CN112305739A - Common-path wide-narrow-view-field combined infrared dual-waveband imaging optical system - Google Patents
Common-path wide-narrow-view-field combined infrared dual-waveband imaging optical system Download PDFInfo
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- G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
- G02B17/0647—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using more than three curved mirrors
- G02B17/0663—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using more than three curved mirrors off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses an infrared dual-waveband imaging optical system with a common optical path, a wide and narrow view field combination, which sequentially comprises an off-axis four-mirror afocal system, a light splitting group and an infrared dual-waveband fixed-focus rear group from an object space to an image space; the off-axis four-mirror afocal system comprises four optical elements, and the light splitting group comprises three spectroscopes which can be respectively cut into and cut out of a light path; the light beam enters a light splitting component to cut into different spectroscopes of a light path after passing through four optical elements of an off-axis four-mirror afocal system, and then reaches a target surface of a detector after being focused by an infrared two-waveband to respectively form medium-wave infrared narrow view field and long-wave infrared wide view field combined imaging, medium-wave infrared wide view field and long-wave infrared narrow view field combined imaging and medium-wave infrared and long-wave infrared narrow view field combined imaging; when the light splitting group is not cut into a light path by a light splitter, long wave infrared and medium wave infrared are focused by an infrared double-wave band and then the group transmits to a target surface of a detector to form medium wave infrared and long wave infrared wide view field combined imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to an infrared dual-waveband imaging optical system with a common optical path and a wide and narrow view field combination.
Background
In the prior art, most of imaging systems of infrared dual-band optical systems are based on a fixed-focus or zooming structural form of a traditional infrared system, medium-wave infrared and long-wave infrared can only image with a certain same field of view at the same time, and combined imaging of different fields of view of dual-band cannot be realized, for example: chinese patent application 'common-path infrared dual-waveband common-focal-plane zoom optical system' (patent publication No. CN103197407A) provides a three-grade zoom with a focal length of 460mm/153mm/46mm, which is adapted to a 320 multiplied by 25630 micron F2.5 refrigeration type medium-long wave infrared dual-color detector; an optical system disclosed in Chinese document refrigeration infrared dual-band zoom optical system design (university of Changchun science, 2020, 43 (04): 25-30) adopts a medium-long wave dual-band infrared refrigeration type detector with a focal plane array of 320 multiplied by 256 and a pixel size of 30 microns to simultaneously receive infrared radiation of medium-long wave bands, the focal length is continuously changed within 80-240 mm, the field angle is 1.4-4.4 degrees, and the F number is 2.2.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a common-path wide-narrow-field combined infrared dual-band imaging optical system, which can realize combined imaging of different wide fields and narrow fields of medium-wave infrared and long-wave infrared while maintaining the compactness of an infrared dual-band detection system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for achieving the purpose is as follows:
the invention provides an infrared dual-waveband imaging optical system with a common optical path, a wide and narrow view field combination, which sequentially comprises an off-axis four-mirror afocal system, a light splitting group and an infrared dual-waveband fixed-focus rear group from an object space to an image space;
the off-axis four-mirror afocal system comprises four optical elements, and the light splitting group comprises three spectroscopes which can be respectively cut into and cut out of a light path; the light beam enters a light splitting component to cut into different spectroscopes of a light path after passing through four optical elements of an off-axis four-mirror afocal system, and then reaches a target surface of a detector after being focused by an infrared two-waveband to respectively form medium-wave infrared narrow view field and long-wave infrared wide view field combined imaging, medium-wave infrared wide view field and long-wave infrared narrow view field combined imaging and medium-wave infrared and long-wave infrared narrow view field combined imaging;
when the light splitting group is not cut into a light path by a light splitter, long wave infrared and medium wave infrared are focused by an infrared double-wave band and then the group transmits to a target surface of a detector to form medium wave infrared and long wave infrared wide view field combined imaging.
According to the technical scheme, the off-axis four-mirror afocal system comprises:
the primary mirror is an off-axis paraboloid and has a focal length f1And light-passing aperture D1The ratio of f is more than or equal to 0.51/D1≤0.65；
The secondary mirror is an off-axis hyperboloid, and the focal length f of the secondary mirror2And light-passing aperture D2The ratio of f is more than or equal to 0.72/D2≤0.8；
The three mirrors are plane reflectors and are arranged at an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal incident optical axis;
the four mirrors are off-axis paraboloids and the focal length f of the four mirrors4And light-passing aperture D4The ratio of (1) to (f)4/D4≤1.2。
According to the technical scheme, when each spectroscope of the light splitting component is cut into the light path, an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between each spectroscope and the horizontal incident light axis.
