CN113619221A - 一种用于气割作业的防火毯 - Google Patents

一种用于气割作业的防火毯 Download PDF

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CN113619221A
CN113619221A CN202110941127.3A CN202110941127A CN113619221A CN 113619221 A CN113619221 A CN 113619221A CN 202110941127 A CN202110941127 A CN 202110941127A CN 113619221 A CN113619221 A CN 113619221A
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heat
layer
gas cutting
metal heat
wires
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陈志鹏
王振国
杜耀东
陈岑凯
沈哲
夏恩亮
王京升
张松
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Sanmen Nuclear Power Co Ltd
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Sanmen Nuclear Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及安全防护用品技术领域，具体涉及一种用于气割作业的防火毯，包括沿着防火毯的厚度方向上依次设置的上表隔热层、金属导热层和下表隔热层；所述金属导热层为铜或铝的编织物构成或主要由铜或铝的编织物构成。本发明在两个隔热层之间设置了一个金属导热层，采用铜或铝丝编织而成。由于铜和铝具有很高的导热系数，该导热层能够将局部热量迅速扩散开来。因此，本发明提供的防火毯在厚度方向上具有良好的隔热能力的同时，在长度和宽度方向上具有良好的的热扩散能力，可以将在气割火焰施加在局部区域上的热量，沿面扩散开来，提高了防止局部烫伤的能力。

