CN113611936B - Thermal runaway management device for energy storage lithium battery and installation control method thereof - Google Patents
Thermal runaway management device for energy storage lithium battery and installation control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113611936B CN113611936B CN202110781778.0A CN202110781778A CN113611936B CN 113611936 B CN113611936 B CN 113611936B CN 202110781778 A CN202110781778 A CN 202110781778A CN 113611936 B CN113611936 B CN 113611936B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a thermal runaway management device of an energy storage lithium battery and an installation control method thereof, wherein the thermal runaway management device comprises at least two battery monomers, a closed container, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a control device, a pressure relief device and a heat dissipation device; at least two battery monomers are arranged in the closed container, and cooling liquid is arranged in the closed container to submerge the at least two battery monomers; the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are arranged in the closed container and are respectively in communication connection with a control device outside the closed container; the heat dissipation device is arranged outside the closed container and is attached to the outer wall of the container; the pressure release device is arranged outside the closed container and is communicated with the upper space of the liquid level of the cooling liquid, and the control device is in communication connection with the heat dissipation device and the pressure release device. The invention also discloses an installation control method of the battery thermal runaway management device, which is implemented by the device. The lithium battery is completely submerged in the cooling liquid, the temperature and the pressure of the container are monitored, the cooling liquid is used for evaporating and cooling the battery, and the thermal runaway of the battery is restrained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric power energy, in particular to an energy storage lithium battery thermal runaway management device and an installation control method thereof.
Background
Thermal runaway of an energy storage lithium battery is the biggest potential safety hazard when the energy storage lithium battery is used, thermal runaway inhibition and management are also difficulties when the energy storage lithium battery is used, and various measures such as forced air circulation cooling or coolant passing through a heat exchanger are adopted to reduce the temperature of the energy storage lithium battery at present; the spread of thermal runaway between adjacent energy storage lithium cells is controlled by means of thermal isolation and heat removal. However, after thermal runaway occurs in the energy storage lithium battery, a large amount of heat can be emitted in a short time, the temperature rises sharply, even explosion occurs, and the explosion is easy to reburning after extinguishment, so that the existing control means cannot ensure the safe operation of the energy storage lithium battery, and a more proper thermal runaway inhibition mode needs to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an energy storage lithium battery thermal runaway management device capable of ensuring safe operation of an energy storage lithium battery and an installation control method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the energy storage lithium battery thermal runaway management device comprises at least two energy storage lithium battery monomers, a closed container, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a control device, a pressure relief device and a heat dissipation device;
the at least two energy storage lithium battery cells are arranged in the closed container, and cooling liquid is arranged in the closed container to submerge the at least two energy storage lithium battery cells;
the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are arranged in the closed container and are respectively in communication connection with the control device outside the closed container so as to transmit temperature data and pressure data to the control device;
the heat dissipation device is arranged outside the closed container and is attached to the outer wall of the container, and the control device is in communication connection with the heat dissipation device so as to dissipate heat of the closed container according to the detected temperature data in the closed container;
the pressure relief device is arranged outside the closed container and is communicated with the upper space of the liquid level of the cooling liquid, and the control device is in communication connection with the pressure relief device so as to control the pressure in the closed container according to the detected pressure data in the closed container.
Preferably, the pressure relief device includes a gas discharge passage communicating the outside with the coolant liquid head space, and an on-off valve provided on the gas discharge passage and communicatively connected to the control device.
Preferably, the pressure relief device further comprises a pressure relief piece, the gas discharge channel is divided into a first channel and a second channel, and the pressure relief piece is arranged on the second channel which is connected with the switch valve in parallel; the switch valve is arranged on the first channel to control the opening and closing of the first channel.
Preferably, the pressure release piece is an explosion-proof membrane, and the explosion pressure of the explosion-proof membrane is lower than the maximum working pressure of the closed container.
Preferably, the cooling liquid has a boiling temperature in the range of 46 ℃ to 100 ℃.
Preferably, the heat dissipating device comprises a heat radiator and a heat dissipating fan, wherein the heat radiator is arranged on the closed container and attached to the outer wall of the container, and the heat dissipating fan is arranged on the side wall of the heat radiator.
