CN113600868A - Method and device for determining circle center of cylinder hole and fine boring machine tool - Google Patents
Method and device for determining circle center of cylinder hole and fine boring machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN113600868A CN113600868A CN202110724483.XA CN202110724483A CN113600868A CN 113600868 A CN113600868 A CN 113600868A CN 202110724483 A CN202110724483 A CN 202110724483A CN 113600868 A CN113600868 A CN 113600868A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B41/12—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for forming working surfaces of cylinders, of bearings, e.g. in heads of driving rods, or of other engine parts
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- B23B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment on boring machines for positioning or guiding the drill; Devices for indicating failure of drills during boring; Centering devices for holes to be bored
- B23B49/04—Devices for boring or drilling centre holes in workpieces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the circle center of a cylinder hole, which is applied to the stage of finely boring the cylinder hole in a cylinder hole meltallizing process and comprises the following steps: controlling a measuring head of a fine boring machine tool to start from a design center of the fine boring machine tool, and obtaining a first cylinder hole center coordinate of a cylinder hole to be measured by a four-point circle center measuring method; controlling the measuring head to return to the design center, and controlling the main shaft of the measuring head to rotate for N times according to a preset angle; after each rotation, controlling the measuring head to start from the design center, and obtaining the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured in the ith rotation by the four-point circle center measuring method; n is more than or equal to 2 and is an integer, and i sequentially takes the values of 1,2, … … and N; determining the circle center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured according to the first cylinder hole center coordinate and the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate; the method for determining the center of the cylinder hole can give consideration to the measurement efficiency, the measurement precision and the measurement cost of the center of the cylinder hole.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a method and a device for determining the circle center of a cylinder hole and a fine boring machine tool.
Background
After the cylinder hole meltallizing process is carried out, the method comprises the following steps: in the cylinder liner-free technology, an iron-based coating with the thickness of about 0.3mm needs to be cladded in a machined cylinder hole, and then the coating with the thickness of about 0.15mm needs to be removed in the subsequent fine boring of the cylinder hole. On one hand, because the cladding coating and the fine boring cylinder hole are not processed in the same process, a positioning error exists between the cladding coating and the fine boring cylinder hole; on the other hand, when cladding, cylinder hole heating is needed, cladding itself will also generate heat, and the cylinder hole deforms around the environment of 250 ℃, and the heat conduction in all directions of the cylinder hole is different, resulting in cylinder hole deformation, and the directions of the cylinder hole deformation are different, as shown in fig. 1. If the center coordinates are not measured again at the moment, or the processing is carried out according to the center coordinates before deformation, a large amount of cladding coatings are processed and penetrated, the aluminum-based cylinder body is exposed, and the condition that workpieces are scrapped appears.
At present, a related scheme for determining the circle center during fine boring of a cylinder hole is to use a cross measuring head to scan the inner wall of the cylinder hole for a circle to obtain a plurality of position coordinates, and then calculate the circle center of the cylinder hole by using a least square method. Although the precision of the method is higher, scanning equipment needs to be additionally arranged outside the fine boring machine tool, the circle center coordinate is calculated by using a computer and input into the fine boring machine tool after data of a scanning cylinder hole is obtained, and therefore the method is higher in cost and needs to greatly modify the existing fine boring machine tool. Meanwhile, when the circle center is measured by the method, the workpiece needs to be repeatedly clamped, and thus, positioning errors can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for determining the circle center of a cylinder hole and a fine boring machine tool, which aim to solve or partially solve the technical problem that the cost is increased because the circle center of the cylinder hole is determined by an external scanning method and the fine boring machine tool needs to be further modified in the cylinder hole meltallizing process in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for determining the circle center of a cylinder hole, which is applied to the stage of finely boring the cylinder hole in a cylinder hole meltallizing process, and the method for determining the circle center of the cylinder hole comprises the following steps:
controlling a measuring head of a fine boring machine tool to start from a design center of the fine boring machine tool, and obtaining a first cylinder hole center coordinate of a cylinder hole to be measured by a four-point circle center measuring method;
controlling the measuring head to return to the design center, and controlling the main shaft of the measuring head to rotate for N times according to a preset angle; after each rotation, controlling the measuring head to start from the design center, and obtaining the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured in the ith rotation by the four-point circle center measuring method; n is more than or equal to 2 and is an integer, and i sequentially takes the values of 1,2, … and N;
and determining the circle center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured according to the first cylinder hole center coordinate and the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate.
