CN113608339A - Combined zoom optical system - Google Patents
Combined zoom optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113608339A CN113608339A CN202110919445.XA CN202110919445A CN113608339A CN 113608339 A CN113608339 A CN 113608339A CN 202110919445 A CN202110919445 A CN 202110919445A CN 113608339 A CN113608339 A CN 113608339A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/02—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by changing, adding, or subtracting a part of the objective, e.g. convertible objective
- G02B15/10—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by changing, adding, or subtracting a part of the objective, e.g. convertible objective by adding a part, e.g. close-up attachment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/1821—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors for rotating or oscillating mirrors
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Abstract
The invention provides a combined type zooming optical system, which comprises a front-mounted afocal optical system, a rear-mounted zooming optical system and a focal length switching mirror, wherein the front-mounted afocal optical system is provided with a front-mounted optical lens and a rear-mounted zooming optical lens; the focal length switching lens can be arranged in an emergent light path of the front-mounted afocal optical system in a withdrawing way, so that an imaging light beam from an object space enters the rear-mounted zoom optical system, and the zoom switching of a long focal length range and a short focal length range is realized; the zoom optical system keeps the relative aperture of the full focus segment unchanged during zooming. The front-mounted afocal optical system and the rear-mounted zoom optical system can be independently designed and are easy to adjust.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of applied optics, and particularly relates to a refraction/refraction-reflection combined type zoom optical system.
Background
The zoom optical system can perform large-area small-magnification overview on an observed object and can perform small-area large-magnification detailed observation at the same time, and the zoom optical system has important application in the field of imaging. The zoom optical system mainly has three configurations of refraction type, refraction and reflection type. Since a large-sized optical material is difficult to obtain, it is difficult to realize a refractive zoom optical system having a large-caliber long-focal-length characteristic. The refraction-reflection type and reflection type zoom optical systems have limited degree of freedom in optimization design, and are difficult to realize reflection type zoom optical systems with characteristics of large view field and large zoom ratio.
1. The thesis of master's academic thesis ' study on visible/infrared common-aperture zoom optical system ' describes a catadioptric zoom optical system, where the front system is an off-axis two-mirror afocal system and the rear system is a transmission zoom system, which is partially similar to the solution of the present invention. In contrast, the design scheme of the paper works in the form of a catadioptric optical system in the whole process of optical zooming, and due to the characteristics of the catadioptric optical system, the system is not easy to realize a large optical field of view in a short focal length, as shown in fig. 1.
2. The design of novel catadioptric continuous zoom system [ J ] optics journal, 2011, 31(06): 237-. A novel refraction-reflection type continuous zooming system is disclosed, wherein a reflection type optical system part is a focusing optical system, and the adjustment difficulty of the optical system is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a combined zoom optical system, which mainly comprises a front-mounted afocal optical system, a focal section switching mirror and a rear-mounted zoom system, wherein the three main parts are combined to work, so that zoom imaging of the optical system can be realized, in the optical zooming process, the optical system can keep the aperture of a full focal section unchanged, and simultaneously, the zoom switching of a long focal section range and a short focal section range is realized through the focal section switching mirror. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a combined zoom optical system comprising: the device comprises a front-mounted afocal optical system, a rear-mounted zoom optical system and a focal length switching mirror;
the focal section switching mirror can be arranged in an emergent light path of the front afocal optical system in a withdrawing way;
the focal section switching mirror is arranged on an emergent light path of the front afocal optical system and reflects light beams emitted by the front afocal optical system to the rear zooming optical system;
the focal length switching mirror is withdrawn from an emergent light path of the front-mounted afocal optical system, and an imaging light beam from an object space directly enters the rear-mounted zoom optical system to realize zoom switching between a long focal length range and a short focal length range;
preferably, the focal length switching mirror is disposed at an exit pupil position of the front afocal optical system, the exit pupil position being outside the front afocal optical system.
Preferably, the focal length switching mirror is a plane mirror, and is withdrawn from the emergent light path of the front afocal optical system in a rotating or moving manner, so that the imaging light beam from the object space directly enters the rear zoom optical system.
