CN113612728A - Streaming media playing method, transmission equipment and system - Google Patents
Streaming media playing method, transmission equipment and system Download PDFInfo
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- H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
- H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L65/1066—Session management
- H04L65/1101—Session protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
- H04L65/61—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
- H04N21/218—Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays
- H04N21/2187—Live feed
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a streaming media playing method, transmission equipment and a system, wherein the streaming media playing method comprises the following steps: the signaling server receives a switching instruction for indicating to switch the first multimedia data stream into the second multimedia data stream, and transmits the switching instruction to first transmission equipment which stores the first multimedia data stream. And the first transmission equipment transmits the switching instruction to second transmission equipment accessed by a playing end of the first multimedia data stream. And the second transmission equipment acquires a second multimedia data stream according to the switching instruction, sends the second multimedia data stream to the playing end, and stops sending the first multimedia data stream to the playing end. The switching operation of the multimedia data stream is completed by the transmission equipment accessed by the playing end through the switching instruction corresponding to the synchronous transmission of the multimedia data stream, so that the high-efficiency switching of the multimedia data stream is realized, and the playing end is noninductive in the switching process.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of streaming media technologies, and in particular, to a streaming media playing method, a streaming media transmission device, and a streaming media playing system.
Background
With the continuous development of internet technology, currently, real-time transmission of multimedia data streams such as audio and video is required in many application scenes, such as application scenes of live broadcast, video conference and the like.
Taking a live broadcast scene as an example, in practical application, many users (audiences) may subscribe to a live broadcast video of a certain anchor a, in order to enhance interactivity, the anchor a may perform video live broadcast interaction with another anchor b in a live broadcast process, and at this time, for these users, the audio/video stream watched by the users will be switched, and the original audio/video stream of the anchor a is switched to the audio/video stream after live broadcast.
Therefore, how to let the playing side to switch the multimedia data stream at the playing side without perception and efficiently is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a streaming media playing method, transmission equipment and a system, which can realize switching playing of multimedia data streams efficiently and without perception at a playing end.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a streaming media playing system, including: a signaling server and a plurality of transmission devices;
the signaling server is configured to receive a switching instruction, and transmit the switching instruction to a first transmission device, where the switching instruction indicates to switch a first multimedia data stream into a second multimedia data stream, and the first transmission device is a source transmission device of the first multimedia data stream;
the first transmission device is configured to transmit the switching instruction to a second transmission device, where the second transmission device is a transmission device that is accessed by a playing end that subscribes to the first multimedia data stream;
the second transmission device is configured to obtain the second multimedia data stream from a third transmission device according to the switching instruction, send the second multimedia data stream to the playing end, and stop sending the first multimedia data stream to the playing end, where the third transmission device is a source transmission device of the second multimedia data stream.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a streaming media playing method, which is applied to a signaling server and a plurality of transmission devices, where the plurality of transmission devices include a first transmission device, a second transmission device, and a third transmission device, where the first transmission device is a source transmission device of a first multimedia data stream, the second transmission device has an access to a playing end that subscribes to the first multimedia data stream, and the third transmission device is a source transmission device of a second multimedia data stream;
the method comprises the following steps:
the first transmission equipment receives a switching instruction sent by the signaling server, wherein the switching instruction indicates that a first multimedia data stream is switched to a second multimedia data stream;
and the first transmission equipment transmits the switching instruction to the second transmission equipment, so that the second transmission equipment acquires the second multimedia data stream from the third transmission equipment according to the switching instruction, sends the second multimedia data stream to the playing end, and stops sending the first multimedia data stream to the playing end.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a streaming media playing apparatus, which is applied to a distributed transmission network, where the distributed transmission network includes a signaling server and a plurality of transmission devices, and the plurality of transmission devices includes a first transmission device, a second transmission device, and a third transmission device, where the first transmission device is a source transmission device of a first multimedia data stream, the second transmission device has an access to a playing end that subscribes to the first multimedia data stream, and the third transmission device is a source transmission device of a second multimedia data stream;
the apparatus is located at the first transmission device and comprises:
a receiving module, configured to receive a switching instruction sent by the signaling server, where the switching instruction indicates to switch a first multimedia data stream into a second multimedia data stream;
a sending module, configured to transmit the switching instruction to the second transmission device, so that the second transmission device obtains the second multimedia data stream from the third transmission device according to the switching instruction, sends the second multimedia data stream to the playing end, and stops sending the first multimedia data stream to the playing end.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a first transmission apparatus, including: a memory, a processor, a communication interface; wherein the memory has stored thereon executable code which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to implement at least the streaming media playing method according to the second aspect.
In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, having executable code stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor of a transmission device, causes the processor to implement at least the streaming media playing method according to the second aspect.
In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a streaming media playing method, where the method includes applying a signaling server and multiple transmission devices, where the multiple transmission devices include a first transmission device, a second transmission device, and a third transmission device, where the first transmission device is a source transmission device of a first multimedia data stream, the second transmission device has an access to a playing end that subscribes to the first multimedia data stream, and the third transmission device is a source transmission device of a second multimedia data stream;
the method comprises the following steps:
the second transmission equipment acquires a switching instruction sent by the first transmission equipment, the switching instruction indicates that a first multimedia data stream is switched to a second multimedia data stream, and the first transmission equipment receives the switching instruction sent by the signaling server;
and the second transmission equipment acquires the second multimedia data stream from the third transmission equipment according to the switching instruction, sends the second multimedia data stream to the playing end, and stops sending the first multimedia data stream to the playing end.
A seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a streaming media playing apparatus, which is applied to a distributed transmission network, where the distributed transmission network includes a signaling server and a plurality of transmission devices, and the plurality of transmission devices includes a first transmission device, a second transmission device, and a third transmission device, where the first transmission device is a source transmission device of a first multimedia data stream, the second transmission device has an access to a playing end that subscribes to the first multimedia data stream, and the third transmission device is a source transmission device of a second multimedia data stream;
the apparatus is located in the second transmission device, and includes:
an obtaining module, configured to obtain a switching instruction sent by the first transmission device, where the switching instruction indicates to switch a first multimedia data stream into a second multimedia data stream, and the first transmission device receives the switching instruction sent by the signaling server;
and the switching module is used for acquiring the second multimedia data stream from the third transmission equipment according to the switching instruction, sending the second multimedia data stream to the playing end, and stopping sending the first multimedia data stream to the playing end.
In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a second transmission device, including: a memory, a processor; wherein the memory has stored thereon executable code which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to implement at least the streaming media playing method according to the sixth aspect.
In a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, having executable code stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor of a transmission device, causes the processor to implement at least the streaming media playing method according to the sixth aspect.
The embodiment of the invention adopts a certain distributed transmission network to realize the transmission and switching processing of the multimedia data stream. The distributed transmission network comprises a signaling server and a plurality of transmission devices. In the process of switching multimedia data streams, first, after receiving a switching instruction instructing to switch a first multimedia data stream to a second multimedia data stream, a signaling server transmits the switching instruction to a first transmission device, where the first transmission device is a source transmission device of the first multimedia data stream, that is, the first multimedia data stream is initially uploaded to the first transmission device. Assuming that a certain playing end subscribed with the first multimedia data stream is accessed to the second transmission device, when the second transmission device feeds back to the source to pull the first multimedia data stream, the switching instruction forwarded hop by hop from the first transmission device is obtained, based on the switching instruction, the second transmission device feeds back to the third transmission device stored with the second multimedia data stream to pull the second multimedia data stream, the second multimedia data stream is sent to the playing end, and the sending of the first multimedia data stream to the playing end is stopped, so that the switching of the multimedia data streams watched by the playing end side is realized.
In the above scheme, in the distributed transmission network for transmitting the multimedia data stream, the switching instruction corresponding to the multimedia data stream is synchronously transmitted, and the transmission device accessed by the playing end completes the switching operation of the multimedia data stream output to the playing end, so that the high-efficiency switching playing of the multimedia data stream is realized, and the playing end is noninductive in the switching process and does not need any processing.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic application diagram of a streaming media playing scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic application diagram of another streaming media playing scheme provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a streaming media playing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another streaming media playing system provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a streaming media playing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a streaming media playing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a streaming media playing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a first transmission device corresponding to the streaming media playing apparatus provided in the embodiment shown in fig. 7;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a streaming media playing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a second transmission device corresponding to the streaming media playing apparatus provided in the embodiment shown in fig. 9.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the sequence of steps in each method embodiment described below is only an example and is not strictly limited.
In order to realize the switching of the multimedia data stream to the playing end, the embodiments of the present invention provide several solutions in a situation where the playing end originally subscribes to the multimedia data stream a but needs to subscribe to the multimedia data stream B in a certain situation. The playing end corresponds to an end user viewing the multimedia data stream, and may be a player operating in user equipment. The multimedia data stream may be an audio, video stream.
A first solution is shown in figure 1.
Fig. 1 is a schematic application diagram of a streaming media playing scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the streaming media playing scheme requires a streaming server and a distributed transmission network to be used.
The merging server is used for producing an alternative stream of a certain path of multimedia data stream by some means. For example, the multimedia data stream B may be a multimedia data stream obtained by merging the multimedia data stream a and the multimedia data stream a' by the merge server. That is, the merge server may obtain one merged multimedia data stream by merging at least two multimedia data streams. In practical applications, a merge server cluster including multiple merge servers may be deployed. Since the processing procedure of each merge server is similar, only one merge server is taken as an example for the convenience of description.
A distributed transmission network for transmitting multimedia data streams. In practical application, the distributed transmission Network may adopt a Global real-time transmission Network (GRTN for short) to realize real-time transmission of multimedia data streams, and meet the real-time transmission requirements of application scenes such as live broadcasts, video conferences and the like on the multimedia data streams. The distributed transmission network comprises a plurality of transmission devices (or transmission nodes), and the transmission of the multimedia data stream to the playing terminals at different positions is realized through the wireless communication capability between different transmission devices.
Taking a live broadcast scenario as an example, assuming that N anchor broadcasts successively generate N paths of multimedia data streams (e.g., video streams), in a first solution, as shown in fig. 1, the N paths of multimedia data streams are first uploaded to a merge server, and then the merge server transmits the N paths of multimedia data streams to a distributed transmission network, where different multimedia data streams may be initially transmitted to different transmission devices. In the view of a distributed transmission network, assuming that a certain transmission device receives a certain path of multimedia data stream transmitted by the merge server, the transmission device may be regarded as a source transmission device of the path of multimedia data stream, or referred to as a production transmission device.
