CN113602449A - Porthole door and porthole positioning and mounting method - Google Patents
Porthole door and porthole positioning and mounting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113602449A CN113602449A CN202111059489.6A CN202111059489A CN113602449A CN 113602449 A CN113602449 A CN 113602449A CN 202111059489 A CN202111059489 A CN 202111059489A CN 113602449 A CN113602449 A CN 113602449A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
- B63B73/20—Building or assembling prefabricated vessel modules or parts other than hull blocks, e.g. engine rooms, rudders, propellers, superstructures, berths, holds or tanks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of ship construction, in particular to a porthole and porthole positioning and mounting method, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting design reference points on the design model, and establishing a design coordinate system according to the design reference points; selecting design opening positions of a curved side port and a curved side port on a design model, obtaining design coordinates of design opening points, and selecting the design opening points of the curved side port and the curved side port; obtaining the actual coordinates of the actual opening points of the corresponding positions of the design opening points on the ship body through coordinate conversion calculation; and determining the installation position of the curved porthole or the curved porthole on the ship body according to the actual coordinates. The application provides a porthole and porthole location installation method, system, complete carry out comparatively accurate location to bent type porthole, bent type porthole before the installation, set up, the mounted position of bent type porthole and bent type porthole is confirmed accurately to increase substantially bent type porthole, bent type porthole's location and mounting accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of ship construction, in particular to a porthole and a porthole positioning and mounting method.
Background
At present, in the process of constructing a large-scale cruise ship, the positioning of the curved porthole and the curved porthole is taken as an important work before the large-scale cruise ship door and window are installed, but in the prior art, the positioning process of the curved porthole and the curved porthole is lack of related experience, and the positioning and subsequent operations such as cutting, welding and installing of the curved porthole and the curved porthole are mostly carried out by maritime workers combining with the construction experience of a civil ship, so that the positioning and installation accuracy of the curved porthole and the curved porthole are greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a porthole and a porthole positioning and mounting method so as to solve the technical problems that a curved porthole and a curved porthole of a large-scale mail ship are difficult to position and installation accuracy of the porthole and the porthole of the porthole is influenced in the prior art to a certain extent.
The application provides a porthole door and porthole positioning and mounting method, which is used for positioning and mounting a curved porthole door and a curved porthole of a large-scale cruise ship and comprises the following steps:
selecting design reference points on a design model, and establishing a design coordinate system according to the design reference points;
selecting design opening positions of the curved side port and the curved side port on the design model, obtaining design coordinates of design opening points, and selecting the design opening points of the curved side port and the curved side port;
marking an actual reference point at a position of the ship body corresponding to the design reference point, establishing an actual coordinate system according to the actual reference point, and obtaining an actual coordinate of an actual starting point of the design starting point corresponding to the corresponding position on the ship body through coordinate conversion calculation;
determining the installation positions of the curved porthole and the curved porthole on the ship body according to the actual coordinates respectively;
and after the installation position is processed, installing the curved porthole and the curved porthole.
In the above technical solution, a first sectional structure to which a curved porthole needs to be installed and a second sectional structure to which a curved porthole needs to be installed are further selected on the design model, and the first sectional structure and the second sectional structure are provided with a middle longitudinal girder of the model in a penetrating manner;
selecting and marking a first design datum point, a second design datum point and a design calibration point on a longitudinal girder in the model, wherein the first design datum point and the second design datum point are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the longitudinal girder in the model, and the first design datum point, the second design datum point and the design calibration point are used for calibrating the curved porthole;
and selecting and marking a third design datum point and a fourth design datum point on the longitudinal girders in the model, wherein the third design datum point and the fourth design datum point are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the longitudinal girders in the model, and the third design datum point and the fourth design datum point are used for calibrating the curved porthole.
In any of the above technical solutions, further, a real ship longitudinal girder is disposed at a position corresponding to the ship body and the longitudinal girder in the model of the design model, the first design reference point and the second design reference point are subjected to coordinate transformation, and a total station is used to obtain a first actual reference point and a second actual reference point at a position corresponding to the real ship longitudinal girder;
and establishing an actual coordinate system according to the first actual reference point and the second actual reference point.