The invention also constructs an installation control method of the thermal runaway management device of the energy storage lithium battery, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, setting a closed container, and installing at least two energy storage lithium battery monomers in the closed container; placing a cooling liquid in the closed container and submerging the at least two energy storage lithium battery monomers;
step S2, a control device is arranged outside the closed container; a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged in the closed container and are respectively in communication connection with the control device outside the closed container so as to transmit temperature data and pressure data to the control device;
step S3, arranging a heat dissipation device on the outer wall of the closed container and attached to the outer wall of the container, wherein the control device controls the heat dissipation device to conduct heat dissipation treatment according to the temperature data of the temperature sensor;
when the temperature of the cooling liquid is higher than a first preset temperature, a power supply loop of the energy storage lithium battery is disconnected, and the heat dissipation device is started to dissipate heat;
stopping running the heat dissipation device when the temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced to a second preset temperature;
wherein the second preset temperature is lower than the first preset temperature;
and S4, a pressure relief device is arranged outside the closed container and is communicated with the upper space of the liquid level of the cooling liquid, and the control device is in communication connection with the pressure relief device so as to control the pressure in the closed container according to the pressure data.
Preferably, after step S4, the following steps are further included:
s5, arranging a pressure relief device outside the closed container, wherein the pressure relief device comprises a gas discharge channel and a switch valve, wherein the gas discharge channel is communicated with the outside and the space above the liquid level of the cooling liquid; the switch valve is arranged on the gas discharge channel and is in communication connection with the control device;
the control device controls the switch valve according to the temperature and the pressure of the cooling liquid; when the control device detects that the pressure in the closed container is greater than a first preset air pressure value and/or the temperature of the cooling liquid reaches a boiling point, the switching valve is opened, the cooling liquid steam is discharged out of the closed container, and meanwhile, a power supply loop of an energy storage lithium battery pack formed by at least two energy storage lithium battery monomers is disconnected;
when the pressure in the closed container is reduced to be within a second preset air pressure value and the temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced to a third preset temperature, the switch valve is closed;
wherein the second preset air pressure value is lower than the first preset air pressure value.
Preferably, after the step S5, the method further includes:
s6, arranging the gas discharge channel into a first channel and a second channel respectively, and arranging a pressure relief piece on the pressure relief device, wherein the pressure relief piece is arranged on the second channel which is connected with the switch valve in parallel; the switch valve is arranged on the first channel to control the opening and closing of the first channel; and when the pressure in the closed container rises sharply, the pressure of the second channel is relieved through the pressure relief piece.
Preferably, the step S3 further includes:
and step S3-1, when the temperature rising rate of the energy storage lithium battery pack exceeds a preset temperature rising rate, warning information is sent out.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention adopts a liquid direct cooling mode to control the thermal runaway of the energy storage lithium battery, and the liquid is also used as a fire extinguishing material. The energy storage lithium battery is completely submerged in a proper cooling liquid, the temperature rise of the energy storage lithium battery is limited by utilizing the high heat exchange efficiency of the cooling liquid and the high heat capacity during evaporation, the temperature and the pressure of a container are monitored, and the operation of related equipment is controlled, so that the thermal runaway of the energy storage lithium battery is restrained, and under the condition that the thermal runaway of the individual energy storage lithium battery occurs, the fire disaster is prevented by the containment of the container, the cooling and the choking action of the liquid and the vapor thereof.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of example 2;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an installation control method step S1 of embodiment 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an installation control method step S3 of embodiment 2;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of some embodiments of the installation control method of embodiment 2;
fig. 6 is a flow chart of another embodiment of the installation control method of embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "longitudinal", "transverse", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "head", "tail", etc. are configured and operated in specific directions based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have specific directions, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
It should also be noted that unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "secured," "disposed," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. When an element is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, it can be "directly" or "indirectly" on the other element or one or more intervening elements may also be present. The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, whereby features defining "first," "second," "third," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such features. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as the particular system architecture, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
In embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention constructs a thermal runaway management device for an energy storage lithium battery, which comprises at least two energy storage lithium battery cells 1, a closed container 2, a temperature sensor 3, a pressure sensor 4, a control device 5, a pressure relief device 6 and a heat dissipation device 7. At least two energy storage lithium battery monomers 1 are arranged in the closed container 2, and cooling liquid 8 is arranged in the closed container 2 to submerge the at least two energy storage lithium battery monomers 1.