In addition, assuming that a switching requirement exists in a certain multimedia data stream a of the N multimedia data streams, that is, a substitute multimedia data stream corresponding to the certain multimedia data stream a needs to be generated and is denoted as a multimedia data stream B, and assuming that the multimedia data stream B is obtained by combining the multimedia data stream a and a multimedia data stream a' included in the N video streams, the merge server needs to perform the combining process to obtain the multimedia data stream B, and replace the multimedia data stream a output to the distributed transmission network with the multimedia data stream B based on the switching requirement, so that the playing end subscribing to the multimedia data stream a accessing the distributed transmission network does not receive the multimedia data stream a but receives the multimedia data stream B.
In practical application, the deployment cost of the merge server is very high, when a large amount of multimedia data streams are generated, the number of the merge servers to be deployed is very large, and the cost problem is particularly obvious. Moreover, when the number of multimedia data streams with a cut stream requirement is large, the load pressure of the merge server is also large. In addition, for multimedia data streams without cut-stream requirements, the multimedia data streams also need to be transmitted to the merging server, and the merging server has a large amount of unnecessary processing overhead of the multimedia data streams.
A second solution is shown in figure 2.
Fig. 2 is a schematic application diagram of another streaming media playing scheme provided in the embodiment of the present invention, where the streaming media playing scheme also needs to use a merge server and a distributed transmission network.
In this solution, the merge server may be configured to receive and send each path of multimedia data stream to the distributed transmission network, and when there is a demand for a cut-stream for a path of multimedia data stream, generate and send a corresponding multimedia data stream (such as multimedia data stream B above) to the distributed transmission network.
As shown in fig. 2, the distributed transmission network includes a signaling server in addition to several transmission devices. And a switching instruction for indicating switching of the multimedia data stream A to the multimedia data stream B is sent to the signaling server, the signaling server sends the switching instruction to the transmission equipment accessed by the playing end through the cooperation of a plurality of transmission equipment contained in the distributed transmission network, and the transmission equipment sends the switching instruction to the playing end. The playing end completes the switching operation of the multimedia video stream based on the switching instruction: for example, the multimedia data stream B is pulled from the distributed transmission network, and the multimedia data stream a of the locally played multimedia data stream is replaced by the multimedia data stream B. The transmission process of the handover command in the distributed transmission network may be implemented with reference to the process described below.
In the solution, the transmission device transmits the switching instruction to the playing end, and the transmission is often unreliable, may have a large delay, cannot implement real-time switching, and may even be lost, and cannot implement switching.
Based on the problems of the two liberation schemes, the embodiment of the invention provides another liberation scheme. In this solution, the switching instructions of the multimedia data stream are transmitted in the distributed transmission network in synchronization with the multimedia data stream, and the switching operation is performed by the transmission device in the distributed transmission network without any processing by the playback end. In addition, in this solution, the function of the merge server is simplified.
The implementation of this solution is described in detail below with reference to some embodiments.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a streaming media playing system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the system includes: a distributed transmission network comprising: a signaling server and a plurality of transmission devices. The plurality of transmission devices include a first transmission device, a second transmission device, and a third transmission device, which will be described below.
In this embodiment, it is assumed that the management and control direction signaling server triggers a switch instruction, which indicates to switch the first multimedia data stream to the second multimedia data stream. Assume that a source transmission device of a first multimedia data stream is a first transmission device, a certain playing end subscribed to the first multimedia data stream has access to a second transmission device, and a third transmission device is a source transmission device of a second multimedia data stream.
In practical application, the controller may be a service platform that controls multimedia data streams, such as a live broadcast platform. The control party can call an API interface corresponding to the signaling server and input the switching instruction through the interface.
In a distributed transmission network, for a push and pull process of a path of multimedia data stream, a plurality of transmission devices included in the distributed transmission network are divided according to functions and can be divided into: producer (producer), consumer (consumer), repeater. When one path of multimedia data stream is pushed to a distributed transmission network, a transmission device receiving the multimedia data stream takes the role of a producer; when the playing end of a certain terminal user wants to pull the path of multimedia data stream to watch, the playing end can be accessed to a certain transmission device in the distributed transmission network, and the transmission device accessed by the playing end is in a consumer role; the transmission device in the consumer role needs to pull the multimedia data stream from the transmission device in the producer role, and at this time, the transmission device in the consumer role needs to establish a multi-hop (hop) source return path between the transmission device in the producer role and the transmission device in the consumer role, where the multi-hop source return path includes a plurality of transmission devices in the relay role, so as to request the multimedia data stream hop by hop through the plurality of transmission devices in the relay role. In fact, compared to the transmission device in the role of a relay, the transmission device in the role of a producer and the transmission device in the role of a consumer are both located at the edge of the distributed transmission network and are respectively used for connecting with the push end and the play end of the media data stream. In practical applications, the push end may be a terminal device of the anchor, or may be the above mentioned merge server, and so on.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the source transmission device refers to a transmission device corresponding to a producer role.
Based on this, in the above-described assumed case, the first transmission device and the third transmission device correspond to a producer role and the second transmission device corresponds to a consumer role, respectively.
Based on the above assumption, as shown in fig. 3, the signaling server transmits the handover instruction to the first transmission device after receiving the handover instruction. The signaling server stores identification information of source transmission devices corresponding to each path of multimedia data stream, and based on the identification information, the signaling server learns that the source transmission device corresponding to the first multimedia data stream is the first transmission device.
And after receiving the switching instruction sent by the signaling server, the first transmission equipment transmits the switching instruction to the second transmission equipment.
