CN113625329A - Resistive plate cell detector sensitive to gamma photons - Google Patents
Resistive plate cell detector sensitive to gamma photons Download PDFInfo
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- CN113625329A CN113625329A CN202110705182.2A CN202110705182A CN113625329A CN 113625329 A CN113625329 A CN 113625329A CN 202110705182 A CN202110705182 A CN 202110705182A CN 113625329 A CN113625329 A CN 113625329A
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
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- 239000005355 lead glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005041 Mylar™ Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012879 PET imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005811 Viola adunca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009038 Viola odorata Species 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/185—Measuring radiation intensity with ionisation chamber arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T5/00—Recording of movements or tracks of particles; Processing or analysis of such tracks
- G01T5/12—Circuit arrangements with multi-wire or parallel-plate chambers, e.g. spark chambers
Abstract
A gamma photon sensitive resistive plate chamber detector comprises an upper layer readout circuit board, a plurality of layers of resistive glass, an upper layer carbon film, an upper insulating layer, a photocathode coating, a lower layer carbon film, a lower layer readout circuit board and a lower insulating layer; the multilayer resistive glass is arranged below the upper layer read-out circuit board, an air gap is formed between two adjacent layers of resistive glass, and the uppermost layer of resistive glass is lead glass; the upper carbon film is arranged on the upper surface of the lead glass; the upper insulating layer is arranged between the upper layer reading circuit board and the upper layer carbon film in the vertical direction; the photocathode coating is arranged on the lower surface of the lead glass; the lower carbon film is arranged on the lower surface of the lowermost resistive glass; the lower layer readout circuit board is arranged below the lower layer carbon film; the lower insulating layer is disposed between the lower readout circuit board and the lower carbon film in the up-down direction. The resistive plate chamber detector sensitive to gamma photons has the advantages of high detection efficiency on gamma photons and high measurement precision on the time of flight of gamma photons.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radiation detection, in particular to a gamma photon sensitive resistive plate chamber detector.
Background
When a pair of positive and negative electrons is annihilated, a pair of 0.511MeV gamma photons with the same energy and opposite movement directions is generated, and the position of the electron annihilation can be obtained by detecting the pair of photons generated during annihilation, which is the basic principle of Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The mode of scintillator detector + PMT is often used to detect gamma photons, but this method has the disadvantages of high cost and insufficient time resolution of the detector.
The RPC detector was a gas detector invented by CERN scientists in the beginning of the 80 th 20 th century and was further developed into MRPC in the 90 th 20 th century. The detector has the advantages of high efficiency (higher than 98%), high time resolution (lower than 20ps), excellent position resolution capability and high cost performance, and is a preferred choice for various large-scale particle time flight devices for physical experiments.
The use of RPC detectors to detect gamma photons would be a very promising study. Conventional RPC detectors are often used for the detection of charged particles such as pi, k, p, muon, etc., whereas conventional RPC detectors have very low detector efficiency (about 0.16%) for gamma photons since gamma photons themselves are neutral in charge and not charged.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a gamma photon sensitive resistive plate chamber detector, which comprises an upper layer readout circuit board, a plurality of layers of resistive glass, an upper layer carbon film, an upper insulating layer, a photocathode coating, a lower layer carbon film, a lower layer readout circuit board and a lower insulating layer;
the plurality of layers of resistive glass are arranged below the upper layer readout circuit board and are opposite to the upper layer readout circuit board in the vertical direction, the plurality of layers of resistive glass are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction, an air gap is formed between every two adjacent layers of resistive glass, and the resistive glass on the uppermost layer is lead glass; the upper carbon film is arranged on the upper surface of the lead glass; the upper insulating layer is arranged between the upper layer readout circuit board and the upper layer carbon film in the up-down direction; the photocathode coating is arranged on the lower surface of the lead glass; the lower carbon film is arranged on the lower surface of the lowermost resistive glass; the lower layer readout circuit board is arranged below the lower layer carbon film and is opposite to the lower layer carbon film in the vertical direction; the lower insulating layer is disposed between the lower readout circuit board and the lower carbon film in an up-down direction.