In any of the above technical solutions, further, the design point includes: a first design point, a second design point, a third design point, and a fourth design point;
the actual opening point includes: the first, second, third and fourth starting points are arranged on the first and second substrate;
and selecting an actual calibration point on the ship body, wherein the actual calibration point is used as a reference for opening the curved porthole and the curved porthole in the first direction and the second direction.
In any of the above technical solutions, further, in the positioning process of the curved porthole, two adjacent strong ribs, namely a leading strong rib and a trailing strong rib, are selected on the hull outer plate at the position of the hull where the curved porthole is to be installed, and the trailing strong rib is close to the stern relative to the leading strong rib;
a first topside longitudinal girder and a first downslope longitudinal girder are arranged between the head strong rib and the tail strong rib;
the first opening point is arranged on the first lower shipboard side longitudinal girder, the second opening point is arranged on the first upper shipboard side longitudinal girder, the third opening point is arranged on the head rib, and the fourth opening point is arranged on the tail rib;
and taking a connecting line of the third opening point and the fourth opening point as a first porthole reference line, and taking a connecting line of the first opening point and the second opening point as a second porthole reference line.
In any of the above-described aspects, the structural accuracy of the installation position of the curved port is collected and analyzed before the first port reference line is opened, and the first port reference line is adjusted when an error in the structural accuracy exceeds a predetermined value.
In any of the above technical solutions, further, after the door body structure of the curved side port is fixed to the installation position of the curved side port, a portion of the hull outer plate of the hull, where the curved side port is installed, is cut off to obtain the door body of the curved side port, and then the cut groove is polished.
In any of the above technical solutions, further, before the door body is cut, an installation contour line and a cutting line are defined, and the door body can be obtained by cutting according to the cutting line;
a reserved gap is formed between the contour line and the cutting line;
the reserved gap is not less than 7 mm.
In any of the above technical solutions, further, in the positioning process of the curved porthole, two adjacent rib plates close to the installation position of the curved porthole are selected on the wall plate of the hull, which are respectively a head rib plate and a tail rib plate, and the tail rib plate is close to the stern relative to the head rib plate; a second topside stringer and a second topside stringer are arranged between the head rib plate and the tail rib plate;
the ship hull outer plate comprises an outer plate structural surface, the position of the tail rib plate on the outer plate structural surface is used as a positioning reference of the curved porthole in a third direction, the deck non-structural surface of the ship hull is used as a positioning reference of the curved porthole in a fourth direction, the total station is used for calibrating a first porthole reference line of the curved porthole in the third direction according to the third design reference point, and the total station is used for calibrating a second porthole reference line of the curved porthole in the fourth direction according to the fourth design reference point;
determining the installation position of the curved porthole by taking the first porthole reference line and the second porthole reference line as references, transporting the curved porthole to the installation position of the curved porthole, selecting a plurality of projection mark points for projection of the curved porthole on the hull outer plate, sequentially connecting the plurality of projection mark points to obtain a cutting mark line, and cutting along the cutting mark line.
In any of the above technical solutions, further, a cutting groove formed after cutting along the cutting mark line is polished, the curved porthole is installed after the cutting groove is polished, and the horizontal and angular dimensions for installing the curved porthole are ensured in the installation process of the curved porthole.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this application is:
the application provides a porthole door and porthole positioning and mounting method, which comprises the following steps: selecting design reference points on the design model, and establishing a design coordinate system according to the design reference points; selecting design opening positions of a curved side port and a curved side port on a design model, obtaining design coordinates of design opening points, and selecting the design opening points of the curved side port and the curved side port; marking an actual reference point at a position of the ship body corresponding to the design reference point, establishing an actual coordinate system according to the actual reference point, and obtaining an actual coordinate of an actual opening point of the corresponding position on the ship body corresponding to the design opening point through coordinate conversion calculation; determining the installation position of the curved porthole or the curved porthole on the ship body according to the actual coordinate; and processing the installation position, and installing the curved porthole and the curved porthole.
