CN113624322B - High-speed railway contact net trouble optical fiber detection device - Google Patents
High-speed railway contact net trouble optical fiber detection device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-speed rail contact net fault optical fiber detection device, belonging to the technical field of distributed optical fibers; the technical problems to be solved are as follows: the hardware structure of the high-speed rail contact net fault optical fiber detection device is improved; the technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the ultra-wideband optical fiber vibration sensing system comprises an ultra-wideband light source, wherein the ultra-wideband light source generates ultra-wideband laser, the ultra-wideband light source enters an a port of a first optical fiber coupler, the laser output by a c port of the first optical fiber coupler passes through a first phase-shift optical fiber grating and then outputs narrow linewidth laser as an input light source of the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system, and the laser output by a b port of the first optical fiber coupler passes through a wideband filter and then outputs wideband laser as an input light source of the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system; Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system and Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system respectively transmit the input broadband laser through the optical path and then convert the broadband laser into electric signals to be input to the data acquisition and processing system; the method is applied to fault detection of the high-speed rail contact net.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a high-speed rail contact net fault optical fiber detection device, and belongs to the technical field of distributed optical fiber sensing.
Background
With the comprehensive popularization of high-speed railways in China, the operation safety of high-speed trains puts higher demands on high-speed rail contact networks. The high-speed rail contact net is mainly used for basic power supply of a high-speed train, and common faults of the high-speed rail contact net mainly comprise damage to basic components, damage to installation structural members, damage to contact net wires, damage to auxiliary components such as hanging strings and the like, partial discharge caused by burnout of insulating devices and the like, and obvious vibration signals can be generated to a certain extent. Therefore, vibration signal detection is an important means for detecting faults of the high-speed rail contact network, and the characteristics of long distance, strong electromagnetic interference and the like of the high-speed rail contact network bring higher requirements to the vibration detection technology. The distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology uses the communication optical fiber as a sensing element, has the advantages of long distance, distributed performance, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, and has important application prospect in the field of high-speed rail contact network fault detection.
The distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology mainly comprises two main types of forward interference light sensing and backward scattering light sensing. The Sagnac (Sagnac) interference type optical fiber vibration sensing system is taken as a typical forward optical sensing system, and the broadband laser is used, and the interference of the equal optical path lasers is realized by utilizing a 3×3 optical fiber coupler, so that the rapid restoration of the vibration signal waveform is realized, but the positioning performance is insufficient. And a phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (phi-OTDR) optical fiber vibration sensing system is taken as a typical back scattering optical sensing system, and accurate positioning of vibration signals is realized by using narrow linewidth laser and utilizing a 3X 3 optical fiber coupler demodulation algorithm, but the waveform restoring frequency is limited.
Therefore, the invention accurately obtains the position information and the waveform information of the vibration signal generated by the faults of the high-speed rail contact net by utilizing the waveform restoring capability of the Sagnac interference type optical fiber vibration sensing system and the accurate positioning capability of the phi-OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system on the vibration signal, thereby realizing the fault detection of the high-speed rail contact net and providing guarantee for the reliable power supply safety of the high-speed rail.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and solves the technical problems that: the hardware structure of the high-speed rail contact net fault optical fiber detection device is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the device comprises an ultra-wideband light source, a Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system for positioning vibration signals generated by high-speed rail contact network faults, a Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system for restoring vibration waveform information generated by the high-speed rail contact network faults, and a data acquisition processing system for demodulating the optical fiber signals, wherein the ultra-wideband light source generates ultra-wideband laser, the ultra-wideband laser enters an a port of a first optical fiber coupler, laser output by a c port of the first optical fiber coupler passes through a first phase shift optical fiber grating and then outputs narrow linewidth laser as an input light source of the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system, and laser output by a b port of the first optical fiber coupler passes through a wideband filter and then outputs broadband laser as an input light source of the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system;
the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system and the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system simultaneously realize aplanatic laser interference of the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system and phase signal demodulation of the 3×3 optical fiber coupler of the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system by using the same 3×3 optical fiber coupler;
the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system and the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system respectively transmit input laser through an optical path and then convert the laser into an electric signal, the electric signal is input into the data acquisition and processing system for signal demodulation, and waveforms of different vibration signals caused by the detected faults of the high-speed rail contact net are restored and positioned.
