CN113623074B - 一种采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的igcc系统及其工作方法 - Google Patents

一种采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的igcc系统及其工作方法 Download PDF

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CN113623074B
CN113623074B CN202111081691.9A CN202111081691A CN113623074B CN 113623074 B CN113623074 B CN 113623074B CN 202111081691 A CN202111081691 A CN 202111081691A CN 113623074 B CN113623074 B CN 113623074B
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周贤
彭烁
钟迪
安航
白烨
黄永琪
姚国鹏
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Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute
Huaneng Group Technology Innovation Center Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统及其工作方法包括依次连接的气化炉、燃烧室和透平；气化炉进口连接有水和煤，透平和余热锅炉之间设置有高温离子输送膜制氧单元，透平的出口与高温离子输送膜制氧单元的渗透侧进口连接，高温离子输送膜制氧单元的渗透侧出口连接有余热锅炉进口，高温离子输送膜制氧单元的非渗透侧出口与气化炉进口连接。满足了高温离子输送膜制氧单元对原料气的参数要求，省去了空气压缩机与空气加热器设备，系统流程简化，设备投资降低。

Description

一种采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统及其工作方法
技术领域
本发明属于煤气化联合循环系统领域，涉及一种采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统及其工作方法。
背景技术
煤炭是我国重要的基础能源，也是我国CO2排放的主要来源。整体煤气化联合循环系统(IGCC)是将清洁的煤气化技术与高效的燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电技术有机集成的高效发电技术。我国于2012年建成投产了首套25万千瓦规模的IGCC示范电站，其设计净效率为41％，电站实际运行的环保性能可达甚至优于天然气联合循环电站，在IGCC的基础上实施燃烧前CO2捕集，可实现低成本捕集CO2。深冷空分系统是IGCC发电系统中的主要能耗单元，但深冷空分系统能耗进一步降低空间有限。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供一种采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统及其工作方法，满足了高温离子输送膜制氧单元对原料气的参数要求，省去了空气压缩机与空气加热器设备，系统流程简化，设备投资降低。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现：
一种采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统，包括依次连接的气化炉、燃烧室和透平；
透平和余热锅炉之间设置有高温离子输送膜制氧单元，透平的出口与高温离子输送膜制氧单元的渗透侧进口连接，高温离子输送膜制氧单元的渗透侧出口连接有余热锅炉进口，高温离子输送膜制氧单元的非渗透侧出口与气化炉进口连接。
优选的，高温离子输送膜制氧单元原料侧下游设置有阻力模块。
优选的，透平的排气温度高于700℃。
优选的，透平的排气压力高于2bar。
优选的，燃烧室和透平进口连接有压气机的输出端。
优选的，气化炉和燃烧室之间依次连接有煤气冷却器、除尘单元、低温余热回收单元、脱硫单元和合成气调制单元，煤气冷却器进口连接气化炉出口，合成气调制单元出口连接燃烧室进口，除尘单元出口与气化炉进口连接。
进一步，煤气冷却器出口连接有余热锅炉进口，余热锅炉出口连接有汽轮机进口。
进一步，脱硫单元连接有硫回收单元。
一种基于任意一项所述采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统的工作方法，包括以下过程：
煤经过预处理后成为送入气化炉，水作为气化反应的原料同时送入气化炉，煤在气化炉中与水、以及高温离子输送膜制氧单元非渗透侧出口产生的纯氧发生气化反应，生成合成气，合成气送入燃烧室，燃烧后的高温烟气送入透平发电，透平出口烟气送入高温离子输送膜制氧单元的渗透侧进口制取纯氧，高温离子输送膜制氧单元的渗透侧出口的制氧尾气送入余热锅炉。
优选的，气化炉中生成的合成气在煤气冷却器中冷却，同时产生蒸汽，送入余热锅炉，合成气经过除尘单元.后，送入低温余热回收单元，除尘单元产生的飞灰再循环至气化炉中；在低温余热回收单元进一步冷却的合成气再送入脱硫单元，脱硫单元产生的酸性气体送入硫回收单元生成硫磺，脱硫单元产生的洁净合成气在合成气调制单元稀释后，再送入燃烧室。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明利用高温离子输送膜技术本身具有较低的制氧能耗的特点，高温离子输送膜技术与IGCC系统集成后，系统净发电效率高；让燃气在透平中不完全膨胀，形成高温高压的排气，以满足高温离子输送膜制氧单元对原料气的参数要求，高温离子输送膜制氧单元利用温度压力较高的燃气轮机排气，省去了空气压缩机与空气加热器设备，系统流程简化，设备投资降低。
进一步，除尘单元输出端与气化炉连接，能够将除尘单元产生的飞灰再循环至气化炉中，避免排入大气中污染环境。
进一步，煤气冷却器产生的蒸汽被送到余热锅炉继续过热后送入汽轮机发电，提高了系统的发电效率。
进一步，硫回收单元能够将脱硫单元产生的酸性气体生成硫磺，避免排入大气中污染环境。
附图说明
图1为本发明的系统结构示意图。
