CN113617798A - Harmless treatment system for organic solid waste incineration fly ash - Google Patents
Harmless treatment system for organic solid waste incineration fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN113617798A CN113617798A CN202110880030.6A CN202110880030A CN113617798A CN 113617798 A CN113617798 A CN 113617798A CN 202110880030 A CN202110880030 A CN 202110880030A CN 113617798 A CN113617798 A CN 113617798A
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- fly ash
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention relates to incineration fly ash treatment technology in the field of organic solid waste treatment, in particular to a fly ash harmless treatment system which is mainly divided into four parts, namely a fly ash acid leaching system, an elution system of a fly ash and acid leaching liquid mixture, a wet fly ash washing and drying system and a heavy metal filtrate electrodialysis concentration system. The leaching rate of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu in the fly ash treated by the fly ash harmless treatment system is higher than 96%, so that the complicated treatment process is reduced, the operation is convenient, and the cost of wastewater treatment is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to incineration fly ash treatment technology in the field of organic solid waste treatment, in particular to a fly ash harmless treatment system.
Background
Along with the rapid development of social economy, the urban domestic garbage is increased day by day, and at present, the treatment modes of bulk organic solid wastes such as domestic garbage, sludge and the like in China mainly comprise incineration, landfill and composting. The incineration is a main mode for treating a large amount of organic solid wastes in China, and the method has the advantages of small occupied area, centralized treatment, obvious reduction effect, waste heat recycling and the like, and has higher economic benefit and environmental benefit.
The fly ash is dangerous waste after burning organic solid waste such as garbage, sludge and the like, and the fly ash generated by burning accounts for 3-5% of the total amount of the garbage. The fly ash contains a plurality of secondary pollutants such as heavy metals with over-standard leaching toxicity, trace dioxin, fine particulate matters of flue gas, some soluble salts and the like, and more than 80 percent of the heavy metals are enriched in the fly ash after the garbage is burnt, so that the fly ash cannot be directly buried. The fly ash has high content of Cu, Pb and Zn of heavy metals, so the fly ash needs to be subjected to harmless treatment, and particularly the heavy metals such as Cu, Pb and Zn with excessive leaching toxicity are treated.
There are two kinds of methods for treating heavy metal in fly ash at home and abroad, the first is to solidify and stabilize heavy metal by adding related chemical reagents or stabilizing substances, and the second is to leach heavy metal in fly ash by adding leaching liquid to extract heavy metal in fly ash. The first type of fly ash treatment method only stabilizes heavy metals in fly ash, which can be leached out again after long-term solidification to cause environmental hazards. The second type of fly ash treatment method can leach heavy metals from fly ash, but needs to treat heavy metals in the leachate.
In the present domestic fly ash treatment technical achievements, the method mainly comprises the following steps: (1) a system for removing heavy metals in fly ash from domestic garbage incineration (patent number: CN 212285279U) solves the problem that the fly ash from domestic garbage incineration reduces the content of heavy metals in the fly ash, and provides a basis for the follow-up resource utilization of the fly ash. The principle is that fly ash enters a closed reaction kettle, leaching liquor, fly ash and water in the reaction kettle are mixed, a proper pressure and solid-liquid ratio is selected for leaching, and subsequent treatment is carried out through a tail gas absorption tank, a delivery pump and dehydration equipment. The system is characterized in that a closed reaction kettle of the system comprises a tail gas absorption tank and an ultrasonic vibration device, which is beneficial to treating tail gas, the fly ash treatment system separates heavy metal in fly ash into solution, the concentration of the heavy metal in the fly ash is reduced to a great extent, and the treated fly ash meets the requirement that the leaching concentration of the heavy metal meets the standard. (2) A microwave hydrothermal method is applied to a harmless co-processing method of fly ash and electroplating wastewater (patent number: CN 112090923A), the invention relates to a fly ash and electroplating wastewater co-processing method, after fly ash pretreatment, electroplating wastewater is added according to a proper proportion, microwave heating reaction is carried out for 1-2h at the temperature of 200-250 ℃, waste liquid obtained by reaction is discharged