CN113620947B - 一种蒽衍生物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种蒽衍生物及其制备方法和应用,所述蒽衍生物以蒽作为“桥梁”,以(4‑溴苯基)(3‑苯基咪唑并[1,2‑a]吡啶‑2‑基)甲酮作为受体,通过引入合适的电子给体实现吸收和发射光谱的调节,构建给‑受体结构调控LUMO和HOMO能级,有利于平衡载流子的传输,有效降低空穴和电子的注入势垒。所述蒽衍生物具有非常扭曲的结构,可抑制分子间的π‑π堆积,提高荧光量子产率,能够用于制备发光材料和有机电致发光器件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机发光材料领域,更具体地,涉及一种蒽衍生物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
有机发光二极管(OLED)因其重量轻,柔软性好,工作温度范围宽,反应时间短,亮度和对比度高,可视角宽等优点,在平板显示、智能手机以及固体发光等领域有着巨大的应用潜力。
发光材料是OLED器件中承担发光的物质,因此发光材料的发光效率、发光寿命和发光颜色等性质都会对OLED器件的性能造成影响。作为OLED中的发光材料应该具备如下条件:1)具有高的荧光量子产率,无严重的聚集淬灭(ACQ)效应以保证高的器件效率;2)具有高的热稳定性和化学稳定性,确保通过化学沉积制备OLED器件时,发光物质不会与电极材料和载流子传输材料反应;3)容易形成致密的非晶态薄膜并且不易结晶;4)具有合适的能级以保证合适的发光波长;5)具有良好的导电特性及一定的载流子传输能力。
中国发明专利CN108586353A公开了一种基于蒽及其衍生物的有机发光材料及其制备方法和应用,该发明专利所述有机发光材料具有光谱可调,热稳定性好等特点,但其荧光量子产率最高仅为64.2%。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的是克服上述现有荧光量子产率不高的问题,提供一种蒽衍生物。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种蒽衍生物的制备方法。
本发明的进一步目的是提供所述蒽衍生物的应用。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种蒽衍生物,具有如下结构式:
式中,R选自如下结构式a~q中的一种:
本发明以蒽作为“桥梁”,以(4-溴苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮作为受体,蒽具有宽光学带隙、良好的热稳定性和易修饰等独特的性质,常用于构建蓝色发光材料。而(4-溴苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮具有刚性的平面构象,有助于通过降低激发态的非辐射跃迁来提高荧光量子产率。此外,蒽具有刚性平面π共轭和良好的π电子流迁移率,可以显著提高激发态的辐射跃迁速率和荧光量子产率。
优选地,R选自如下结构式:
本发明还提供一种蒽衍生物的制备方法,步骤如下:
S1.将溴代芳基、联硼酸频那醇酯、催化剂、溶剂混合,通过suzuki反应制得硼烷基芳基。
S2.将步骤S1制得的硼烷基芳基、(4-溴苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮、催化剂、溶剂混合,回流反应制得目标产物。
所述溴代芳基化合物的结构式为Ⅰ,所述硼烷基芳基化合物的结构式为Ⅱ:
优选地,步骤S1中,溴代芳基、联硼酸频那醇酯和催化剂摩尔比为(1.0~1.5):(1.5~3.0):(0.03~0.10)。
更优选地,步骤S1中,溴代芳基、联硼酸频那醇酯和催化剂摩尔比为1.0:2.0:0.05。
优选地,步骤S1中,所述催化剂选自双三苯基膦二氯化钯、醋酸钯、双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁二氯化钯中的一种或多种。
优选地,步骤S1中,suzuki反应温度为95~105℃,反应时间为12~36h。
更优选地,步骤S1中,suzuki反应温度为100℃,反应时间为24h。
优选地,步骤S1中,所述溶剂选自1,4-二氧六烷。
本发明所述suzuki反应在惰性气体中进行,所述惰性气体优选为氮气。
在本发明中,suzuki反应结束后还包括后处理,所述后处理依次为萃取、洗涤、干燥、浓缩、分离。具体为:suzuki反应完成后,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并三次萃取所得有机相,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,再减压浓缩有机相得到粗产品,最后用二氯甲烷与石油醚作为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱层析分离出目标产物。
优选地,步骤S2中,硼烷基芳基、(4-溴苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮和催化剂摩尔比为(1.0~1.5):(1.5~3.0):(0.03~0.10)。
更优选地,步骤S2中,硼烷基芳基、(4-溴苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮和催化剂摩尔比为1.0:2.0:0.05。
优选地,步骤S2中,所述催化剂选自四三苯基膦钯。
优选地,步骤S2中,所述溶剂为甲苯和无水乙醇的混合溶液,混合溶液中甲苯和乙醇的体积比为5:1。
优选地,步骤S2中,回流反应温度为90~100℃,反应时间为12~24h。
更优选地,步骤S2中,回流反应温度为95℃,反应时间为24h
本发明所述回流反应在惰性气体中进行。所述惰性气体优选为为氮气。
