CN113618246B - Endoscopic surgical instrument with easy-to-recognize and anti-adhesion functions and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Endoscopic surgical instrument with easy-to-recognize and anti-adhesion functions and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
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- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical group [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002674 endoscopic surgery Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention relates to an endoscopic surgical instrument and a processing method thereof, wherein a two-stage micro-nano composite structure is prepared on the surface of the endoscopic surgical instrument, a first-stage structure is a micron island-shaped protruding structure with the size of 1-3 mu m, a second-stage structure is distributed on the surface of the first-stage structure, and the second-stage structure consists of periodic stripes with the width of 400-600nm and the height of 300-700nm or consists of array protrusions with the height of 400-600 nm. The micro-nano structure is prepared on the surface of the endoscopic surgical instrument by the pulse laser processing method, so that the functions of light absorption and antibody liquid adhesion on the surface of the instrument are endowed, the problem of difficult surgical operation caused by light reflection and body liquid adhesion can be effectively avoided, and the positioning accuracy and the operation stability in the surgical robot operation can be particularly improved. Meanwhile, the pulse laser processing technology only relates to physical processing, and the introduction of a chemical coating is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material surface treatment, and relates to an endoscopic surgical instrument, in particular to an endoscopic surgical instrument with an easily-identifiable and liquid adhesion resistant functional structure under an endoscope and a physical processing method thereof.
Background
Unlike conventional surgical procedures, which involve surgical treatment performed under endoscopic observation, endoscopic procedures do not require an incision, and various endoscopic instruments such as biopsy forceps, guide wires, scalpels, scissors, forceps and the like can be placed through an endoscopic biopsy channel to perform the treatment, and thus have the advantages of small wound, rapid patient recovery, low risk and simple operation, and thus are attracting attention. Endoscopic procedures are now used in applications such as internal hemorrhage hemostasis, polypectomy, enterostenosis dilation, vasodilation, in vivo tumor resection, and the like.
Because of the characteristics of the endoscopic surgery, the instruments used in the endoscopic surgery are completely different from the traditional surgical instruments and are special surgical instruments. However, current endoscopic surgical instruments present several general problems that can affect the endoscopic surgical procedure. Firstly, a plurality of stainless steel materials such as a clamp holder, a scalpel, a surgical scissors, a surgical forceps and the like used in an endoscopic surgery have metallic luster on the surface, so that the phenomenon of light reflection is easy to occur under the endoscope, and the observation of an operator in the surgery is influenced.
In addition, various body fluids such as blood, tissue fluid and the like are easy to adhere to the surface of the surgical instrument in the endoscopic surgery, so that the identification degree under the endoscope can be reduced, and the postoperative blood pollution is easy to cause. Finally, with the development of artificial intelligence and automation technology, surgical robots have also played a role in more endoscopic surgery, but the strong reflection of metallic luster can seriously affect the image recognition of the surgical position by the robot, limiting the development of the technology.
Aiming at the problem of reflection of the surgical instrument, the prior art reduces the reflectivity of the needle body to visible light by preparing a chemical coating blackened surgical instrument on the surface, so that the needle body is easier to identify under an endoscope, but the direct contact chemical processing method has serious environmental pollution problem, has poor binding force between the coating and a substrate, and is easy to fall off during operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high light reflectivity and no liquid adhesion resistance of the existing endoscopic surgical instrument, and provides a surface processing method with light absorption and liquid adhesion resistance, which is suitable for endoscopic surgery.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
in order to solve the defects of the existing endoscopic surgical instruments, the invention provides a physical structure with low reflectivity and anti-liquid adhesion function, which is prepared on the surface of a metal instrument by using pulse laser to carry out surface treatment on the surface of the instrument. The micro-nano structure is formed by overlapping structures with two levels of sizes. Wherein the first level structure is a micron island-shaped protruding structure with the size of 1-3 mu m, the second level structure is distributed on the surface of the first level structure, and the second level structure consists of periodic stripes with the width of 400-600nm and the height of 300-700nm or array protrusions with the height of 400-600 nm.