Optionally, after the i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured at the i-th rotation is obtained by the four-point circle center measuring method, the determining method further includes:
according to the corresponding rotation angle, converting the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate to an initial measurement coordinate system to obtain the converted (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate; the initial measurement coordinate system is a measurement coordinate system of the measuring head when measuring the center coordinate of the first cylinder hole;
the determining the coordinates of the circle center of the cylinder hole to be measured according to the first cylinder hole center coordinate and the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate comprises:
and determining the circle center coordinate of the cylinder hole according to the first cylinder hole center coordinate and the transformed (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate.
Further, determining the center coordinates of the cylinder hole according to the center coordinates of the first cylinder hole and the transformed (i +1) th cylinder hole, includes:
performing mean value calculation according to the abscissa of the center coordinate of the first cylinder hole and the abscissas of the center coordinates of all the transformed (i +1) th cylinder holes to obtain the abscissa of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole;
and performing mean value calculation according to the ordinate of the center coordinate of the first cylinder hole and the ordinate of the transformed i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate to obtain the ordinate of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole.
Further, determining the center coordinates of the cylinder hole according to the center coordinates of the first cylinder hole and the transformed (i +1) th cylinder hole, includes:
acquiring a theoretical abscissa and a theoretical ordinate of the circle center of the cylinder hole to be measured;
carrying out mean value calculation according to the abscissa of the center coordinate of the target cylinder hole to obtain the abscissa of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole;
carrying out mean value calculation according to the vertical coordinate of the center coordinate of the target cylinder hole to obtain the vertical coordinate of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole;
wherein if the absolute value of the difference between the abscissa of the first cylinder bore center coordinate and the theoretical abscissa is within 0.2mm, and the absolute value of the difference between the ordinate of the first cylinder bore center coordinate and the theoretical ordinate is within 0.2mm, the first cylinder bore center coordinate is taken as the target cylinder bore center coordinate;
and if the absolute value of the difference between the abscissa of the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate and the theoretical abscissa is within 0.2mm, and the absolute value of the difference between the ordinate of the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate and the theoretical ordinate is within 0.2mm, taking the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate as the target cylinder hole center coordinate.
Optionally, the obtaining of the i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured in the i-th rotation by the four-point circle center measuring method includes:
controlling the measuring head to move back and forth along the X direction of the fine boring machine tool, acquiring a first transverse measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at one end of the cylinder hole to be measured, and acquiring a second transverse measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at the other end of the cylinder hole to be measured;
after the measuring head returns to the design center, controlling the measuring head to move back and forth along the Y direction of the fine boring machine tool, acquiring a first longitudinal measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at one end of the cylinder hole to be measured, and acquiring a second longitudinal measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at the other end of the cylinder hole to be measured;
determining the abscissa of the i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate according to the first transverse measurement value and the second transverse measurement value; determining the ordinate of the i +1 th cylinder bore center coordinate from the first longitudinal measurement and the second longitudinal measurement.
Optionally, the value range of N is 5 to 11.
Further, the value range of the preset angle is 8-15 degrees.
Optionally, the measuring head is a cross measuring head, the diameter of the cross measuring head is equal to the difference value between the diameter of the cylinder hole to be measured and a preset value, and the value range of the preset value is 4 mm to 6 mm.
According to another alternative embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a cylinder hole center determining apparatus, including:
the measuring module is used for controlling a measuring head of the fine boring machine tool to start from a design center of the fine boring machine tool and obtaining a first cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured by a four-point circle center measuring method; controlling the main shaft of the measuring head to rotate for N times according to a preset angle; after each rotation, controlling the measuring head to start from the design center, and obtaining the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured in the ith rotation by the four-point circle center measuring method; n is more than or equal to 3 and is an integer, and i sequentially takes the values of 1,2, … and N;
and the determining module is used for determining the circle center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured according to the first cylinder hole center coordinate and the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate.
