CN113624502A - Engine valve system test bench and valve mechanism test method - Google Patents
Engine valve system test bench and valve mechanism test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113624502A CN113624502A CN202110945927.2A CN202110945927A CN113624502A CN 113624502 A CN113624502 A CN 113624502A CN 202110945927 A CN202110945927 A CN 202110945927A CN 113624502 A CN113624502 A CN 113624502A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/02—Details or accessories of testing apparatus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/003—Machine valves
Abstract
The invention discloses an engine valve system test bench and a valve actuating mechanism test method, which are designed in such a way that a loading motor is directly connected with a camshaft to test an engine valve system, an engine timing chain or a belt is not needed to be matched for testing, and test data such as the relation between loading torque and cam angle, the relation between valve lift and cam angle, the relation between valve speed and cam angle, the relation between valve acceleration and cam angle, the judgment of valve seating speed state and the like can be quickly and directly measured by a plurality of special sensors. The invention has convenient installation, simple test, stable transmission efficiency and high measurement precision, can greatly shorten the detection and development period of products, and provides powerful support for the whole process of production and research and development by the validity of measurement data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engines, in particular to an engine valve system test bench and a valve train test method.
Background
The main function of the engine valve train test bed is to test the characteristics of the valve train of the engine and compare the characteristics with the design parameters of the valve train at the beginning of the engine design, thereby judging whether the performance and the design of the valve train are good or not. The valve train is an important component of the engine, and whether the design of the valve train is reasonable or not directly affects the economic performance, noise, vibration, working reliability and the like of the engine.
The performance test of the valve train should be performed on a valve train test bench. The valve train test bed can be used for observing the function of the valve mechanism in the simulated state by simulating the working condition of the valve mechanism in the ignition running state under the non-ignition state of the engine, comprehensively observing the influence of factors such as rotating speed, engine oil temperature, lubricating conditions, valve clearance and the like on the function of the valve mechanism, and providing theoretical evaluation basis for the optimal design of the valve mechanism of the engine.
The transmission mechanism of the existing engine valve train test bed adopts an indirect mode, a timing chain or a belt is mainly driven by a motor to drive a cam shaft to rotate, and a tensioning wheel and an idler wheel device are required to be carried.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an engine valve train testing platform and a valve train testing method, so as to meet the requirements of rapid detection in research, development, production and manufacturing processes, increase working efficiency and save production cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides an engine valve train testing table, including:
the base is respectively connected with the loading motor, the T-shaped groove bracket and the sensor mounting bracket;
the loading motor is respectively connected with the rotating speed sensor and the torque sensor with the encoder, and the coupler is connected with the torque sensor; the camshaft of the tested valve actuating mechanism is connected with the coupling;
the T-shaped groove bracket is connected with the adjustable lifting support leg; the adjustable lifting support leg is connected with the special tool plate; the special tooling plate is connected with the engine oil constant temperature device through an oil inlet pipe and an oil return pipe and is connected with a cylinder cover of the gas mechanism to be tested; the cylinder cover is respectively connected with the camshaft and the cylinder cover shield; the sensor mounting bracket is respectively connected with the torque sensor and the rotating speed sensor;
the engine oil constant temperature device is respectively connected with the cooling water inlet, the cooling water outlet, the oil inlet pipe and the oil return pipe;
the eddy current sensor is arranged in the axial direction of the lift range of the valve of the trial gas distribution mechanism and is used for detecting a lift range signal generated by the reciprocating motion of the valve;
the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is fixed on the valve and used for detecting an acceleration signal when the valve reciprocates;
and the main control cabinet is respectively in electric signal connection with the main control computer, the torque sensor, the rotating speed sensor, the loading motor, the engine oil constant temperature device, the eddy current sensor and the piezoelectric acceleration sensor.
In at least one possible implementation, the base is a cast iron platform with a T-shaped groove.
In at least one possible implementation, the loading motor includes an ac inverter motor.