The non-contact physical processing method of the micro-nano structure on the surface of the surgical instrument is pulse laser processing. The pulse laser parameters and the processing technology are as follows: the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse energy is 5-8W, the pulse width is about 200f, the pulse frequency is 1k-10kHz, the processing speed is 1-5mm/s, the light spot size is about 50 μm, and the scanning line spacing is 30-40 μm.
The rough micro-nano structure enables light rays entering the micro-nano structure to be refracted, reflected and scattered for multiple times among micro-nano stripe, protuberance and other structures, so that the optical path is effectively increased, the absorption of the light on the surface of the material is increased, and the reflectivity of the surface of the surgical instrument to the light is reduced. By regulating and controlling the parameters and the process of laser processing, micro-nano structures with different sizes can be constructed on the surface of the surgical instrument, so that the surface of the surgical instrument has different absorbance and reflectance so as to adapt to different clinical requirements. Meanwhile, the micro-nano structure effectively reduces the surface energy of the surgical instrument, so that the surgical instrument with the micro-nano structure has the function of resisting liquid adhesion, ensures that the surgical instrument is easy to identify under an endoscope in operation, and avoids body fluid pollution after operation.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the micro-nano structure is prepared on the surface of the endoscopic surgical instrument by the pulse laser processing method, so that the functions of light absorption and liquid adhesion resistance are given to the surface of the instrument, the problem of difficult surgical operation caused by light reflection and liquid adhesion can be effectively avoided, and the positioning accuracy and the operation stability in the surgical robot operation can be particularly improved. Meanwhile, the pulse laser processing technology only relates to physical processing, so that the introduction of a chemical coating is avoided, the pulse laser processing technology does not conflict with the existing endoscopic surgical instrument production process, and the difficulty of registering and approving related implant products can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a micro-nano structure diagram formed on the surface of an electrotome for endoscopic surgery by pulse laser processing, wherein a is a first-stage structure, and b is a second-stage structure;
FIG. 2 is a graph of reflectance versus visible wavelength for a smooth surface of an electrosurgical knife for endoscopic surgery and a surface with a micro-nano composite structure prepared according to the method and process of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing wettability of a smooth surface of an electrosurgical knife with a micro-nanostructure surface, wherein a is the smooth surface and b is the micro-nanostructure surface;
fig. 4 is an SEM image of the two-stage structure of the argon knife surface of example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting in any way.
Example 1
The conventional endoscope scalpel is completely different from the conventional surgical operation, and due to the observation and operation space limitation of the endoscope operation, the conventional scalpel cannot be used for operations such as excision in the endoscope operation, so that the conventional scalpel in the endoscope operation is a high-frequency electrotome. The knife edge of the scalpel is an elongated metal electrode, and high-frequency high-voltage electricity is applied to the electrode after the electrode is electrified to generate high temperature at the same time, so that contacted tissues are separated, and the heating effect of the scalpel is beneficial to rapid hemostasis, so that the scalpel is widely used in endoscopic surgery.
In the embodiment, a micro-nano structure is prepared on the surface of the electrotome by a femtosecond laser processing method, so that the surface is blackened and has the antibacterial effect. The specific surface treatment steps are as follows:
a cylindrical electric heating surgical knife with the size of 0.3mm in diameter and 1.5mm in length is fixed on a four-axis processing platform. The processing platform consists of a X, Y axis in the horizontal direction and a Z axis in the vertical direction, and a C axis rotating around the axial direction, and can be used for processing the surface of a cylindrical sample. The processing technology comprises the following steps: the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse energy is 6W, the pulse width is about 200f, the pulse frequency is 10kHz, the processing speed is 1mm/s, the light spot size is about 50 mu m, and the scanning line spacing is 40 mu m. The laser spot moves around the axis of the electrotome, after a circle of scanning is completed, the laser spot moves 40 mu m along the axial direction and continues to rotate around the axis, so that the laser spot reciprocates, the whole surface is scanned, and a two-stage micro-nano structure is induced on the surface of the instrument once. The prepared structure is shown in figure 1, the first-stage structure is a micron island-shaped protruding structure with the size of about 2 mu m, the second-stage structure is distributed on the surface of the first-stage structure, and the second-stage structure consists of periodic stripes with the width of about 500nm and the height of about 400 nm.