The temperature sensor 3 and the pressure sensor 4 are arranged inside the closed container 2 and are respectively connected with the control device 5 outside the closed container 2 in a communication way so as to transmit temperature data and pressure data to the control device 5. Specifically, the temperature sensor 3 is disposed below the liquid level inside the closed container 2, and a temperature sensor 3 is disposed near each of the energy storage lithium battery cells 1 to accurately measure the temperature of the cooling liquid 8 around each of the energy storage lithium battery cells 1. The pressure sensor 4 is provided on the liquid level inside the closed vessel 2 to detect the pressure inside the vessel.
The heat dissipation device 7 is arranged on the closed container 2 and attached to the outer wall of the container, and the heat dissipation coverage area of the heat dissipation device 7 is similar to the side surface area of the liquid container in size so as to achieve good heat dissipation effect. The control device 5 is in communication connection with the heat dissipation device 7 so as to dissipate heat inside the closed container 2 according to temperature data;
the pressure relief device 6 is arranged outside the closed container 2 and is communicated with the upper space of the liquid level of the cooling liquid 8, and the control device 5 is in communication connection with the pressure relief device 6 so as to control the pressure in the closed container 2 according to the pressure data and avoid the thermal runaway caused by overlarge pressure of the container.
Specifically, the airtight container 2 and the pressure relief device 6 can be connected in an integrally formed manner, so as to ensure good tightness of the device. Alternatively, in some embodiments, other attachment means may be used, such as welding, or other removable attachment means. When the detachable connection mode is adopted for connection, although the sealing performance may not reach the optimal effect, the maintenance can be quickly and conveniently carried out when the pressure relief device 6 is damaged and air leakage occurs. And thus can be adjusted according to actual use conditions.
Further, still be equipped with mounting bracket 21 in the airtight container 2, mounting bracket 21 support body is rectangle, except setting up mounting bracket 21 to outside the singlelayer, can also divide into two-layer or more than two-layer structure, can satisfy the condition that needs to manage a plurality of energy storage lithium batteries, save device's space. The mounting frame 21 is provided with a partition plate 22, and the partition plate 22 at least partitions the mounting frame 21 into two battery mounting grids, and the energy storage lithium battery unit 1 is mounted in the battery mounting grids. The temperature sensor 3 is correspondingly arranged on one side of each battery installation grid, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid 8 around each energy storage lithium battery monomer 1 can be accurately monitored, and effective management is realized.
Further, the pressure relief device 6 includes a gas discharge passage 61 communicating the outside with the head space of the cooling liquid 8 and an on-off valve 62, and the on-off valve 62 is provided on the gas discharge passage 61 and is communicatively connected to the control device 5.
Specifically, the gas discharge passage 61 is divided into a first passage and a second passage, and an on-off valve 62 is provided on the first passage to control opening and closing of the first passage. The pressure release part is arranged on the second channel, when the thermal runaway energy storage lithium battery knocks, the pressure in the container rises sharply, and when the pressure release is not finished by the switch valve 62 on the first channel, the pressure release part rapidly bursts the second channel to release the pressure so as to ensure the safety of the container.
Further, the management device further comprises a pressure release piece, and the pressure release piece is arranged on the pressure release device 6 to complete rapid pressure release.
Specifically, the switch valve 62 is disposed on the first channel, and the pressure release member is disposed on the second channel parallel to the switch valve 62, so that when the first channel cannot timely control normal pressure release, the pressure release member can be quickly exploded to burst the second channel to control the pressure in the closed container 2. The first channel may be a straight channel and the second channel may be a parallel channel leading from the first channel and communicating with the first channel.
The pressure relief member corresponds to a blind plate that is blocked in the second channel and does not affect the controlled opening and closing of the on-off valve 62 to the first channel, and is independently managed to the second channel.
Further, the pressure release part is an explosion-proof membrane 63, the explosion pressure of the explosion-proof membrane 63 is lower than the maximum working pressure of the closed container 2, and a margin of more than 20% is left. The safety of the closed container 2 is ensured.