Preferably, the entrance pupil position of the rear zoom optical system coincides with the exit pupil position of the front afocal optical system.
Preferably, the combined zoom optical system further comprises a mirror for deflecting the optical path, the mirror being disposed between the focal length switching mirror and the rear zoom optical system;
the reflector reflects the imaging light beam directly from the object space into the rear zooming optical system, or reflects the imaging light beam from the object space and emitted by the front afocal optical system into the rear zooming optical system.
Preferably, the front afocal optical system is an off-axis reflective afocal optical system or an on-axis reflective afocal optical system.
Preferably, the rear-mounted zoom optical system is one of a transmissive, reflective, single-band, multi-band, single-channel or multi-channel optical system.
Preferably, the combined zoom optical system further includes a dichroic mirror for realizing multi-channel imaging of the rear zoom optical system, the dichroic mirror being disposed in an incident light path of the rear zoom optical system and configured to split an imaging light beam from the object space into a first light beam reflected to a first channel of the rear zoom optical system and a second light beam transmitted to a second channel of the rear zoom optical system.
Preferably, the combined zoom optical system further includes an optical window disposed in front of the reflecting mirror to protect the rear zoom optical system.
The invention can obtain the following technical effects:
1. the invention realizes the zoom imaging of the optical system by combining the front-mounted afocal optical system, the focal section switching lens and the rear-mounted zoom optical system, and the optical system can keep the aperture of the full focal section unchanged in the optical zooming process.
2. The zoom switching between the long-focus range and the short-focus range is realized through the focus section switching mirror, and the focus section switching mirror is arranged outside the front-mounted afocal optical system and is easy to install and adjust.
3. The front-mounted afocal optical system and the rear-mounted zoom optical system can be designed independently, can be assembled and adjusted independently and then are combined, and are easy to assemble and adjust.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an optical path diagram of a catadioptric zoom optical system described in the background art;
FIG. 2 is a system diagram of a combined zoom optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a system schematic with the focal length switching mirror removed according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic optical path diagram of 8-fold optical imaging when the rear-mounted zoom optical system is a visible light continuous zoom optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic optical path diagram of 4-fold optical imaging when the rear-mounted zoom optical system is a visible light continuous zoom optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic optical path diagram of 2 times optical imaging when the rear zoom optical system of FIG. 4 is a continuous zoom optical system with visible light when the focal length switching mirror is removed;
FIG. 7 is a schematic optical path diagram of 1-fold optical imaging when the rear-mounted zoom optical system is a visible light continuous zoom optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic optical path diagram illustrating the rear zoom optical system at 1.5 times focal length and the combined zoom optical system at 4 times focal length when the rear zoom optical system is an infrared refrigeration type continuous zoom optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic optical path diagram illustrating the rear zoom optical system at 1 × focal length and the combined zoom optical system at 2.66 × focal length when the rear zoom optical system is an infrared refrigeration type continuous zoom optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic optical path diagram of the combined zoom optical system at 1.5 times focal length with the rear zoom optical system at 1.5 times focal length when the focal length switching mirror is removed from FIG. 8;
FIG. 11 is a schematic optical path diagram of the combined zoom optical system at 1 focal length with the rear zoom optical system at 1 focal length when the focal length switching mirror is removed from FIG. 9;
FIG. 12 is a system diagram of a combined zoom optical system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a system of the combined zoom optical system of fig. 12 when the system moves out of the focal length switching mirror.
Reference numerals:
the device comprises a front afocal optical system 1, a focal length switching mirror 2, a rear zooming optical system 3, a reflecting mirror 4 and an optical window 5.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention aims to provide a combined type zooming optical system which has the advantages of a reflection type optical system and a transmission type optical system and can realize optical imaging with long focal length and large zooming ratio. The following describes a combined zoom optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention in detail.