According to the technical scheme, the infrared dual-band fixed-focus rear group comprises a main objective lens group, a meniscus-shaped objective lens, a secondary imaging lens group and a positive focal power biconvex-shaped lens, the F number of the infrared dual-band fixed-focus rear group is matched with that of an infrared dual-color detector, and under the condition that a light splitting group is not cut in, imaging is carried out on a medium-wave infrared wide field of view and a long-wave infrared wide field of view.
In connection with the above technical solution, the infrared dual-band fixed focus rear group further comprises a turning mirror for totally reflecting the mid-wave infrared and long-wave infrared energy, which is placed between the main objective lens group and the meniscus-type objective lens, and forms an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal incident optical axis, and turns the horizontal optical axis by 90 degrees.
In connection with the above technical solution, the secondary imaging lens group includes three lenses sharing an optical axis, the focal powers of the three lenses are positive, negative, and positive, respectively, and at least one of the lenses has an aspheric surface.
According to the technical scheme, the angle between the emergent optical axis and the incident optical axis of the off-axis four-mirror afocal system is 90 degrees.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: in the common-light-path wide-narrow-field combined infrared dual-band imaging optical system, light beams are incident into light splitting groups through four optical elements of an off-axis four-mirror afocal system and then are cut into different spectroscopes of a light path, and then are focused through an infrared dual-band to form medium-wave infrared narrow-field and long-wave infrared wide-field combined imaging, medium-wave infrared wide-field and long-wave infrared narrow-field combined imaging and medium-wave infrared and long-wave infrared narrow-field combined imaging respectively; when the light splitting group is not cut into a light path by a light splitter, long wave infrared and medium wave infrared are focused by an infrared double-wave band and then the group transmits to a target surface of a detector to form a medium wave infrared and long wave infrared wide view field channel, and medium wave infrared and long wave infrared wide view field combined imaging is formed. The whole system is ingenious in light path layout, the wave band and the view field of a detection channel are changed by switching different light splitting elements, the detection channel is flexible and changeable, and the functions are diversified; in addition, the optical system is in a folding-reflecting combined design, has a compact structure, and meets the requirements of equipment miniaturization and multifunctional integration.
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The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical system of the present patent;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an optical path in the working mode of the present patent, wherein a is a narrow field of view mid-wave infrared light and b is a wide field of view long-wave infrared light;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a working mode two optical paths of this patent, wherein c is a narrow field of view long-wave infrared light and d is a wide field of view medium-wave infrared light;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of three optical paths in the working mode of this patent, where e is mid-wave infrared light in a narrow field of view and long-wave infrared light in a narrow field of view;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of four optical paths in the working mode of the present patent, wherein f is mid-wave infrared light with a wide field of view and long-wave infrared light with a wide field of view;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the infrared transfer function of waves in a narrow field of view of the optical system of this patent;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the infrared transfer function of a wide-field medium wave of the optical system of this patent;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a narrow field of view long-wave infrared transfer function of the optical system of the present patent;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a wide-field long-wave infrared transfer function of the optical system of this patent.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the schematic optical path diagram of the common-path wide-narrow-field-of-view combined infrared dual-band imaging optical system shown in fig. 1, the left side is the object side and the right side is the image side along the light direction. The invention discloses an infrared two-waveband imaging optical system with a common optical path, a wide and narrow field of view combination, which sequentially comprises an off-axis four-mirror afocal system 01, a switchable light splitting group 02 and an infrared two-waveband fixed-focus rear group 03 from an object space to an image space. The light splitting group 02 realizes pairwise combination of two different wave bands of medium wave infrared and long wave infrared, a wide view field and a narrow view field by adopting a switched light splitting element mode. Four gears are set at the switching position of the light splitting element of the light splitting group 02, four states of reflecting medium wave infrared and transmitting long wave infrared, reflecting long wave infrared and transmitting medium wave infrared, reflecting medium wave infrared and reflecting long wave infrared and transmitting medium wave infrared and transmitting long wave infrared can be respectively realized, four kinds of wide and narrow view field combinations of medium wave infrared and long wave infrared are correspondingly realized, and the four kinds of wide and narrow view field combinations are respectively as follows: medium wave infrared narrow field imaging and long wave infrared wide field imaging, medium wave infrared wide field imaging and long wave infrared narrow field imaging, medium wave infrared narrow field imaging and long wave infrared narrow field imaging and medium wave infrared wide field imaging and long wave infrared wide field imaging.