Further, the boiling temperature range of the cooling liquid 8 is 46-100 ℃. The choice of cooling liquid 8 is critical to the implementation of the method. First, the cooling liquid 8 needs an inert liquid that is insulating, non-toxic, non-flammable, non-chemically reactive with the various materials of the energy storage lithium battery, and environmentally friendly. The boiling temperature of the cooling liquid 8 is suitable. The SEI film of the lithium energy storage lithium battery starts to decompose at 100 ℃, and the diaphragm melts at 150 ℃, so that a large-scale internal short circuit is caused, and thermal runaway is caused, so that the evaporation temperature of the cooling liquid 8 under normal pressure is required to be below 100 ℃. The viscosity of the cooling liquid 8 is low, the liquid convection heat exchange is facilitated, and the evaporation temperature is preferably above 46 ℃ in order to keep the liquid state under normal conditions. The latent heat of evaporation of the cooling liquid 8 is large, and a small amount of liquid can be evaporated to take away a large amount of heat. The boiling point of the partial fluoridation liquid is between 46 ℃ and 100 ℃, meets the requirements, and is suitable for being used as a thermal runaway inhibition medium for directly cooling the lithium energy storage lithium battery.
Further, the heat dissipating device 7 includes a heat sink 71 and a heat dissipating fan 72, the heat sink 71 is disposed on the sealed container 2 and attached to the outer wall of the container, and the heat dissipating fan 72 is disposed on the side wall of the heat sink 71. The radiator 71 can be opened to radiate heat in the whole course, and when the temperature data is detected to be too high, the radiating fan 72 is opened to further assist in accelerating the radiation. A heat dissipation fan 72 may be provided on each sidewall to accelerate heat dissipation. The control box can separately manage and control the heat dissipation fans 72 on a plurality of different side walls so as to achieve better heat dissipation effect while saving energy.
Embodiment 2 as shown in fig. 2, the present invention further constructs an installation control method of a thermal runaway management device of an energy storage lithium battery, comprising:
step S1, a closed container 2 is arranged, and at least two energy storage lithium battery monomers 1 are arranged in the closed container 2; a cooling liquid 8 is put into the closed container 2 and submerges at least two energy storage lithium battery monomers 1; the liquid level of the added cooling liquid 8 is required to always submerge the energy storage lithium batteries, and the thermal runaway of at least one fully charged energy storage lithium battery is ensured, and after part of the cooling liquid 8 is heated and evaporated, the submerged state of all the energy storage lithium batteries can be still maintained;
as shown in fig. 3, further, in step S1, the following steps are included:
step S1-1, arranging a closed container 2, arranging a mounting frame 21 in the closed container 2, and mounting at least two energy storage lithium battery monomers 1 on the mounting frame 21;
and S1-2, placing cooling liquid 8 in the closed container 2, and controlling the liquid level of the cooling liquid 8 to be higher than the height of the mounting frame 21 so as to ensure that the cooling liquid 8 submerges at least two energy storage lithium battery monomers 1.
The installation frame 21 is arranged in the sealed container 2, the energy storage lithium battery monomers 1 are respectively installed on the installation frame 21, appropriate gaps are reserved among the energy storage lithium batteries, a plurality of energy storage lithium batteries are managed conveniently, and the space of the device is saved. The mounting frame 21 is provided with a partition plate 22, and the partition plate 22 at least partitions the mounting frame 21 into two battery mounting grids, and the energy storage lithium battery unit 1 is mounted in the battery mounting grids. The temperature sensor 3 is correspondingly arranged on one side of each battery installation grid, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid 8 around each energy storage lithium battery monomer 1 can be accurately monitored, and effective management is realized.
Step S2, a control device 5 is arranged outside the closed container 2; the control device 5 controls the relevant equipment mainly based on the detected data in the closed container 2. A temperature sensor 3 and a pressure sensor 4 are arranged inside the closed container 2 and are respectively connected with a control device 5 outside the closed container 2 in a communication way so as to transmit temperature data and pressure data to the control device 5; specifically, at least one temperature sensor 3 and one pressure sensor 4 are provided inside the closed casing 2. The temperature sensor 3 is arranged below the liquid level in the closed container 2, and the pressure sensor 4 is arranged on the liquid level in the closed container 2.
In order to improve the accuracy of the measurement, a temperature sensor 3 may be disposed near each of the energy storage lithium battery cells 1 to accurately measure the temperature of the cooling liquid 8 around each of the energy storage lithium battery cells 1. At least one pressure sensor 4 is arranged on the liquid level inside the closed vessel 2 to detect the pressure inside the vessel.