According to a further alternative embodiment of the invention, a fine boring machine is provided, the controller of which is programmed to carry out the steps of the determination method according to any one of the preceding claims.
Through one or more technical schemes of the invention, the invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
the invention provides a method for determining the circle center of a cylinder hole, which is characterized in that a measuring head is controlled to start from a design center of a fine boring machine tool, and a four-point circle center measuring method is adopted to obtain the center coordinate of the cylinder hole; then controlling the measuring head to return to the design center, rotating according to a preset angle, and measuring the center coordinate of the cylinder hole after rotating; after N times of rotation and measurement, obtaining N +1 groups of cylinder hole center coordinates in total, and then comprehensively determining the cylinder hole circle center coordinates of the cylinder hole to be measured according to the obtained N +1 groups of cylinder hole center coordinates; the cylinder hole is rotated according to a preset angle, and a plurality of groups of cylinder hole center coordinates are obtained by a four-point circle center measuring method to determine a final circle center coordinate, so that the adverse effects of cylinder hole meltallizing deformation and inner wall burrs on circle center alignment are overcome; the reason why the measuring head is controlled to rotate and start at the design center when the center coordinate of the cylinder hole is measured every time is that practice shows that compared with a method that the measuring head does not return to the design center and starts from any point to directly measure, the center coordinate of the cylinder hole center with higher precision can be obtained when the measuring head rotates and starts at the design center. Generally speaking, according to the scheme, the accurate measurement of the circle center of the cylinder hole of the workpiece in the fine boring machine tool can be realized by using the existing measuring head technology on the premise of not significantly changing the layout of the existing fine boring machine tool and the production line, the advantages of considering measurement efficiency, measurement precision and measurement cost are achieved, the rejection rate of the workpiece can be reduced, the production cost is saved, and the comprehensive efficiency of equipment during batch production is improved.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a simulation of a workpiece in the related art in which deformation occurs after cylinder bore meltdown;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for determining the center of a cylinder bore according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a posture of a measuring head rotating a preset angle according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a determination device of the center of a cylinder hole according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application pertains, the following detailed description of the present application is made with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of specific embodiments. Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control. Unless otherwise specifically stated, various apparatuses and the like used in the present invention are either commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
In order to reduce the cost of measuring the circle center in the fine boring process, the circle center can be measured by directly using a cross measuring head four-point method of a fine boring machine tool. The cross measuring head four-point method has the advantages of simple and convenient measurement and no need of hardware modification of a fine boring machine tool. However, in the cylinder hole meltallizing process, because the center of a circle is deformed, the actual position of the center of a circle after the deformation of the cylinder hole cannot be accurately obtained by a conventional single four-point measurement method, and the measurement result is separated from the actual position easily due to burrs on the surface of the cylinder hole in one measurement, so that the work waste is caused.
In order to overcome the problems, the invention provides a method for determining the circle center of a cylinder hole in a fine boring cylinder hole stage applied to a cylinder hole meltallizing process, which has the following overall thought:
controlling a measuring head of a fine boring machine tool to start from a design center of the fine boring machine tool, and obtaining a first cylinder hole center coordinate of a cylinder hole to be measured by a four-point circle center measuring method; controlling the measuring head to return to the design center, and controlling the main shaft of the measuring head to rotate for N times according to a preset angle; after each rotation, controlling the measuring head to start from the design center, and obtaining the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured in the ith rotation by the four-point circle center measuring method; n is more than or equal to 3 and is an integer, and i sequentially takes the values of 1,2, … and N; and determining the circle center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured according to the first cylinder hole center coordinate and the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate.
