CN113607416A - Rolling bearing three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device and test method thereof - Google Patents
Rolling bearing three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of rolling bearing rigidity testing, in particular to a rolling bearing three-dimensional dynamic rigidity testing device and a testing method thereof. The device for testing the three-dimensional dynamic stiffness of the rolling bearing comprises a base, a motor component, a bearing rotor system, a centrifugal load excitation device, an environment simulation test box, a bearing device to be tested and a displacement test device, is a device for testing the three-dimensional (axial, horizontal and vertical) dynamic stiffness of the bearing based on three-dimensional force sensing to obtain dynamic accurate load and deformation displacement compensation of the bearing, is also provided with a dynamic axial and radial excitation and axial static loading device and an environment temperature simulation device, and can test the dynamic stiffness of different types of bearings under the conditions of dynamic excitation, static excitation and different temperatures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rolling bearing rigidity testing, in particular to a rolling bearing three-dimensional dynamic rigidity testing device and a testing method thereof.
Technical Field
The dynamic stiffness of the rolling bearing is an important index for measuring the dynamic performance of the bearing and is a basis for designing and optimizing the bearing, however, in the process of testing the dynamic stiffness, due to the characteristic of rotor imbalance caused by mass eccentricity, the centrifugal force generated by the dynamic stiffness can be divided into vertical and horizontal directions through force decomposition (parallelogram rule), so that the time variation of loads in the vertical and horizontal directions is caused, the change of the vertical and horizontal stiffness is caused, and the change of the dynamic stiffness is influenced by the alternation of axial loads and the change of the axial stiffness, so that the radial, horizontal and axial directions and other directions of the bearing are required to be tested for obtaining accurate dynamic stiffness data.
In the aspect of load application, because the axial loading is static load, the rigidity changes along with the applied magnitude of the static load, and in addition, the radial (vertical and horizontal) loading is dynamic load, and the rigidity changes along with the magnitude of the rotating speed of the rotor. Meanwhile, the bearing is often positioned in a temperature-changing environment (-30 ℃ -150 ℃), and the bearing temperature causes the expansion change of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing, so that the bearing clearance is changed, and the dynamic stiffness is changed, therefore, the problems in the testing process are reasonably solved, and the authenticity of dynamic stiffness data can be effectively improved.
In order to better test the rigidity of the rolling bearing, related researchers provide a series of test devices, and for static rigidity test, patent CN 108132187 (a high-precision rolling bearing static rigidity test device and method) uses a hydraulic system as a direct drive element applied by axial and radial loads of a tested bearing, and measures axial and radial displacements through two inductance comparators. For dynamic stiffness testing, patent CN 110631830 a (rolling bearing radial stiffness measuring device) builds a laboratory bench by using a bracket assembly, a force loading assembly, a bearing seat and a measuring assembly, and tests radial stiffness by using obtained radial load and displacement data; in patent CN 109855868A (a dynamic test method and test equipment for axial stiffness of a bearing), a designed rotary loading mechanism is used to apply an axial load, and a displacement sensor is used to detect the axial displacement of the bearing to test the axial stiffness; CN 108680357A (a rolling bearing axial and radial comprehensive dynamic stiffness measuring device) adopts an electric main shaft and a transmission shaft to be connected, a test bearing is installed on the transmission shaft, the axial relative displacement of an inner ring and an outer ring of the bearing is tested by using an axial test device, the radial relative displacement of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing is tested by using a radial test device, and then the loading analog quantity and the deformation analog quantity of a sensor are collected to test the radial stiffness and the axial stiffness; the dynamic stiffness test method mainly calculates load, on one hand, axial load is not accurately obtained, and the load is influenced by a plurality of bearing loads in the actual operation process, unbalance, misalignment and the like, and the load is influenced by amplitude influence and frequency (1 frequency doubling, two frequency doubling and the like of a rotor) and the like, so that the dynamic stiffness of the bearing, especially the amplitude corresponding to the frequency, can be accurately calculated only by accurately obtaining the load; on the other hand, the position of the bearing inner ring is represented in a rotating shaft displacement equivalent mode, so that the vibration displacement of the bearing seat is easily blended into the vibration of the inner ring to influence the actual displacement test, and on the other hand, a certain offset distance exists between the installation position of the single sensor and the position of the bearing inner ring along the axis, and the displacement test result has larger difference with the displacement of the actual bearing inner ring due to the translation, pitching and other motions of the rotor, and the like, so that the bearing test precision can be influenced.