And cleaning, sterilizing and packaging after the processing is finished.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example compares the reflectance and wettability of visible light of a smooth surface and a surface having a micro-nano structure. Wherein the smooth surface was prepared by mechanical polishing, a surface structure with micro-nano structure was prepared according to the method and process of example 1.
The reflectivity of the two surfaces to visible light is measured by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and the measurement range is 400-800nm. The measured visible light reflection spectrums of the two surfaces are shown as figure 2, and compared with a mechanically polished surface, the surface with the micro-nano structure has lower reflectivity to visible light in the wavelength range of 400-800nm, and has obvious light absorption effect.
The wettability test results of the two surfaces are shown in fig. 3, wherein the contact angle of the surface with the micro-nano structure is 144+ -3 DEG, and the contact angle of the mechanically polished surface is about 72+ -5 deg. Compared with a mechanically polished surface, the surface with the micro-nano structure has lower surface energy and can effectively resist liquid adhesion.
Example 2
Unlike high frequency electric knife, the argon knife is not directly electrified and heated by the scalpel to cut tissue, but is used for spraying ionized argon to the position to be cut after the scalpel is sent to the operation position and burning the lesion position to cut, so that the argon knife is particularly important for identifying and controlling the position of the scalpel in operation. The argon knife is also subjected to surface treatment by using a femtosecond laser surface treatment method, and the specific steps are as follows:
a cylindrical argon knife with a size of 0.5mm in diameter and 2.2mm in length was fixed on a four-axis machining platform. The processing platform consists of a X, Y shaft in the horizontal direction, a Z shaft in the vertical direction and a C shaft rotating around the axial direction, and can be used for processing the surface of the cylindrical argon knife. The laser spot moves around the axis of the electric knife, and after one circle of scanning is completed, the laser spot moves 40 mu m along the axial direction and continues to rotate around the axis, so that the laser spot reciprocates and scans the whole surface. The processing technology comprises the following steps: the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse energy is 8W, the pulse width is about 200f, the pulse frequency is 1kHz, the processing speed is 1mm/s, the light spot size is about 50 mu m, and the scanning line spacing is 40 mu m. As shown in FIG. 4, the obtained structure is a two-stage micro-nano structure, wherein the first-stage structure is a micro-island-shaped protrusion structure with the size of 2-30 μm, the second-stage structure is distributed on the surface of the first-stage structure, and the second-stage structure is formed by array needle-shaped protrusions with the size of about 10-40 nm.
And cleaning, sterilizing and packaging after the processing is finished.
Example 3
The endoscope surgical scissors are mainly used in suturing, and most of the scissors are direct scissors. The specific surface treatment and preparation method is as follows:
first, a surface of one side of the surgical scissors is processed. The surgical scissors are fixed on a triaxial processing platform, and the knife edge surface is perpendicular to the laser direction. The triaxial translation stage is composed of a X, Y axis in the horizontal direction and a Z axis in the vertical direction. And adjusting the laser processing technology, moving the axis of the translation stage X, Y to enable the laser to scan the whole blade part, wherein the movement path of the laser spot is perpendicular to the surface direction of the surgical scissors. The laser technology is as follows: the processing technology comprises the following steps: the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse energy is 5W, the pulse width is about 200f, the pulse frequency is 5kHz, the processing speed is 3mm/s, the light spot size is about 50 mu m, and the scanning line spacing is 50 mu m. The obtained structure is a two-stage micro-nano structure, wherein the first-stage structure is a micron island-shaped protruding structure with the size of about 3 mu m, the second-stage structure is distributed on the surface of the first-stage structure, and the second-stage structure is formed by array protrusions with the size of 200-400 nm. The scissors are turned over, and the other side surface is processed by the same process and method as the step 1.