步骤S2回流反应结束后还包括后处理,所述后处理依次为冷却、萃取、干燥、浓缩、分离。具体为:将反应后的溶液冷却至室温后,所得混合液用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并三次萃取所得的有机相,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,再减压浓缩有机相得到粗产品,最后用二氯甲烷与石油醚作为洗脱剂进行硅胶柱层析分离出目标产物。
本发明还提供所述蒽衍生物在制备发光材料和有机电致发光器件中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供了一种蒽衍生物,所述蒽衍生物以(4-溴苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮作为受体,通过改变给体的给电子能力实现吸收和发射光谱的调节,构建给-受体结构调控LUMO和HOMO能级,有利于平衡载流子的传输,有效降低空穴和电子的注入势垒。所述蒽衍生物具有非常扭曲的结构,可抑制分子间的π-π堆积,提高荧光量子产率,能够用于制备发光材料和有机电致发光器件。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的化合物pipdAnCz的1HMNR图。
图2为实施例2制得的化合物pipdAnTPA的1HMNR图。
图3为实施例1制得的化合物pipdAnCz的质谱图。
图4为实施例2制得的化合物pipdAnTPA的质谱图。
图5为实施例1和2制备的化合物在甲苯溶液中的紫外可见吸收光谱图。
图6为实施例1和2制备的化合物在甲苯溶液中的荧光发射光谱图。
图7为实施例1和2制备的化合物在薄膜中的荧光发射光谱图。
图8为实施例1和2制备的化合物的循环伏安法图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚、完整的描述本发明的技术方案,以下通过具体实施例进一步详细说明本发明,应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明,可以在本发明权利限定的范围内进行各种改变。
如下实施例中,(4-溴苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮的制备可参考中国发明专利CN112645949A,也可按如下方法制备得到:
将查耳酮(1.15g,4mmol)、2-氨基吡啶(0.57g,6mmol)、乙酸铵(0.62g,8mmol)、催化剂碘(1g,4mmol),依次加入100mL二颈烧瓶,然后加入三氯甲烷(25mL),在75℃下搅拌反应12h后,用硫代硫酸钠(2g,8mmol)去除催化剂碘,再用二氯甲烷洗涤反应液,收集滤液进行减压蒸馏,获得黑色油状物,使用硅胶粉作固定相,石油醚/乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂,通过柱层析法获得0.72g的黄色粉末(产率48%);
合成路线如下:
如下实施例中,9-(4-(10-溴蒽-9-基)苯基)-9H-咔唑的制备可参考文献(Tailoring Excited State Properties and Energy Levels Arrangement via SubtleStructural Design on D-π-A Materials),也可按如下方法制备得到:
将9,10二溴蒽(2g,6mmol)、4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯硼酸(1.7g,6mmol)、四三苯基膦钯(0.35g,0.3mmol)依次加入250mL的颈烧瓶,将烧瓶在真空下抽空并在干燥氮气中置换三次,然后加入40mL甲苯、10mL无水乙醇和加入10mL饱和的K2CO3水溶液,在90℃下加热回流搅拌反应12小时,使用饱和食盐水和二氯甲烷萃取,减压蒸馏,获得黄色固体,使用硅胶粉作固定相,以石油醚/二氯甲烷为洗脱剂,通过柱层析法获得1.87g的淡黄色粉末(产率63%);
合成路线如下:
如下实施例中,4-(10-溴蒽-9-基)-N,N-二苯基苯胺的制备可参考文献(Tailoring Excited State Properties and Energy Levels Arrangement via SubtleStructural Design on D-π-A Materials),也可按如下方法制备得到:
将9,10二溴蒽(2g,6mmol)、4-硼酸三苯胺(1.7g,6mmol)、四三苯基膦钯(0.35g,0.3mmol)依次加入250mL的颈烧瓶,将烧瓶在真空下抽空并在干燥氮气中置换三次,然后加入40mL甲苯、10mL无水乙醇和加入10mL饱和的K2CO3水溶液,在90℃下加热回流搅拌反应12小时,使用饱和食盐水和二氯甲烷萃取,减压蒸馏,获得黄色固体,使用硅胶粉作固定相,以石油醚/二氯甲烷为洗脱剂,通过柱层析法获得1.83g的绿色粉末(产率61%);
合成路线如下:
实施例1
一种蒽衍生物,具有如下式所述分子结构,命名为pipdAnCz:
所述蒽衍生物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.9-(4-(10-硼烷基蒽-9-基)苯基)-9H-咔唑的制备:
将9-(4-(10-溴蒽-9-基)苯基)-9H-咔唑(1g,2mmol)、联硼酸频那醇酯(0.76g,3mmol)、乙酸钾(0.4g,4mmol)、双三苯基膦二氯化钯(0.07g,0.1mmol)依次加入100ml的二颈烧瓶中,将烧瓶在真空下抽空并在干燥氮气中置换三次,然后加入1,4-二氧六烷(30mL),在100℃下搅拌反应24h后,用饱和食盐水和二氯甲烷萃取,减压蒸馏,获得黑色固体,使用硅胶粉作固定相,石油醚/二氯甲烷为洗脱剂,通过柱层析法获得0.77g的白色粉末(产率71%);
合成路线如下:
S2.(4-(10-(4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)蒽-9-基)苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮(即目标产物pipdAnCz)的制备:
将9-(4-(10-硼烷基蒽-9-基)苯基)-9H-咔唑(0.55g,1mmol)、(4-溴苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮(0.45g,1.2mmol)、四三苯基膦钯(0.06g,0.05mmol)依次加入100mL的二颈烧瓶中,将烧瓶在真空下抽空并在干燥氮气中置换三次,然后加入25mL甲苯、5mL无水乙醇和5mL饱和的K2CO3溶液。在95℃下加热回流搅拌反应24小时,使用饱和食盐水和二氯甲烷萃取,减压蒸馏,获得黄色固体,使用硅胶粉作固定相,以石油醚/乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂,通过柱层析法获得0.46g的淡黄色粉末(产率65%);
合成路线如下:
实施例2
一种蒽衍生物,具有如下式所述分子结构,命名为pipdAnTPA:
所述蒽衍生物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.4-(10-硼烷基蒽-9-基)-N,N-二苯基苯胺的制备:
将4-(10-溴蒽-9-基)-N,N-二苯基苯胺(1g,2mmol)、联硼酸频那醇酯(0.76g,3mmol)、乙酸钾(0.4g,4mmol)、双三苯基膦二氯化钯(0.07g,0.1mmol)依次加入100ml的二颈烧瓶中,将烧瓶在真空下抽空并在干燥氮气中置换三次,然后加入1,4-二氧六烷(30mL),在100℃下搅拌反应24h后,用饱和食盐水和二氯甲烷萃取,减压蒸馏,获得黑色固体,使用硅胶粉作固定相,石油醚/二氯甲烷为洗脱剂,通过柱层析法获得0.84g的黄色粉末(产率77%);
合成路线如下:
S2.(4-(10-(4-(二苯氨基)苯基)蒽-9-基)苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮(即化合物pipdAnTPA)的制备:
将4-(10-硼烷基蒽-9-基)-N,N-二苯基苯胺(0.55g,1mmol)、(4-溴苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮(0.45g,1.2mmol)、四三苯基膦钯(0.06g,0.05mmol)依次加入100mL的二颈烧瓶中,将烧瓶在真空下抽空并在干燥氮气中置换三次,然后加入25mL甲苯、5mL无水乙醇和5mL饱和的K2CO3溶液。在95℃下加热回流搅拌反应24小时,使用饱和食盐水和二氯甲烷萃取,减压蒸馏,获得黄色固体,使用硅胶粉作固定相,以石油醚/乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂,通过柱层析法获得0.43g的黄色粉末(产率60%);
合成路线如下:
实施例3
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
实施例4
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
实施例5
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
实施例6
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
实施例7
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
实施例8
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
实施例9
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
实施例10
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
实施例11
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
实施例12
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
实施例13
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
实施例14
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
实施例15
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
实施例16
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
实施例17
本实施例提供一种蒽衍生物,其制备方法与实施例1类似,所述蒽衍生物分子结构式如下:
结构表征和性能测试
图1和图2分别为采用布鲁克400MHz超导核磁共振仪测试的分子pipdAnCz及pipdAnTPA氢谱,溶剂为氘代二甲基亚砜。
从图1可知,其特征波数(ppm)为1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ=8.36,8.34,8.33,8.31,8.28,8.26,7.93,7.91,7.86,7.84,7.82,7.79,7.77,7.69,7.67,7.66,7.64,7.64,7.62,7.60,7.59,7.59,7.57,7.56,7.55,7.54,7.52,7.50,7.38,7.36,7.35,7.07,波峰能与咔唑、蒽以及与吡啶并咪唑的芳环上的氢原子一一对应,数量合理,表明所述(4-(10-(4-(二苯氨基)苯基)蒽-9-基)苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮化合物结构单一,纯度高。