On the other hand, most of the current bearing dynamic stiffness tests do not effectively simulate dynamic radial and axial excitation under a stable load environment; in addition, some devices do not have the function of applying an axial pre-tightening load; in the applied work engineering, the axial pre-tightening load and the dynamic radial load can both influence the test precision of the dynamic stiffness of the bearing; meanwhile, most of the test devices and methods cannot realize simulation at variable temperature and cannot test the dynamic stiffness in the variable temperature environment;
therefore, it is necessary to provide a test device capable of accurately testing the dynamic stiffness of the bearing and realizing dynamic and static loads and environmental simulation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in view of the problems, the device for testing the three-dimensional (axial, horizontal and vertical) dynamic stiffness of the bearing based on the three-way force sensing to obtain the dynamic accurate load and the deformation displacement compensation of the bearing is provided, and meanwhile, the device is provided with a dynamic axial and radial excitation and axial static loading device and an environment temperature simulation device, so that the dynamic stiffness of different types of bearings can be tested under the conditions of dynamic excitation, static excitation and different temperatures.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device for a rolling bearing, which comprises a base 1, a motor assembly 2, a bearing rotor system 3, a centrifugal load vibration excitation device 4, an environment simulation test box 5, a bearing device to be tested 6 and a displacement test device 7. The motor assembly 2, the bearing rotor system 3, the centrifugal load excitation device 4, the environmental simulation test box 5, the bearing device 6 to be tested and the displacement test device 7 are arranged on the base 1, wherein the bearing rotor system 3 is arranged on the rotating shaft and provides axial load, the left end of the bearing rotor system 3 is connected with the motor assembly 2, the right end of the bearing rotor system 3 is sequentially connected with the centrifugal load excitation device 4 and the bearing device 6 to be tested which provide radial load, the environmental simulation test box 5 is arranged around the bearing device 6 to be tested to realize temperature simulation, and the displacement test device 7 is arranged on the left and right bearing end covers of the bearing device 6 to be tested and used for measuring the displacement change conditions in the axial direction, the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
The motor assembly 2 comprises a motor support seat 21, a motor 22 and a coupling 23; the lower part of the motor supporting seat 21 is connected with the base 1, and the upper part of the motor supporting seat 21 is fixed with a motor 22; the right part of the motor 22 is connected with a coupling 23.
The bearing rotor system 3 comprises a support bearing assembly 31 and an axial load loading device 32; the supporting bearing assembly 31 is used for supporting the test device, and provides the axial load transmitted by the axial load loading device 32 by rotating the axial bearing to be tested, and the left side and the right side below the supporting bearing assembly 31 are provided with convex guide rails 313 connected with the axial load device 32; the axial load loading device 32 provides an axial load, the bottom of which is connected to the base 1, and the left and right sides of the top of which are provided with slideways for supporting the axial movement of the bearing assembly 31.
The centrifugal load excitation device 4 comprises an excitation disc 41, blades 42 and an expansion sleeve 43; wherein, the disc surface of the excitation disc 41 is distributed with annular through holes for connecting mass bolts; the vanes 42 are disposed in the axial direction of the excitation disk 41; the expansion sleeve 43 is fixed to the rotating shaft and cooperates with the excitation disc 41 to provide the excitation disc 41 with the torque generated by the motor 22.
The environment simulation test box 5 comprises a supporting seat 51, a lower heating box body 52, an upper heating box body 53 and a heating column 54; the bottom of the supporting seat 51 is fixedly connected with the base 1, and the upper part of the supporting seat 51 is used for supporting and connecting the heating box; the lower heating box 52 and the upper heating box 53 are provided with heating columns 54, and the lower heating box 52 and the upper heating box 53 are connected by bolts.
The bearing device to be tested 6 comprises a three-way force sensor 61, a bearing support 62, a left bearing end cover 63, a bearing to be tested 64, a compensating ring 65 and a right bearing end cover 66; the three-way force sensor 61 is used for measuring the axial load transmitted to the bearing to be measured 64 by the bearing rotor system 3, and the radial load and the horizontal load transmitted to the bearing to be measured 64 by the radial load excitation device 4; the bottom of the bearing support 62 is connected with three force sensors 61; the left bearing end cover 63 and the right bearing end cover 66 are respectively positioned at two sides of the bearing 64 to be tested and used for axially positioning the outer ring of the bearing 64 to be tested, the left bearing end cover 63 and the right bearing end cover 66 are provided with annular convex parts, and the annular convex parts are provided with loading holes; one end of the inner ring of the bearing to be tested 64 is matched with the shaft shoulder of the rotating shaft, and the other end of the inner ring is connected with the compensating ring 65, so that the axial positioning of the inner ring is realized; the compensating ring 65 is of a sleeve type structure, the size of an inner ring and the size of an outer ring of the compensating ring are consistent with that of a shaft shoulder, a bolt end hole is formed in the top of the compensating ring 65, and the bottom of the compensating ring is in contact with the inner ring of the bearing 64 to be tested; the fixing of the compensating ring 65 to the rotation shaft is achieved by rotating the bolts in the bolt end holes.