The application provides a porthole and porthole location installation method, system, complete carry out comparatively accurate location to bent type porthole, bent type porthole before the installation, set up, the mounted position of bent type porthole and bent type porthole is confirmed accurately to increase substantially bent type porthole, bent type porthole's location and mounting accuracy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the detailed description of the present application or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a curved port door in a port door and a port window positioning and mounting method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a curved port door in the port door and port window positioning and installation method according to the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is another schematic structural diagram of a curved port door in the port door and port window positioning and installation method according to the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a curved porthole in the porthole positioning and installation method and the porthole provided in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is another perspective view of a curved port in the port door and port positioning installation method provided in the embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a curved porthole in an installation state in a porthole positioning installation method and a porthole provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a cutting mark point of a curved porthole in the porthole positioning and installation method according to the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a trolley carrying and transporting a curved porthole in the porthole positioning and mounting method provided in the embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals: 1-hull, 2-first actual datum point, 3-second actual datum point, 4-hull middle longitudinal girder, 5-first opening point, 6-second opening point, 7-third opening point, 8-fourth opening point, 9-actual calibration point, 10-head strong rib, 11-tail strong rib, 12-first upper board side longitudinal girder, 13-first lower board side longitudinal girder, 14-fifth opening point, 15-sixth opening point, 16-seventh opening point, 17-eighth opening point, 18-trolley, 19-marking point, 100-curved porthole and 200-curved porthole.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments.
The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The following describes a porthole and porthole positioning and installation method according to some embodiments of the present application with reference to fig. 1 to 8.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, an embodiment of the present application provides a porthole and porthole positioning and mounting method, specifically performing the following steps:
and S1, selecting design reference points on the design model, and establishing a design coordinate system according to the design reference points.
Specifically, design reference points are selected on a design model shown by design software, and a design coordinate system for determining coordinates of design starting points described below is established with the design reference points as reference positions.
And S2, selecting the design opening positions of the curved porthole 100 and the curved porthole 200 on the design model, obtaining the design coordinates of the design opening points, and selecting the design opening points of the curved porthole 100 and the curved porthole 200.
Specifically, design opening points are selected at positions where the curved porthole 100 and the curved porthole 200 are planned to be opened on a design model shown by design software, and coordinates of the design opening points, that is, design coordinates of the design opening points are determined according to a design coordinate system.
And S3, marking an actual reference point at the position of the ship body 1 corresponding to the design reference point, establishing an actual coordinate system according to the actual reference point, and obtaining the actual coordinate of the actual design point corresponding to the corresponding position on the ship body 1 through coordinate conversion calculation.
Specifically, the coordinates of the actual reference point can be calculated and obtained through coordinate conversion, the position of the actual reference point on the hull 1 is the position of the design reference point selected on the setting and model, and the position of the actual reference point can be marked on the hull 1 by using the total station according to the coordinates of the actual reference point.
Further, the coordinates of the design opening point are converted by means of coordinate conversion to obtain the actual coordinates of the actual opening point at the corresponding position on the hull 1 to the design opening point.
And S4, determining the installation position of the curved porthole 100 or the curved porthole 200 on the ship body 1 according to the actual coordinates.
Specifically, the number of the actual opening points and the number of the design opening points are both multiple, and the range obtained by connecting the multiple actual opening points is the installation position of the curved porthole 100 or the curved porthole 200, so that the positioning process of the curved porthole 100 or the curved porthole 200 is completed.
S5, processing the installation position, and installing the curved porthole 100 and the curved porthole 200.
The mounting position is cut or the like so that the corresponding position of the hull plate of the hull 1 can satisfy the mounting conditions of the curved porthole 100 and the curved porthole 200.
In an embodiment of the present application, preferably, a first sectional structure to which the curved porthole 100 needs to be installed and a second sectional structure to which the curved porthole 200 needs to be installed are selected on the design model, and the first sectional structure and the second sectional structure are provided with the in-model stringers through;
selecting and marking a first design datum point, a second design datum point and a design calibration point on a longitudinal girder in the model, wherein the first design datum point and the second design datum point are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the longitudinal girder in the model, and the first design datum point and the second design datum point are used for calibrating the curved type porthole door 100;
and selecting and marking a third design datum point and a fourth design datum point on the longitudinal girders in the model, wherein the third design datum point and the fourth design datum point are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the longitudinal girders in the model, and the third design datum point and the fourth design datum point are used for calibrating the curved porthole 200.
It should be noted that since the middle girders (also called "inverted middle keel") are structures existing in a ship such as a large cruise ship according to the embodiment of the present invention, the model middle girders are designed on a design model, and the real ship middle girders 4 are provided on a real ship.