The off-axis four-mirror afocal system 01 includes four reflective optical elements, a primary mirror 011, a secondary mirror 012, a three-mirror 013, and a four-mirror 014. Off-axis four-reflection withoutThe focus system 01 expands beam aiming at medium wave infrared and long wave infrared dual-waveband, the multiplying power of the beam expansion ratio corresponds to a wide view field and a narrow view field, and is suitable for considering the volume, the search efficiency and the identification effect, generally 3-4 times, wherein the primary mirror 011 is an off-axis paraboloid, and the focal length f of the primary mirror1And light-passing aperture D1The ratio of f is more than or equal to 0.51/D1Less than or equal to 0.65; the secondary mirror 012 is an off-axis hyperboloid, and the focal length of the secondary mirror f2And light-passing aperture D2The ratio of f is more than or equal to 0.72/D2Less than or equal to 0.8; the three mirrors 013 are plane mirrors and are arranged at an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal incident light axis; four mirrors 014 as off-axis paraboloids, four mirror focal lengths f4And light-passing aperture D4The ratio of (1) to (f)4/D4Less than or equal to 1.2. The off-axis four-mirror afocal system 01 skillfully folds the light path, the emergent light axis and the incident light axis form an included angle of 90 degrees, and the space size is fully utilized. The off-axis four-mirror afocal system 01 is shared by narrow field mid-wave infrared and narrow field long-wave infrared.
In addition, the light splitting group 02 of the present invention includes three light splitting elements, one of which can be controlled to be switched at a time to move into the light path at an included angle of 45 ° with the horizontal incident light axis, and the three light splitting elements which are switched into the light path have the following characteristics: a spectroscope 021 reflecting mid-wave infrared and transmitting long-wave infrared, a spectroscope 022 reflecting long-wave infrared and transmitting mid-wave infrared, and a spectroscope 023 reflecting mid-wave infrared and reflecting long-wave infrared. The cut-in state and the combination of all three light splitting groups without cutting into the light path form four states, and the wide and narrow view field combination of four kinds of medium wave infrared and long wave infrared is realized, which respectively comprises the following steps: medium wave infrared narrow field imaging and long wave infrared wide field imaging, medium wave infrared wide field imaging and long wave infrared narrow field imaging, medium wave infrared narrow field imaging and long wave infrared narrow field imaging and medium wave infrared wide field imaging and long wave infrared wide field imaging.
In addition, the infrared two-waveband fixed-focus rear group 03 is equivalent to a fixed-focus objective lens and comprises a main objective lens group 031, a meniscus-type objective lens three 033, a secondary imaging lens group 034 and a positive-power biconvex-type lens seven 035, wherein the F number of the secondary imaging lens group is matched with an infrared two-color detector, and medium-wave infrared wide-field and long-wave infrared wide-field two-waveband imaging is realized under the condition that the light splitting group 02 is not cut in.
In addition, the infrared dual-band fixed-focus rear group 03 also comprises a turning reflector 032 which can totally reflect mid-wave infrared and long-wave infrared energy, is placed between a main objective lens group 031 of the infrared dual-band fixed-focus rear group 03 and a meniscus objective lens tri 033, forms an included angle of 45 degrees with a horizontal incident optical axis, and turns the horizontal optical axis by 90 degrees, so that the whole optical system is compact.
In addition, the secondary imaging lens group 034 includes, in order from the object side, a positive power lens group of four 0341, a negative power lens group of five 0342, and a positive power lens group of six 0343, and in order to simplify the system, improve the transmittance, and improve the image quality, at least one surface of the lenses of the secondary imaging lens group 034 is an aspherical surface.
The combination of the off-axis four-mirror afocal system 01, the light splitting group 02 and the infrared two-waveband fixed-focus rear group 03 forms an infrared two-waveband imaging narrow field-of-view channel; the light splitting group 02 and the infrared dual-waveband fixed-focus rear group 03 are combined to form an infrared dual-waveband wide view field channel. When the switchable light splitting group 02 is switched into a spectroscope 021 which reflects medium wave infrared and transmits long wave infrared, the medium wave infrared is reflected by the off-axis four-mirror afocal system 01, reflected by the switchable light splitting group 02 and transmitted to a target surface of the detector by the infrared dual-band rear group 03 to form a medium wave infrared narrow view field channel; meanwhile, the long-wave infrared is transmitted by the switchable light splitting group 02 and the infrared dual-band rear group 03 to reach the target surface of the detector, so that a long-wave infrared wide view field channel is formed, combined imaging of a medium-wave infrared narrow view field and a long-wave infrared wide view field is realized, and the optical path is shown as an optical path schematic diagram in a working mode I in fig. 1 corresponding to a working mode I.