The displacement testing device 7 is positioned on the loading holes of the annular protruding parts of the left bearing end cover 63 and the right bearing end cover 66, and comprises a bearing left vertical displacement sensor 71, a bearing right vertical displacement sensor 72, a lubricating nozzle 73, a 45-degree axial displacement sensor 74, a horizontal displacement sensor 75 and a 135-degree axial displacement sensor 76.
Further, the support bearing assembly 31 includes a support bearing 311, a bearing cap 312, a male rail 313, a lock bolt hole 314, and a bearing seat 315; one end of the inner ring of the support bearing 311 is matched with a shaft shoulder of the rotating shaft, and axial load is transmitted through the rotating shaft; the bearing cover 312 is used for fixing the support bearing 311 to axially position the outer diameter of the bearing; the bearing seat 315 is used as a support of the rotating machine body and is used for positioning the outer diameter of the support bearing 311 in the axial direction and the circumferential direction; the locking bolt hole 314 is positioned on the convex guide rail 313 and is used for supporting the locking action of axial displacement of the bearing assembly 31 when the bearing assembly is subjected to axial load; said male guides 313 cooperate with the slide ways of the axial load means 32 to achieve an axial movement of the support bearing assembly 31.
Further, the axial load loading device 32 includes a handle type loading device 321 and a supporting base 322; the bottom of the handle-type loading device 321 is connected with the supporting base 322, and the right end face of the handle-type loading device 321 is attached to one end face of the slideway of the supporting base 322; the handle-type loading device 321 is provided with a plurality of annular axial load bolt holes for connecting loading bolts; the two sides above the supporting base 322 are provided with slide ways for connecting with the convex guide rails 313.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a test method based on the above rolling bearing three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device, which comprises the following steps:
step one, building the rolling bearing three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device.
And step two, providing torque to the rotating shaft through the motor assembly 2, providing an axial load to the bearing to be tested through the bearing rotor system 3, providing a vertical direction load and a horizontal direction load to the bearing to be tested through the centrifugal load excitation device 4, providing heating environment simulation to the bearing to be tested through the environment simulation test box 5, providing acquisition of the axial load, the vertical load and the horizontal load to the bearing to be tested through the bearing device 6 to be tested, and providing acquisition of the axial displacement, the vertical displacement and the horizontal displacement to the bearing to be tested through the displacement test device 7.
Step three, measuring the axial load F1 by the three-way force sensor 61, and measuring the axial displacement delta by the 45-degree axial displacement sensor 74 and the 135-degree axial displacement sensor 76yObtaining the axial dynamic stiffness K of the rolling bearing 64 to be tested1＝F1/δy；δy＝(δ1+δ2)/2；δyCompensating for displacement after axial excitation; delta1Displacement, delta, measured by a 45 deg. axial displacement sensor 742Displacement measured by the 135 ° axial displacement transducer 76;
the vertical load F is measured by the three-way force sensor 612The vertical displacement δ is measured by the left vertical displacement sensor 71 and the right vertical displacement sensor 72zThe vertical dynamic stiffness K of the rolling bearing 64 to be tested can be obtained2＝F2/δb；δz＝(δ3+δ4)/2；δzCompensating for vertical direction and then exciting vibration displacement; delta3Is the displacement measured by the left vertical displacement sensor 71; delta4The displacement measured by the bearing right vertical displacement sensor 72;
the horizontal load F is measured by the three-way force sensor 613The horizontal displacement sensor 75 measures the horizontal displacement deltaxThe horizontal dynamic stiffness K of the rolling bearing 64 to be tested can be obtained3＝F3/δx。
The invention has the advantages that (1) the dynamic stiffness in three directions (axial direction, vertical direction and horizontal direction) can be accurately measured (2) the dynamic accurate load and deformation displacement compensation of the bearing are obtained through the three-way force sensor and the displacement testing device; (3) dynamic and static axial excitation can be effectively simulated through the bearing rotor system; (4) radial (vertical and horizontal) excitation (4) can be effectively simulated through the centrifugal load excitation device, and different temperatures can be simulated through the environment simulation test box.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a main schematic diagram of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device for a rolling bearing.
FIG. 2 is a closed schematic diagram of a box body of the three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device for the rolling bearing.
Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device for a rolling bearing.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a motor assembly of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device for a rolling bearing.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a bearing rotor system of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device for a rolling bearing.
FIG. 6 is a partial schematic view of a bearing rotor system supporting assembly of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device for a rolling bearing.
FIG. 7 is a partial schematic view of an axial load loading device of a bearing rotor system of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device for a rolling bearing.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a centrifugal load excitation device of a rolling bearing three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of an environmental simulation test box of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device for a rolling bearing.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a bearing device to be tested of a rolling bearing three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device.