The data acquisition processing system comprises an acquisition card and a computer.
The Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system comprises a first phase shift optical fiber grating, an acousto-optic modulator, a signal generator, an optical fiber amplifier, a circulator, a wavelength division multiplexer, a sensing optical fiber, a second phase shift optical fiber grating, a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler, a reference optical fiber, a 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler, a second optical fiber coupler, a third phase shift optical fiber grating, a first photoelectric detector, a third optical fiber coupler, a fourth phase shift optical fiber grating and a second photoelectric detector, wherein the specific optical path structure is as follows:
the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system is characterized in that broadband laser passing through a c port of a first optical fiber coupler enters a first phase shift optical fiber grating and then enters an acousto-optic modulator, and pulse laser modulated by the acousto-optic modulator enters an a port of a circulator after being amplified by an optical fiber amplifier; then output from the c port of the circulator into the wavelength division multiplexer; finally, the laser output from the c port of the wavelength division multiplexer enters a second phase shift fiber grating after passing through the sensing fiber;
meanwhile, backward Rayleigh scattered light output from the b port of the circulator enters the d port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler; then simultaneously emitted from the c port and the a port of the 2 x 2 fiber coupler; the backward Rayleigh scattered light output by the c port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler enters a reference optical fiber; the backward Rayleigh scattered light passing through the reference optical fiber and the backward Rayleigh scattered light of the port a of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler enter the port e and the port d of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler respectively;
then the backward Rayleigh scattering light passing through the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler is divided into two paths, and one path of backward Rayleigh scattering signal enters the second optical fiber coupler from the port a of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler; the backward Rayleigh scattered light passing through the second optical fiber coupler is emitted from the c port and enters a third phase shift optical fiber grating;
finally, converting the optical signal into an electric signal through a first photoelectric detector, and then entering a c channel of the acquisition card;
meanwhile, the other path of backward Rayleigh scattering signal enters an a port of a third optical fiber coupler from a b port of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler; inputting a fourth phase-shift fiber grating through a b port of the third fiber coupler; finally, the second photoelectric detector converts the optical signal into an electric signal and enters an a port of the acquisition card;
the acquisition card acquires the two paths of optical fiber sensing signals and demodulates the optical fiber sensing signals through an online algorithm by a computer.
The Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system comprises a broadband filter, an optical fiber isolator, a 3 multiplied by 3 optical fiber coupler, a reference optical fiber, a 2 multiplied by 2 optical fiber coupler, a wavelength division multiplexer, a sensing optical fiber, a second phase shift optical fiber grating, a second optical fiber coupler, a fourth photoelectric detector, a third optical fiber coupler and a third photoelectric detector, wherein the specific optical path structure is as follows:
the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system is characterized in that broadband laser output from a b port of a first optical fiber coupler passes through a broadband filter and then enters a c port of a 3X 3 optical fiber coupler through an optical fiber isolator; then, the broadband laser is output in two paths, and one path of broadband laser output by an e port of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler enters a reference optical fiber; then enters the c port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler through the reference optical fiber; the other path of broadband laser output by the d port of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler enters the a port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler; then the broadband laser output by the port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler (b) enters the laser of the port b and the port a of the wavelength division multiplexer to be fused;
then the wavelength division multiplexer outputs laser from the c port to enter the second phase shift fiber grating through the sensing fiber; broadband laser reflected by the second phase shift fiber bragg grating passes through the sensing fiber and then enters the c port of the wavelength division multiplexer; the broadband laser is output from the b port of the wavelength division multiplexer and enters the b port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler; then the broadband laser output by the c port of the 3 x 3 fiber coupler enters a reference fiber; then the broadband laser passing through the reference fiber enters the e port of the 3×3 fiber coupler;
simultaneously, broadband laser output by the port a of the 2X 2 coupler enters the port d of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler; then the broadband laser signal output by the a port of the 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler enters the a port of the second optical fiber coupler; then the broadband laser signal output by the b port of the second optical fiber coupler is converted into an electric signal by a fourth photoelectric detector and enters the b port of the differential operation circuit; simultaneously, a broadband laser signal output by a port b of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler enters a port a of a third optical fiber coupler;
then the broadband laser signal output by the c port of the third optical fiber coupler is converted into an electric signal by a third photoelectric detector and enters the a port of the differential operation circuit; the electric signal passing through the differential operation circuit enters a b channel of the acquisition card;
and finally, demodulating the vibration phase of the sensing optical fiber by the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system by the signal acquired by the acquisition card through a computer.