When the light splitting group 02 cuts into a spectroscope 022 for reflecting long-wave infrared and transmitting medium-wave infrared, the long-wave infrared is reflected by the off-axis four-mirror afocal system 01, reflected by the light splitting group 02 and focused by an infrared two-waveband rear group 03 and transmitted to a target surface of a detector to form a long-wave infrared narrow view field channel; meanwhile, the medium wave infrared is transmitted by the switchable light splitting group 02 and the infrared dual-band fixed-focus rear group 03 to reach the target surface of the detector, so that a medium wave infrared wide view field channel is formed, combined imaging of the medium wave infrared wide view field and the long wave infrared narrow view field is achieved, and corresponding to the second working mode, the light path is shown as the schematic diagram of the second working mode optical path in fig. 2.
When the switchable light splitting group 02 is switched into the spectroscope 023 reflecting the medium wave infrared reflected long wave infrared, the long wave infrared and the medium wave infrared are reflected by the off-axis four-mirror afocal system 01, reflected by the light splitting group 02 and focused by the infrared two-waveband, and then the group 03 transmits to the target surface of the detector, so that a medium wave infrared and long wave infrared narrow view field channel is formed, the medium wave infrared and long wave infrared narrow view field combined imaging is realized, the corresponding working mode is three, and the light path is shown as the schematic diagram of the three optical paths of the working mode in fig. 3.
When the switchable spectral group 02 is switched into the transmission medium wave infrared transmission long wave infrared spectroscope (the optical path is cut out by corresponding spectral mirrors 021, 022 and 023 in the spectral group 02 in a neutral position), the long wave infrared and the medium wave infrared are transmitted to the target surface of the detector by the group 03 after being focused by the infrared dual-waveband, so that medium wave infrared and long wave infrared wide field channels are formed, the combined imaging of the medium wave infrared and long wave infrared wide field is realized, and the optical path is shown as the schematic diagram of the four optical paths in the working mode of fig. 4 corresponding to the fourth working mode.
Specific design parameters of example 1 of the optical system are shown in table 1.
Table 1 optical system design parameter table of embodiment 1
In table 1, radius of curvature refers to the radius of curvature of each lens surface, thickness or spacing refers to the lens thickness or distance between adjacent lens surfaces, material is the lens material, and air refers to the medium between two lenses being air. The numbers in column 2 of the table are the surface numbers of the lens, e.g. 5, 6 indicate that the beam splitter 02 is cut into the front and back surfaces of the optical path lens each time.
In order to obtain better image quality of the optical system, three aspheric surfaces are used in the off-axis four-mirror afocal system and are respectively positioned on the first primary mirror 011, the second secondary mirror 012 and the fourth reflecting mirror 014; the infrared dual-band fixed focus rear group uses an aspheric design, which is the second surface of the fourth lens 0341, and the aspheric coefficients are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 aspheric coefficients used in the specific examples
The aspheric equation is defined as follows:
finally, it should be noted that: the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications and equivalents can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Fig. 6-9 are graphs of optical transfer function simulation data of the patented optical system of the present invention. Wherein: FIG. 6 is a graph of the transfer function of a narrow field of view mid-wave infrared channel at 20 lp/mm; FIG. 7 is a graph of the transfer function of a wide field of view mid-wave infrared channel at 20 lp/mm; FIG. 8 is a graph of the transfer function of a narrow field of view long wave infrared channel at 20 lp/mm; FIG. 9 is a graph of the transfer function of a wide field of view long wave infrared channel at 20 lp/mm.
