CN113621134A - 一种具有交替多嵌段结构的3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷-四氢呋喃含能共聚醚及其合成方法 - Google Patents

一种具有交替多嵌段结构的3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷-四氢呋喃含能共聚醚及其合成方法 Download PDF

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CN113621134A
CN113621134A CN202110893838.8A CN202110893838A CN113621134A CN 113621134 A CN113621134 A CN 113621134A CN 202110893838 A CN202110893838 A CN 202110893838A CN 113621134 A CN113621134 A CN 113621134A
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郑文芳
李雅楠
李文希
潘仁明
蔺向阳
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有交替多嵌段结构的3,3‑双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷‑四氢呋喃含能共聚醚及其合成方法,交替多嵌段的含能粘合剂结构式如(I)所示:

Description

一种具有交替多嵌段结构的3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷-四 氢呋喃含能共聚醚及其合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有交替多嵌段结构的3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷-四氢呋喃共聚物及其合成方法,该化合物可作为固体推进剂的含能粘合剂,属于高分子材料技术领域。
背景技术
3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷均聚物(PBAMO)作为一种高氮含量的含能粘合剂,具有高生成热、高能量,相容性好且机械感度低等优点,是目前含能粘合剂领域的研究热点未来发展方向之一。PBAMO通过在碳链侧基引入叠氮基团来提高能量,但是侧基的存在会提高粘合剂的玻璃化转变温度,从而使得固体推进剂不耐低温,在低温环境下韧性较差。
为了解决PBAMO低温脆化的问题,科研人员将柔性链引入叠氮基类含能粘合剂,来降低其玻璃化转变温度。3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷-四氢呋喃(BAMO-THF)共聚物是国内目前最有发展前景的含能粘合剂之一,具有广阔的应用前景和研究价值。BAMO-THF共聚物通常是由两种合成路线完成,一种是由BAMO与THF是在Levvis酸催化下直接开环本体共聚合成,见合成式,另一种是BCMO与THF先聚合,然后与NaN3进行叠氮化反应。但这种阳离子共聚的产物一般呈无规共聚,只能通过投料比在一定程度上获得较为理想的分布状态,难以控制序列结构。
屈红翔,冯增国等在《3,3-双(叠氮甲基)环氧丁烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚的合成及其链结构分析》中利用BAMO单体与THF单体进行阳离子开环共聚,合成了BAMO-THF端羟基叠氮共聚物并计算共聚物序列结构,结果表明通过控制投料比,可获得与此相近链节比的共聚物,从交替度和平均序列长度、竞聚率看,两种单体的随机分布状态较为理想,其无规状态较好。贾红慧等人研究发现当投料比n(BAMO)∶n(THF)=50∶50时,BAMO的链段长度主要集中在1~5之间,THF链段长度主要集中在1~2,即从理论方面,BAMO倾向于形成微嵌段。在该投料比体系下,BAMO数均序列长度为2.12,THF数均序列长度为1.34。因此阳离子无规共聚无法得到较为可控的交替多嵌段共聚,微观序列结构有待进一步优化。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有交替多嵌段结构的3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷-四氢呋喃共聚物及其合成方法。
实现本发明目的的技术方案如下:
以聚四氢呋喃(PTHF)和3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷均聚物(PBAMO)为原料,KOH为催化剂,经过亲核取代反应得到交替多嵌段的叠氮基类含能粘合剂。本合成方法简单,得到的交替多嵌段BAMO-THF含能共聚醚的微观序列结构可调控,能够赋予推进剂较好的力学性能,其结构式如下:
Figure BSA0000248829380000021
具有交替多嵌段结构的BAMO-THF含能共聚醚,具体步骤如下:
步骤1,在一个装有磁力搅拌、温度计和回流装置的三口烧瓶中,加入小分子量3,3- 双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷齐聚物、四氢呋喃和过量的氢氧化钾,回流搅拌反应,得到端醇钾/钠 3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷齐聚物;
步骤2,在端醇钾/钠3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷齐聚物中逐滴加入端对甲苯磺酸酯化的聚四氢呋喃的四氢呋喃溶液,回流搅拌反应,反应结束后过滤得到黄色液体;
步骤3,旋蒸除去黄色液体中的四氢呋喃溶剂,溶于二氯甲烷并用盐酸水溶液和氯化钠饱和水溶液调节PH值至中性,无水硫酸钠干燥后,旋蒸烘干;随后用石油醚和甲醇萃取除去环醚和低分子齐聚物,得到具有交替多嵌段结构的BAMO-THF含能共聚醚。
优选地,步骤1中,所述的3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷齐聚物的分子量为Mn=186~930。
优选地,步骤1中,所述的3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷齐聚物与四氢呋喃的体积比为1∶ 1~3。
优选地,步骤1中,所述的催化剂可为氢氧化钾、氢化钠、甲醇钠等。
优选地,步骤2中,所述的端醇钠/钾3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷与端对甲苯磺酸聚四氢呋喃的摩尔比为1~2∶1。
优选地,步骤2中,所述的端对甲苯磺酸聚四氢呋喃与四氢呋喃的体积比为1∶1~3。
优选地,步骤2中,所述的回流反应时间为12~48h。
优选地,步骤3中,所述的盐酸水溶液浓度不得高于2mol/L。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
本发明摆脱了现有技术常用的阳离子聚合的共聚方法,通过威尔森醚合成的方法实现齐聚物之间的缩聚,通过调节齐聚物的分子量和反应时间,改变BAMO-THF含能共聚醚的微观序列结构,有效的实现了BAMO同含量无规共聚醚的力学性能可调控,最终得到了具有不同微嵌段单元数目的BAMO-THF含能共聚醚。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的BAMO-THF交替多嵌段共聚物实物图;图2为实施例1制备的PBAMO齐聚物,PTHF、PTHF-OTS,BAMO-THF交替多嵌段共聚物的傅里叶红外特征光谱图;图3为实施例1中,BAMO-THF交替多嵌段共聚物的核磁共振氢谱图;图4为实施例2制备的BAMO-THF交替多嵌段共聚物实物图;图5为实施例2中,BAMO-THF交替多嵌段共聚物的核磁共振氢谱图;图6为实施例3制备的BAMO-THF交替多嵌段共聚物实物图;;图7为实施例3中,BAMO-THF交替共聚物的核磁共振氢谱图;
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详述。
实施例1
将1.2g PBAMO(Mn=322,3.7mmol)溶解于10mLTHF中,加入2.24g KOH(40mmol),将体系移入65℃恒温油浴中。将1.2g端甲苯磺酸酯基聚四氢呋喃(Mn=542,2.2mmol)的 THF溶液缓慢滴入上述反应体系,滴加完毕后体系在65℃继续反应18h。然后过滤旋蒸,将粗产物溶于二氯甲烷,用蒸馏水洗涤至中性。再用无水硫酸镁干燥、抽滤、旋蒸,依次加入60-90℃沸点的石油醚和甲醇洗涤旋蒸,得到黄色粘稠物(0.82g)
结构鉴定:
FT-IR红外:聚四氢呋喃经过对甲苯磺酰化得到端甲苯磺酸酯聚四氢呋喃后,红外的羟基 3000-3500cm-1消失,证明PTHF的端基已经完全被修饰。通过PBAMO和PTHF-OTS制备的 PBAMO-THF的羟基峰较PBAMO明显减少,对甲苯磺酰氯1000-1500cm-1的特征峰消失。
核磁:通过1H-NMR得BAMO含量为22.7%,1H-NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ3.3-3.4 (THF中的CH2-O),δ3.23-3.28(CH2-N3),3.18-3.23(BAMO中的CH2-O),1.44-1.64(THF 中的C-CH2-C)。
以上数据表明所合成的化合物为交替多嵌段结构的BAMO-THF共聚醚含能粘合剂
实施例2
将1.5g PBAMO(Mn=448,3.3mmol)溶解于20mL THF中,加入2.57g KOH(40mmol),将体系移入65℃恒温油浴中。将1.2g端甲苯磺酸酯基聚四氢呋喃(Mn=542,2.2mmol)的THF溶液缓慢滴入上述反应体系,滴加完毕后体系在65℃继续反应24h。然后过滤旋蒸,将粗产物溶于二氯甲烷,用蒸馏水洗涤至中性。再用无水硫酸镁干燥、抽滤、旋蒸,依次加入60-90℃沸点的石油醚和甲醇洗涤旋蒸,得到黄色粘稠物(0.74g)。
实施例3
将1.28g PBAMO(Mn=510,2.5mmol)溶解于20mL THF中,加入2.01g KOH(40mmol),将体系移入65℃恒温油浴中。将0.8g端甲苯磺酸酯基的1,4-丁二醇(Mn=398,2.0mmol)的THF溶液缓慢滴入上述反应体系,滴加完毕后体系在65℃继续反应24h。然后过滤旋蒸,将粗产物溶于二氯甲烷,用蒸馏水洗涤至中性。再用无水硫酸镁干燥、抽滤、旋蒸,依次加入60-90℃沸点的石油醚和甲醇洗涤旋蒸,得到黄色粘稠物(0.52g)。