The bandwidth of the laser generated by the ultra-wideband light source is 1250-1650nm.
The bandwidth of the input laser of the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system is 1550nm narrow linewidth laser.
The bandwidth of the input laser of the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system is 1290-1330nm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention adopts the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system to realize the waveform reduction and the positioning of the vibration signal caused by the faults of the high-speed rail contact net, thereby solving the problem of accurate detection of the faults of the high-speed rail contact net.
The invention adopts a single 3X 3 optical fiber coupler, and simultaneously realizes equal optical path laser interference of the Sagnac interference type optical fiber vibration sensing system and phase signal demodulation of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler of the phi-OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system, thereby reducing the power loss in signal transmission by reducing the use of passive devices.
The invention adopts a single ultra-wideband light source, combines the filter characteristic of the phase shift grating to realize the output of lasers with different wave bands, and not only generates the narrow linewidth laser required by the phi-OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system, but also generates the broadband laser required by the Sagnac interference type optical fiber vibration sensing system, thereby simplifying the system structure and improving the stability of the laser light source.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific laying structure of a sensing fiber applied to a high-speed rail contact net according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an ultra wideband light source; 2. a first optical fiber coupler; 3. a first phase-shifted fiber grating; 4. an acousto-optic modulator; 5. A signal generator; 6. an optical fiber amplifier; 7. a circulator; 8. a wavelength division multiplexer; 9. a sensing optical fiber; 10. a carrier cable seat ring; 11. a carrier cable; 12. a second phase-shifted fiber grating; 13. a 2 x 2 fiber coupler; 14. a reference fiber; 15. a 3 x 3 fiber coupler; 16. a second fiber coupler; 17. a third phase shift fiber grating; 18. a first photodetector; 19. A third fiber coupler; 20. fourth phase-shift fiber grating; 21. a second photodetector; 22. a broadband filter; 23. An optical fiber isolator; 24. a third photodetector; 25. a fourth photodetector; 26. a differential operation circuit; 27. a collection card; 28. a computer; 29. a hanger; 30. a wire; 31. a catenary structure; 32. a tower post; 33. and (5) a pull rod.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the high-speed rail contact network fault optical fiber detection device of the invention aims to solve the problem that the conventional distributed optical fiber sensing system cannot realize detection at the same time for long-distance and wide-frequency range signals, and utilizes the fusion of a phi-OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system and a Sagnac interference optical fiber vibration sensing system and the characteristics of a phase shift optical fiber grating to realize multi-wavelength optical path design and demodulation of long-distance sensing optical fiber vibration positioning and phase information, thereby realizing fault signal detection of the high-speed rail contact network system.
The invention provides a high-speed rail contact net fault optical fiber detection device, which comprises an ultra-wideband light source 1, a first optical fiber coupler 2, a first phase shift optical fiber grating 3, an acousto-optic modulator 4, a signal generator 5, an optical fiber amplifier 6, a circulator 7, a wavelength division multiplexer 8, a sensing optical fiber 9, a second phase shift optical fiber grating 12, a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 13, a reference optical fiber 14, a 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler 15, a second optical fiber coupler 16, a third phase shift optical fiber grating 17, a first photoelectric detector 18, a third optical fiber coupler 19, a fourth phase shift optical fiber grating 20, a second photoelectric detector 21, a wideband filter 22, an optical fiber isolator 23, a third photoelectric detector 24, a fourth photoelectric detector 25, a differential operation circuit 26, a collection card 27 and a computer 28.
The phi-OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system is composed of a first phase shift optical fiber grating 3, an acousto-optic modulator 4, a signal generator 5, an optical fiber amplifier 6, a circulator 7, a wavelength division multiplexer 8, a sensing optical fiber 9, a second phase shift optical fiber grating 12, a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 13, a reference optical fiber 14, a 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler 15, a second optical fiber coupler 16, a third phase shift optical fiber grating 17, a first photoelectric detector 18, a third optical fiber coupler 19, a fourth phase shift optical fiber grating 20 and a second photoelectric detector 21.