The resistive plate chamber detector sensitive to gamma photons provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of high detection efficiency on gamma photons and high measurement precision on the time of flight of gamma photons.
In some embodiments, the photocathode coating is a double base + CsI photocathode coating.
In some embodiments, the upper readout circuit board includes an upper circuit board and an upper readout strip disposed on the upper circuit board, the lower readout circuit board includes a lower circuit board and a lower readout strip disposed on the lower circuit board, and a readout direction of the upper readout strip is perpendicular to a readout direction of the lower readout strip.
In some embodiments, the lead glass comprises 25% to 35% lead by mass.
In some embodiments, the resistive glass is provided in two layers, with the lower layer of resistive glass being float glass.
In some embodiments, the air gap has a width of 0.128 mm.
In some embodiments, the gamma photon sensitive resistive plate cell detector according to embodiments of the present invention further comprises a spacer fish wire sandwiched between two adjacent resistive glasses to space the two adjacent resistive glasses apart.
In some embodiments, each of the upper and lower insulating layers is a Mylar film.
In some embodiments, a resistive plate cell detector sensitive to gamma photons according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes an upper honeycomb plate disposed above and vertically opposite the upper readout circuit board, and a lower honeycomb plate disposed on an upper surface of the lower honeycomb plate.
In some embodiments, the upper carbon film is connected to a negative high voltage power supply, and the lower carbon film is connected to a positive high voltage power supply.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a resistive plate chamber detector sensitive to gamma photons in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals: 100. a resistive plate chamber detector; 1. an upper honeycomb panel; 2. an upper layer circuit board; 3. reading out the strip on the upper layer; 4. an upper insulating layer; 5. an upper carbon film; 6. lead glass; 7. a photocathode coating; 8. an air gap; 9. separating fishing lines; 10. float glass; 11. a lower honeycomb panel; 12. a lower layer circuit board; 13. a lower layer readout strip; 14. a lower insulating layer; 15. a lower carbon film.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
A resistive plate cell detector 100 sensitive to gamma photons according to an embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to fig. 1. A resistive plate chamber detector 100 sensitive to gamma photons according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper readout circuit board, a multilayer resistive glass, an upper carbon film 5, an upper insulating layer 4, a photocathode coating 7, a lower carbon film 15, a lower readout circuit board, and a lower insulating layer 14.
The multilayer resistive glass is arranged below the upper layer readout circuit board and is opposite to the upper layer readout circuit board in the up-down direction. The multilayer resistive glass is arranged at intervals along the vertical direction. An air gap 8 is formed between two adjacent layers of the resistive glass. The uppermost resistive glass is lead glass 6. The upper carbon film 5 is provided on the upper surface of the lead glass 6. The upper insulating layer 4 is provided between the upper layer readout circuit board and the upper layer carbon film 5 in the up-down direction.
A photocathode coating 7 is provided on the lower surface of the lead glass 6. The lower carbon film 15 is provided on the lower surface of the lowermost resistive glass. The lower layer readout circuit board is disposed below the lower layer carbon film 15 and is opposed to the lower layer carbon film 15 in the up-down direction. The lower insulating layer 14 is provided between the lower layer readout board and the lower layer carbon film 15 in the up-down direction.
Conventional Resistive Plate Chamber detectors (RPCs) are often used for detecting charged particles such as pi, k, p, and muon, and gamma photons are electrically neutral, so that the conventional RPCs have extremely low detection efficiency (0.16%). The conventional method for improving the detection efficiency in the related art is to increase the air gap to improve the effect of avalanche amplification or to change the conversion material to convert as many gamma photons as possible into charged particles, but both methods have limitations on improving the detection efficiency of gamma photons.