Fig. 11 is a schematic sectional view of a bearing device to be tested of a rolling bearing three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device.
Fig. 12 is a partial schematic view of a left radial displacement sensor of a displacement testing device of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device of a rolling bearing.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of a displacement testing device of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device of a rolling bearing.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the displacement compensation of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device for a rolling bearing.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
It is to be understood that the appended drawings are not to scale, but are merely drawn with appropriate simplifications to illustrate various features of the basic principles of the invention. Specific design features of the invention disclosed herein, including, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, locations, and configurations, will be determined in part by the particular intended application and use environment.
In the several figures of the drawings, identical or equivalent components (elements) are referenced with the same reference numerals.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a main schematic diagram of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device for a rolling bearing. FIG. 2 is a closed schematic diagram of a box body of the three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device for the rolling bearing. Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device for a rolling bearing. Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in the present embodiment, a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing apparatus for a rolling bearing: the device comprises a base 1, a motor assembly 2, a bearing rotor system 3, a centrifugal load vibration excitation device 4, an environment simulation test box 5, a bearing device to be tested 6 and a displacement test device 7.
The motor assembly 2, the bearing rotor system 3, the centrifugal load excitation device 4, the environmental simulation test box 5, the bearing device 6 to be tested, and the displacement test device 7 are arranged on the base 1, wherein the bearing rotor system 3 is arranged on a rotating shaft and provides an axial load, the left end of the bearing rotor system 3 is connected with the motor assembly 2, the right end of the bearing rotor system 3 is sequentially connected with the centrifugal load excitation device 4 providing a radial load (vertical and horizontal) and the bearing device 6 to be tested, the environmental simulation test box 5 is arranged around the bearing device 6 to be tested to realize temperature simulation, and the displacement test device 7 is arranged on the left and right bearing end covers of the bearing device 6 to be tested and is used for measuring the displacement change conditions in the axial direction, the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
The base 1 is used for supporting and mounting other devices, and the bottom of the base is stably contacted with the ground.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a motor assembly of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device for a rolling bearing. Referring to fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the motor assembly 2 includes a motor support base 21, a motor 22, and a coupling 23. The motor support base 21 is connected with the base 1 through bolts, and a motor 22 is fixed at the upper part of the motor support base. The motor 22 can stably and continuously provide torque for the test device, the right part of the motor is connected with the coupler 23, the motor shaft and the rotating shaft are firmly connected and rotate together, the coupler 23 has buffering performance and vibration damping performance, the dynamic performance of the shaft can be greatly improved, and the shaft is prevented from being damaged due to overload in the high-speed running process.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a bearing rotor system of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device for a rolling bearing. Referring to fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the bearing rotor system 3 is of a top-bottom type structure, and includes a support bearing assembly 31 and an axial load loading device 32. The supporting bearing assembly 31 can provide the axial load transmitted by the axial load loading device 32 by rotating the axial bearing to be tested while supporting the test device, and the left side and the right side below the supporting bearing assembly 31 are provided with convex guide rails 313 connected with the axial load device 32. The axial load loading device 32 provides an axial load, the bottom of the axial load loading device is connected with the base 1 through bolts, the left side and the right side of the top of the axial load loading device are provided with the slideways, axial movement of the supporting bearing assembly 31 is achieved, and meanwhile stability in the installation process of the testing device is further improved.
FIG. 6 is a partial schematic view of a bearing rotor system supporting assembly of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device for a rolling bearing. Referring to fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the support bearing assembly 31 includes a support bearing 311, a bearing cap 312, a male rail 313, a lock bolt hole 314, and a bearing seat 315. One end of the inner ring of the support bearing 311 is matched with the shaft shoulder of the rotating shaft, and meanwhile, the axial load is transmitted through the rotating shaft. The bearing cover 312 is used for fixing and supporting the bearing 311, so as to realize the axial positioning of the outer diameter of the bearing. The bearing seat 315 not only realizes the axial and circumferential positioning of the outer diameter of the support bearing 311, but also serves as a support for the rotating mechanical body, thereby ensuring the rotation precision of the bearing and reducing the friction coefficient in the movement process. The locking bolt hole 314 is located on the male rail 313 and serves as a lock for supporting the axial displacement of the bearing assembly 31 when subjected to an axial load. Said male guides 313 cooperate with the slide ways of the axial load means 32 to realize the axial movement of the support bearing assembly 31. In use, when the supporting bearing assembly 31 is subjected to an axial load transmitted from the axial loading device 32, the convex guide rail 313 thereof is displaced under the load, and when the axial load reaches a predetermined value, locking is achieved by rotating the bolt matched with the locking bolt hole 314.