The obtained structure is a two-stage micro-nano structure, wherein the first-stage structure is a micron island-shaped protruding structure with the size of about 1 mu m, the second-stage structure is distributed on the surface of the first-stage structure, and the second-stage structure is formed by a periodic stripe structure with the width of about 600 nm.
And cleaning, sterilizing and packaging the processed scissors.
Example 4
The embodiment treats the surface of the guide wire for the endoscopic surgery by a femtosecond laser processing method, and comprises the following specific steps:
1. and fixing the two ends of the guide wire on a rotatable processing platform, and keeping a straightened state.
2. The laser spot moves around the axis of the guide wire, and after one circle of scanning is completed, the laser spot moves 45 mu m along the axial direction and continues to rotate around the shaft, and the laser spot reciprocates in this way, and the whole guide wire surface is scanned. The processing technology comprises the following steps: the wavelength of light is 1064nm, the pulse energy is 5W, the pulse width is about 200f, the pulse frequency is 10kHz, the processing speed is 3mm/s, the spot size is about 50 mu m, and the scanning line spacing is 45 mu m. The obtained structure is a two-stage micro-nano structure, the first-stage structure is a micron island-shaped protruding structure with the size of about 2 mu m, the second-stage structure is distributed on the surface of the first-stage structure, and the second-stage structure consists of periodic stripes with the width of about 550nm and the height of about 300 nm.
And cleaning, sterilizing and packaging after the processing is finished.
Example 5
The embodiment treats the surface of the hemostatic forceps for the endoscopic surgery by a femtosecond laser processing method, and comprises the following specific steps:
1. firstly, one side of the operation hemostatic forceps is processed. The hemostatic forceps are fixed on a triaxial processing platform, and the surface of the hemostatic forceps is perpendicular to the laser direction. The triaxial translation stage is composed of a X, Y axis in the horizontal direction and a Z axis in the vertical direction. The laser processing technology is adjusted, and the axis of the translation stage X, Y is moved, so that the laser scans the front end of one side of the whole surgical forceps. The laser technology is as follows: the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse energy is 7W, the pulse width is about 200f, the pulse frequency is 2kHz, the processing speed is 2mm/s, the light spot size is about 50 mu m, and the scanning line spacing is 50 mu m. The prepared structure is shown in figure 1, the first-stage structure is a micron island-shaped protruding structure with the size of about 3 mu m, the second-stage structure is distributed on the surface of the first-stage structure, and the second-stage structure consists of periodic stripes with the width of about 600nm and the height of about 600 nm.
2. The hemostatic forceps are turned over and the other side is processed by the same process and method as in step 2.
3. And cleaning, sterilizing and packaging the processed hemostatic forceps.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. An endoscopic surgical instrument, characterized by: the surface of the endoscope surgical instrument is provided with a functional structure which is easy to identify and adhere to antibody liquid under the endoscope, the functional structure is a two-stage micro-nano composite structure, wherein the first-stage structure is a micro-island protruding structure with the size of 1-3 mu m, the second-stage structure is distributed on the surface of the first-stage structure and consists of periodic stripes with the width of 400-600nm and the height of 300-700nm or consists of array protrusions with the height of 400-600nm, the two-stage micro-nano composite structure enables light rays entering the endoscope surgical instrument to have multiple refraction, reflection and scattering between the micro-nano stripes and the protruding structures so as to effectively increase the optical path, the absorption of the light on the surface of the material is increased, and the reflectivity of the surface of the surgical instrument to the light is reduced; the endoscopic surgical instrument is a high-frequency electrotome, and the pulse laser processing parameters are as follows: the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse energy is 6W, the pulse width is 200f, the pulse frequency is 10kHz, the processing speed is 1mm/s, the light spot size is 50 mu m, the scanning line interval is 40 mu m, the laser light spot moves around the axis of the electrotome, after one circle of scanning is completed, the laser light spot moves along the axial direction by 40 mu m, and continues to rotate around the axis, so that the laser light spot reciprocates, the whole surface is scanned, a two-stage micro-nano structure is induced on the surface of the instrument once, the first-stage structure is a micron island-shaped protruding structure with the size of 2 mu m, the second-stage structure is distributed on the surface of the first-stage structure, and the