In view of this, when gamma photons are detected by the resistive plate chamber detector 100 sensitive to gamma photons according to the embodiment of the present invention, the gamma photons generated after annihilation of the positive and negative electrons sequentially pass through the upper readout circuit board, the upper insulating layer 4, and the upper carbon film 5 into the lead glass 6 on the uppermost layer. The gamma photons generate electrons in the lead glass 6 due to the photoelectric effect and the compton effect. Although only a small portion of the electrons generated in the lead glass 6 can escape from the lead glass 6 into the air gap between the multilayer resistive glass, most of the electrons generate cerenkov light in the lead glass 6, and the cerenkov light easily escapes from the fixed direction of the lead glass 6. The escaped Cerenkov light directly reaches the surface of the photocathode coating 7. By virtue of the property of the photocathode coating 7 to be sensitive to the blue-violet band, the photocathode coating 7 is able to convert cerenkov light into electrons again. Electrons generated by gamma photons in the lead glass 6 and escaping to the air gap 5 and electrons converted from Cerenkov light through the photocathode coating 7 are subjected to avalanche amplification in the strong-field strong air gap of the resistive plate chamber detector 100, and then information of the gamma photons to be detected is obtained from the upper reading circuit board and the lower reading circuit board.
According to research and demonstration, the gamma photon detection efficiency of the resistive plate chamber detector 100 sensitive to gamma photons is remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the measurement precision of the gamma photon flight time is also remarkably improved.
Aiming at the characteristics that the RPC detector has low detection efficiency on charge neutral particles, but has excellent detection efficiency, excellent time resolution, good position resolution capability and high cost performance for charged particles, the gamma photon sensitive resistive plate chamber detector 100 according to the embodiment of the invention adopts the lead glass 6 to convert the gamma photon to be measured into electrons through photoelectric effect and Compton scattering, and then converts the Cerenkov light generated by the electrons in the lead glass 6 into electrons again through the photocathode coating 7 on the lower surface of the lead glass 6. And finally, utilizing the advantages of the RPC on charged particle detection, avalanche amplification is carried out on electrons escaping from the lead glass 6 and electrons converted for the second time by the photocathode coating 7 in an RPC air gap, so that the information of the detected gamma photons is obtained. That is to say, the resistive plate chamber detector 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention mainly converts gamma photons into electrons by an indirect method, and then converts cerenkov light emitted from the first converted electrons into electrons for a second time through the photocathode coating 7, so as to improve the detection efficiency of gamma photons, which is different from the principle that the conventional RPC detector improves the detection efficiency.
Therefore, the resistive plate chamber detector 100 sensitive to gamma photons according to the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of high detection efficiency of gamma photons and high measurement accuracy of the time of flight of gamma photons.
It should be noted that, by using the resistive plate chamber detector 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, advantages of the conventional RPC on the detection of the charged particles can be fully exerted, so that the resistive plate chamber detector 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention has very high economic benefits and industrial application prospects. The resistive plate chamber detector 100 sensitive to gamma photons according to an embodiment of the present invention is primarily targeted for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). At present, a scintillator + PMT is adopted to detect a 0.511MeV gamma photon pair generated by electron annihilation, the detection mode has the disadvantages of high cost and low detection precision of photon flight time, and further improvement of PET imaging precision is hindered. The resistive plate chamber detector 100 according to the embodiment of the invention can significantly reduce the cost of the photon detector in the conventional imaging system, and can improve the positioning accuracy of photon position information.
A resistive plate cell detector 100 sensitive to gamma photons according to an embodiment of the invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.
A resistive plate chamber detector 100 sensitive to gamma photons according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper readout circuit board, a multilayer resistive glass, an upper carbon film 5, an upper insulating layer 4, a photocathode coating 7, a lower carbon film 15, a lower readout circuit board, and a lower insulating layer 14.
The multilayer resistive glass is arranged below the upper layer readout circuit board and is opposite to the upper layer readout circuit board in the up-down direction. The multilayer resistive glass is arranged at intervals along the vertical direction. An air gap 8 is formed between two adjacent layers of the resistive glass. The uppermost resistive glass is lead glass 6. The upper carbon film 5 is provided on the upper surface of the lead glass 6. The upper insulating layer 4 is provided between the upper layer readout circuit board and the upper layer carbon film 5 in the up-down direction. The vertical direction is shown by an arrow a in fig. 1.