as household garbage, and obtained waste solid is dried and reused as an adsorbent. The method is characterized in that the fly ash and the electroplating wastewater are treated together by microwave heating, the removal efficiency of various heavy metals in the electroplating wastewater is as high as 99%, the degradation rate of dioxin is more than 93%, the related toxicity of the fly ash is far lower than the landfill standard of domestic garbage, and the aim of treating the fly ash and the electroplating wastewater simultaneously is fulfilled. (3) A method for removing heavy metals and dioxin from incineration fly ash (patent No. CN 200510044751.4) comprises smelting incineration fly ash with a molten pool smelting device, performing cyclone separation on the flue gas obtained after the smelting treatment, separating smoke dust and purified tail gas, conveying the generated smoke dust to a smelting device, and separating metal phase and molten slag by gravity. The method is characterized in that heavy metals are removed by smelting, slag and the heavy metals are separated, dioxin in fly ash is also decomposed at high temperature, flue gas generated by melting can be used for waste heat recovery, slag is used as construction waste for comprehensive treatment and the like, and the converted metal phase is recycled, so that the fly ash is subjected to harmless and recycling treatment while the heavy metals and the dioxin are removed. (4) A waste incineration fly ash water washing and waste water treatment system (patent number: CN 212610080U) is used for carrying out three-stage water washing on waste incineration fly ash, wherein the water content of the fly ash after the three-stage water washing is 30% -40%, the content of the fly ash after the chlorine salt treatment is less than 1%, an electrochemical treatment device is used for treating waste water after the fly ash water washing, and heavy metals and calcium and magnesium ions are precipitated and separated through electrolysis; the method is characterized in that the chlorine content in the fly ash is reduced to less than 1% by adopting a water washing method, and sodium salt and potassium salt in the fly ash water washing wastewater are removed by an electrolysis method, so that the treatment cost is reduced, and the use of chemical reagents is reduced.
The fly ash treatment technology and the treatment method have certain efficiency and feasibility, and can treat fly ash with higher efficiency. However, the treatment process of the fly ash leaching wastewater is not specified in patent (1). The microwave hydrothermal method in the patent (2) only stabilizes the heavy metals in the fly ash, and the heavy metals may be leached again to cause environmental hazard after long-time solidification; the melting of the patent (3) needs a large amount of fuel such as coal gas, natural gas, gasoline, heavy oil and the like, and the cost is high; patent (4) carries out multiunit washing processing to the flying ash processing, and multiunit electrolysis, the process is loaded down with trivial details, and the electrolysis time is restricted moreover, uses for a long time and can cause electrode corrosion. If the heavy metals in the fly ash eluent can be concentrated without using fuel and reducing the complicated process, the cost of fly ash treatment can be greatly saved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the harmless treatment system for the fly ash from the incineration of the organic solid waste, the leaching rate of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu in the fly ash is higher than 96%, the complicated treatment process is reduced, the operation is convenient, and the cost of wastewater treatment is greatly reduced.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an organic solid waste incineration fly ash innocent treatment system comprises:
(1) a fly ash acid leaching system: including stirring formula reation kettle and leaching solution storage storehouse, leaching solution storage storehouse intercommunication stirring formula reation kettle.
(2) An elution system: the device comprises a horizontal spiral sedimentation type centrifuge and an eluent storage bin, wherein the horizontal spiral sedimentation type centrifuge is communicated with the stirring type reaction kettle, the horizontal spiral sedimentation type centrifuge is communicated with a next system through a slag discharge port, the eluent storage bin is communicated with the eluent through a liquid discharge port, and the horizontal spiral sedimentation type centrifuge is driven by a motor.
(3) Wet fly ash washing drying system: store storehouse, belt vacuum filter and hot air drying machine including stirring formula washing reation kettle, washing solution store the storehouse intercommunication stirring formula washing reation kettle intercommunication belt vacuum filter, belt vacuum filter intercommunication have the clean liquid case of collecting liquid and the flying dust of collecting the flying dust to store the storehouse.