Further, the control device 5 includes, but is not limited to, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a central processing unit, a field programmable gate array, a programmable logic device, a state machine, a logic circuit, an analog circuit, a digital circuit, and/or any device that operates on signals based on operation instructions, analog and/or digital, which may be modified or innovated as required by a commercially available master control MCU, etc., and will not be further described herein.
Step S3, arranging a heat dissipation device 7 on the sealed container 2 and attached to the outer wall of the container, and controlling the heat dissipation device 7 by the control device 5 according to the temperature data of the temperature sensor 3 to perform heat dissipation treatment; in the present embodiment, the heat dissipating device 7 is disposed and attached to the outer side of the closed container 2, but not limited to being disposed on one side, the heat dissipating devices 7 may be disposed on both sides of the closed container 2, and the number and the disposition positions of the heat dissipating devices 7 may be adjusted according to practical situations.
When the temperature of the cooling liquid 8 is higher than a first preset temperature, a power supply loop of the energy storage lithium battery is disconnected, and a heat dissipation device 7 is started to dissipate heat;
when the temperature of the cooling liquid 8 is reduced to a second preset temperature, stopping the operation of the heat dissipation device 7;
wherein the second preset temperature is lower than the first preset temperature;
for example, the ambient temperature around the device under normal conditions may be measured first, the first preset temperature is set to ambient temperature +5℃, and the second preset temperature is set to ambient temperature +1℃. Then, when the control device 5 detects that the temperature of the cooling liquid 8 in the closed container 2 is higher than the ambient temperature by more than 5 ℃, a fan is started to perform forced air cooling heat dissipation; when the temperature of the cooling liquid 8 drops below 1 deg.c only above the ambient temperature, the fan is shut down. It is understood that the temperature setting ranges of the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature are not limited thereto, and may be adjusted according to actual conditions.
As shown in fig. 4, further, in step S3, the method further includes:
and step S3-1, when the temperature rising rate of the energy storage lithium battery pack exceeds the preset temperature rising rate, warning information is sent out. The warning information can be sent out through the audible and visual alarm to prompt the manager to pay attention to the monitoring device, the heat dissipation can be further enhanced through related measures, corresponding countermeasures can be timely taken for emergency, and safety accidents are avoided.
And S4, arranging a pressure relief device 6 outside the closed container 2 and communicating with the upper space of the liquid level of the cooling liquid 8, wherein the control device 5 is in communication connection with the pressure relief device 6 so as to control the pressure in the closed container 2 according to the pressure data.
As shown in fig. 5, further, after step S4, the following steps are further included:
step S5, a pressure relief device 6 is arranged outside the closed container 2, and the pressure relief device 6 comprises a gas discharge channel 61 and a switch valve 62 which are communicated with the outside and the space above the liquid level of the cooling liquid 8; the on-off valve 62 is provided on the gas discharge passage 61 and is communicatively connected to the control device 5;
the control device 5 controls the switch valve 62 according to the temperature and the pressure of the cooling liquid 8; the control device 5 determines whether or not the current state of the coolant 8 is boiling by combining the temperature data and the pressure data in the closed vessel 2, and thereby controls the on-off valve 62.
When the control device 5 detects that the pressure in the closed container 2 is greater than a first preset air pressure value and/or the temperature of the cooling liquid 8 reaches a boiling point, the switch valve 62 is opened, the cooling liquid 8 steam is discharged out of the closed container 2, and the power supply loop of the energy storage lithium battery pack formed by at least two energy storage lithium battery monomers 1 is disconnected.
When the pressure in the closed vessel 2 falls within the second preset air pressure value and the temperature of the cooling liquid 8 falls to the third preset temperature, the on-off valve 62 is closed.
Wherein the second preset air pressure value is lower than the first preset air pressure value.
For example, the first preset air pressure value is set to be standard atmospheric pressure, the second preset air pressure value is set to be within 105% of atmospheric pressure, and the third preset temperature is set to be 5 ℃ or more than 5 ℃ of the boiling point of the cooling liquid 8, then when the pressure in the closed container 2 is detected to be higher than the standard atmospheric pressure, for example, when the atmospheric pressure is 110%, and/or when the temperature of the cooling liquid 8 reaches the boiling point, a valve is opened to perform air discharge, and meanwhile, the power supply circuit of the energy storage lithium battery pack is disconnected;
when it is detected that the pressure in the sealed container 2 falls to within 105% of the atmospheric pressure and the temperature of the cooling liquid 8 falls to 5 ℃ or higher below the boiling point of the cooling liquid 8, the on-off valve 62 is closed, and the exhaust is stopped.