A photocathode coating 7 is provided on the lower surface of the lead glass 6. The lower carbon film 15 is provided on the lower surface of the lowermost resistive glass. The lower carbon film cooperates with the upper carbon film for supplying the air gap high voltage. The lower layer readout circuit board is disposed below the lower layer carbon film 15 and is opposed to the lower layer carbon film 15 in the up-down direction. The lower insulating layer 14 is provided between the lower layer readout board and the lower layer carbon film 15 in the up-down direction.
The lead glass 6 is made by adding a certain mass fraction of lead to common resistive glass. The lead glass 6 still has the properties of ordinary resistive glass. Alternatively, the lead glass 6 is made by adding a certain mass fraction of lead to the float glass.
Preferably, the photocathode coating 7 is a double base + CsI photocathode coating. This enables the cerenkov light converted by the lead glass 6 to be converted into electrons in a satisfactory manner. Optionally, the photocathode coating 7 is a double alkali + CsI photocathode coating disposed on the lower surface of the lead glass 6.
As shown in fig. 1, the upper layer read circuit board includes an upper layer circuit board 2 and an upper layer read strip 3 provided on the upper layer circuit board 2. The lower readout circuit board includes a lower circuit board 12 and a lower readout strip 13 disposed on the lower circuit board 12. The readout direction of the upper readout strips 3 is perpendicular to the readout direction of the lower readout strips 13. Thus, position reading in one direction of the two-dimensional X-Y positions can be completed on the upper layer read-out circuit board, and position reading in the other direction of the two-dimensional X-Y positions can be completed on the lower layer read-out circuit board, so that the two-dimensional X-Y position reading can be completed on the single resistive plate chamber detector 100.
In some embodiments, the lead glass 6 comprises 25% to 35% by weight lead. Therefore, the gamma photons can be converted into electrons through photoelectric effect and Compton scattering, and the electrons can generate Cerenkov light in the lead glass 6, and the lead glass 6 has better light transmittance so that the Cerenkov light can penetrate through the lead glass 6 to reach the surface of the photocathode coating 7. Therefore, the photocathode coating 7 can be ensured to convert more cerenkov light into electrons, and the detection efficiency of the gamma photon by the gamma photon sensitive resistive plate chamber detector 100 according to the embodiment of the invention can be further improved.
Preferably, the lead glass 6 contains 30% of lead by mass, so that the detection efficiency of the gamma photon by the gamma photon sensitive resistive plate chamber detector according to the embodiment of the invention can be reliably improved.
In some embodiments, the resistive glass is provided in two layers, with the lower resistive glass being float glass 10. The float glass 10 has a small electric resistance, good light transmittance and good workability. Thereby being capable of meeting the performance requirements of the resistive glass.
It can be understood that, since the resistive plate chamber detector 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention can greatly improve the detection efficiency of gamma photons, even if the resistive plate chamber detector 100 only includes two layers of resistive glass, electrons enter the air gap 8 between the two layers of resistive glass for avalanche amplification, the detection requirement of gamma photons can be well satisfied, so as to obtain the information of gamma photons to be detected. In addition, the resistive glass is arranged into two layers, so that the manufacturing cost and the thickness of the resistive plate chamber detector 100 can be reduced.
Preferably, the width of the air gap 8 is 0.128 mm. Research has demonstrated that a gamma photon sensitive resistive plate cell detector 100 according to an embodiment of the invention with an air gap of 0.128mm between adjacent resistive glasses can achieve an efficiency of approximately 15% for detecting 0.511MeV gamma photons generated by annihilation of positive and negative electron pairs. Of course, the resistive plate cell detector 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention can also detect gamma photons with other energies according to the detection requirement.
As shown in fig. 1, a resistive plate cell detector 100 sensitive to gamma photons according to an embodiment of the invention further comprises spacer fish lines 9. The spacing fish wire 9 is clamped between the two pieces of resistive glass which are adjacent up and down so as to separate the two pieces of resistive glass which are adjacent up and down. Thereby, an air gap 8 can be conveniently formed between two pieces of resistive glass which are adjacent to each other up and down.