(4) Heavy metal filtrate electrodialysis concentration separation system: the device comprises an electrodialysis device communicated with an eluent storage bin, a clear water storage bin and a concentrated wastewater storage bin, wherein the clear water storage bin and the concentrated wastewater storage bin are both communicated with the electrodialysis device.
Preferably, a hot air drier is arranged between the belt vacuum filter and the fly ash storage bin.
Preferably, a wet fly ash conveying belt is arranged between the slag discharge port of the horizontal spiral decanter centrifuge and the feed inlet of the stirring type washing reaction kettle.
Preferably, a feeding port of the stirring type reaction kettle is connected with a feeding conveyer belt.
Preferably, the wet fly ash conveyor belt and the feed conveyor belt are both sealed conveyor belts.
Preferably, a liquid inlet of the electrodialysis device is provided with a shunting structure for shunting eluent conveyed from the eluent storage bin, so that eluent enters each section of the electrodialysis device.
Preferably, the feeding conveyer belt is communicated with a feeding hole of the stirring type reaction kettle through an ash inlet pipeline, and an ash valve is arranged on the ash inlet pipeline to control and adjust the feeding speed of the fly ash.
Preferably, the leaching liquor storage bin is filled with leaching liquor, and the leaching liquor is hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 4-6 mol/L.
Preferably, in the stirred tank reactor, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the fly ash to the leaching solution is 0.4-0.6 (g/ml).
Preferably, the washing solution storage bin is filled with washing solution, and the washing solution is 1-3mol/L NaCl solution.
Preferably, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the fly ash to the water washing liquid in the stirring type water washing reaction kettle is 0.4-0.6 (g/ml).
Compared with the prior fly ash treatment method, the method has the advantages that:
(1) the fly ash is sent into a stirring type reaction kettle through a closed conveyor belt to be subjected to acid leaching with hydrochloric acid solution, the leaching rate of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu in the fly ash after acid leaching is higher than 96%, and the use of some polluting chemicals is reduced.
(2) The fly ash is treated by a horizontal spiral sedimentation centrifuge and divided into two parts for respective treatment, the elution fly ash is washed, the leaching concentration of Pb and Cd in the residual ash after washing meets the landfill standard, and the fly ash is filtered, dried and collected in a fly ash storage tank for convenient centralized treatment.
(3) The elution wastewater passes through the electrodialysis device, and metal ions in the solution are concentrated by means of the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane, so that the cost of wastewater treatment is greatly reduced, and a new idea is provided for treating the fly ash pickle liquor.
(4) The system reduces the complicated processing process and is convenient to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system flow diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the construction of an electrodialysis apparatus in a system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the attached drawing, 1, an inlet end 2, a closed conveying belt 3, an ash flying valve 4, a leaching solution storage bin 5, a bin gate valve 6, a motor 7, a stirring type reaction kettle 8, a stirring blade 9, a conveying pump 10, a horizontal spiral decanter centrifuge 10-1, a spiral blade 10-3, a slag discharge port 10-4, a liquid discharge port 10-5, a host 11, an eluent storage bin 12, a solution diversion device 13, an electrodialysis device 13-1, a cathode 13-2, an anode 13-3, a cathode chamber 13-4, an anode chamber 13-C, a cation exchange membrane 13-A, an anion exchange membrane 14, a solution outlet valve 15, a concentrated wastewater storage bin 16, a clear water storage bin 17, a water washing solution storage bin 18, a stirring type reaction kettle 19, a belt type vacuum filter 19-1, filter cloth 19-2 and a closed conveying belt 19-3, a hot air drier 19-4, a water pump 20, a liquid purifying tank 21 and a fly ash storage tank.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description of the invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are merely for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and that various substitutions and alterations made according to the common knowledge and conventional means in the art without departing from the technical idea of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
A fly ash innocent treatment system is mainly divided into four parts, as shown in figure 1, a fly ash acid leaching system, a fly ash and acid leaching liquid mixture eluting system, a wet fly ash water washing and drying system and a heavy metal filtrate electrodialysis concentration system.