Specifically, since a certain end user subscribes to a first multimedia data stream, after the end user starts a player (i.e., a playing end) in the end device, a playing operation for the first multimedia data stream may be triggered, and based on this, the playing end accesses a second transmission device and triggers a pull request for the first multimedia data stream to the second transmission device. After knowing that the first multimedia data stream is located in the first transmission device, the second transmission device establishes a multi-hop back-to-source path with the first transmission device, and acquires the first multimedia data stream and a switching instruction through the multi-hop back-to-source path, wherein it is assumed that the switching instruction is already sent to the first transmission device.
The second transmission device requests the first multimedia data stream hop by hop based on each relay transmission device included in the multi-hop back-to-source path. And when the first transmission equipment receives the pull stream request, transmitting the switching instruction and the first multimedia data stream to the second transmission equipment hop by hop through the multi-hop source returning path.
It should be noted that, the sending sequence of the switching instruction and the first multimedia data stream between the previous-hop transmission device and the next-hop transmission device in the multi-hop back-to-source path is as follows: the switching instruction is sent first, and then the first multimedia data stream is sent. This ensures that the switching instruction is transmitted to the second transmission device in preference.
The second transmission device then obtains a second multimedia data stream from the third transmission device according to the received switching instruction, sends the second multimedia data stream to the playing end, and stops sending the first multimedia data stream to the playing end. The process of the second transmission device pulling the second multimedia data stream from the third transmission device is similar to the process of pulling the first multimedia data stream from the first transmission device, and is not repeated.
In this embodiment, it can be understood by combining the following practical situations that the switching instruction is guaranteed to reach the second transmission device in preference to the first multimedia data stream: assuming that a terminal user corresponding to a playing end subscribes to a first multimedia data stream before the playing end is started to request the first multimedia data stream, if a control party triggers the switching instruction to a signaling server, the switching instruction is firstly cached in first transmission equipment, and if the playing end is started to request the first multimedia data stream later, according to the transmission mode of the switching instruction, the switching instruction is transmitted to second transmission equipment along a multi-hop source returning path which is established by the second transmission equipment and corresponds to the first multimedia data stream, and the switching instruction is reached before the first multimedia data stream. Therefore, the second transmission device can obtain the first multimedia data stream which is not needed to be sent to the playing end and is reached after the second transmission device receives the switching instruction, and can pull the second multimedia data stream to send the second multimedia data stream to the playing end for playing. Thus, for the playing end, the action effect of switching cannot be sensed, that is, the sensory effect that the first multimedia data stream is played first and then the second multimedia data stream is switched to be played does not exist.
Of course, it can be understood that if the control party triggers the switching instruction in the process that the playing end already plays the first multimedia data stream, the playing end may have the picture switching effect of the multimedia data stream.
Therefore, in the scheme, in the distributed transmission network for transmitting the multimedia data stream, the switching instruction corresponding to the multimedia data stream is synchronously transmitted, so that the transmission equipment accessed by the playing end completes the switching operation of the multimedia data stream output to the playing end, thereby realizing the high-efficiency switching playing of the multimedia data stream, and the playing end is noninductive in the switching process and does not need any processing.
In addition, the signaling server sends the switching instruction to the source transmission equipment corresponding to the multimedia data stream, so that the transmission equipment accessed by the playing end can sense the existence of the switching instruction in the process of pulling the corresponding multimedia data stream, and the corresponding switching action is completed. In order to implement the above process, for the signaling server, only the source transmission device corresponding to one path of multimedia data stream needs to be maintained, and the maintenance overhead is small.
In the above description of the system composition and operation principle shown in fig. 3, the main emphasis is on the transmission process of the switching command and the multimedia data stream in the distributed transmission network. In practice, a scheduling server is also included in the distributed transmission network for scheduling the transmission devices included in the distributed transmission network to serve the push and pull processes of the multimedia data stream.
Taking the above push flow and pull flow processes of the first multimedia data stream as an example, the scheduling function of the scheduling server is embodied as: responding to a stream pushing request corresponding to a first multimedia data stream, determining a first transmission device matched with the position of a stream pushing user contained in the stream pushing request, and storing the first multimedia data stream into the first transmission device; and responding to a pull stream request triggered by the playing end to the first multimedia data stream, and determining second transmission equipment matched with the pull stream user position contained in the pull stream request so that the playing end can access the second transmission equipment.
Specifically, in the process of pushing the first multimedia data stream, the pushing end (which may be an anchor terminal device, or may be a merge server, etc.) sends a corresponding pushing request to the scheduling server, where the pushing request includes a pushing user location corresponding to the pushing end, where the location may be a location obtained by an IP address or other positioning means. The scheduling server stores the deployment positions of the transmission devices, and can select one transmission device matched with the position of the stream pushing user from the deployment positions based on a principle of proximity, namely the first transmission device, notify the stream pushing end to send the first multimedia data stream to the first transmission device, and the first transmission device receives and stores the first multimedia data stream sent by the stream pushing end.
Similarly, in the process of pulling the first multimedia data stream, the pulling end, i.e. the playing end, sends a corresponding pulling request to the scheduling server, where the pulling request includes a pulling user location, and the location may be a location obtained by an IP address or other positioning means. The scheduling server stores the deployment positions of the transmission devices, and can select one transmission device matched with the position of the stream pulling user from the deployment positions based on a principle of proximity, namely a second transmission device, and inform the playing end to access the second transmission device so as to pull the first multimedia data stream through the second transmission device.