In this embodiment, for the hull 1 of the large-scale cruise ship, a predetermined plan already exists before the installation of the portholes and portholes is accurately positioned, so that the whole design model can be divided into a segmented structure on the design model, for example, the curved portholes 100 are installed on the first segmented structure, the first segmented structure is specifically the head segment of the hull 1, and the curved portholes 200 are installed on the second segmented structure, it should be noted that the number of the first segmented structure and the second segmented structure is not specifically limited, and may be determined according to the number of the portholes and portholes to be installed, and the large-scale cruise ship has a plurality of portholes, and therefore, each second segmented structure is also correspondingly provided with a plurality of curved portholes 200.
Specifically, a center of the bottom of the model is designed to be provided with a longitudinal girder in the model, the longitudinal girder in the model extends from the bow to the stern, the longitudinal girder in the model penetrates through a first sectional structure and a second sectional structure, the longitudinal girder in a part of the model corresponding to the first sectional structure is taken as an example, a first design datum point and a second design datum point are selected on the longitudinal girder in the part of the model, and coordinates of the first design datum point and the second design datum point are determined for subsequent positioning of the curved porthole 100.
Similarly, a third design reference point and a fourth design reference point are selected on the stringer in the partial model corresponding to the second segmented structure for subsequent positioning of the curved porthole 200.
In an embodiment of the application, preferably, a real ship middle longitudinal girder 4 is arranged at a position of the ship body 1 corresponding to a longitudinal girder in a model of the design model, the first design datum point and the second design datum point are subjected to coordinate conversion, and a total station is used for obtaining a first actual datum point 2 and a second actual datum point 3 at a position of the real ship middle longitudinal girder 4;
an actual coordinate system is established based on the first actual reference points 2 and the second actual reference points 3.
In the embodiment, the ship body 1 and the design model are proportionally enlarged according to the preset times, so that the real ship middle longitudinal girder 4 is arranged at the position, corresponding to the model middle longitudinal girder, on the ship body 1, the first design reference point and the second design reference point are subjected to coordinate conversion to obtain the coordinates of the first actual reference point 2 and the second actual reference point 3 at the corresponding positions on the real ship, and the total station can be used for marking the positions of the first actual reference point 2 and the second actual reference point 3 on the real ship middle longitudinal girder 4 according to the coordinates of the first actual reference point 2 and the second actual reference point 3.
And establishing an actual coordinate system of the ship body 1 according to the positions of the first actual reference point 2 and the second actual reference point 3, wherein the actual coordinate system is used for determining the position of an actual opening point on the ship body 1.
In one embodiment of the present application, preferably, designing the opening point includes: a first design point, a second design point, a third design point, and a fourth design point;
the actual points of the opening include: a first opening point 5, a second opening point 6, a third opening point 7 and a fourth opening point 8;
further, an actual calibration point 9 is selected on the hull 1, the actual calibration point 9 is used as a reference for opening the curved porthole 100 and the curved porthole 200 in the first direction and the second direction, specifically, the actual calibration point 9 is specifically an intersection point of a hull outer plate structural surface of the hull 1, a deck and a non-structural surface of a strong rib, wherein the hull outer plate structural surface is a specific structural term of the hull 1, and a person skilled in the art can fully understand that, for convenience of understanding, the hull outer plate structural surface is a side wall surface of a wall plate of the hull 1 facing the inside of the hull 1.
The first direction is specifically the height direction of the curved porthole 100 or the curved porthole 200, and taking the curved porthole 100 as an example, the height difference between the position of the upper door edge and the position of the lower door edge of the curved porthole 100 is such that the curved porthole 100 has the height direction.
The second direction is a front-rear direction of the curved porthole 100 or the curved porthole 200, and in the case of the curved porthole 100, the curved porthole 100 has a curvature, and a lower door edge of the curved porthole 100 is located closer to an inner center position of the hull 1 than an upper door edge, and thus, exists in a front-rear direction.
In this embodiment, the number of design points and actual design points is preferably four, but is not limited to four, and may be more to improve the positioning accuracy. The four design points are respectively a first design point, a second design point, a third design point and a fourth design point, the four actual points are respectively a first design point 5, a second design point 6, a third design point 7 and a fourth design point 8, wherein the position of the first design point 5 on the hull 1 corresponds to the position of the first design point selected on the design model, the second design point 6 corresponds to the second design point, the third design point 7 corresponds to the third design point, and the fourth design point 8 corresponds to the fourth design point.