FIG. 7 is a partial schematic view of an axial load loading device of a bearing rotor system of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device for a rolling bearing. Referring to fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the axial load loading device 32 includes a handle-shaped loading device 321 and a support base 322. The bottom of the handle-shaped loading device 321 is connected with the supporting base 322 through a bolt, and meanwhile, the right end face of the handle-shaped loading device is attached to one end face of the slideway of the supporting base 322. The handle-shaped loading device 321 is provided with four annular axial load bolt holes, and in the process of applying axial load, the loading of load is realized by rotating the loading bolts matched with the bolt holes, namely the application force of the loading bolts is adjusted. Meanwhile, the magnitude of load application can be effectively controlled by adjusting the number of the loading bolts. The axial load can be accurately acquired through the three force sensors 61 of the bearing device 6 to be measured, the axial load can be adjusted by referring to the data of the axial load, excessive constraint can be avoided through the design, and the axial load can be accurately transmitted while the load is loaded conveniently. While the supporting base 322 is used to support the whole bearing rotor system 3, the slide rails provided on both sides above the supporting base are connected to the convex guide rails 313, which effectively solves the displacement of the supporting bearing assembly 31 when it is subjected to an axial load. In the using process, the dynamic stiffness under specific conditions can be measured, namely when the bearing to be measured deforms axially, the radial load excitation device 4 can be detached, namely when the axial load is fixed, the influence of the rotating speed on the bearing stiffness is measured; or when the rotating speed is fixed, the influence of different axial loads on the rigidity of the bearing is measured by adjusting the applied force or the quantity of the loading bolts.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a centrifugal load excitation device of a rolling bearing three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device. Referring to fig. 8, in the present embodiment, the centrifugal load excitation device 4 includes an excitation disc 41, blades 42, and an expansion sleeve 43. The centrifugal load vibration excitation device 4 is used for generating reliable centrifugal load and providing vertical and horizontal loads for the bearing to be tested. The disc surface of the excitation disc 41 is provided with annular through holes, bolts with certain mass are matched with the annular through holes, the mass of the excitation disc 41 is controlled by adjusting the number of the bolts, the magnitude of load application is also indirectly controlled, the load reaches an expected value by installing and rotating a proper amount of bolts, at the moment, the rotor in the rotating process is unbalanced due to the unbalanced mass on the excitation disc 41, the generated centrifugal load can generate loads in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction through force decomposition (parallelogram rule), and further the loads in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction are influenced by factors such as rotating speed and the like. The blades 42 are mounted on the excitation disc 41, and the main purpose of the blades is to better drive the excitation disc 41 to rotate, so that the excitation disc 41 generates a stable and continuous centrifugal force to transmit to the bearing to be tested. The expansion sleeve 43 is fixed on the rotating shaft and is matched with the vibration exciting disc 41, so that huge holding force is generated between the inner ring and the shaft and between the outer ring and the vibration exciting disc 41, and torque generated by the motor 22 is provided for the vibration exciting disc 41. Meanwhile, the high-precision centering property and the high strength of the steel can protect parts from being damaged when the parts are overloaded. During the use process, the dynamic stiffness under specific conditions can also be measured, the axial load loading device 32 can be adjusted to a proper position, bolts with certain mass on the excitation disc 41 are determined, namely the dynamic stiffness of the bearing in the vertical and horizontal directions at different rotating speeds is measured, or the influence of the loads in the different vertical and horizontal directions on the bearing stiffness at a fixed rotating speed is measured by changing the weight of the excitation disc 41, namely the number of the adjusted bolts.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of an environmental simulation test box of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device for a rolling bearing. Referring to fig. 9, in the present embodiment, the environmental simulation test chamber 5 is a split structure, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the testing device 7, and the environmental simulation test chamber 5 includes a supporting base 51, a lower heating chamber 52, an upper heating chamber 53 and a heating column 54. The bottom of the supporting seat 51 is fixedly connected with the base 1 through bolts, and the upper part of the supporting seat is used for supporting and connecting the heating box. The lower heating box body 52 and the upper heating box body 53 are attached with heat insulation layers made of asbestos or heat-resistant plates and the like, and are internally provided with temperature sensors for monitoring, but the main device is a heating column 54 which is arranged in the lower heating box body to realize the actual simulation of the engineering environment, and the upper and lower heating box bodies are connected by bolts at two sides of the upper and lower heating box bodies. The heating column 54 has a column body and a heating wire wound around the column body to perform a heating function. In the implementation process, the heating power of the heating column 54 is adjusted according to the feedback of the temperature sensor inside the box body, so that the accurate control of the temperature is realized.