In summary, compared with the current mainstream infrared dual-wave imaging optical system, the common-path wide-narrow-field combined infrared dual-wave-band imaging optical system has the technical advantages that: (1) the method has the advantages of improving the adaptability of the complex environment, simultaneously obtaining the infrared radiation information of two atmospheric windows of medium wave and long wave with different wide and narrow view field combinations, having the advantages of medium wave infrared imaging and long wave infrared imaging detection, and obtaining more effective information of the target by utilizing the inherent and stronger difference and complementarity of the target in images of different infrared wave bands. The characteristics of high medium wave resolution and high long wave detection sensitivity are fully exerted, and the adaptability of the infrared optical system to a complex environment is greatly improved; (2) the efficiency is improved, the success rate of detection and identification of targets is improved, four different wide and narrow field combinations of medium wave infrared imaging and long wave infrared imaging are combined, the capability of a dual-band focal plane detector for synchronously acquiring separation band information is fully utilized, the dual-band focal plane detector has the functions of synchronously detecting the medium wave infrared and the long wave infrared respectively with the different wide and narrow field, an operator does not need to repeatedly zoom and search between the wide field and the narrow field and identify interested targets, the efficiency of a search tracking system is effectively improved, the time for establishing tracking is reduced, the tracking precision is improved, the false alarm rate is reduced, and the like; (3) the layout is compact, and the design of miniaturization and multiple functions is facilitated. The system has ingenious light path layout, changes the wave band and the view field of the detection channel by switching different light splitting elements, and has flexible and changeable detection channels and various functions; the optical system is in a refraction-reflection combined design, has a compact structure, and meets the requirements of miniaturization and multifunctional integration of equipment.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. An infrared dual-band imaging optical system with a common optical path and a wide and narrow view field combination is characterized by sequentially comprising an off-axis four-mirror afocal system (01), a light splitting group (02) and an infrared dual-band fixed-focus rear group (03) from an object space to an image space;
the off-axis four-mirror afocal system (01) comprises four optical elements, and the light splitting group (02) comprises three spectroscopes which can be respectively cut into and cut out of a light path; the light beam enters a light splitting group (02) to cut into different light splitters of a light path after passing through four optical elements of an off-axis four-mirror afocal system (01), and then reaches a target surface of a detector through an infrared two-waveband fixed-focus rear group (03) to respectively form medium-wave infrared narrow-view-field and long-wave infrared wide-view-field combined imaging, medium-wave infrared wide-view-field and long-wave infrared narrow-view-field combined imaging and medium-wave infrared and long-wave infrared narrow-view-field combined imaging;
when the light splitting group (02) is not provided with a light splitter and is cut into a light path, long-wave infrared and medium-wave infrared are transmitted to a target surface of the detector through the infrared dual-band fixed-focus rear group (03) to form medium-wave infrared and long-wave infrared wide-view-field combined imaging.
2. The combined infrared dual-band imaging optical system of common-path wide-narrow field of view of claim 1, characterized by an off-axis four-mirror afocal system (01) comprising:
the primary mirror (011) is an off-axis paraboloid and has a primary mirror focal lengthf 1And light-passing aperture D1The ratio of (A) to (B);
the secondary mirror (012) is an off-axis hyperboloid, and the focal length of the secondary mirrorf 2And light-passing aperture D2The ratio of (A) to (B);
the three mirrors (013) are plane reflectors and are placed at an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal incident light axis;
the four mirrors (014) are off-axis paraboloids and have four mirror focal lengthsf 4And light-passing aperture D4The ratio of (a) to (b).
3. The combined infrared dual band imaging optical system of claim 1 where each beamsplitter of the beamsplitter group (02) cuts into the optical path at a 45 ° angle to the horizontal incident optical axis.
4. The combined infrared dual-band imaging optical system with a common optical path wide and narrow field of view according to claim 1, characterized in that the infrared dual-band fixed focus rear group (03) comprises a main objective lens group (031), an objective lens (033) in the form of a meniscus, a secondary imaging lens group (034) and a lens (035) in the form of a positive power biconvex, the F-number of which matches the infrared bi-color detector, and the dual-band imaging is performed in the medium-wave infrared wide field of view and the long-wave infrared wide field of view without the cut-in of the spectral group (02).
5. The combined infrared dual-band imaging optical system with common optical path wide and narrow field of view of claim 1, characterized in that the infrared dual-band focusing rear group (03) further comprises a turning mirror (032) for totally reflecting mid-wave infrared and long-wave infrared energy, which is placed between the main objective lens group (031) and the objective lens (033) in meniscus form, and makes an angle of 45 ° with the horizontal incident optical axis, turning the horizontal optical axis by 90 °.
6. The combined infrared two-band imaging optical system of claim 4, wherein the secondary imaging lens group (034) includes three lenses sharing an optical axis, and the optical powers of the three lenses are positive, negative, and positive, respectively, and at least one of the lenses has an aspheric surface.
7. The combined infrared dual-band imaging optical system of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the exit optical axis of the off-axis four-mirror afocal system is at a 90 ° angle to the entrance optical axis.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113608339A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Combined zoom optical system |
| CN117170078A (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2023-12-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Reflection type zoom afocal optical system |
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| CN117170078B (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2024-01-12 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Reflection type zoom afocal optical system |
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