The improved principle of the cylinder hole circle center determining method is as follows: the measuring head is controlled to start from the design center of the fine boring machine tool, and the center coordinate of the cylinder hole is obtained by adopting a four-point circle center measuring method; then controlling the measuring head to return to the design center, rotating according to a preset angle, and measuring the center coordinate of the cylinder hole after rotating; after N times of rotation and measurement, obtaining N +1 groups of cylinder hole center coordinates in total, and then comprehensively determining the cylinder hole circle center coordinates of the cylinder hole to be measured according to the obtained N +1 groups of cylinder hole center coordinates; the cylinder hole is rotated according to a preset angle, and a plurality of groups of cylinder hole center coordinates are obtained by a four-point circle center measuring method to determine a final circle center coordinate, so that the adverse effects of cylinder hole meltallizing deformation and inner wall burrs on circle center alignment are overcome; the reason why the measuring head is controlled to rotate and start at the design center when the center coordinate of the cylinder hole is measured every time is that practice shows that compared with a method that the measuring head does not return to the design center and starts from any point to directly measure, the center coordinate of the cylinder hole center with higher precision can be obtained when the measuring head rotates and starts at the design center. Generally speaking, according to the scheme, the accurate measurement of the circle center of the cylinder hole of the workpiece in the fine boring machine tool can be realized by using the existing measuring head technology on the premise of not significantly changing the layout of the existing fine boring machine tool and the production line, the advantages of considering measurement efficiency, measurement precision and measurement cost are achieved, the rejection rate of the workpiece can be reduced, the production cost is saved, and the comprehensive efficiency of equipment during batch production is improved.
In the following, the above scheme is further explained with reference to specific embodiments:
in an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the method for determining the center of a cylinder bore is applied to a fine boring machine tool for a cylinder bore injection process in the manufacture of a linerless engine workpiece, the method comprising:
s1: controlling a measuring head of a fine boring machine tool to start from a design center of the fine boring machine tool, and obtaining a first cylinder hole center coordinate of a cylinder hole to be measured by a four-point circle center measuring method;
specifically, the fine boring machine tool is provided with a workpiece detection probe or a cutter detection probe, and the center of a circle of a cylinder hole can be measured by using a cross-shaped probe arranged on the machine tool. If a cross-shaped measuring head is used, the diameter of the cross-shaped measuring head is equal to the difference value between the diameter of the cylinder hole to be measured and a preset value, and the value range of the preset value is 4-6 mm. The cross-shaped measuring head which is 4-6 mm smaller than the designed value of the diameter of the cylinder hole is selected for measurement, so that the moving time of the measuring head is shortened, and the measuring efficiency is improved.
The design center is the design center of the fine boring machine tool, and in the embodiment, the center coordinates of the cylinder hole are measured once by a method of measuring the center of a circle by four points, and the measuring head is controlled to start from the design center.
And the four-point circle center measurement means that the measuring head is controlled to respectively contact four points on the inner wall of the cylinder hole to obtain the coordinates of each point, and then the center coordinates of the cylinder hole are calculated according to the coordinates of the four points.
Alternatively, one method of measuring the center coordinates of the first cylinder bore is as follows:
controlling the measuring head to move back and forth along the X direction of the fine boring machine tool, acquiring a first transverse measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at one end of the cylinder hole to be measured, and acquiring a second transverse measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at the other end of the cylinder hole to be measured; then controlling the measuring head to return to the design center;
after the measuring head returns to the design center, controlling the measuring head to move back and forth along the Y direction of the fine boring machine tool, acquiring a first longitudinal measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at one end of the cylinder hole to be measured, and acquiring a second longitudinal measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at the other end of the cylinder hole to be measured;
determining an abscissa of the first cylinder bore center coordinate from the first and second lateral measurements; determining a vertical coordinate of the first cylinder bore center coordinate from the first and second longitudinal measurements.