Further, an actual calibration point 9 is selected on the hull 1, and after the actual calibration point 9 is selected, the coordinates of the actual calibration point 9 in the actual coordinate system can be determined according to the actual coordinate system of the hull 1.
The positioning and installation process of the curved porthole 200 and the positioning and installation process of the curved porthole 100 will be described below, respectively.
In one embodiment of the present application, preferably, during the positioning of the curved porthole 100, two adjacent strong ribs, namely the first strong rib 10 and the last strong rib 11, are selected on the wall plate of the hull 1, and the last strong rib 11 is closer to the stern than the first strong rib 10;
a first topside stringer 12 and a first downlight stringer 13 are provided between the head rib 10 and the tail rib 11, and the first topside stringer 12 is located above the first downlight stringer 13.
The first opening point 5 is arranged on the first lower side longitudinal girder 13, the second opening point 6 is arranged on the first upper side longitudinal girder 12, the third opening point 7 is arranged on the head rib 10, and the fourth opening point 8 is arranged on the tail rib 11;
the third opening point 7 and the fourth opening point 8 are used as first porthole reference lines, the first porthole reference lines are height positioning reference lines of the curved porthole, a connecting line of the first opening point 5 and the second opening point 6 is used as a second porthole reference line, the second porthole reference line is used as a head and tail positioning reference line of the curved porthole 100, and the first porthole reference lines and the second porthole reference lines are used as opening reference lines of the curved porthole 100.
It should be noted that the strong rib is a technical term commonly used in ship structures, and those skilled in the art can understand that in a ship structure, the strong rib of the hull 1 refers to a rib for reinforcing or supporting. Compared with the common inner rib, the structure is larger in size, or a section bar with a T-shaped structure is adopted.
In this embodiment, the approximate predetermined position where the curved porthole 100 is to be opened is known in the wall of the hull 1, the head frame 10 and the tail frame 11 are selected on the left and right sides of the predetermined position, the first topside stringer 12 and the first topside stringer 13 are selected on the upper and lower sides of the predetermined position, and the region surrounded by the head frame 10, the first topside stringer 12, the tail frame 11, and the first topside stringer 13 is the installation position of the curved porthole 100. In addition, the number of portholes on a large cruise ship is plural, and includes a port and a starboard port, that is, the curved porthole actually includes plural port ports and plural starboard ports in the present application, as well as the porthole.
The actual coordinate system of the ship body 1 is a three-dimensional coordinate system, the actual coordinate of the actual calibration point 9 in the actual coordinate system of the ship body 1 is drawn up as (X, Y, Z), when a fore-and-aft direction reference line of the curved porthole 100 is set, the values of X and Z in the actual coordinate (X, Y, Z) of the actual calibration point 9 are shifted to 0, the value of Y is kept unchanged, the relative coordinate (0, Y, 0) after the coordinate of the actual calibration point 9 is changed is obtained, the position of the actual calibration point 9 in fig. 1 is the position after the coordinate is changed, and the actual coordinate system of the ship body 1 is converted into the relative coordinate system, so that the coordinate values of the first set point 5, the second set point 6, the third set point 7 and the fourth set point 8 are changed along with the change of the coordinate system, but the relative positions can be kept unchanged, taking the first opening point 5 as an example, the x and z values of the first opening point 5 also change, y remains unchanged, the first opening point 5 still falls on the first downlight side stringer 13, and the other opening points are the same.
Taking the actual calibration point 9 as a reference to perform coordinate conversion to obtain a relative coordinate system, taking the first development point 5 as an example, the actual coordinate of the first development point 5 in the actual coordinate system is the same as the design coordinate of the first development point 5 in the design coordinate system, so the actual coordinate of the first development point 5 is also known, when the actual coordinate of the first development point 5 is changed into the relative coordinate after the coordinate conversion of the first development point 5 along with the actual calibration point 9, the transformation relationship is the same as the transformation relationship between the design calibration point and the actual calibration point 9, so the relative coordinate after the first development point 5 in the relative coordinate system can also be known, and the other development points are the same.