In addition, the scheduling server may also store identification information of source transmission devices corresponding to each path of multimedia data stream, so that when the second transmission device needs to pull the first multimedia data stream, the scheduling server may be queried to know that the first multimedia data stream is located in the first transmission device, so as to establish a multi-hop source return path with the first transmission device.
In the above embodiment, it is assumed that the switching instruction indicates to switch the first multimedia data stream to the second multimedia data stream, and in practical applications, the second multimedia data stream may be one multimedia data stream unrelated to the first multimedia data stream, or may be obtained by merging the first multimedia data stream and one or more other multimedia data streams.
For example, in a live broadcast and live broadcast scene, one main broadcast is connected with another main broadcast, and then video streams of the two main broadcasts are merged to obtain one video stream. For another example, in a video conference scene, 5 persons originally participate in a conference, and then one person is added, so that the original 5 persons video stream and the one person video stream are merged.
For convenience of description, it is assumed that the second multimedia data stream is obtained by merging the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream, and in practical applications, the merging server is used to complete the merging process. Therefore, the streaming media playing system provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a merge server in addition to the distributed transmission network described above, as shown in fig. 4.
In the process of merging the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream to obtain the second multimedia data stream, the merge server needs to pull the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream, respectively. Similar to the above stream pulling process at the playing end, the merge server needs to first access a certain transmission device in the distributed transmission network, and then pull the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream through the transmission device.
In fig. 4, assuming that the scheduling server determines that the transmission device whose position matches the deployment position of the merge server is the fourth transmission device, the merge server accesses the fourth transmission device.
And the confluence server sends a first pull request corresponding to the first multimedia data stream and a second pull request corresponding to the third multimedia data stream to the fourth transmission equipment. The fourth transmission device pulls the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream based on the first pull request and the second pull request, respectively. The process of the fourth transmission device pulling the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream is not described in detail.
And the fourth transmission equipment sends the pulled first multimedia data stream and the pulled third multimedia data stream to the confluence server, and the confluence server can combine the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream to obtain a second multimedia data stream. Then, the merge server pushes the merged second multimedia data stream to the distributed transmission network, specifically as described above, assuming that the second multimedia data stream is pushed to the third transmission device.
It should be noted that, since the merge server is also connected to the distributed transmission network, and there is a need to pull the first multimedia data stream through the distributed transmission network, the merge server may actually be regarded as a special playing end that subscribes to the first multimedia data stream. Then the subsequent pipe sends a triggered switching instruction instructing to switch the first multimedia data stream to the second multimedia data stream, and the switching instruction is also transmitted to the fourth transmission device accessed by the merge server. The fourth transmission device, like the second transmission device described above, executes the switching instruction after receiving the switching instruction, that is, pulls the second multimedia data stream and sends the second multimedia data stream to the merge server for playing, and stops outputting the first multimedia data stream to the merge server. This is obviously not the case, since the second multimedia data stream is originally generated by the merge server, and the execution of the switch instruction results in switching the first multimedia data stream to the second multimedia data stream, which may affect the subsequent merging process of the merge server.
For this reason, the first pull request may include a role identifier of the merge server, for example, the pull URL corresponding to the first multimedia data stream carries the role identifier of the merge server, so as to inform the fourth transmission device that the device accessed at this time is the merge server, rather than the ordinary play end. The role identifier may be a preset string of character strings.
The reason why the role identifier is carried in the first pull request and the role identifier is not carried in the second pull request is that the merge server performs merging processing on the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream, which is triggered by the controller, is based on a requirement that the first multimedia data stream needs to be switched to the second multimedia data stream, and the third multimedia data stream does not have a requirement for switching to the second multimedia data stream, so that the merge server only needs to carry the role identifier in the first pull request. Therefore, in practical applications, when the switching request is generated by the manager, the merge server is controlled to perform the merging of the multimedia data streams, and then a switching command is triggered to the signaling server.
The role identification has the following functions: when receiving the switching instruction, the fourth transmission device learns that the accessed device is the merge server based on the role identifier carried by the accessed merge server in the first pull request, so that the switching instruction is not executed on the merge server, that is, the second multimedia data stream is not sent to the merge server, and the transmission of the first multimedia data stream to the merge server is not stopped. Because the merge server needs to continuously pull the first multimedia data stream through the accessed fourth transmission device, the switching instruction can be acquired in the process of pulling the first multimedia data stream by the fourth transmission device after the switching instruction is generated.
Under the condition that the streaming media playing system shown in fig. 4 is adopted to complete the stream switching of the multimedia data streams, if a total of N paths of multimedia data streams are assumed, the N paths of multimedia data streams can be directly pushed to the distributed transmission network without passing through the streaming server, so that the dependence on the streaming server is reduced. In addition, if M multimedia data streams involve stream switching, the merge server only needs to acquire the M multimedia data streams involved in the stream switching and perform relevant processing (such as merge processing) before sending the multimedia data streams to the distributed transmission network, thereby reducing the processing overhead of the merge server.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a streaming media playing method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method is applied to the above distributed transmission network, where the distributed transmission network includes a signaling server and a plurality of transmission devices, and the plurality of transmission devices includes a first transmission device, a second transmission device, and a third transmission device, where the first transmission device is a source transmission device of a first multimedia data stream, the second transmission device has an access to a playing end that subscribes to the first multimedia data stream, and the third transmission device is a source transmission device of a second multimedia data stream. Based on this situation, the streaming media playing method provided by this embodiment may include the following steps:
501. the first transmission equipment receives a switching instruction sent by the signaling server, and the switching instruction indicates that the first multimedia data stream is switched to the second multimedia data stream.