In at least one possible implementation manner, the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is fixedly connected with the valve through a bonding type adapter.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a valve train testing method based on the engine valve train testing platform, which includes:
the loading motor directly loads the torque of the camshaft of the gas distribution mechanism to be tested, the torque sensor detects a loading torque signal in real time, and a cam corner signal is detected in real time according to an encoder inside the torque sensor;
acquiring a lift signal of the valve in real time by using an eddy current displacement sensor, and solving a speed signal of the valve based on the lift signal; meanwhile, acquiring an acceleration signal of the valve in real time by using a piezoelectric acceleration sensor;
determining a far end position and a near end position of the valve when the valve reciprocates according to the speed signal and the acceleration signal, and taking the speed signal when the valve is located at the near end position as a valve seating speed;
measuring the relation between the cylinder cover valve speed and the cam rotation angle of the tested gas distribution mechanism based on the speed signal and the cam rotation angle signal; measuring the relation between the cylinder cover valve acceleration and the cam corner of the tested gas distribution mechanism based on the acceleration signal and the cam corner signal; measuring to obtain the relation between the loading torque and the cam angle of a cylinder cover camshaft of the tested gas distribution mechanism based on the loading torque signal and the cam angle signal; and measuring the relation between the cylinder cover valve lift and the cam angle of the tested gas distribution mechanism based on the lift signal and the cam angle signal.
The design concept of the invention is that the engine valve system is tested by adopting a mode of directly connecting the loading motor and the camshaft, the engine timing chain or belt is not needed to be matched for testing, and test data such as the relation between the loading torque and the cam angle, the relation between the valve lift and the cam angle, the relation between the valve speed and the cam angle, the relation between the valve acceleration and the cam angle, the judgment of the valve seating speed state and the like can be quickly and directly measured by a plurality of special sensors. The invention has convenient installation, simple test, stable transmission efficiency and high measurement precision, can greatly shorten the detection and development period of products, and provides powerful support for the whole process of production and research and development by the validity of measurement data.
Drawings
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test bench of an engine valve train according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a valve train testing method based on an engine valve train testing platform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The present invention proposes an embodiment of an engine valve train test stand, specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the valve train test stand includes: a base 19 connected to the loading motor 16, the T-slot bracket 18 and the sensor mounting bracket 20; the basic base is a basic platform of the whole valve train test bed, the loading motor, the tested gas distribution mechanism, the sensor, the oil/water device and the like are all arranged on the basic base, the basic base can be a cast iron platform with a T-shaped groove during implementation, the material can be HT250, and the precision grade is 3.
The loading motor 16 is connected with the torque sensor 13 and the rotating speed sensor 14, and the coupling 12 is connected with the torque sensor 13; a camshaft 11 of the tested gas distribution mechanism is connected with a coupling 12; the part can be understood as a transmission and loading mechanism of the valve train test bed, a tested piece of the valve train test bed is a valve actuating mechanism of an engine, and in order to simulate the working state of an engine distribution mechanism in a non-ignition state of the engine, a loading device is required to drive a camshaft of the valve actuating mechanism of the engine to rotate through a transmission system. In order to simulate the working state of the valve actuating mechanism in a non-ignition state, an alternating current variable frequency motor can be used as a loading device (namely a loading motor), a camshaft driving the valve actuating mechanism can rotate according to the specific working condition rotating speed of an engine, specifically, a transmission system adopts a direct drive mode, wherein a transmission shaft is used for connecting the loading motor with the camshaft through the transmission shaft provided with a coupler, so that the performance of the valve actuating mechanism is stable and reliable; the shaft coupling is used for absorbing the torsional vibration from the output shaft end of the loading motor to the camshaft and solving the coaxial problem in the transmission process. Wherein, the parameters of the torque sensor can refer to: 0-100 Nm, measurement accuracy: 0.1Nm, response frequency: the frequency is more than or equal to 1kHz, and 2048 teeth/revolution can be output by a shaft end encoder inside the torque sensor.
The T-shaped groove bracket 18 is connected with an adjustable lifting supporting leg 17, and the adjustable lifting supporting leg 17 is connected with the special tool plate 15; the special tool plate 15 is connected with the engine oil constant temperature device 3 through an oil inlet pipe 7 and an oil return pipe 8 and is connected with a cylinder cover 10 of a gas mechanism to be tested; the cylinder cover 10 is connected with the camshaft 11 and the cylinder cover shield 9; the sensor mounting bracket 20 is connected to the torque sensor 13 and the rotational speed sensor 14; the part can be understood as a positioning and clamping mechanism of the valve train test bed, wherein the lifting supporting legs can be adjusted to support a valve mechanism bracket (a special tooling plate) and adjust the installation height of the valve mechanism bracket through a height adjusting structure, so that a camshaft of the valve mechanism and a loading motor are ensured to be at the same height, and the transmission requirement is met.