As shown in fig. 12, the combined zoom optical system includes a front afocal optical system 1 having a beam reduction ratio N, a rear zoom optical system 3 having a zoom magnification M, and a focal length switching mirror 2 disposed in an exit optical path of the front afocal optical system 1.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the front afocal optical system 1 and the rear zoom optical system 3 are combined as an optical system that realizes a telephoto range zoom; the rear zooming optical system 3 is an optical system for realizing zooming in a short focal length range;
when an imaging light beam from an object space sequentially passes through the front-mounted afocal optical system 1 and the focal length switching lens 2 to enter the rear-mounted zoom optical system 3, the front-mounted afocal optical system 1, the focal length switching lens 2 and the rear-mounted zoom optical system 3 form a refraction and reflection type zoom optical system capable of realizing NxM times of optical zoom imaging according to the imaging magnification relation of the optical system;
as shown in fig. 13, when the focal length switching mirror 2 is removed from the exit optical path of the front afocal optical system 1, the imaging light beam from the object space does not pass through the front afocal optical system 1 and directly enters the rear zoom optical system 3, and at this time, the rear zoom optical system 3 independently realizes M-fold optical zoom imaging of the imaging light beam from the object space.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the focal length switching mirror 2 is a plane mirror, the focal length switching mirror 2 is disposed at the exit pupil position of the front afocal optical system 1, and the exit optical path of the front afocal optical system 1 can be withdrawn in a rotating or moving manner, so that the imaging light beam from the object space directly enters the rear zoom optical system 3, and thus the focal length switching mirror 2 can be used to realize zoom switching between the long focal length range and the short focal length range.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the position of the focal length switching mirror 2 is set outside the front afocal optical system 1, so that the focal length switching mirror 2 can be retracted out of the exit optical path of the front afocal optical system 1, and the zoom optical path of the combined zoom optical system is not affected.
Meanwhile, the entrance pupil position of the rear zoom optical system 3 coincides with the exit pupil position of the front afocal optical system 1, so that the front afocal optical system 1 and the rear zoom optical system 3 can be independently designed, and the adjustment of the front afocal optical system and the rear zoom optical system is easy.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 or fig. 3, the combined zoom optical system further includes a reflector 4, the reflector 4 is disposed between the focal length switching mirror 2 and the rear zoom optical system 3, the reflector 4 is utilized to fold the emergent light path passing through the focal length switching mirror 2, so that the light beam enters the rear zoom optical system 3 after passing through the reflector 4; the volume of the whole combined type zoom optical system can be reduced through the folding of the light path by the reflecting mirror 4.
Fig. 4 to 7 show schematic optical path diagrams of optical zoom imaging with multiple magnifications when the front-mounted afocal optical system is an off-axis reflective afocal optical system (aperture is 250mm, and beam-shrinking ratio N is 4) and the rear-mounted zoom optical system is a visible light continuous zoom optical system (zoom factor M is 2), where the zoom range is 175mm to 1400mm, the zoom factor is 8 times, and the optical system image height is 12 mm.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an imaging optical path of the combined type zoom optical system with 8 times of optical focal length, referring to fig. 4, the imaging optical path sequentially passes through the front afocal optical system 1, the focal length switching lens 2 and the rear zoom optical system 3, at this time, the rear zoom optical system 3 is arranged at the 2 times of focal length, the focal length is 350mm, after the imaging optical path is amplified by 4 times of focal length of the front afocal optical system 1, the focal length of the combined off-axis zoom optical system is 1400mm, and the relative aperture is 1: 8;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an imaging optical path of the combined zoom optical system at 4 times of optical focal length, referring to fig. 5, the imaging optical path sequentially passes through the front afocal optical system 1, the focal length switching lens 2, and the rear zoom optical system 3, at this time, the rear zoom optical system 3 is arranged at 1 time of the focal length, the focal length is 175mm, after the imaging optical path is amplified by 4 times of the focal length of the front afocal optical system 1, the focal length of the combined off-axis zoom optical system is 700mm, and the relative aperture is 1: 8;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an imaging optical path of the combined zoom optical system at 2 times of the optical focal length, referring to fig. 6, the focal length switching mirror 2 withdraws from the imaging optical path in a rotating or moving manner, the rear zoom optical system 3 is arranged at 2 times of the focal length, the focal length is 350mm, since the front afocal optical system 1 does not participate in imaging, the focal length of the off-axis zoom optical system is 350mm at this time, and the relative aperture is 1: 8;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an imaging optical path of the combined zoom optical system at 1-fold optical focal length, referring to fig. 7, the focal length switching mirror 2 withdraws from the imaging optical path in a rotating or moving manner, the rear zoom optical system 3 is arranged at 1-fold focal length thereof, the focal length is 175mm, and since the front afocal optical system 1 does not participate in imaging, the focal length of the off-axis zoom optical system is 175mm at this time, and the relative aperture is 1: 8.