502. And the first transmission equipment transmits the switching instruction to the second transmission equipment, so that the second transmission equipment acquires the second multimedia data stream from the third transmission equipment according to the switching instruction, sends the second multimedia data stream to the playing end and stops sending the first multimedia data stream to the playing end.
Wherein, first transmission equipment transmits the switching instruction to second transmission equipment, specifically includes: the first transmission equipment transmits the switching instruction and the first multimedia data stream to the second transmission equipment hop by hop based on a multi-hop source returning path between the first transmission equipment and the second transmission equipment. The sending sequence of the switching instruction and the first multimedia data stream between the previous-hop transmission equipment and the next-hop transmission equipment in the multi-hop back-to-source path is as follows: the switching instruction is sent first, and then the first multimedia data stream is sent.
In this embodiment, for the detailed execution process of the first transmission device, reference may be made to the related descriptions in the foregoing other embodiments, which are not described herein again.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a streaming media playing method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method is applied to the above distributed transmission network, where the distributed transmission network includes a signaling server and a plurality of transmission devices, and the plurality of transmission devices includes a first transmission device, a second transmission device, and a third transmission device, where the first transmission device is a source transmission device of a first multimedia data stream, the second transmission device has an access to a playing end that subscribes to the first multimedia data stream, and the third transmission device is a source transmission device of a second multimedia data stream. Based on this situation, the streaming media playing method provided by this embodiment may include the following steps:
601. the second transmission equipment acquires a switching instruction sent by the first transmission equipment, the switching instruction indicates that the first multimedia data stream is switched to the second multimedia data stream, and the first transmission equipment receives the switching instruction sent by the signaling server.
602. And the second transmission equipment acquires a second multimedia data stream from the third transmission equipment according to the switching instruction, sends the second multimedia data stream to the playing end, and stops sending the first multimedia data stream to the playing end.
The second transmission device obtains the switching instruction sent by the first transmission device, and the method specifically includes: the second transmission equipment establishes a multi-hop source returning path with the first transmission equipment, and acquires a first multimedia data stream and a switching instruction through the multi-hop source returning path. The sending sequence of the switching instruction and the first multimedia data stream between the previous-hop transmission equipment and the next-hop transmission equipment in the multi-hop back-to-source path is as follows: the switching instruction is sent first, and then the first multimedia data stream is sent.
In addition, in an optional embodiment, assuming that the second transmission device accesses the merge server, at this time, the method further includes:
the second transmission equipment receives a first stream pulling request corresponding to a first multimedia data stream and a second stream pulling request corresponding to a third multimedia data stream, wherein the first stream pulling request comprises a role identifier of the confluence server;
the second transmission equipment respectively pulls the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream according to the first pulling request and the second pulling request, and sends the pulled first multimedia data stream and the pulled third multimedia data stream to the confluence server, so that the confluence server merges the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream to obtain a second multimedia data stream, and the second multimedia data stream is pushed to the third transmission equipment;
and when the second transmission equipment acquires the switching instruction, the switching instruction is not executed on the confluence server according to the role identification.
In this embodiment, the detailed execution process of the second transmission device may refer to the related descriptions in the foregoing other embodiments, which are not described herein again.
The stream switching scheme of the multimedia data stream provided by the embodiment of the invention can be applied to various application scenes, such as live broadcast, video conference, online education and the like.
In a live scene, the first multimedia data stream may be a video stream of a certain anchor a, and the second multimedia data stream may be a video stream obtained by merging video streams of two or more anchors. Wherein, for example, anchor a and anchor B trigger the interactive behavior of connecting to the microphone, thereby triggering the merging of the corresponding video streams. After a management party (such as a live broadcast platform) sends a switching instruction for switching a first multimedia data stream into a second multimedia data stream, through implementation of the stream switching scheme, a playing end of a viewer who subscribes to the anchor a is switched from an originally played video stream of the anchor a to playing a live broadcast video stream.
In a video conference scenario, the first multimedia data stream may be a video stream corresponding to K1 participants, and the second multimedia data stream may be a video stream corresponding to K1+ K2 participants, for example, when a video conference is performed by K1 participants, K2 participants are added later. After the management party (e.g., video conference software) issues a switching instruction for switching the first multimedia data stream to the second multimedia data stream, the playback ends of the K1+ K2 participants are switched to play the video streams corresponding to the K1+ K2 participants by implementing the stream switching scheme.
In an online education scenario, the first multimedia data stream may be a video stream corresponding to teacher X and N1 classmates, and the second multimedia data stream may be a video stream corresponding to teacher X, teacher Y and N1 classmates, for example, teacher X triggers a microphone with teacher Y during teaching. After the management party (for example, the live broadcast platform) sends a switching instruction for switching the first multimedia data stream to the second multimedia data stream, the implementation of the stream switching scheme can switch the playing ends of the N1 classmates to play the video stream after the attack of the microphone.
The streaming media playing apparatus of one or more embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these means can each be constructed using commercially available hardware components and by performing the steps taught in this disclosure.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a streaming media playing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus is located in a first transmission device in the foregoing distributed transmission network, as shown in fig. 7, the apparatus includes: a receiving module 11 and a sending module 12.