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a bearing device to be tested of a rolling bearing three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device. Fig. 11 is a schematic sectional view of a bearing device to be tested of a rolling bearing three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device. Referring to fig. 10 to 11, in the present embodiment, the bearing device under test 6 includes a three-way force sensor 61, a bearing support 62, a left bearing end cover 63, a bearing under test 64, a compensating ring 65, and a right bearing end cover 66. The three-way force sensor 61 can measure the axial load transmitted to the bearing 64 to be measured by the bearing rotor system 3, and the radial load and the horizontal load transmitted to the bearing 64 to be measured by the radial load excitation device 4. The bottom of the bearing support 62 is connected with the three force sensors 61, so that accurate force measurement of the three force sensors 61 is realized, and meanwhile, the structural compactness can effectively fix the circumferential motion of the bearing 64 to be measured. The left bearing end cover 63 and the right bearing end cover 66 are respectively positioned at two sides of the bearing 64 to be tested, so that the outer ring of the bearing 64 to be tested is axially positioned, and meanwhile, the annular part protruding out of the outer cover is provided with loading holes which are beneficial to the assembly and disassembly of the displacement testing system 7. The bearing 64 to be tested is used as a tested object, one end of the inner ring of the bearing is matched with the shaft shoulder of the rotating shaft, and the other end of the inner ring of the bearing is connected with the compensating ring 65, so that the axial positioning of the inner ring of the bearing is realized. The compensating ring 65 is of a sleeve type structure, the size of the inner ring and the size of the outer ring of the compensating ring are consistent with that of a shaft shoulder, the compensating ring is hollow and is beneficial to being matched with a rotating shaft, a bolt end hole is formed in the top of the compensating ring, the bottom of the compensating ring is in contact with the inner ring of the bearing 64 to be tested, the purpose is to realize the positioning of the bearing inner ring and indirectly eliminate the influence of vibration displacement of a bearing seat, a bolt matched with the bolt end hole is arranged on the top of the compensating ring, the compensating ring 65 is fixed on the rotating shaft through rotating the bolt, and the difficulty of the disassembly and the installation of the testing device is greatly improved while the fixation of the inner ring of the bearing 64 to be tested is considered in the design.
Fig. 12 is a partial schematic view of a left radial displacement sensor of a displacement testing device of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device of a rolling bearing. Fig. 13 is a schematic view of a displacement testing device of a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness testing device of a rolling bearing. Referring to fig. 12 and 13, in the present embodiment, the displacement testing device 7 is located on the loading holes of the annular protruding portions of the left bearing end cover 63 and the right bearing end cover 66, and includes a bearing left vertical displacement sensor 71, a bearing right vertical displacement sensor 72, a lubrication nozzle 73, a 45 ° axial displacement sensor 74, a horizontal displacement sensor 75, and a 135 ° axial displacement sensor 76. The bearing left side vertical displacement sensor 71 and the bearing right side vertical displacement sensor 72 are used for measuring the vertical displacement of the bearing 64 to be measured under the centrifugal load, the problems that when the bearing 64 to be measured is influenced by the overturning moment, the displacement generated when the monitoring side is pressed downwards and the displacement generated when one side is upwarped can be effectively compensated in a deformation displacement mode by adopting bilateral measurement, namely the measured data is averaged, and the problems that the measured data on one side of the bearing 64 to be measured is inaccurate compared with the actual engineering data and has deviation and the like are effectively avoided. The lubricating nozzle 73 realizes the lubricating effect of the bearing device 6 to be tested, reduces the friction between machines, avoids the adhesion between the machines, reduces the surface roughness and indirectly reduces the abrasion of the parts in the test process. The 45-degree axial displacement sensor 74 and the 135-degree axial displacement sensor 76 mainly test the axial displacement under different loads, and the reason that the axial displacement is at a certain angle is to effectively eliminate the phenomenon that the position of the inner ring of the bearing along the axial line is too large compared with the actual position due to the movement of the rotor, effectively compensate the deformation displacement at two sides, and realize the compensation of the axial displacement, namely, the measured data is averaged. The horizontal displacement sensor 75 is located on one side of the bearing to be measured in the horizontal direction, and can effectively measure the horizontal displacement when the bearing is subjected to horizontal load.
Test method
The working process of the invention is as follows: after the test device is built and completed, torque is provided for the rotating shaft through the motor assembly 2, axial load is provided for the bearing to be tested through the bearing rotor system 3, vertical load and horizontal load are provided for the bearing to be tested through the centrifugal load vibration excitation device 4, heating environment simulation is provided for the bearing to be tested through the environment simulation test box 5, axial load is provided for the bearing to be tested through the bearing device 6 to be tested, vertical load and horizontal load are obtained, axial displacement is provided for the bearing to be tested through the displacement test device 7, vertical displacement and horizontal displacement are obtained, and dynamic stiffness of the bearing to be tested is analyzed through calculation.