second-stage structure consists of periodic stripes with the width of 500nm and the height of 400 nm; the endoscopic surgical instrument is an argon knife, and the pulse laser processing parameters are as follows: the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse energy is 8W, the pulse width is 200f, the pulse frequency is 1kHz, the processing speed is 1mm/s, the light spot size is 50 mu m, the scanning line distance is 40 mu m, the obtained structure is a two-stage micro-nano structure, the first-stage structure is a micro island-shaped protruding structure with the size of 1.5 mu m, the second-stage structure is distributed on the surface of the first-stage structure, and the second-stage structure is formed by array protrusions with the size of 500 nm; the endoscopic surgical instrument is an endoscopic surgical scissors, and the specific surface treatment and preparation method comprises the following steps: fix the surgical scissors on triaxial processing platform, the knife edge face is perpendicular with the laser direction, and laser parameters set as: the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse energy is 5W, the pulse width is 200f, the pulse frequency is 5kHz, the processing speed is 3mm/s, the light spot size is 50 mu m, the scanning line distance is 50 mu m, the obtained structure is a two-stage micro-nano structure, the first-stage structure is a micro island-shaped protruding structure with the size of 3 mu m, the second-stage structure is distributed on the surface of the first-stage structure, and the second-stage structure is formed by array protrusions with the size of 200-400 nm; the endoscopic surgical instrument is a guide wire, and comprises the following specific steps: fixing two ends of a guide wire on a rotatable processing platform, and keeping a straightened state; the laser spot moves around the axis of the guide wire, after a circle of scanning is completed, the laser spot moves 45 mu m along the axial direction and continues to rotate around the shaft, the laser spot reciprocates in this way, the whole guide wire surface is scanned, and the laser parameters are set as follows: the wavelength of light is 1064nm, the pulse energy is 5W, the pulse width is 200f, the pulse frequency is 10kHz, the processing speed is 3mm/s, the light spot size is 50 mu m, the scanning line distance is 45 mu m, the obtained structure is a two-stage micro-nano structure, the first-stage structure is a micro island-shaped protruding structure with the size of 2 mu m, the second-stage structure is distributed on the surface of the first-stage structure, and the second-stage structure consists of periodic stripes with the width of 550nm and the height of 300 nm; the endoscopic surgical instrument is a hemostatic forceps, and the laser processing parameters are as follows: the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse energy is 7W, the pulse width is 200f, the pulse frequency is 2kHz, the processing speed is 2mm/s, the light spot size is 50 mu m, the scanning line interval is 50 mu m, the first-stage structure is a micron island-shaped protruding structure with the size of 3 mu m, the second-stage structure is distributed on the surface of the first-stage structure, and the second-stage structure consists of periodic stripes with the width of 600nm and the height of 600 nm;
by regulating and controlling the parameters and the process of laser processing, micro-nano structures with different sizes can be constructed on the surface of the surgical instrument, so that the surface of the surgical instrument has different absorbance and reflectance so as to adapt to different clinical requirements.
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| CN101380693A (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2009-03-11 | 南开大学 | Micro-nano structure preparation method on metallic material surface using femtosecond laser |
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| CN112294640A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-02 | 河北工业大学 | Acupuncture needle with micro-nano surface structure |
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| US20190319152A1 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2019-10-17 | University Of Rochester | Super-hydrophobic surfaces and methods for producing super-hydrophobic surfaces |
| TWI469762B (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2015-01-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Electrosurgical unit with micro/nano structures and the manufacturing method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101380693A (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2009-03-11 | 南开大学 | Micro-nano structure preparation method on metallic material surface using femtosecond laser |
| CN109128512A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-04 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of micro-nano self-organizing structures and preparation method in stainless steel surface preparation |
| CN112294640A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-02 | 河北工业大学 | Acupuncture needle with micro-nano surface structure |
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| CN113618246A (en) | 2021-11-09 |
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