Therefore, when the front-mounted afocal optical system 1 is an off-axis reflective afocal optical system and the rear-mounted zoom optical system 3 is a visible light continuous zoom optical system, the zoom switching between the long-focus range and the short-focus range is realized through the focus switching lens 2, and in the zooming process of the optical system, the optical system can keep the aperture of the full-focus range unchanged.
Fig. 8 to 11 show schematic optical path diagrams of optical zoom imaging with multiple magnifications when the front-mounted afocal optical system is a coaxial reflective afocal optical system (the beam reduction ratio N is 2.67) and the rear-mounted zoom optical system is an infrared refrigeration type continuous zoom optical system (the zoom factor M is 1.5), where the zoom range is 150mm to 600mm and the optical system image height is 12 mm.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an imaging optical path of the combined zoom optical system at 4 times of optical focal length, referring to fig. 8, the imaging optical path sequentially passes through the front afocal optical system 1, the focal length switching lens 2, and the rear zoom optical system 3, at this time, the rear zoom optical system 3 is arranged at 1.5 times of the focal length thereof, the focal length is 225mm, after 2.67 times of the focal length of the front afocal optical system 1 is amplified, the focal length of the combined off-axis zoom optical system is 600mm, and the relative aperture is 1: 2;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an imaging optical path of the combined zoom optical system at 2.67 times of optical focal length, referring to fig. 9, the imaging optical path sequentially passes through the front afocal optical system 1, the focal length switching lens 2, and the rear zoom optical system 3, at this time, the rear zoom optical system 3 is arranged at 1 time of focal length, the focal length is 150mm, after 2.67 times of focal length of the front afocal optical system 1 is amplified, the focal length of the combined off-axis zoom optical system is 400mm, and the relative aperture is 1: 2;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an imaging optical path of the combined zoom optical system at 1.5 times of the optical focal length, referring to fig. 10, the focal length switching mirror 2 withdraws from the imaging optical path in a rotating or moving manner, the rear zoom optical system 3 is arranged at 1.5 times of the focal length thereof, the focal length is 225mm, since the front afocal optical system 1 does not participate in imaging, the focal length of the off-axis zoom optical system is 225mm, and the relative aperture is 1: 2;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an imaging optical path of the combined zoom optical system at 1-fold optical focal length, referring to fig. 11, the focal length switching mirror 2 withdraws from the imaging optical path in a rotating or moving manner, the rear zoom optical system 3 is arranged at 1-fold focal length thereof, the focal length is 150mm, and since the front afocal optical system 1 does not participate in imaging, the focal length of the off-axis zoom optical system is 150mm, and the relative aperture is 1: 2.
Therefore, when the front-mounted afocal optical system 1 is a coaxial reflective afocal optical system and the rear-mounted zoom optical system 3 is a medium-wave infrared or long-wave infrared continuous zoom optical system, the zoom switching between the long-focus range and the short-focus range is realized through the focus switching lens 2, and the optical system can keep the aperture of the full focus section unchanged in the zooming process of the optical system.