And (3) lofting towards the structural plane of the hull plate respectively by using a total station according to relative coordinates of the first opening point 5, the second opening point 6, the third opening point 7 and the fourth opening point 8, so that the first opening point 5 falls on the first lower side longitudinal girder 13, the second opening point 6 falls on the first upper side longitudinal girder 12, the third opening point 7 falls on the head rib 10 and the fourth opening point 8 falls on the tail rib 11, then taking a connecting line of the third opening point 7 and the fourth opening point 8 as a positioning datum line in the height direction, and taking the connecting line of the first opening point 5 and the second opening point 6 as a datum line in the front-back direction, thus completing the positioning process of the mounting position of the curved porthole 100.
Preferably, the structural accuracy of the installation position of the curved port 100 is collected and analyzed before the first port reference line is opened, and the first port reference line is adjusted when an error in the structural accuracy exceeds a predetermined value.
In this embodiment, before the first porthole reference line, that is, the height reference line, is opened, the structural accuracy of the installation position of the curved porthole 100 needs to be collected in advance and analyzed for deviation, the subsequent cutting and opening operation can be directly performed within a deviation allowable range, and when the deviation exceeds 10mm or more, the first porthole reference line needs to be adjusted accordingly, so as to prevent the subsequent telescopic cylinder and other related components from being affected during the installation of the curved porthole 100.
Preferably, after the door body structure of the curved porthole door 100 is fixed to the installation position of the curved porthole door 100, the portion of the hull plate of the hull 1 for installing the curved porthole door 100 is cut off to obtain the door body of the curved porthole door 100, and then the cut groove is polished.
Preferably, the installation contour line and the cutting line are defined before the door body is cut, and the door body can be obtained by cutting according to the cutting line;
a reserved gap is formed between the contour line and the cutting line;
the reserved gap is not less than 7 mm.
In this embodiment, the door body structure is a necessary structure of the curved port door 100 except for the door panel, the door body structure is firstly installed at the installation position of the curved port door 100 which is positioned by the first port reference line and the second port reference line, then the cutting line is defined on the hull outer plate structure surface of the hull 1 according to the positioning result, then the door panel provided with the door body structure is cut off, the cut groove is polished, and the curved port door 100 is convenient to install subsequently.
Preferably, after the door body structure of the curved side port 100 is installed and welded in place, a door body contour line is firstly defined, then the hull outer plate is cut, the contour line is located inside the cutting line, the contour line is used as a frame or an edge of the curved side port 100, and a reserved gap allowance not smaller than 7mm exists between the contour line and the cutting line, so that subsequent operations such as groove polishing can be performed.
In an embodiment of the present application, preferably, as shown in fig. 5 to 8, where fig. 5 is a view of viewing the curved porthole 200 from the outside of the hull 1, and fig. 6 and 8 are views of viewing the curved porthole 200 from the inside of the hull 1, during the positioning of the curved porthole 200, two adjacent ribs, which are close to the installation position of the curved porthole, are selected on the wall panel of the hull, respectively, a leading rib and a trailing rib, and the trailing rib is closer to the stern than the leading rib; and a second topside stringer are arranged between the head rib plate and the tail rib plate, and the second topside stringer is positioned above the second topside stringer.
Taking the position of the tail rib plate on the outer plate structure surface as a positioning reference of the curved porthole 200 in the third direction, taking the deck non-structure surface of the ship body 1 as a positioning reference of the curved porthole 200 in the fourth direction, calibrating a first porthole reference line of the curved porthole 200 in the third direction according to a third design reference point by using a total station, and calibrating a second porthole reference line of the curved porthole 200 in the fourth direction according to a fourth design reference point by using the total station;
determining the installation position of the curved porthole 200 by taking the first porthole reference line and the second porthole reference line as references, transporting the curved porthole 200 to the to-be-installed position of the curved porthole 200, selecting a plurality of projection mark points for projection of the curved porthole 200 on the hull outer plate, sequentially connecting the plurality of projection mark points to obtain a cutting mark line, and cutting along the cutting mark line.
It should be noted that the deck structure surface is a related art term in ship structure, and in general, the deck structure surface refers to the lower surface of the ship deck, and the surface having the installation members, and in the embodiment of the present application, the deck non-structure surface refers to the upper surface of the deck.