(1) A fly ash acid leaching system: the fly ash is sent into an inlet end 1 of an acid leaching system from a filler funnel by a closed conveyer belt 2, the quality and the speed of the fly ash are controlled and adjusted by a fly ash valve 3, and the fly ash enters a stirring type reaction kettle 7; the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid leaching liquid in the leaching liquid storage bin 4 is 4-6mol/L, and the preferred concentration in the embodiment is 5 mol/L; the solid-liquid ratio of the fly ash to the hydrochloric acid leaching liquor is 0.4-0.6 (g/ml) by adjusting and conveying through a valve, and 0.55 (g/ml) is selected in the embodiment; then, starting the stirring type reaction kettle 7, driving the stirring blade 8 to rotate through the motor 6 to carry out acid leaching reaction on the fly ash, setting the rotating speed of the stirring type reaction kettle 7 to be about 300 r/min, and setting the acid leaching reaction time to be about 25 min; after the acid leaching is finished, the mixture of the acid leaching solution and the fly ash is conveyed to the inlet end of an elution system through a conveying pump 9.
(2) Elution system of fly ash and pickle liquor mixture: the mixture of the fly ash and the pickle liquor enters a horizontal spiral sedimentation type centrifuge 10, a motor is started, a machine body is driven to select and generate centrifugal force through the high-speed rotation of a main machine 10-5, the fly ash is deposited on the inner wall of a rotary drum under the action of the centrifugal force, then the deposited fly ash is scraped off by the rotation of a spiral blade 10-1 and pushed rightwards to a slag discharge port 10-3 of an elution system, and the fly ash belongs to wet fly ash and needs further treatment; the elution wastewater separated by the action of centrifugal force flows out from a liquid outlet 10-4 of an elution system under the action of gravity and is finally stored in an eluent storage bin 11 for subsequent treatment.
(3) Wet fly ash washing drying system: the water washing is mainly to further wash the heavy metals remained in the wet fly ash so as to ensure that the content of the heavy metals in the fly ash meets the landfill standard. The wet fly ash falls into a closed conveyer belt 2 and is conveyed into a stirring type water washing reaction kettle 18 for further water washing treatment of the fly ash. The water washing solution selects 1-3mol/L NaCl solution, 2mol/L NaCl solution is preferred in the embodiment, the solid-to-liquid ratio of wet fly ash and NaCl solution is adjusted to 0.5 (g/ml) through a door valve 5 of a water washing solution storage bin 17, the mixture is washed in a stirring type water washing reaction kettle 18 for about 20min, residual ash after washing is conveyed to an inlet of a belt type vacuum filter 19 through a conveying pump 9, fly ash is entrained by upper and lower filter cloth, a fly ash layer is compressed by tension generated by the filter belt, water in the fly ash layer is discharged by compression and extrusion and is conveyed to a liquid purifying box 20 through a water pump 19-4; then, the fly ash is dried by a hot air drier 19-3 and then conveyed to a fly ash storage bin 21, and at this time, the fly ash is harmless fly ash.
(4) Heavy metal filtrate electrodialysis concentration separation system as shown in figure 2: the eluent containing heavy metals separated by the horizontal spiral sedimentation centrifuge 10 is discharged from a liquid outlet 10-4 and stored in an eluent storage bin 11; further, the eluent is conveyed to the solution shunting device 12 from the storage bin through the conveying pump 9 for shunting, so that the eluent enters each section of the electrodialysis device 13, the anode and the cathode of the electroplating device are C rods, and the sections are isolated by an anion exchange membrane 13-A and a cation exchange membrane 13-C. A reduction reaction of the cathode 13-1 of the electrodialysis apparatus, Cu2++ e- → Cu、Pb 2++ e- → Pb、Zn2++ e-→ Zn, Cu of the solution in each compartment under the action of the voltage generated by the power supply: (II), Pb (II), Zn (II), and other metal cations are transferred to the cathode 13-2 through the cation exchange membrane, and the transferred metal ions are blocked by the anion exchange membrane, so that heavy metal ions are concentrated, and part of the metal ions are generated in the cathode reaction chamber to react to generate metals such as Cu; continuously inputting voltage for reaction for about 1h, discharging the concentrated solution in the concentration chamber into a concentrated wastewater storage chamber 1, discharging the solution in the clear water chamber into a clear water storage chamber 16, and discharging the residual solution of the reaction in the cathode chamber 13-3 and the anode chamber 13-4 into a waste liquid tank by adjusting a solution outlet valve 14 at the lower part of the electrodialysis device.