Similarly, the rear zoom optical system 3 may be any one of a transmission optical system or a reflection optical system, a single-band optical system or a multi-band optical system, and may also be a refrigeration optical system or a non-refrigeration optical system, so that the combined zoom optical system can keep the relative aperture of the full focal length unchanged, and is not described in detail.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rear zoom optical system 3 may also be a multi-channel optical system, in which case the mirror 4 is replaced by a dichroic mirror.
In the combined type zoom optical system, a dichroic mirror is utilized to divide an imaging light beam from an object space into a first light beam and a second light beam, the first light beam enters a first channel of a rear zoom optical system 3 after being reflected by a focal length switching mirror 2, passes through a corresponding zoom lens group arranged in the first channel, and is finally imaged on a detector in the first channel; the second beam of light enters a second channel of the rear zooming optical system 3 after being transmitted to the focal length switching mirror 2, and images on a detector in the second channel through a corresponding zooming mirror group arranged in the second channel, so that dual-channel zooming imaging is realized.
Similarly, the dichroic mirror can be continuously introduced to realize the zoom imaging of more channels, and the description is omitted.
In another embodiment of the present invention, an optical window 5 may be disposed in front of the reflector 4 to protect the rear zoom optical system 3.
The combined zoom optical system mainly comprises a front-mounted afocal optical system 1, a focal length switching mirror 2 and a rear-mounted zoom optical system 3, the front-mounted afocal optical system, the focal length switching mirror and the rear-mounted zoom optical system are combined to work, zoom imaging of the optical system is achieved, and in the optical zoom process, the optical system can keep the aperture of the whole focal length unchanged.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
The above embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A combined zoom optical system is characterized by comprising a front-mounted afocal optical system, a rear-mounted zoom optical system and a focal length switching mirror;
the focal length switching mirror can be arranged in an emergent light path of the front afocal optical system in a withdrawing way;
the focal length switching mirror is arranged on an emergent light path of the front afocal optical system and reflects light beams emitted by the front afocal optical system to the rear zooming optical system;
the focal length switching mirror is withdrawn from an emergent light path of the front afocal optical system, and an imaging light beam from an object space directly enters the rear zooming optical system to realize zooming switching between a long focal length range and a short focal length range.
2. The combined zoom optical system of claim 1, wherein the focal length switching mirror is positioned at an exit pupil location of the front afocal optical system, the exit pupil location being external to the front afocal optical system.
3. The combined zoom optical system of claim 2, wherein the focal length switching mirror is a plane mirror, and the exit optical path of the front afocal optical system is withdrawn by rotating or moving, so that the imaging light beam from the object space is directly incident on the rear zoom optical system.
4. The combined zoom optical system of claim 2, wherein an entrance pupil position of the rear zoom optical system coincides with an exit pupil position of the front afocal optical system.
5. The combined zoom optical system of claim 1, further comprising a mirror for refracting an optical path, the mirror being interposed between the focal length switching mirror and the rear zoom optical system;
the reflector reflects the imaging light beam directly coming from the object space into the rear zooming optical system, or reflects the imaging light beam coming from the object space and emitted by the front afocal optical system into the rear zooming optical system.
6. The combined zoom optical system of claim 1, wherein the front afocal optical system is an off-axis reflective afocal optical system or an on-axis reflective afocal optical system.
7. The combined zoom optical system of claim 1, wherein the rear zoom optical system is one of a transmissive, reflective, single-band, multi-band, single-channel, or multi-channel optical system.
8. The combined zoom optical system of claim 1 or 7, further comprising a dichroic mirror for multi-channel imaging of the post-zoom optical system, the dichroic mirror being disposed in an incident optical path of the post-zoom optical system for splitting the imaging beam from the object space into a first beam of light reflected to a first channel of the post-zoom optical system and a second beam of light transmitted to a second channel of the post-zoom optical system.
9. The combined zoom optical system of claim 5, further comprising an optical window disposed in front of the mirror that protects the rear zoom optical system.
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| US20110315878A1 (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2011-12-29 | United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Simultaneous dual band dual fov imaging system |
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Application publication date: 20211105 |