As shown in fig. 6, further, after step S5, the method further includes:
step S6, arranging a gas discharge channel 61 into a first channel and a second channel respectively, and arranging a pressure relief piece on the pressure relief device 6, wherein the pressure relief piece is arranged on the second channel which is connected with the switch valve 62 in parallel; an on-off valve 62 is provided on the first passage to control opening and closing of the first passage; when the pressure in the closed container 2 rises sharply, the pressure in the second passage is released by the pressure release member. The pressure relief member corresponds to a blind plate that is blocked in the second channel and does not affect the controlled opening and closing of the on-off valve 62 to the first channel, and is independently managed to the second channel.
Further, the pressure release part is an explosion-proof membrane 63, the explosion pressure of the explosion-proof membrane 63 is lower than the maximum working pressure of the closed container 2, and a margin of more than 20% is left. The safety of the closed container 2 is ensured.
The invention adopts a liquid direct cooling mode to control the thermal runaway of the energy storage lithium battery, and the liquid is also used as a fire extinguishing material. The energy storage lithium battery is completely submerged in a proper cooling liquid, the temperature rise of the energy storage lithium battery is limited by utilizing the high heat exchange efficiency of the cooling liquid and the high heat capacity during evaporation, the temperature and the pressure of a container are monitored, and the operation of related equipment is controlled, so that the thermal runaway of the energy storage lithium battery is restrained, and under the condition that the thermal runaway of the individual energy storage lithium battery occurs, the fire disaster is prevented by the containment of the container, the cooling and the choking action of the liquid and the vapor thereof.
It is to be understood that the above examples only represent preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention; it should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, the above technical features can be freely combined, and several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention; therefore, all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (4)
1. The thermal runaway management device for the energy storage lithium battery is characterized by comprising at least two energy storage lithium battery monomers, a closed container, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a control device, a pressure relief device and a heat dissipation device;
the at least two energy storage lithium battery cells are arranged in the closed container, and cooling liquid is arranged in the closed container to submerge the at least two energy storage lithium battery cells;
the sealed container is internally provided with a mounting frame, the mounting frame is provided with a partition board, the partition board at least partitions the mounting frame into two battery mounting grids, and the energy storage lithium battery unit is mounted in the battery mounting grids;
the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are arranged in the closed container and are respectively in communication connection with the control device outside the closed container so as to transmit temperature data and pressure data to the control device; wherein, the temperature sensor is correspondingly arranged at one side of each battery mounting grid;
the heat dissipation device is arranged outside the closed container and is attached to the outer wall of the container, and the control device is in communication connection with the heat dissipation device so as to dissipate heat of the closed container according to the detected temperature data in the closed container; the heat dissipation device comprises a radiator and a heat dissipation fan, the radiator is arranged on the closed container and is attached to the outer wall of the container, and the heat dissipation fan is arranged on the side wall of the radiator; the radiator is started to radiate heat in the whole process, and the radiating fan is started when the temperature data is detected to be too high;
the pressure relief device is arranged outside the closed container and is communicated with the upper space of the liquid level of the cooling liquid, and the control device is in communication connection with the pressure relief device so as to control the pressure in the closed container according to the detected pressure data in the closed container;
the pressure relief device comprises a gas discharge channel and a switch valve, wherein the gas discharge channel is communicated with the outside and the upper space of the liquid level of the cooling liquid, and the switch valve is arranged on the gas discharge channel and is in communication connection with the control device; the pressure relief device further comprises a pressure relief piece, the gas discharge channel is divided into a first channel and a second channel, and the pressure relief piece is arranged on the second channel which is connected with the switch valve in parallel; the switch valve is arranged on the first channel to control the opening and closing of the first channel;
the pressure release piece is an explosion-proof film, the explosion pressure of the explosion-proof film is lower than the maximum working pressure of the closed container, and a margin of more than 20% is reserved.
2. The energy storage lithium battery thermal runaway management device of claim 1, wherein the coolant boiling point temperature range is 46 ℃ -100 ℃.