Meanwhile, a linear Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system is formed by a broadband filter 22, an optical fiber isolator 23, a 3×3 optical fiber coupler 15, a reference optical fiber 14, a 2×2 optical fiber coupler 13, a wavelength division multiplexer 8, a sensing optical fiber 9, a second phase shift optical fiber grating 12, a second optical fiber coupler 16, a fourth photoelectric detector 25, a third optical fiber coupler 19 and a third photoelectric detector 24. Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-speed rail contact net fault optical fiber detection device, and a specific embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1.
The ultra-wideband light source 1 outputs laser with the bandwidth of 1250-1650nm to enter an a port of the first optical fiber coupler 2; then, broadband laser passing through a c port of the first optical fiber coupler 2 enters the first phase shift optical fiber grating 3 for line width screening, and the 1550nm narrow line width laser is filtered and enters the acousto-optic modulator 4, and the acousto-optic modulator 4 is driven by the signal generator 5 to modulate 1550nm narrow line width laser into pulse laser; the pulse laser enters an a port of the circulator 7 after being amplified by the optical fiber amplifier 6; then output from the c-port of the circulator 7 into the a-port of the wavelength division multiplexer 8 and merge with the laser light entering the b-port of the wavelength division multiplexer 8; finally, the laser output from the c port of the wavelength division multiplexer 8 enters the second phase shift fiber grating 12 after passing through the sensing fiber 9 to filter the narrow linewidth laser of 1550nm, and the Fresnel reflection is prevented from being generated at the tail end of the fiber.
Meanwhile, the backward Rayleigh scattered light output from the b port of the circulator 7 enters the d port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler 13; then simultaneously from the c-port and the a-port of the 2 x 2 fiber coupler 13; backward Rayleigh scattered light output by the c port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler 13 enters the e port of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler 15 through the reference optical fiber 14; backward Rayleigh scattered light emitted from the a port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler 13 enters the d port of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler 15; the two paths of backward Rayleigh scattered light are output in two paths after being converged by the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler 15, and one path of backward Rayleigh scattered light is output by the a port of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler 15 and enters the a port of the second optical fiber coupler 16; the backward Rayleigh scattered light passing through the second optical fiber coupler 16 is emitted from the c port and filtered out 1550nm backward Rayleigh scattered light by the third phase shift optical fiber grating 17; finally, the optical signal is converted into an electric signal through the first photoelectric detector 18 and then enters a c channel of the acquisition card 27 for signal acquisition; meanwhile, the other path of backward Rayleigh scattered light is output from the b port of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler 15 and enters the a port of the third optical fiber coupler 19, and the backward Rayleigh scattered light with 1550nm is filtered out by the b port output of the third optical fiber coupler 19 through the fourth phase-shift optical fiber grating 20; finally, the second photodetector 21 converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and enters the a channel of the acquisition card 27. The acquisition card 27 inputs two paths of optical fiber sensing signals acquired through the two channels a and c into the computer 28, and the on-line algorithm demodulation is carried out through the computer 28, so that the monitoring of the vibration position and the phase restoration of the vibration signals by the phi-OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system are realized.