The engine oil constant temperature device 3 is connected with a cooling water inlet 5, a cooling water outlet 6, an oil inlet pipe 7 and an oil return pipe 8; the part can be understood as a medium auxiliary mechanism of the valve train test bed, the engine oil thermostatic control device is adopted, and the normal work of the lubricating oil thermostatic control device requires that the test chamber provides additional cooling water for serving as a cooling medium for temperature control, and the lubricating oil thermostatic control device can be connected with a cooling water inlet pipe and a cooling water return pipe of the test chamber through metal hoses during implementation.
The main control cabinet 2 is in electric signal connection with the main control computer 1, the torque sensor 13, the rotating speed sensor 14, the loading motor 16 and the engine oil thermostat 3. This section is understood to be the electrical control mechanism of the valve train test stand, and the specific test method based on the electrical control mechanism will be described below.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention further provides an embodiment of a valve train testing method using the engine valve train testing station, which specifically includes:
step S1, directly carrying out torque loading on a camshaft of the gas distribution mechanism to be tested through a loading motor, simultaneously detecting a loading torque signal in real time through a torque sensor, and detecting a cam rotation angle signal in real time according to an encoder inside the torque sensor;
step S2, acquiring a lift signal of the valve in real time by using an eddy current displacement sensor, and calculating a speed signal of the valve based on the lift signal; meanwhile, acquiring an acceleration signal of the valve in real time by using a piezoelectric acceleration sensor;
step S3, determining the far end position and the near end position when the valve reciprocates according to the speed signal and the acceleration signal, and taking the speed signal when the valve is at the near end position as the valve seating speed;
step S4, measuring the relation between the cylinder cover valve speed and the cam angle of the tested gas distribution mechanism based on the speed signal and the cam angle signal; measuring the relation between the cylinder cover valve acceleration and the cam corner of the tested gas distribution mechanism based on the acceleration signal and the cam corner signal; measuring to obtain the relation between the loading torque and the cam angle of a cylinder cover camshaft of the tested gas distribution mechanism based on the loading torque signal and the cam angle signal; and measuring the relation between the cylinder cover valve lift and the cam angle of the tested gas distribution mechanism based on the lift signal and the cam angle signal.
Regarding the measurement of the cam angle: and the tested gas distribution mechanism is loaded by a loading motor according to the running working condition of the engine, wherein the loading torque is measured by a torque sensor, and the rotation angle of the camshaft of the gas distribution mechanism is detected and output by an encoder inside the torque sensor to be used as the angular domain measurement reference of the whole test system.
Regarding measurement of valve lift signals: an eddy current displacement sensor can be selected, which is a high-precision sensor for measuring the end face position of the ferromagnetic material object according to a one-dimensional direction change process. As mentioned above, the eddy current sensor can be directly arranged on the valve system test bed in the axial direction of the lift range of the valve of the mechanism to be tested, the reciprocating motion of the valve is converted into a charge signal and transmitted to the charge amplifier, the amplifier converts the whole analog signal and transmits the charge signal to the signal conditioning unit in the main control cabinet of the control room after being processed, the signal conditioning unit processes the analog signal into a digital signal and transmits the digital signal to the main control computer, and a tester can monitor the change of the lift range of the valve through a data monitoring interface in management software of the upper computer and can store the lift range data of the valve at the same time.
Measurement of valve speed signal: the measurement of the valve speed signal is to obtain the speed signal corresponding to the lift signal by means of the valve lift signal through corresponding operation processing, and simultaneously, a data file can be recorded and stored.
Measurement of valve acceleration signal: as mentioned above, the valve acceleration signal measurement can select a piezoelectric acceleration sensor, and the piezoelectric acceleration sensor has the characteristics of wide frequency response, low lateral sensitivity, light weight, firm plug and the like, and is suitable for impact and vibration related applications including condition monitoring and automobile related tests. The piezoelectric acceleration sensor needs to be fixed on the measured valve and moves together with the valve, so that the sensor and the valve can be fixedly connected together through a special bonding adapter. During testing, the acceleration sensor moves along with the valve, and because the output signal of the acceleration sensor is of a charge type, the acceleration sensor needs to be matched with a charge amplifier for use, is communicated with a main control cabinet between the signal acquisition instrument and the control room, and displays and records the acceleration signal of the valve in a main control computer.