The axial load F is measured by the three-way force sensor 611Axial displacement delta is measured by 45 DEG axial displacement transducer 74 and 135 DEG axial displacement transducer 76yObtaining the axial dynamic stiffness K of the rolling bearing 64 to be tested1＝F1/δy；δy＝(δ1+δ2)/2；δyCompensating for displacement after axial excitation; delta1Displacement, delta, measured by a 45 deg. axial displacement sensor 742The displacement measured by the 135 deg. axial displacement sensor 76.
The vertical load F is measured by the three-way force sensor 612The vertical displacement δ is measured by the left vertical displacement sensor 71 and the right vertical displacement sensor 72zThe vertical dynamic stiffness K of the rolling bearing 64 to be tested can be obtained2＝F2/δb；δz＝(δ3+δ4)/2；δzCompensating for vertical direction and then exciting vibration displacement; delta3Is the displacement measured by the left vertical displacement sensor 71; delta4The displacement measured by the bearing right vertical displacement sensor 72;
the horizontal load F is measured by the three-way force sensor 613The horizontal displacement sensor 75 measures the horizontal displacement deltaxThe horizontal dynamic stiffness K of the rolling bearing 64 to be tested can be obtained3＝F3/δx；
The above description of exemplary embodiments has been presented only to illustrate the technical solution of the invention and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching to those skilled in the art. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to understand, implement and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various alternatives and modifications. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device for the rolling bearing is characterized by comprising a base (1), a motor assembly (2), a bearing rotor system (3), a centrifugal load vibration excitation device (4), an environment simulation test box (5), a bearing device to be tested (6) and a displacement test device (7); wherein,
motor element (2), bearing rotor system (3), centrifugal load excitation device (4), environmental simulation test case (5), bearing device (6) await measuring, displacement testing arrangement (7) set up on base (1), wherein, bearing rotor system (3) are located on the rotation axis, provide axial load, the left end and the motor element (2) of bearing rotor system (3) are connected, the right-hand member of bearing rotor system (3) in proper order with provide radial load's centrifugal load excitation device (4) and bearing device (6) of awaiting measuring and be connected, environmental simulation test case (5) set up and realize temperature simulation around bearing device (6) of awaiting measuring, displacement testing arrangement (7) set up in the left side of bearing device (6) of awaiting measuring, on the right side bearing end cover, be used for measuring the axial, perpendicularly, the displacement change condition of horizontal direction.
2. The three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device of the rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the motor assembly (2) comprises a motor support seat (21), a motor (22) and a coupling (23); the lower part of the motor supporting seat (21) is connected with the base (1), and the upper part of the motor supporting seat (21) is fixed with a motor (22); the right part of the motor (22) is connected with a coupling (23);
the bearing rotor system (3) comprises a support bearing assembly (31) and an axial load loading device (32); the supporting bearing assembly (31) is used for supporting the testing device, axial loads transmitted by the axial load loading device (32) are provided by rotating the axial bearing to be tested, and convex guide rails (313) are arranged on the left side and the right side below the supporting bearing assembly (31) and connected with the axial load device (32); the axial load loading device (32) provides axial load, the bottom of the axial load loading device is connected with the base (1), and the left side and the right side of the top of the axial load loading device are provided with slideways for supporting the axial movement of the bearing assembly (31);
the centrifugal load excitation device (4) comprises an excitation disc (41), blades (42) and an expansion sleeve (43); wherein, the disc surface of the excitation disc (41) is distributed with annular through holes for connecting mass bolts; the blades (42) are arranged in the axial direction of the excitation disc (41); the expansion sleeve (43) is fixed on the rotating shaft and is matched with the excitation disc (41) at the same time, so that the torque generated by the motor (22) is provided for the excitation disc (41);
the environment simulation test box (5) comprises a supporting seat (51), a lower heating box body (52), an upper heating box body (53) and a heating column (54); the bottom of the supporting seat (51) is fixedly connected with the base (1), and the upper part of the supporting seat (51) is used for supporting and connecting the heating box; the lower heating box body (52) and the upper heating box body (53) are provided with heating columns (54), and the lower heating box body (52) and the upper heating box body (53) are connected through bolts;
the bearing device to be tested (6) comprises a three-way force sensor (61), a bearing support (62), a left bearing end cover (63), a bearing to be tested (64), a compensating ring (65) and a right bearing end cover (66); the three-way force sensor (61) is used for measuring the axial load transmitted to the bearing (64) to be measured by the bearing rotor system (3), and the radial load and the horizontal load transmitted to the bearing (64) to be measured by the radial load excitation device (4); the bottom of the bearing support (62) is connected with three force sensors (61); the left bearing end cover (63) and the right bearing end cover (66) are respectively positioned at two sides of the bearing (64) to be tested and used for axially positioning the outer ring of the bearing (64) to be tested, and the left bearing end cover (63) and the right bearing end cover (66) are provided with annular convex parts which are provided with loading holes; one end of the inner ring of the bearing (64) to be measured is matched with the shaft shoulder of the rotating shaft, and the other end of the inner ring is connected with the compensating ring (65) to realize the axial positioning of the inner ring; the compensating ring (65) is of a sleeve type structure, the sizes of an inner ring and an outer ring of the compensating ring are consistent with the size of a shaft shoulder, a bolt end hole is formed in the top of the compensating ring (65), and the bottom of the compensating ring is in contact with the inner ring of the bearing (64) to be tested; the compensation ring (65) is fixed on the rotating shaft by rotating the bolt in the bolt end hole;
the displacement testing device (7) is positioned on loading holes of annular protruding parts of the left bearing end cover (63) and the right bearing end cover (66), and comprises a bearing left-side vertical displacement sensor (71), a bearing right-side vertical displacement sensor (72), a lubricating nozzle (73), a 45-degree axial displacement sensor (74), a horizontal displacement sensor (75) and a 135-degree axial displacement sensor (76).