Meanwhile, broadband laser output from the b port of the first optical fiber coupler 2 is filtered out by a 1290-1330nm broadband filter 22 to realize detection of the Sagnac interference type optical fiber vibration system; the broadband laser filtered by the broadband filter 22 enters the c port of the 3×3 optical fiber coupler 15 through the optical fiber isolator 23, and the broadband laser passes through the optical fiber isolator 23 to prevent the laser reflected by the c port of the 3×3 optical fiber coupler 15 from damaging the ultra-broadband light source 1 with the bandwidth of 1250-1650 nm; then 1290-1330nm broadband laser is output in two paths, and one path of broadband laser output by the e port of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler 15 enters the c port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler 13 through the reference optical fiber 14; the other path of broadband laser output by the d port of the 3×3 optical fiber coupler 15 enters the a port of the 2×2 optical fiber coupler 13, and then the b port of the 2×2 optical fiber coupler 13 outputs the laser entering the b port of the wavelength division multiplexer 8 and the laser entering the a port of the wavelength division multiplexer 8 for fusion; then the wavelength division multiplexer 8 outputs laser from the c port into the sensing optical fiber 9; finally, the broadband laser output by the sensing optical fiber 9 is reflected by the second phase shift fiber grating 12; the reflected broadband laser enters the c port of the wavelength division multiplexer 8 after passing through the sensing optical fiber 9; the broadband laser is output from the b port of the wavelength division multiplexer 8 to enter the b port of the 2×2 optical fiber coupler 13, and then output from the c port of the 2×2 optical fiber coupler 13 to enter the e port of the 3×3 optical fiber coupler 15 through the reference optical fiber 14; simultaneously, the broadband laser output by the a port of the 2 x 2 coupler 13 enters the d port of the 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler 15; then the broadband laser signal output by the a port of the 3×3 fiber coupler 15 enters the a port of the second fiber coupler 16; then the broadband laser signal output by the b port of the second optical fiber coupler 16 is converted into an electric signal by the fourth photodetector 25 and enters the b port of the differential operation circuit 26; simultaneously, the broadband laser signal output by the b port of the 3×3 optical fiber coupler 15 enters the a port of the third optical fiber coupler 19; then the broadband laser signal output by the c port of the third optical fiber coupler 19 is converted into an electric signal by the third photoelectric detector 24 and enters the a port of the differential operation circuit 26; the two paths of signals are subjected to differential operation circuit 26 to remove common mode signals and amplify the differential mode signals, then the signals are output from a c port of the differential operation circuit 26 and enter a b channel of the acquisition card 27, finally the acquisition card 27 transmits signals acquired by the b channel to the computer 28, and the computer 28 demodulates the vibration phase of the sensing optical fiber 9 through the Sagnac interference type optical fiber vibration system.
The high-speed rail overhead contact system is a power grid erected along the overhead of a railway line, is a special type of power transmission line, and is shown in fig. 2, wherein the high-speed rail overhead contact system comprises a carrier cable seat ring 10, a carrier cable 11, a wire 30, a tower pole support 32, a pull rod 33 and a hanger 29. The faults of the high-speed rail contact net are mainly represented by the fracture faults of the lead 30, the carrier cable 11 and the hanger 29 and the partial discharge faults of the lead 30 caused by insulation damage short circuit, obvious vibration signals can be generated when the faults occur, and vibration detection can be carried out by reasonably arranging sensing optical fibers. Since the function of the conductor 30 is to supply power to the high speed train, the sensor fiber 9 is not allowed to be routed directly on the conductor 30, so the sensor fiber 9 is routed on the carrier cable 11 through the carrier cable seat ring 10. When the lead 30, the carrier cable 11 and the hanger 29 break or the lead 30 has partial discharge faults caused by short circuit, the sensing optical fibers 9 arranged on the carrier cable 11 can detect different vibration signals, and the high-speed rail contact net fault optical fiber detection device reduces and positions waveforms of the different vibration signals caused by the detected high-speed rail contact net faults, so that the high-speed rail contact net faults are detected in real time.
The invention discloses a high-speed rail contact net fault optical fiber detection device, which aims to realize fault detection of a high-speed rail contact net so as to ensure basic power supply safety of a high-speed train. Faults of the high-speed rail contact net comprise foundation construction damage, installation structural member damage, contact net wire damage, auxiliary members such as hanger wire damage, partial discharge caused by burnout of insulating devices and the like, and obvious vibration signals can be generated to a certain extent. And the characteristics of long distance, strong electromagnetic interference and the like of the high-speed rail contact net bring higher requirements to the vibration detection technology. Therefore, the invention can accurately acquire the position information and the waveform information of the vibration signal generated by the fault of the high-speed rail contact net by utilizing the waveform restoring capability of the Sagnac interference type optical fiber vibration sensing system and the accurate positioning capability of the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system on the vibration signal. And through using the same 3X 3 optical fiber coupler, not only the aplanatic laser interference of the Sagnac interference type optical fiber vibration sensing system is realized, but also the phase signal demodulation of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler of the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system is realized, so that the power loss in signal transmission is reduced by reducing the use of passive devices. Meanwhile, by utilizing the characteristics of the phase shift grating, a single ultra-wideband light source generates lasers with different wave bands, so that not only is the narrow linewidth laser required by the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system generated, but also the wideband laser required by the Sagnac interference type optical fiber vibration sensing system is generated, thereby simplifying the system structure and improving the stability of the laser light source. The invention provides a layout scheme of sensing optical fibers based on the high-speed rail contact net, and the state of the high-speed rail contact net is accurately detected in real time on the premise of not influencing the power supply running of a high-speed train.