A receiving module 11, configured to receive a switching instruction sent by the signaling server, where the switching instruction indicates to switch the first multimedia data stream into the second multimedia data stream.
A sending module 12, configured to transmit the switching instruction to a second transmission device, so that the second transmission device obtains the second multimedia data stream from a third transmission device according to the switching instruction, sends the second multimedia data stream to a playing end, and stops sending the first multimedia data stream to the playing end, where the first transmission device is a source transmission device of the first multimedia data stream, the second transmission device has access to the playing end that subscribes to the first multimedia data stream, and the third transmission device is a source transmission device of the second multimedia data stream.
Optionally, the sending module 12 is specifically configured to: the first transmission equipment transmits the switching instruction and the first multimedia data stream to the second transmission equipment hop by hop based on a multi-hop source returning path between the first transmission equipment and the second transmission equipment; wherein, the sending sequence of the switching instruction and the first multimedia data stream between the previous-hop transmission device and the next-hop transmission device in the multi-hop back-to-source path is as follows: and sending the switching instruction first and then sending the first multimedia data stream.
The apparatus shown in fig. 7 may perform the steps performed by the first transmission device in the foregoing embodiment, and the detailed performing process and technical effect refer to the description in the foregoing embodiment, which are not described herein again.
In one possible design, the structure of the streaming media playing apparatus shown in fig. 7 may be implemented as a first transmission device located in the foregoing distributed transmission network, as shown in fig. 8, where the first transmission device may include: a first processor 21, a first memory 22, a first communication interface 23. Wherein the first memory 22 has stored thereon executable code which, when executed by the first processor 21, makes the first processor 21 at least operable to carry out the steps performed by the first transmission device as in the previous embodiments.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a streaming media playing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the apparatus is located in a second transmission device in the foregoing distributed transmission network, as shown in fig. 9, the apparatus includes: an acquisition module 31 and a switching module 32.
The obtaining module 31 is configured to obtain a switching instruction sent by a first transmission device, where the switching instruction indicates to switch a first multimedia data stream into a second multimedia data stream, the first transmission device receives the switching instruction sent by a signaling server, the first transmission device is a source transmission device of the first multimedia data stream, and the second transmission device is connected to a playing end that subscribes to the first multimedia data stream.
A switching module 32, configured to obtain the second multimedia data stream from a third transmission device according to the switching instruction, send the second multimedia data stream to a playing end, and stop sending the first multimedia data stream to the playing end, where the third transmission device is a source transmission device of the second multimedia data stream.
Optionally, the obtaining module 31 is specifically configured to: the second transmission equipment establishes a multi-hop source returning path between the second transmission equipment and the first transmission equipment, and acquires the first multimedia data stream and the switching instruction through the multi-hop source returning path; wherein, the sending sequence of the switching instruction and the first multimedia data stream between the previous-hop transmission device and the next-hop transmission device in the multi-hop back-to-source path is as follows: and sending the switching instruction first and then sending the first multimedia data stream.
Optionally, the second transmission device has access to a merge server, and the obtaining module 31 may be further configured to: receiving a first pull request corresponding to the first multimedia data stream and a second pull request corresponding to a third multimedia data stream, which are sent by the confluence server, wherein the first pull request comprises a role identifier of the confluence server; respectively pulling the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream according to the first pulling request and the second pulling request, and sending the pulled first multimedia data stream and the pulled third multimedia data stream to the confluence server, so that the confluence server merges the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream to obtain the second multimedia data stream, and pushes the second multimedia data stream to the third transmission equipment; and when the switching instruction is obtained, the switching instruction is not executed to the confluence server according to the role identification.
The apparatus shown in fig. 9 may perform the steps performed by the second transmission device in the foregoing embodiment, and the detailed performing process and technical effect refer to the description in the foregoing embodiment, which are not described herein again.
In one possible design, the structure of the streaming media playing apparatus shown in fig. 9 may be implemented as a second transmission device located in the foregoing distributed transmission network, and as shown in fig. 10, the second transmission device may include: a second processor 41, a second memory 42, a second communication interface 43. Wherein the second memory 42 has stored thereon executable code which, when executed by the second processor 41, makes the second processor 41 at least operable to carry out the steps performed by the second transmission device as in the previous embodiments.
In addition, the present invention provides a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, which stores executable code thereon, and when the executable code is executed by a processor of a transmission device, the processor is enabled to implement at least the streaming media playing method as provided in the foregoing embodiments.
The above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by adding a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, can also be implemented by a combination of hardware and software. With this understanding in mind, the above-described aspects and portions of the present technology which contribute substantially or in part to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a computer program product, which may be embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media having computer-usable program code embodied therein, including without limitation disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A streaming media playing system, comprising: a signaling server and a plurality of transmission devices;
the signaling server is configured to receive a switching instruction, and transmit the switching instruction to a first transmission device, where the switching instruction indicates to switch a first multimedia data stream into a second multimedia data stream, and the first transmission device is a source transmission device of the first multimedia data stream;
the first transmission device is configured to transmit the switching instruction to a second transmission device, where the second transmission device is a transmission device that is accessed by a playing end that subscribes to the first multimedia data stream;
the second transmission device is configured to obtain the second multimedia data stream from a third transmission device according to the switching instruction, send the second multimedia data stream to the playing end, and stop sending the first multimedia data stream to the playing end, where the third transmission device is a source transmission device of the second multimedia data stream.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second transmission device is specifically configured to: establishing a multi-hop source returning path between the first transmission equipment and the first transmission equipment, and acquiring the first multimedia data stream and the switching instruction through the multi-hop source returning path;
the first transmission device is specifically configured to: transmitting the switching instruction and the first multimedia data stream to the second transmission equipment hop by hop through the multi-hop back-to-source path;
wherein, the sending sequence of the switching instruction and the first multimedia data stream between the previous-hop transmission device and the next-hop transmission device in the multi-hop back-to-source path is as follows: and sending the switching instruction first and then sending the first multimedia data stream.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the second multimedia data stream is a merged multimedia data stream of the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream.