Preferably, a cutting groove formed after cutting along the cutting mark line is ground, the curved porthole 200 is installed after the cutting groove is ground, and the horizontal and angular dimensions of the curved porthole 200 are ensured during installation of the curved porthole 200.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, the above contents can be referred to for the calibration process of the first porthole reference line and the second porthole reference line, the principle thereof is the same as the calibration principle of the first porthole reference line and the second porthole reference line of the curved porthole 100, and the fifth opening point 14, the sixth opening point 15, the seventh opening point 16 and the eighth opening point 17 can be calibrated at the installation position of the curved porthole 200 by referring to the marking process of the first opening point 5 to the fourth opening point 8 to accurately position the installation position of the curved porthole 200.
Further, the first porthole opening mark point is marked at the position, corresponding to the fifth opening point, of the outer board of the ship body 1 by using the square, the second porthole opening mark point, the third porthole opening mark point and the fourth porthole opening mark point are similarly marked, the first porthole opening mark point, the second porthole opening mark point, the third porthole opening mark point and the fourth porthole opening mark point are connected to form a closed-loop graph, the closed-loop graph is the installation position of the curved porthole 200, and the positioning of the curved porthole 200 is completed.
Further, the special trolley 18 for field positioning is used for carrying the curved porthole 200 to the installation position, the curved porthole 200 generates projection on a ship hull outer plate at the installation position, a steel ruler is used for marking a plurality of mark points 19 on the projection of the curved porthole 200 on the ship hull outer plate along the edge of the projection, the connecting lines formed by sequentially connecting the mark points 19 are used as cutting lines, then a manual cutter is used for cutting a circular hole of the installation position of the curved porthole 200 and gradually trimming until the installation condition of the curved porthole 200 is met, the cutting quality of the circular arc position is ensured in the cutting process, the curved porthole 200 is welded to the installation position of the curved porthole 200 after the cutting groove is polished, and the level of the curved porthole 200 and the angular dimension of the curved porthole 200 are ensured in the installation process of the curved porthole 200.
Preferably, during the welding process, the curved porthole 200 is welded in a symmetrical welding manner by an even number of operators, so that the deformation of the structure is reduced.
The number of the portholes on the ship is multiple, and the methods can be adopted for positioning and installing the plurality of the portholes.
To sum up, this application provides a porthole and porthole location mounting method, and system, complete carry out comparatively accurate location to bent type porthole, bent type porthole before the installation, set up, the mounted position of bent type porthole and bent type porthole are confirmed accurately to increase substantially bent type porthole, bent type porthole's location and installation accuracy, solved to a certain extent bent type porthole and bent type porthole on the large-scale mail steamer location, the technical problem that installation difficulty and precision are low.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A porthole door and porthole positioning and mounting method is used for positioning and mounting a curved porthole door and a curved porthole of a large-scale cruise ship, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting design reference points on a design model, and establishing a design coordinate system according to the design reference points;
selecting design opening positions of the curved side port and the curved side port on the design model, obtaining design coordinates of design opening points, and selecting the design opening points of the curved side port and the curved side port;
marking an actual reference point at a position of the ship body corresponding to the design reference point, establishing an actual coordinate system according to the actual reference point, and obtaining an actual coordinate of an actual starting point of the design starting point corresponding to the corresponding position on the ship body through coordinate conversion calculation;
determining the installation positions of the curved porthole and the curved porthole on the ship body according to the actual coordinates respectively;
and after the installation position is processed, installing the curved porthole and the curved porthole.
2. The porthole and porthole positioning and mounting method according to claim 1, wherein a first segment structure to which a curved porthole is to be mounted and a second segment structure to which a curved porthole is to be mounted are selected on the design model, and a center stringer is provided through the first segment structure and the second segment structure;
selecting and marking a first design datum point, a second design datum point and a design calibration point on a longitudinal girder in the model, wherein the first design datum point and the second design datum point are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the longitudinal girder in the model, and the first design datum point, the second design datum point and the design calibration point are used for calibrating the curved porthole;
and selecting and marking a third design datum point and a fourth design datum point on the longitudinal girders in the model, wherein the third design datum point and the fourth design datum point are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the longitudinal girders in the model, and the third design datum point and the fourth design datum point are used for calibrating the curved porthole.