The specific structure of the invention needs to be described that the connection relation between the component modules adopted by the invention is definite and realizable, and besides the specific description in the embodiment, the specific connection relation can bring corresponding technical effects, and solves the technical problems of the invention on the premise of not depending on the execution of corresponding software programs.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a high-speed railway contact net trouble optic fibre detection device which characterized in that: the system comprises an ultra-wideband light source (1), a Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system for positioning vibration signals generated by faults of a high-speed rail contact net, a Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system for restoring vibration waveform information generated by faults of the high-speed rail contact net, and a data acquisition processing system for demodulating the optical fiber signals, wherein the ultra-wideband light source (1) generates ultra-wideband laser, the ultra-wideband laser enters an a port of a first optical fiber coupler (2), laser output by a c port of the first optical fiber coupler (2) passes through a first phase-shift optical fiber grating (3) and then outputs narrow-linewidth laser as an input light source of the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system, and laser output by a b port of the first optical fiber coupler (2) passes through a wideband filter (22) and then outputs the wideband laser as an input light source of the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system;
the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system and the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system simultaneously realize aplanatic laser interference of the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system and phase signal demodulation of the 3×3 optical fiber coupler of the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system by using the same 3×3 optical fiber coupler;
the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system and the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system respectively transmit input lasers through optical paths and then convert the lasers into electric signals, the electric signals are input into the data acquisition and processing system for signal demodulation, and waveforms of different vibration signals caused by the detected faults of the high-speed rail contact net are restored and positioned;
the data acquisition processing system comprises an acquisition card (27) and a computer (28);
the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system comprises a first phase shift optical fiber grating (3), an acousto-optic modulator (4), a signal generator (5), an optical fiber amplifier (6), a circulator (7), a wavelength division multiplexer (8), a sensing optical fiber (9), a second phase shift optical fiber grating (12), a 2×2 optical fiber coupler (13), a reference optical fiber (14), a 3×3 optical fiber coupler (15), a second optical fiber coupler (16), a third phase shift optical fiber grating (17), a first photoelectric detector (18), a third optical fiber coupler (19), a fourth phase shift optical fiber grating (20) and a second photoelectric detector (21), wherein the specific optical path structure is as follows:
the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system is characterized in that broadband laser passing through a c port of a first optical fiber coupler (2) enters a first phase shift optical fiber grating (3) and then enters an acousto-optic modulator (4), and pulse laser modulated by the acousto-optic modulator (4) enters an a port of a circulator (7) after being amplified by an optical fiber amplifier (6); then output from the c port of the circulator (7) into the wavelength division multiplexer (8); finally, the laser output from the c port of the wavelength division multiplexer (8) enters a second phase shift fiber grating (12) after passing through a sensing fiber (9);
meanwhile, backward Rayleigh scattered light output from the b port of the circulator (7) enters the d port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler (13); then simultaneously emitted from the c port and the a port of the 2 x 2 fiber coupler (13); backward Rayleigh scattered light output by a c port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler (13) enters a reference optical fiber (14); the backward Rayleigh scattered light passing through the reference optical fiber (14) and the backward Rayleigh scattered light of the a port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler (13) enter the e port and the d port of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler (15) respectively;
then the backward Rayleigh scattering light passing through the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler (15) is divided into two paths, and one path of backward Rayleigh scattering signal enters the second optical fiber coupler (16) from the port a of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler (15); the backward Rayleigh scattered light passing through the second optical fiber coupler (16) is emitted from the c port and enters a third phase shift optical fiber grating (17);
finally, the optical signal is converted into an electric signal through a first photoelectric detector (18) and then enters a c channel of the acquisition card (27);
meanwhile, the other path of backward Rayleigh scattering signal enters an a port of a third optical fiber coupler (19) from a b port of a 3X 3 optical fiber coupler (15); inputting a fourth phase-shift fiber grating (20) through a b port of a third fiber coupler (19); finally, the second photoelectric detector (21) converts the optical signal into an electric signal and enters an a port of the acquisition card (27);