Description

一种用于气割作业的防火毯
技术领域
本发明涉及安全防护用品技术领域，具体涉及一种用于气割作业的防火毯，主要用于气割作业时对邻近设备的防护。
背景技术
在进行气割作业时，火焰尾部有可能吹扫到紧邻的设备，造成设备损坏，严重时引发安全事故。解决这个问题的直接方法是采用防火毯进行防护。
一项核电厂动火作业的危险性分析及研究工作表明，最为常见的高温易损设备为电缆和电气元件，原因为有机材料化学稳定的上限温度一般不超过120℃；因此需要防护的对象主要为电缆及其套管、电气设备的壳体、电缆桥架。有关的统计发现，单次氧乙炔切割作业最长工时间约为15min，平均时长为9min，火焰稳定地朝向某个方向的时间约为2.5min。通过实验测量，氧乙炔焰长度约为15cm，最宽处直径2cm，与邻近设备的最短距离为5cm至10cm；焰心温度约为2200℃，火焰射流携带混合周围空气，下游温度随距离增加而快速下降，但在5cm至10cm的距离上，温度仍可高达600℃至1100℃。
中国专利公开号CN210652116U公开了一种焊接防火毯，通过设有芳纶阻燃面料、玻璃纤维层和腈纶棉阻燃面料提升防火毯的阻燃性能。该防火毯的问题在于，其材料成分中包括较多有机物，短时间内就会被气割火焰烧蚀，并释放有毒气体。
中国专利公开号CN210472847U公开了一种施工用防火毯，主要由玻璃纤维纱线和碳纤维纱线经过机织而成；通过选用耐碱玻璃纤维纱线和碳纤维玻璃纱线编制而成，使该防火毯具有耐高温、耐高碱物质腐蚀，并且其抗冲击、抗拉强度极高，同时还不燃，能够起到良好的防火以及隔热作用。该防火毯用于建筑物防护，材料为防火无机纤维，可以用于阻挡气割火焰；但该材料在具有高隔热能力的同时，也具有较低的热扩散系数，在火焰稳定的加热点上，可以形成很高的局部高温，有可能穿透防火毯烫伤下面的设备。
可见，现有的防火毯的不足之处是对气割火焰局部加热情况的抵抗能力不足。
发明内容
本案的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种用于气割作业的防火毯，具有阻挡气割火焰并防止局部过热的能力。
为了解决上述技术问题，本案是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种用于气割作业的防火毯，包括沿着防火毯的厚度方向上依次设置的上表隔热层、金属导热层和下表隔热层，所述上表隔热层和所述下表隔热层均由无机防火纤维材料构成或以无机防火纤维为主体的材料构成；所述金属导热层为铜或铝的编织物构成或主要由铜或铝的编织物构成。
作为本发明的优选，所述金属导热层的厚度为1.5mm至3mm。
作为本发明的优选，所述金属导热层由金属导热线通过经纬编织而成，所述金属导热线为铜线或者铝线。
作为本发明的优选，所述金属导热线为多股铜线或者多股铝线两者的混合而形成。
作为本发明的优选，所述采用金属导热层平纹组织结构编织。
作为本发明的优选，所述上表隔热层和所述下表隔热层由无机防火纤维形成的隔热线通过经纬编织而成，且所述隔热线的外径大于所述金属导热线的外径。
作为本发明的优选，隔热线的外径为3mm至6mm，金属导热线的外径为1mm至2mm。
作为本发明的优选，所述上表隔热层和所述下表隔热层的厚度为2mm至10mm。
作为本发明的优选，所述无机防火纤维为陶瓷纤维、玻璃纤维、阻燃碳纤维、石棉纤维中的一种或其中几种的复合物。
作为本发明的优选，在所述上表隔热层之上涂覆有防火涂料层。
相比于现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明在两个隔热层之间设置了一个金属导热层，采用铜或铝丝编织而成。由于铜和铝具有很高的导热系数，该导热层能够将局部热量迅速扩散开来。因此，本发明提供的防火毯在厚度方向上具有良好的隔热能力的同时，在长度和宽度方向上具有良好的的热扩散能力，可以将在气割火焰施加在局部区域上的热量，沿面扩散开来，提高了防止局部烫伤的能力。
另外，防火毯具有良好的吸水能力，在使用前和使用过程中，用水喷洒令各层结构处于浸润状态，利用水受热蒸发能带走大量汽化热并将温度控制不超过100℃的特点，提高了针对电气设备的防护能力。
附图说明
图1为实施例1和实施例2的结构示意图；
图2为实施例3的结构示意图；
图3为实施例4的结构示意图。
以上附图中：
1为上表隔热层，2为金属导热层，3为下表隔热层，11为隔热线，12为金属导热线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本案产品的具体实施方式作详细描述：
本案提供了多种形式的防火毯，它们都遵循一个基本原理，如图1所示：空间上，主要由三层结构构成：上表隔热层1、下表隔热层3和夹在中间的金属导热层2。
上表隔热层1和下表隔热层3由无机防火纤维、或以无机防火纤维为主体的材料构成；无机防火纤维包括陶瓷纤维、玻璃纤维、阻燃碳纤维、石棉纤维和它们的复合物。
金属导热层2为铜或铝的编织物、或主要由铜或铝的编织物构成。
防火毯的面积在0.25平方米至1.0平方米中选取。可以单块单独使用，也可多块叠加使用。在使用时，可以将水均匀喷洒在防火毯表面，浸润各层结构。
实施例1
一种用于气割作业的防火毯，如图1所示：主要由三层结构构成，包括上表隔热层1、下表隔热层3和夹在中间的金属导热层2。上表隔热层1和下表隔热层3为无机防火纤维布；金属导热层2为铝线编织层；采用不锈钢线缝合或不锈钢钉钉合（类似纸箱打钉）。
上表隔热层1、下表隔热层3可以在硅酸铝纤维毡、阻燃碳纤维复合材料织物或无纺布、玻璃纤维毡中选取；其厚度在2mm至10mm之间选取，本实施例优选为6mm。金属导热层2的厚度在1.5mm至3mm之间选取，本实施例优选为3mm。不锈钢线或钉的材料为奥氏体不锈钢（具有良好的抗气割能力）。
实施例2
一种用于气割作业的防火毯，如图1所示：类似三层复合织物，主要由三层组织构成，即经向和纬向分别采用三个不同系统的线交织而成，将三个单层编织物接结在一起，成为一个整体。其上表经、上表纬、下表经、下表纬均采用隔热线，构成上表隔热层1和下表隔热层3，中经和中纬采用金属导热线，构成金属导热层2。
典型地，三层组织均采用平纹组织，隔热线由硅酸铝纤维捻制,轮廓外径为3mm。金属导热线由7股0.2平方毫米铜丝构成。
实施例3
一种用于气割作业的防火毯，如图2所示：为一种单层平纹组织结构，经纬线的形式均为隔热线11、金属导热线12交替出现的形式。其中，隔热线11由防火纤维捻制，金属导热线12为多股细铜线结构。相对于金属导热线12，隔热线11具有较大的轮廓外径（注：附图2中上半部分的顶视图中，为方便表达织物结构，隔热线11的外径采用了和金属导热线12相同的外径）。