Regarding valve seating velocity measurements: the valve of the valve mechanism reciprocates along the valve profile direction under the drive of the camshaft, the far end position of the reciprocating motion is determined by the maximum outer edge diameter of the cam profile, and the near end position of the reciprocating motion is determined by the lower edge of the valve seat ring. Thus, the distal and proximal positions of the valve reciprocation may be interpreted from both the acceleration and velocity parameters of the valve during reciprocation, and the resulting operating velocity at the time of the proximal position of the valve reciprocation may be defined as the seating velocity of the valve.
In addition to the above-mentioned measurement objects, the following tests can be considered with the valve train test bench described above:
(1) judging the valve flying off: the valve of the valve mechanism is a complex stress process in the reciprocating motion process, the valve forms a restraining set through a valve spring, a valve spring seat, a valve mechanism cylinder body and a tappet (or a rocker arm), the stress process of the valve in the motion is simply the resultant force of the stress of the valve spring and the stress applied to the valve spring seat by a cam, and the flying-off of the valve refers to the dangerous phenomenon that a fixed part in a valve assembly fails or the valve breaks away from the constraint of the valve spring and falls into a cylinder due to the breakage of a valve rod. If the valve is to be judged to fly off, the most effective method is to obtain the stress of the valve spring through measurement or calculation, perform stress analysis on the dynamic condition of the valve and judge whether the valve is in the stress condition in the constraint, thereby judging whether the valve fly off occurs.
(2) Judging the rebound of the valve: valve bounce is also one of the conditions that can occur during valve reciprocation, and the condition of valve bounce is judged to be similar to the condition of valve fly-off.
(3) Contact force of the valve stem against the drive surface in relation to the cam angle: the contact force between the valve and the tappet (or the rocker arm) is measured by adopting a strain bridge, and then the contact force is matched with the cam rotation angle signal recorded by the measurement to achieve the relationship between the contact force and the cam rotation angle signal.
In summary, the design concept of the present invention is to test an engine valve system by directly connecting a loading motor and a camshaft, without testing an engine timing chain or belt, and to quickly and directly measure test data such as a relationship between a loading torque and a cam angle, a relationship between a valve lift and a cam angle, a relationship between a valve speed and a cam angle, a relationship between a valve acceleration and a cam angle, and a valve seating speed state through a plurality of dedicated sensors. The invention has convenient installation, simple test, stable transmission efficiency and high measurement precision, can greatly shorten the detection and development period of products, and provides powerful support for the whole process of production and research and development by the validity of measurement data.
In the embodiments of the present invention, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, and means that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may mean that a exists alone, a and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. Wherein A and B can be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "at least one of the following" and similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of singular or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, and c may represent: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c or a and b and c, wherein a, b and c can be single or multiple.
The structure, features and effects of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that technical features related to the above embodiments and preferred modes thereof can be reasonably combined and configured into various equivalent schemes by those skilled in the art without departing from and changing the design idea and technical effects of the present invention; therefore, the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings, and all the modifications and equivalent embodiments that can be made according to the idea of the invention are within the scope of the invention as long as they are not beyond the spirit of the description and the drawings.