In an acid leaching system, the leaching rates of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu in fly ash are all over 96 percent; the leaching concentration of Pb and Cd in the residual ash after passing through the water washing system meets the landfill standard; the wet fly ash after the washing treatment is filtered and dried under a belt type vacuum filter, and the dried fly ash belongs to harmless fly ash; the concentration multiple of heavy metals in the concentrated wastewater in the electrodialysis system is about three times, the heavy metals in the wastewater solution are concentrated, and the cost is saved compared with the cost for independently treating the wastewater solution with the same quantity.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an organic solid useless incineration fly ash innocent treatment system which characterized in that includes:
(1) a fly ash acid leaching system: the device comprises a stirring type reaction kettle and a leaching liquor storage bin, wherein the leaching liquor storage bin is communicated with the stirring type reaction kettle;
(2) an elution system: the device comprises a horizontal spiral sedimentation type centrifuge and an eluent storage bin, wherein the horizontal spiral sedimentation type centrifuge is communicated with the stirring type reaction kettle and is communicated with a next system through a slag discharge port, the eluent storage bin is communicated through a liquid discharge port, and the horizontal spiral sedimentation type centrifuge is driven by a motor;
(3) wet fly ash washing drying system: the device comprises a stirring type washing reaction kettle, a washing solution storage bin, a belt type vacuum filter and a hot air drying machine, wherein the washing solution storage bin is communicated with the stirring type washing reaction kettle, the stirring type washing reaction kettle is communicated with the belt type vacuum filter, and the belt type vacuum filter is communicated with a liquid purifying box for collecting liquid and a fly ash storage bin for collecting fly ash;
(4) heavy metal filtrate electrodialysis concentration separation system: the device comprises an electrodialysis device communicated with an eluent storage bin, a clear water storage bin and a concentrated wastewater storage bin, wherein the clear water storage bin and the concentrated wastewater storage bin are both communicated with the electrodialysis device.
2. The harmless treatment system for the incineration fly ash of the organic solid waste according to claim 1, wherein a hot air drier is arranged between the belt vacuum filter and the fly ash storage bin.
3. The harmless treatment system for the incineration fly ash of the organic solid waste according to claim 1, wherein a wet fly ash conveyer belt is arranged between the slag discharge port of the horizontal spiral decanter centrifuge and the feed inlet of the stirring type water washing reaction kettle.
4. The harmless treatment system for the incineration fly ash of the organic solid waste according to claim 3, wherein a feed conveyer belt is connected to a feed inlet of the stirred tank reactor.
5. The harmless treatment system for the incineration fly ash of the organic solid waste according to claim 4, wherein the wet fly ash conveying belt and the feeding conveying belt are sealed conveying belts.
6. The harmless treatment system for the incineration fly ash of the organic solid waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid inlet of the electrodialysis device is provided with a flow dividing structure.
7. The harmless treatment system for the incineration fly ash of the organic solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the feeding conveyer belt is communicated with the feeding port of the stirred tank reactor through an ash feeding pipeline, and an ash valve is arranged on the ash feeding pipeline.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the leaching solution storage bin is filled with a leaching solution, and the leaching solution is hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 4-6 mol/L.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of fly ash to leachate in the stirred tank reactor is 0.4-0.6 (g/ml).
10. The harmless treatment system for the fly ash from incineration of organic solid waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the storage bin of the washing solution is filled with a washing solution, the washing solution is a 1-3mol/L NaCl solution, and the solid-to-liquid ratio of the fly ash and the washing solution in the stirred washing reaction kettle is 0.4-0.6 (g/ml).
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| CN202110880030.6A CN113617798A (en) | 2021-08-02 | 2021-08-02 | Harmless treatment system for organic solid waste incineration fly ash |
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