典型地，隔热线11由硅酸铝纤维或石棉纤维捻制，轮廓外径为3mm，金属导热线12由7股0.2平方毫米铜丝构成。
通过紧凑的编织，隔热线11的主要体积体占据防火毯的上下两面。从织造结构上看，这是一个单层结构，但从空间物体分布看，形成一个三层结构，占据防火毯的上下两面的隔热线11的线体构成上表隔热层1和下表隔热层3，夹在中间的金属导热线12构成金属导热层2。
另外，优选地，经纬线相互沉浮的规律可以调整，形成类似斜纹组织或缎纹组织结构，同时隔热线11、金属导热线12出现的周期也可以调整。
更加优选地，可以在上表隔热层1之上涂覆一层防火涂料，用于填补空隙，防止金属导热线12暴露在火焰下。
实施例4
一种用于气割作业的防火毯，如图3所示：为一种基本组织结构，经纬线的形式均为隔热线11、金属导热线12交替出现的形式。隔热线11和邻近的一根金属导热线12遵循相同的沉浮规则。其中，隔热线11由防火纤维捻制，金属导热线12为多股细铝线结构。相对于金属导热线12，隔热线11具有较大的轮廓外径（注：附图3中上半部分的顶视图中，为方便表达织物结构，隔热线11的外径采用了和金属导热线12相同的外径）。
隔热线11的轮廓外径可以在4mm至8mm中选取，金属导热线12的轮廓外径可以在2mm至3mm中选取。典型地，隔热线11由无机防火纤维捻制，轮廓外径为5mm，金属导热线12由7股0.5平方毫米铝丝构成。
可以看到，所有金属导热线12自身单独构成一个平纹组织结构，是一个稳定的框架，可以承载隔热线11，后者施放长度冗余保持松弛状态不会影响整体结构稳定性。通过紧凑的编织，并对隔热线11的施放冗长，隔热线11的主要体积体占据防火毯的上下两面。从织造结构上看，这是一个单层结构，但从空间物体分布看，形成一个三层结构，占据防火毯的上下两面的隔热线11的线体构成上表隔热层1和下表隔热层3，夹在中间的金属导热线12构成金属导热层2。
另外，经纬线相互沉浮的规律可以调整，形成类似斜纹组织或缎纹组织结构，但需要确保金属导热线12自身单独构成一个基本组织结构，特别是一个平纹结构。
另外，由于金属导热线12自身单独构成一个稳定的结构，隔热线可仅出现在经向或纬向的其中一向，这有利于简化编织工艺。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于气割作业的防火毯，其特征在于，包括沿着防火毯的厚度方向上依次设置的上表隔热层、金属导热层和下表隔热层，所述上表隔热层和所述下表隔热层均由无机防火纤维材料构成或以无机防火纤维为主体的材料构成；所述金属导热层为铜或铝的编织物构成或主要由铜或铝的编织物构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于气割作业的防火毯，其特征在于，所述金属导热层的厚度为1.5mm至3mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于气割作业的防火毯，其特征在于，所述金属导热层由金属导热线通过经纬编织而成，所述金属导热线为铜线或者铝线。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于气割作业的防火毯，其特征在于，所述金属导热线为多股铜线或者多股铝线两者的混合而形成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于气割作业的防火毯，其特征在于，所述采用金属导热层平纹组织结构编织。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于气割作业的防火毯，其特征在于，所述上表隔热层和所述下表隔热层由无机防火纤维形成的隔热线通过经纬编织而成，且所述隔热线的外径大于所述金属导热线的外径。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种用于气割作业的防火毯，其特征在于，隔热线的外径为3mm至6mm，金属导热线的外径为1mm至2mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于气割作业的防火毯，其特征在于，所述上表隔热层和所述下表隔热层的厚度为2mm至10mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于气割作业的防火毯，其特征在于，所述无机防火纤维为陶瓷纤维、玻璃纤维、阻燃碳纤维、石棉纤维中的一种或其中几种的复合物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于气割作业的防火毯，其特征在于，在所述上表隔热层之上涂覆有防火涂料层。
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0508773A2 (en) * 1991-04-10 1992-10-14 Jactone Products Limited Fire barrier material
CN102785425A (zh) * 2012-08-16 2012-11-21 东华大学 一种金属丝格栅间隔的增强隔热复合膜及其用途
CN102785426A (zh) * 2012-08-16 2012-11-21 东华大学 金属丝格栅衬多层隔热复合膜织物、制备方法及用途
CN102815046A (zh) * 2012-08-16 2012-12-12 东华大学 一种金属丝包芯纱格栅间隔的增强隔热复合膜及其用途

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0508773A2 (en) * 1991-04-10 1992-10-14 Jactone Products Limited Fire barrier material
CN102785425A (zh) * 2012-08-16 2012-11-21 东华大学 一种金属丝格栅间隔的增强隔热复合膜及其用途
CN102785426A (zh) * 2012-08-16 2012-11-21 东华大学 金属丝格栅衬多层隔热复合膜织物、制备方法及用途
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