3. The porthole and porthole positioning and mounting method according to claim 2, wherein a real shipboard longitudinal girder is provided at a position of the hull corresponding to the longitudinal girder in the model of the design model, the first design reference point and the second design reference point are subjected to coordinate transformation, and a total station is used to obtain a first actual reference point and a second actual reference point at a position of the real shipboard longitudinal girder corresponding to the first actual reference point and the second actual reference point;
and establishing an actual coordinate system according to the first actual reference point and the second actual reference point.
4. The port door and porthole positioning and mounting method of claim 3, wherein said design opening point comprises: a first design point, a second design point, a third design point, and a fourth design point;
the actual opening point includes: the first, second, third and fourth starting points are arranged on the first and second substrate;
and selecting an actual calibration point on the ship body, wherein the actual calibration point is used as a reference for opening the curved porthole and the curved porthole in the first direction and the second direction.
5. The porthole and porthole positioning and mounting method according to claim 4, wherein in the positioning process of the curved porthole, two adjacent strong ribs, namely a head strong rib and a tail strong rib, are selected on a hull outer plate at a position of the hull where the curved porthole is to be mounted, and the tail strong rib is close to a stern relative to the head strong rib;
a first topside longitudinal girder and a first downslope longitudinal girder are arranged between the head strong rib and the tail strong rib;
the first opening point is arranged on the first lower shipboard side longitudinal girder, the second opening point is arranged on the first upper shipboard side longitudinal girder, the third opening point is arranged on the head rib, and the fourth opening point is arranged on the tail rib;
and taking a connecting line of the third opening point and the fourth opening point as a first porthole reference line, and taking a connecting line of the first opening point and the second opening point as a second porthole reference line.
6. The porthole and porthole positioning and mounting method according to claim 5, wherein structural accuracy of a mounting position of the curved porthole is acquired and analyzed before the first porthole reference line is opened, and the first porthole reference line is adjusted when an error in the structural accuracy exceeds a predetermined value.
7. The porthole door and porthole positioning and mounting method according to claim 6, wherein after the door body structure of the curved porthole door is fixed to the mounting position of the curved porthole door, a portion of the hull outer plate of the hull for mounting the curved porthole door is cut off to obtain the door body of the curved porthole door, and then a groove formed after cutting is polished.
8. The porthole door and porthole positioning and mounting method according to claim 7, wherein a mounting contour line and a cutting line are defined before the door body is cut, and the door body can be obtained by cutting according to the cutting line;
a reserved gap is formed between the contour line and the cutting line;
the reserved gap is not less than 7 mm.
9. The porthole and porthole positioning and mounting method according to claim 5, wherein two adjacent ribs near the mounting position of the porthole are selected on the wall plate of the hull during the positioning of the porthole, which are a leading rib and a trailing rib, respectively, and the trailing rib is closer to the stern relative to the leading rib; a second topside stringer and a second topside stringer are arranged between the head rib plate and the tail rib plate;
the ship hull outer plate comprises an outer plate structural surface, the position of the tail rib plate on the outer plate structural surface is used as a positioning reference of the curved porthole in a third direction, the deck non-structural surface of the ship hull is used as a positioning reference of the curved porthole in a fourth direction, the total station is used for calibrating a first porthole reference line of the curved porthole in the third direction according to the third design reference point, and the total station is used for calibrating a second porthole reference line of the curved porthole in the fourth direction according to the fourth design reference point;
determining the installation position of the curved porthole by taking the first porthole reference line and the second porthole reference line as references, transporting the curved porthole to the installation position of the curved porthole, selecting a plurality of projection mark points for projection of the curved porthole on the hull outer plate, sequentially connecting the plurality of projection mark points to obtain a cutting mark line, and cutting along the cutting mark line.
10. The porthole and porthole positioning and mounting method according to claim 9, wherein a cutting groove formed after cutting along the cutting mark line is ground, the curved porthole is mounted after the cutting groove is ground, and horizontal and angular dimensions of the curved porthole mounting are ensured during the mounting of the curved porthole.
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| CN202111059489.6A CN113602449B (en) | 2021-09-10 | 2021-09-10 | Porthole door and porthole positioning and mounting method |
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| CN202111059489.6A CN113602449B (en) | 2021-09-10 | 2021-09-10 | Porthole door and porthole positioning and mounting method |
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