Preferably, each of the upper insulating layer 4 and the lower insulating layer 14 is a Mylar film. The Mylar film has good mechanical flexibility, and can reliably ensure the insulation between the upper carbon film and the upper readout circuit board and the insulation between the lower carbon film and the lower readout circuit board.
As shown in fig. 1, a resistive plate cell detector 100 sensitive to gamma photons according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes an upper honeycomb plate 1 and a lower honeycomb plate 11. The upper honeycomb panel 1 is disposed above the upper readout board and is opposed to the upper readout board in the up-down direction. The lower readout board is disposed on the upper surface of the lower honeycomb panel 11. Therefore, the upper honeycomb plate 1 and the lower honeycomb plate 11 can support other structures in the resistive plate cell detector 100.
Preferably, the upper carbon film 5 is connected to a negative high voltage power supply, and the lower carbon film 15 is connected to a positive high voltage power supply. Specifically, the positive and negative high voltages may be positive and negative 704V. Therefore, a strong electric field can be conveniently formed in the multilayer resistive glass between the upper carbon film 5 and the lower carbon film 15, electrons converted by the photocathode coating 7 move from top to bottom in the strong electric field, and the electrons converted by the photocathode coating 7 can lean against an air gap to be subjected to avalanche amplification, so that the detection efficiency of gamma photons can be reliably improved.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A resistive plate cell detector sensitive to gamma photons, comprising:
an upper layer readout circuit board;
the multilayer resistive glass is arranged below the upper layer read circuit board and is opposite to the upper layer read circuit board in the vertical direction, the multilayer resistive glass is arranged at intervals in the vertical direction, an air gap is formed between two adjacent layers of resistive glass, and the resistive glass on the uppermost layer is lead glass;
an upper carbon film provided on an upper surface of the lead glass;
an upper insulating layer disposed between the upper readout circuit board and the upper carbon film in an up-down direction;
the photocathode coating is arranged on the lower surface of the lead glass;
a lower carbon film provided on a lower surface of the lowermost resistive glass;
a lower readout circuit board disposed below the lower carbon film and opposite to the lower carbon film in an up-down direction; and
a lower insulating layer disposed between the lower readout circuit board and the lower carbon film in an up-down direction.
2. A resistive plate cell detector sensitive to gamma photons as defined in claim 1, wherein the photocathode coating is a double base + CsI photocathode coating.
3. A resistive plate chamber detector according to claim 1, wherein the upper readout circuit board comprises an upper circuit board and upper readout strips disposed on the upper circuit board, and the lower readout circuit board comprises a lower circuit board and lower readout strips disposed on the lower circuit board, and the readout direction of the upper readout strips is perpendicular to the readout direction of the lower readout strips.
4. A resistive plate chamber detector according to claim 1, wherein the lead glass contains between 25% and 35% lead by mass.
5. A resistive plate cell detector according to claim 1 in which the resistive glass is provided in two layers, the lower layer of resistive glass being float glass.
6. A resistive plate chamber detector sensitive to gamma photons according to claim 1, wherein the air gap has a width of 0.128 mm.
7. A resistive plate cell detector according to claim 1, further comprising a spacer fish wire sandwiched between two of the resistive glasses adjacent above and below to space the two resistive glasses adjacent above and below.
8. The resistive plate chamber detector of claim 1, wherein each of the upper and lower insulating layers is a Mylar film.
9. A resistive plate cell detector according to claim 1, further comprising an upper honeycomb plate disposed above and in up-down opposition to the upper readout circuit board and a lower honeycomb plate disposed on an upper surface of the lower honeycomb plate.
10. A resistive plate chamber detector sensitive to gamma photons as defined in claim 1, wherein the upper carbon film is connected to a negative high voltage power supply and the lower carbon film is connected to a positive high voltage power supply.
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2021
- 2021-06-24 CN CN202110705182.2A patent/CN113625329A/en active Pending
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