the acquisition card (27) acquires the two paths of optical fiber sensing signals and demodulates the optical fiber sensing signals through an online algorithm by a computer (28);
the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system comprises a broadband filter (22), an optical fiber isolator (23), a 3 multiplied by 3 optical fiber coupler (15), a reference optical fiber (14), a 2 multiplied by 2 optical fiber coupler (13), a wavelength division multiplexer (8), a sensing optical fiber (9), a second phase shift optical fiber grating (12), a second optical fiber coupler (16), a fourth photoelectric detector (25), a third optical fiber coupler (19) and a third photoelectric detector (24), wherein the specific optical path structure is as follows:
the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system is characterized in that broadband laser output from the b port of a first optical fiber coupler (2) passes through a broadband filter (22) and then enters the c port of a 3X 3 optical fiber coupler (15) through an optical fiber isolator (23); then, the broadband laser is output in two paths, and one path of broadband laser output by an e port of a 3X 3 optical fiber coupler (15) enters a reference optical fiber (14); then enters the c port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler (13) through the reference optical fiber (14); the other path of broadband laser output by the d port of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler (15) enters the a port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler (13); then the broadband laser output by the port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler (b) enters the laser of the port b and the port a of the wavelength division multiplexer (8) to be fused;
then the wavelength division multiplexer (8) outputs laser from a c port thereof to enter a second phase shift fiber grating (12) through a sensing fiber (9); broadband laser reflected by the second phase shift fiber bragg grating (12) enters a c port of the wavelength division multiplexer (8) after passing through the sensing optical fiber (9); the broadband laser is output from the b port of the wavelength division multiplexer (8) and enters the b port of the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler (13); then the broadband laser output by the c port of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler (13) enters a reference optical fiber (14); broadband laser passing through the reference fiber (14) then enters the e-port of the 3 x 3 fiber coupler (15);
simultaneously, broadband laser output by an a port of the 2X 2 coupler (13) enters a d port of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler (15); then the broadband laser signal output by the a port of the 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler (15) enters the a port of the second optical fiber coupler (16); then the broadband laser signal output by the b port of the second optical fiber coupler (16) is converted into an electric signal by a fourth photoelectric detector (25) and enters the b port of the differential operation circuit (26); simultaneously, a broadband laser signal output by a port b of the 3X 3 optical fiber coupler (15) enters a port a of the third optical fiber coupler (19);
then, the broadband laser signal output by the c port of the third optical fiber coupler (19) is converted into an electric signal by the third photoelectric detector (24) and enters the a port of the differential operation circuit (26); the electric signal passing through the differential operation circuit (26) enters a b channel of the acquisition card (27);
and finally, the signal acquired by the acquisition card (27) is demodulated by the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system on the vibration phase of the sensing optical fiber (9) by a computer (28).
2. The high-speed rail catenary fault optical fiber detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the bandwidth of the laser generated by the ultra-wideband light source (1) is 1250-1650nm.
3. The high-speed rail catenary fault optical fiber detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the bandwidth of the input laser of the Փ -OTDR optical fiber vibration sensing system is 1550nm narrow linewidth laser.
4. The high-speed rail catenary fault optical fiber detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the bandwidth of the input laser of the Sagnac optical fiber vibration sensing system is 1290-1330nm.
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| JP2014119310A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-30 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Optical fiber vibration sensor |
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| CN111289089A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-06-16 | 吉林大学 | Distributed optical fiber sensing system based on heterodyne detection technology |
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| JP2014119310A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-30 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Optical fiber vibration sensor |
| CN107063431A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-08-18 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of optical fiber vibration sensing system and method based on double light path |
| CN206804030U (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2017-12-26 | 安徽师范大学 | A kind of distributed vibration positioning sensor system based on linear pattern Sagnac interference and Φ OTDR |
| CN111289089A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-06-16 | 吉林大学 | Distributed optical fiber sensing system based on heterodyne detection technology |
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