Claims (5)
1. An engine valve train test stand, comprising: a base pedestal (19) respectively connected with the loading motor (16), the T-shaped groove bracket (18) and the sensor mounting bracket (20);
the loading motor (16) is respectively connected with the rotating speed sensor (14) and the torque sensor (13) with an encoder, and the coupling (12) is connected with the torque sensor (13); a camshaft (11) of the tested valve train is connected with a coupling (12);
the T-shaped groove bracket (18) is connected with the adjustable lifting support leg (17); the adjustable lifting supporting leg (17) is connected with the special tool plate (15); the special tool plate (15) is connected with the engine oil constant temperature device (3) through an oil inlet pipe (7) and an oil return pipe (8) and is connected with a cylinder cover (10) of the tested valve mechanism; the cylinder cover (10) is respectively connected with the camshaft (11) and the cylinder cover shield (9); the sensor mounting bracket (20) is respectively connected with the torque sensor (13) and the rotating speed sensor (14);
the engine oil constant temperature device (3) is respectively connected with the cooling water inlet (5), the cooling water outlet (6), the oil inlet pipe (7) and the oil return pipe (8);
the eddy current sensor is arranged in the axial direction of the lift range of the valve of the trial gas distribution mechanism and is used for detecting a lift range signal generated by the reciprocating motion of the valve;
the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is fixed on the valve and used for detecting an acceleration signal when the valve reciprocates;
and the main control cabinet (2) is respectively in electric signal connection with the main control computer (1), the torque sensor (13), the rotating speed sensor (14), the loading motor (16), the engine oil constant temperature device (3), the eddy current sensor and the piezoelectric acceleration sensor.
2. The engine valve train test stand of claim 1, wherein the base is a cast iron platform with a T-shaped groove.
3. The engine valve train test stand of claim 1, wherein the loading motor comprises an ac inverter motor.
4. The engine valve train test bench of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is fixedly connected with the valve through a bonding adapter.
5. A valve train testing method based on the engine valve train testing platform of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:
the loading motor directly loads the torque of the camshaft of the gas distribution mechanism to be tested, the torque sensor detects a loading torque signal in real time, and a cam corner signal is detected in real time according to an encoder inside the torque sensor;
acquiring a lift signal of the valve in real time by using an eddy current displacement sensor, and solving a speed signal of the valve based on the lift signal; meanwhile, acquiring an acceleration signal of the valve in real time by using a piezoelectric acceleration sensor;
determining a far end position and a near end position of the valve when the valve reciprocates according to the speed signal and the acceleration signal, and taking the speed signal when the valve is located at the near end position as a valve seating speed;
measuring the relation between the cylinder cover valve speed and the cam rotation angle of the tested gas distribution mechanism based on the speed signal and the cam rotation angle signal; measuring the relation between the cylinder cover valve acceleration and the cam corner of the tested gas distribution mechanism based on the acceleration signal and the cam corner signal; measuring to obtain the relation between the loading torque and the cam angle of a cylinder cover camshaft of the tested gas distribution mechanism based on the loading torque signal and the cam angle signal; and measuring the relation between the cylinder cover valve lift and the cam angle of the tested gas distribution mechanism based on the lift signal and the cam angle signal.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110945927.2A CN113624502A (en) | 2021-08-16 | 2021-08-16 | Engine valve system test bench and valve mechanism test method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110945927.2A CN113624502A (en) | 2021-08-16 | 2021-08-16 | Engine valve system test bench and valve mechanism test method |
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| CN107101830A (en) * | 2017-04-30 | 2017-08-29 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of electrical servo straight line loads test system |
| CN110426213A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-11-08 | 浙江大学 | A kind of hydraulic loaded multifunctional engine valve actuating mechanism testing stand |
| CN110703095A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-01-17 | 江苏大学 | Road condition simulation loading test device and test method for electric vehicle driving motor |
| CN112731148A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-04-30 | 福建铨一电源科技有限公司 | High-capacity feedback type alternating current synchronous generator test system |
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2021
- 2021-08-16 CN CN202110945927.2A patent/CN113624502A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4505235A (en) * | 1980-01-02 | 1985-03-19 | National Research Development Corporation | Valve timing mechanisms of internal combustion engines |
| CN102539161A (en) * | 2011-12-25 | 2012-07-04 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Test bench system for valve train of engine |
| CN104198192A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2014-12-10 | 韩志强 | Testing device of variable valve system and testing method thereof |
| CN107101830A (en) * | 2017-04-30 | 2017-08-29 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of electrical servo straight line loads test system |
| CN110426213A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-11-08 | 浙江大学 | A kind of hydraulic loaded multifunctional engine valve actuating mechanism testing stand |
| CN110703095A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-01-17 | 江苏大学 | Road condition simulation loading test device and test method for electric vehicle driving motor |
| CN112731148A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-04-30 | 福建铨一电源科技有限公司 | High-capacity feedback type alternating current synchronous generator test system |
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Application publication date: 20211109 |