4. The system of claim 3, further comprising:
the merging server is used for sending a first pull request corresponding to the first multimedia data stream and a second pull request corresponding to the third multimedia data stream to fourth transmission equipment, wherein the first pull request comprises a role identifier of the merging server; merging the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream fed back by the fourth transmission device to obtain a second multimedia data stream, and pushing the second multimedia data stream to the third transmission device;
the fourth transmission device is configured to pull the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream according to the first pull request and the second pull request, and, when receiving the switching instruction, not execute the switching instruction on the merge server according to the role identifier; the fourth transmission device is included in the plurality of transmission devices.
5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
the scheduling server is used for responding to a stream pushing request corresponding to the first multimedia data stream, determining the first transmission equipment matched with the stream pushing user position contained in the stream pushing request, and storing the first multimedia data stream into the first transmission equipment; and responding to a pull stream request triggered by the playing end to the first multimedia data stream, and determining the second transmission equipment matched with the pull stream user position contained in the pull stream request so that the playing end can access the second transmission equipment.
6. A streaming media playing method is applied to a signaling server and a plurality of transmission devices, wherein the plurality of transmission devices include a first transmission device, a second transmission device and a third transmission device, wherein the first transmission device is a source transmission device of a first multimedia data stream, the second transmission device is accessed with a playing terminal subscribing to the first multimedia data stream, and the third transmission device is a source transmission device of a second multimedia data stream;
the method comprises the following steps:
the first transmission equipment receives a switching instruction sent by the signaling server, wherein the switching instruction indicates that a first multimedia data stream is switched to a second multimedia data stream;
and the first transmission equipment transmits the switching instruction to the second transmission equipment, so that the second transmission equipment acquires the second multimedia data stream from the third transmission equipment according to the switching instruction, sends the second multimedia data stream to the playing end, and stops sending the first multimedia data stream to the playing end.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first transmitting device transmitting the handover instruction to the second transmitting device comprises:
the first transmission equipment transmits the switching instruction and the first multimedia data stream to the second transmission equipment hop by hop based on a multi-hop source returning path between the first transmission equipment and the second transmission equipment;
wherein, the sending sequence of the switching instruction and the first multimedia data stream between the previous-hop transmission device and the next-hop transmission device in the multi-hop back-to-source path is as follows: and sending the switching instruction first and then sending the first multimedia data stream.
8. A streaming media playing method is applied to a signaling server and a plurality of transmission devices, wherein the plurality of transmission devices include a first transmission device, a second transmission device and a third transmission device, wherein the first transmission device is a source transmission device of a first multimedia data stream, the second transmission device is accessed with a playing terminal subscribing to the first multimedia data stream, and the third transmission device is a source transmission device of a second multimedia data stream;
the method comprises the following steps:
the second transmission equipment acquires a switching instruction sent by the first transmission equipment, the switching instruction indicates that a first multimedia data stream is switched to a second multimedia data stream, and the first transmission equipment receives the switching instruction sent by the signaling server;
and the second transmission equipment acquires the second multimedia data stream from the third transmission equipment according to the switching instruction, sends the second multimedia data stream to the playing end, and stops sending the first multimedia data stream to the playing end.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the second transmission device obtaining the handover command sent by the first transmission device comprises:
the second transmission equipment establishes a multi-hop source returning path between the second transmission equipment and the first transmission equipment, and acquires the first multimedia data stream and the switching instruction through the multi-hop source returning path;
wherein, the sending sequence of the switching instruction and the first multimedia data stream between the previous-hop transmission device and the next-hop transmission device in the multi-hop back-to-source path is as follows: and sending the switching instruction first and then sending the first multimedia data stream.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the second transmission device has access to a merge server, the method further comprising:
the second transmission equipment receives a first pull request corresponding to the first multimedia data stream and a second pull request corresponding to a third multimedia data stream, which are sent by the confluence server, wherein the first pull request comprises a role identifier of the confluence server;
the second transmission device respectively pulls the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream according to the first pull request and the second pull request, and sends the pulled first multimedia data stream and the pulled third multimedia data stream to the confluence server, so that the confluence server combines the first multimedia data stream and the third multimedia data stream to obtain the second multimedia data stream, and the second multimedia data stream is pushed to the third transmission device;
and when the second transmission equipment acquires the switching instruction, the switching instruction is not executed to the confluence server according to the role identification.
11. A first transmission apparatus, comprising: a memory, a processor, a communication interface; wherein the memory has stored thereon executable code which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the streaming media playing method according to claim 6 or 7.
12. A second transmission device, comprising: a memory, a processor, a communication interface; wherein the memory has stored thereon executable code which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the streaming media playing method according to any of claims 8 to 10.
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