Claims (9)

1.一种具有交替多嵌段结构的3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷-四氢呋喃含能共聚醚及其合成方法,交替多嵌段的含能粘合剂结构式如(I)所示
Figure FSA0000248829370000011
其中,m=1~5,n=1~4,k=1~10,为整数。
2.一种具有交替多嵌段结构的3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷-四氢呋喃含能共聚醚及其合成方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
步骤1,在一个装有磁力搅拌、温度计和回流装置的三口烧瓶中,加入小分子量3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷齐聚物、四氢呋喃和催化剂,回流搅拌反应,得到端醇钾/钠3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷齐聚物;
步骤2,在端醇钾/钠3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷齐聚物中逐滴加入含有端对甲苯磺酸聚四氢呋喃(PTHF-OTS)的四氢呋喃溶液,回流搅拌反应,反应结束后过滤得到深黄色液体;
步骤3,旋蒸除去黄色液体中的四氢呋喃溶剂,溶于二氯甲烷并用盐酸水溶液和氯化钠饱和水溶液调节PH值至中性,通过无水硫酸钠干燥后,过滤旋蒸烘干。随后采用石油醚和甲醇萃取除去环醚化合物和低分子齐聚物,得到具有交替多嵌段结构的BAMO-THF含能共聚醚。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1中,所述的3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷齐聚物的分子量为Mn=186~930。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1中,所述的3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷齐聚物与PTHF-OTS的体积比为1∶1~3。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1中,所述催化剂可为氢氧化钾、氢化钠、甲醇钠等。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2中,所述的端醇钠/钾3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷齐聚物与端对甲苯磺酸聚四氢呋喃的摩尔比为1~2∶1。
7.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2中,所述的端对甲苯磺酸聚四氢呋喃与四氢呋喃的体积比为1∶1~3。
8.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2中,所述的回流反应时间为12~72h。
9.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤3中,所述的盐酸水溶液浓度不得高于2mol/L。
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CN115353631A (zh) * 2022-08-02 2022-11-18 南京理工大学 一种3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷-3-甲基四氢呋喃含能共聚醚及其合成方法
CN115368554A (zh) * 2022-08-02 2022-11-22 南京理工大学 一种3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷-3-甲基四氢呋喃含能共聚醚及其合成方法

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