从图2可知,其特征波数(ppm)为1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ=8.34,8.32,7.78,7.77,7.76,7.64,7.63,7.60,7.58,7.56,7.52,7.50,7.49,7.49,7.48,7.43,7.41,7.39,7.37,7.35,7.24,7.23,7.22,7.21,7.15,7.13,波峰能与咔唑、蒽以及与吡啶并咪唑的芳环上的氢原子一一对应,数量合理,表明所述(4-(10-(4-(二苯氨基)苯基)蒽-9-基)苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮化合物结构单一,纯度高。
图3与图4分别为采用Thermo Fisher超高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱联用仪*/TSQ Endura测试的分子pipdAnCz及pipdAnTPA的质谱。蒽衍生物溶于二氯甲烷配成浓度为1mg/mL的溶液进行测试。从图3和图4可以看到,pipdAnCz及pipdAnTPA的相对分子质量为分别为716.33和718.27,与所合成的蒽衍生物的相对分子质量一致。
图5为岛津UV-2700紫外可见分光光度计测得的分子pipdAnCz及pipdAnTPA在甲苯溶液中的归一化吸收图谱。将蒽类衍生物溶于甲苯中配成1×10-3mol/L的母液,测试时,稀释成1×10-5mol/L。从图5可知,该蒽类衍生物中pipdAnCz及pipdAnTPA在358nm、377nm和397nm处都存在蒽的特征吸收。
图6为多功能光谱仪测得的分子pipdAnCz及pipdAnTPA在甲苯溶液中归一发射图谱。将蒽类衍生物溶于甲苯中配成1×10-3mol/L的母液,测试时,稀释成1×10-5mol/L。从图6可知,该蒽类衍生物中pipdAnCz及pipdAnTPA在甲苯溶液中最大发射波长分别为445nm和471nm,说明该蒽衍生物在甲苯溶液中都属于蓝光发射。
图7为爱丁堡FLS980在激发波长为397nm下测试所得分子pipdAnCz及pipdAnTPA的荧光发射图谱。如图7所示,其中pipdAnCz为(4-(10-(4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)蒽-9-基)苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮、pipdAnTPA为(4-(10-(4-(二苯氨基)苯基)蒽-9-基)苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮。该蒽衍生物溶于氯苯溶液配置成5mg/mL的浓度,在真空手套箱中取60μL涂敷于石英片。从图7可知,pipdAnCz,pipdAnTPA分子的最大发射峰分别为472nm和495nm,说明薄膜的发射与甲苯溶液中的发射相比有所红移,其中pipdAnCz薄膜属于蓝光发射,pipdAnTPA薄膜属于蓝绿光发射。
图8为瑞士万通PGSTAT 302N型高精度电化学工作站用循环伏安法所测得分子pipdAnCz及pipdAnTPA的氧化还原电位。如图8所示,其中pipdAnCz为(4-(10-(4-(9H-咔唑-9-基)苯基)蒽-9-基)苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮、pipdAnTPA为(4-(10-(4-(二苯氨基)苯基)蒽-9-基)苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮。从图8可知,pipdAnCz的pipdAnTPA都具有比较高的氧化电位,分别为1.215eV和0.907eV,说明其最高占据轨道比较高,有利于空穴和电子的注入传输,可用于真空蒸镀制作有机电致发光器件。
用爱丁堡FLS980在激发波长为397nm下测试实施例1~17所述蒽衍生物的荧光量子产率。测试结果见下表1。
表1
由表1可知,本发明以蒽作为“桥梁”,以(4-溴苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮作为受体,通过引入合适的给体制备得到的蒽衍生物具有较高的荧光量子产率。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
4.如权利要求3所述蒽衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中溴代芳基、联硼酸频那醇酯和催化剂摩尔比为(1.0~1.5):(1.5~3.0):(0.03~0.10)。
5.如权利要求3或4所述蒽衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述催化剂选自双三苯基膦二氯化钯、醋酸钯、双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁二氯化钯中的一种或多种。
6.如权利要求3所述蒽衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,suzuki反应温度为95~105℃,反应时间为12~36h。
7.如权利要求3所述蒽衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,硼烷基芳基、(4-溴苯基)(3-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-基)甲酮和催化剂摩尔比为(1.0~1.5):(1.5~3.0):(0.03~0.10)。
8.如权利要求3或7所述蒽衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述催化剂选自四三苯基膦钯。
9.如权利要求3所述蒽衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,回流反应温度为90~100℃,反应时间为12~24h。
10.权利要求1或2所述蒽衍生物在制备发光材料和有机电致发光器件中的应用。
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