3. An installation control method of an energy storage lithium battery thermal runaway management device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, setting a closed container, and installing at least two energy storage lithium battery monomers in the closed container; placing a cooling liquid in the closed container and submerging the at least two energy storage lithium battery monomers; the energy storage lithium battery cell is characterized in that an installation frame is arranged in the closed container, a partition plate is arranged on the installation frame, the installation frame is at least divided into two battery installation grids by the partition plate, and the energy storage lithium battery cell is installed in the battery installation grids;
step S2, a control device is arranged outside the closed container; a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged in the closed container and are respectively in communication connection with the control device outside the closed container so as to transmit temperature data and pressure data to the control device; wherein, a temperature sensor is arranged on one side of each battery mounting grid;
step S3, arranging a heat dissipation device on the outer wall of the closed container and attached to the outer wall of the container, wherein the control device controls the heat dissipation device to conduct heat dissipation treatment according to the temperature data of the temperature sensor;
when the temperature of the cooling liquid is higher than a first preset temperature, a power supply loop of the energy storage lithium battery is disconnected, and the heat dissipation device is started to dissipate heat;
stopping running the heat dissipation device when the temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced to a second preset temperature;
wherein the second preset temperature is lower than the first preset temperature;
the heat dissipation device comprises a radiator and a heat dissipation fan, the radiator is arranged on the closed container and is attached to the outer wall of the container, and the heat dissipation fan is arranged on the side wall of the radiator; the radiator is started to radiate heat in the whole process, and the radiating fan is started when the temperature data is detected to be too high;
s4, a pressure relief device is arranged outside the closed container and is communicated with the upper space of the liquid level of the cooling liquid, and the control device is in communication connection with the pressure relief device so as to control the pressure in the closed container according to the pressure data;
the pressure relief device comprises a gas discharge channel and a switch valve, wherein the gas discharge channel is communicated with the outside and the space above the liquid level of the cooling liquid; the gas discharge channel is respectively arranged into a first channel and a second channel, and a pressure relief piece is arranged on the pressure relief device and is arranged on the second channel which is connected with the switch valve in parallel; the switch valve is arranged on the first channel and is in communication connection with the control device so as to control the opening and closing of the first channel; when the pressure in the closed container rises severely, the pressure of the second channel is relieved through the pressure relief piece;
the control device controls the switch valve according to the temperature and the pressure of the cooling liquid; when the control device detects that the pressure in the closed container is greater than a first preset air pressure value and/or the temperature of the cooling liquid reaches a boiling point, the switching valve is opened, the cooling liquid steam is discharged out of the closed container, and meanwhile, a power supply loop of an energy storage lithium battery pack formed by at least two energy storage lithium battery monomers is disconnected;
when the pressure in the closed container is reduced to be within a second preset air pressure value and the temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced to a third preset temperature, the switch valve is closed;
wherein the second preset air pressure value is lower than the first preset air pressure value.
4. The installation control method of the thermal runaway management device for an energy storage lithium battery according to claim 3, wherein the step S3 further comprises:
and step S3-1, when the temperature rising rate of the energy storage lithium battery pack exceeds a preset temperature rising rate, warning information is sent out.
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| JP2016197572A (en) * | 2015-04-06 | 2016-11-24 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Battery pack and method for manufacturing battery pack |
| CN113016100A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2021-06-22 | 3M创新有限公司 | Method for identifying overheating events in a single-phase immersion cooling system for battery cells |
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| CN204407448U (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-06-17 | 北京长城华冠汽车科技有限公司 | Immersion type battery case temperature control system |
| US20180358664A1 (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-13 | Mtd Products Inc | Rechargeable battery pack with active or passive cooling |
| CN107134605A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-09-05 | 四川国创成电池材料有限公司 | One kind evaporation cooling flame-proof battery system |
| FR3085545A1 (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-06 | Exoes | ELECTRIC MODULE COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF BATTERY CELLS UNDERWATER IN A DIELECTRIC FLUID |
| CA3116551A1 (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2020-04-23 | Electric Power Systems, Inc. | Thermal management of electrochemical storage devices |
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| JP2016197572A (en) * | 2015-04-06 | 2016-11-24 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Battery pack and method for manufacturing battery pack |
| CN113016100A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2021-06-22 | 3M创新有限公司 | Method for identifying overheating events in a single-phase immersion cooling system for battery cells |
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