其中：1-气化炉；2-煤气冷却器；3-除尘单元；4-低温余热回收单元；5-脱硫单元；6-硫回收单元；7-合成气调制单元；8-燃烧室；9-压气机；10-透平；11-余热锅炉；12-汽轮机；13-高温离子输送膜制氧单元。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：
如图1所示，为本发明所述的采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统，包括依次连接的气化炉1、煤气冷却器2、除尘单元3、低温余热回收单元4、脱硫单元5、合成气调制单元7、燃烧室8、透平10、余热锅炉11和汽轮机12。
气化炉1进口连通有水蒸汽和煤。
煤气冷却器2出气口连接余热锅炉，煤气冷却器2产生的蒸汽被送到余热锅炉11继续过热后送入汽轮机12发电，提高了系统的发电效率。
除尘单元3出口与气化炉1进口连接，能够将除尘单元3产生的飞灰再循环至气化炉1中，避免排入大气中污染环境。
脱硫单元5连接有硫回收单元6，硫回收单元6能够将脱硫单元5产生的酸性气体生成硫磺，避免排入大气中污染环境。
燃烧室8和透平10进口连接有压气机9的输出端，透平10和余热锅炉11之间设置有高温离子输送膜制氧单元13，透平10的出口与高温离子输送膜制氧单元13的渗透侧进口连接，高温离子输送膜制氧单元13的渗透侧出口连接有余热锅炉11进口，高温离子输送膜制氧单元13的非渗透侧出口与气化炉1进口连接。
对透平10进行拆除透平10的末级叶片，或在高温离子输送膜制氧单元13原料侧下游设置阻力模块，提高透平10背压，通过改造让燃气在透平10中不完全膨胀，这样使得燃气轮机的排气温度高于700℃，压力高于2bar，形成高温高压排气，以满足高温离子输送膜制氧单元13对原料气的参数要求。
本发明所述采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统的工作过程为：
煤经过预处理后成为送入气化炉1，一股水作为气化反应的原料同时送入气化炉1，煤在气化炉1中与水、以及高温离子输送膜制氧单元13非渗透侧出口产生的纯氧发生气化反应，生成粗合成气，气化过程产生的灰渣从气化炉1排出。粗合成气在煤气冷却器2中冷却，同时产生蒸汽，送入余热锅炉11。粗合成气经过除尘单元3后，送入低温余热回收单元4，除尘单元3产生的飞灰再循环至气化炉1中。进一步冷却的合成气再送入脱硫单元5，脱硫单元5产生的酸性气体送入硫回收单元6生成硫磺，脱硫单元5产生的洁净合成气在合成气调制单元6稀释后，再送入燃烧室8，压气机9从大气中吸入空气，产生的高压空气送入燃烧室8，高压空气与合成气燃烧后生成高温烟气送入透平10发电。透平10出口较高温度与压力的烟气送入高温离子输送膜制氧单元13的渗透侧进口制取纯氧，高温离子输送膜制氧单元13渗透侧出口的制氧尾气送入余热锅炉11，余热锅炉11产生的蒸汽送入汽轮机12发电。
燃气轮机高温高压排气送入高温离子输送膜制氧单元13渗透侧，非渗透侧产生的纯氧直接送入气化炉1。渗透侧剩余的尾气仍有较高的热能，送入余热锅炉11回收尾气余热，产生蒸汽，推动汽轮机12发电。最终降温后的尾气从余热锅炉11尾部排入大气。
以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统，其特征在于，包括依次连接的气化炉（1）、燃烧室（8）和透平（10）；
透平（10）和余热锅炉（11）之间设置有高温离子输送膜制氧单元（13），透平（10）的出口与高温离子输送膜制氧单元（13）的渗透侧进口连接，高温离子输送膜制氧单元（13）的渗透侧出口连接有余热锅炉（11）进口，高温离子输送膜制氧单元（13）的非渗透侧出口与气化炉（1）进口连接；
高温离子输送膜制氧单元（13）原料侧下游设置有阻力模块；
透平（10）的排气温度高于700℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统，其特征在于，透平（10）的排气压力高于2bar。
3.根据权利要求1所述的采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统，其特征在于，燃烧室（8）和透平（10）进口连接有压气机（9）的输出端。
4.根据权利要求1所述的采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统，其特征在于，气化炉（1）和燃烧室（8）之间依次连接有煤气冷却器（2）、除尘单元（3）、低温余热回收单元（4）、脱硫单元（5）和合成气调制单元（7），煤气冷却器（2）进口连接气化炉（1）出口，合成气调制单元（7）出口连接燃烧室（8）进口，除尘单元（3）出口与气化炉（1）进口连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统，其特征在于，煤气冷却器（2）出口连接有余热锅炉（11）进口，余热锅炉（11）出口连接有汽轮机（12）进口。
6.根据权利要求4所述的采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统，其特征在于，脱硫单元（5）连接有硫回收单元（6）。
7.一种基于权利要求1-6任意一项所述采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统的工作方法，其特征在于，包括以下过程：
煤经过预处理后成为送入气化炉（1），水作为气化反应的原料同时送入气化炉（1），煤在气化炉（1）中与水、以及高温离子输送膜制氧单元（13）非渗透侧出口产生的纯氧发生气化反应，生成合成气，合成气送入燃烧室（8），燃烧后的高温烟气送入透平（10）发电，透平（10）出口烟气送入高温离子输送膜制氧单元（13）的渗透侧进口制取纯氧，高温离子输送膜制氧单元（13）的渗透侧出口的制氧尾气送入余热锅炉（11）。
8.根据权利要求7所述的采用燃气轮机排烟的制氧的IGCC系统的工作方法，其特征在于，气化炉（1）中生成的合成气在煤气冷却器（2）中冷却，同时产生蒸汽，送入余热锅炉（11），合成气经过除尘单元.后，送入低温余热回收单元（4），除尘单元（3）产生的飞灰再循环至气化炉中；在低温余热回收单元（4）进一步冷却的合成气再送入脱硫单元（5），脱硫单元（5）产生的酸性气体送入硫回收单元（6）生成硫磺，脱硫单元（5）产生的洁净合成气在合成气调制单元（7）稀释后，再送入燃烧室（8）。
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