3. The three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device of the rolling bearing according to claim 2, wherein the support bearing assembly (31) comprises a support bearing (311), a bearing cover (312), a convex guide rail (313), a locking bolt hole (314) and a bearing seat (315); one end of the inner ring of the support bearing (311) is matched with a shaft shoulder of the rotating shaft, and axial load is transmitted through the rotating shaft; the bearing cover (312) is used for fixing the support bearing (311) so as to axially position the outer diameter of the bearing; the bearing seat (315) is used as a support of a rotary machine body and is used for positioning the outer diameter of the support bearing (311) in the axial direction and the circumferential direction; the locking bolt hole (314) is positioned on the convex guide rail (313) and is used for supporting the locking action of axial displacement of the bearing assembly (31) when the bearing assembly is subjected to axial load; the male guide rail (313) cooperates with a slideway of the axial load means (32) to effect axial movement of the back-up bearing assembly (31).
4. The three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device of the rolling bearing according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the axial load loading device (32) comprises a handle type loading device (321) and a support base (322); the bottom of the handle-type loading device (321) is connected with the supporting base (322), and the end surface of the right part of the handle-type loading device (321) is attached to one end surface of the slideway of the supporting base (322); the handle-type loading device (321) is provided with a plurality of annular axial load bolt holes for connecting loading bolts; the two sides above the supporting base (322) are provided with slideways for connecting with the convex guide rails (313).
5. A test method of the rolling bearing three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device based on any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, building a three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device of a rolling bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 4;
providing torque for a rotating shaft through a motor assembly (2), providing an axial load for a bearing to be tested through a bearing rotor system (3), providing a vertical direction load and a horizontal direction load for the bearing to be tested through a centrifugal load excitation device (4), providing heating environment simulation for the bearing to be tested through an environment simulation test box (5), providing acquisition of the axial load, the vertical load and the horizontal load for the bearing to be tested through a bearing device (6) to be tested, and providing acquisition of axial displacement, vertical displacement and horizontal displacement for the bearing to be tested through a displacement test device (7);
thirdly, measuring the axial load F according to the three-way force sensor (61)1The axial displacement delta is measured by a 45 DEG axial displacement sensor (74) and a 135 DEG axial displacement sensor (76)yObtaining the axial dynamic stiffness K of the rolling bearing (64) to be measured1＝F1/δy；δy＝(δ1+δ2)/2；δyCompensating for displacement after axial excitation; delta1Displacement, delta, measured by a 45 DEG axial displacement sensor (74)2Displacement measured by a 135 DEG axial displacement transducer (76);
the vertical load F is measured by a three-way force sensor (61)2The vertical displacement delta is measured by a left vertical displacement sensor (71) and a right vertical displacement sensor (72)zObtaining the vertical dynamic stiffness K of the rolling bearing (64) to be measured2＝F2/δb；δz＝(δ3+δ4)/2；δzCompensating for vertical direction and then exciting vibration displacement; delta3Is the displacement measured by the left vertical displacement sensor (71); delta4The displacement measured by a bearing right vertical displacement sensor (72);
according to the three-way force sensor (61), the horizontal load F is measured3Horizontal displacement ofThe sensor (75) measures the horizontal displacement deltaxSo as to obtain the horizontal dynamic stiffness K of the rolling bearing (64) to be measured3＝F3/δx。
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| CN114894477A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-12 | 浙江省机电产品质量检测所有限公司 | Bearing rigidity test method |
| CN115628908A (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-01-20 | 哈尔滨船舶锅炉涡轮机研究所(中国船舶集团有限公司第七0三研究所) | Tool for bearing load detection |
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