Since the fine boring machine is generally a horizontal machining center, the X direction is the left-right direction and the Y direction is the up-down direction. The measurement process of the above method is then:
under current initial measurement coordinate system, control gauge head is from the design center, utilizes the gauge head to bump down cylinder hole inner wall about along lathe X direction, records two X direction's measured value: xLeft side of，XRight side(ii) a Controlling the measuring head to return to the design center, then controlling the measuring head to vertically touch the inner wall of the cylinder hole along the Y direction of the machine tool respectively, and recording two measured values Y in the Y directionOn the upper part，YLower part。
If the first cylinder hole center measured in the first round is marked as C1Its coordinate is (C)1X，C1Y) It can be calculated by averaging, i.e.:
C1X＝(Xleft side of+XRight side)/2；C1Y＝(YOn the upper part+YLower part)/2。
S2: controlling the measuring head to return to the design center, and controlling the main shaft of the measuring head to rotate for N times according to a preset angle; after each rotation, controlling the measuring head to start from the design center, and obtaining the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured in the ith rotation by the four-point circle center measuring method; n is more than or equal to 3 and is an integer, and i sequentially takes the values of 1,2, … and N;
specifically, step S2 is to repeat the four-point circle center measuring method of S1 every time the probe is rotated once by a preset angle, and obtain the i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate in the current measurement coordinate system. The method for measuring the circle center at four points comprises the following specific steps:
controlling the measuring head to move back and forth along the X direction of the fine boring machine tool, acquiring a first transverse measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at one end of the cylinder hole to be measured, and acquiring a second transverse measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at the other end of the cylinder hole to be measured;
after the measuring head returns to the design center, controlling the measuring head to move back and forth along the Y direction of the fine boring machine tool, acquiring a first longitudinal measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at one end of the cylinder hole to be measured, and acquiring a second longitudinal measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at the other end of the cylinder hole to be measured;
determining the abscissa of the i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate according to the first transverse measurement value and the second transverse measurement value; determining the ordinate of the i +1 th cylinder bore center coordinate from the first longitudinal measurement and the second longitudinal measurement.
Through the process, the cylinder hole center coordinate A of the measuring coordinate system after the measuring head rotates for the preset angle every time and rotates is measuredi+1＝(A(i+1)X,A(i+1)Y) And i takes the values 1,2, … … and N in turn.
Optionally, the value range of N is 5 to 11, that is, the measuring head rotates 5 to 11 times in the machine tool. Taking N as an example, it represents that the measuring head measures the first cylinder hole center coordinate C in the initial measurement coordinate system1Then, the cylinder needs to rotate for 5 times according to a preset angle, and then the center coordinate A of the (i +1) th cylinder hole measured after each rotation is calculatedi+1Comprising A2，A3，A4，A5，A6。
In consideration of the symmetry of the cylinder hole and the measuring principle of measuring the center of a circle by four points, the rotation range of the measuring head can be controlled in one quadrant, so that accurate center coordinates can be obtained, and the measuring time is shortened. Then, optionally, the preset angle for each rotation may be determined according to 90 °/(N +1), taking 5 rotations, i.e. N-5, for example, then the preset angle is 90 °/(5+1) ═ 15 °, then a2～A6The cylinder hole center coordinates are measured when the measuring head rotates to 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 75 degrees respectively. The larger the N value is, the smaller the preset angle of each rotation is, the more accurate the finally obtained center coordinates of the cylinder hole circle are, but the measuring time is correspondingly increased; through practice and analysis, determining N to be 5-11, namely, the accuracy and the effect of the center coordinates of the cylinder hole determined by the measuring head rotating 5-11 times in the machine toolThe rate meets the actual production requirements. At this time, the corresponding preset angle ranges from 8 degrees to 15 degrees.
Optionally, the rotation direction of the measuring head may be determined according to requirements, for example, the measuring head may be rotated clockwise.
The measured cylinder hole center coordinates of the measuring head in the current measuring coordinate system are obtained through the scheme. Research and practice show that if the center of a circle is determined by directly using the measured center coordinates of N +1 groups of cylinder holes, accuracy deviation can be caused because a measurement coordinate system is not uniform, so in order to improve the center alignment accuracy of the circle, the center coordinates of the cylinder holes measured after rotation can be converted into an initial measurement coordinate system where a measuring head spindle is located when the measuring head spindle is not rotated through coordinates, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the corresponding rotation angle, converting the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate to an initial measurement coordinate system to obtain the converted (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate; the initial measurement coordinate system is a coordinate system of the probe when measuring the center coordinates of the first cylinder hole.
Assuming that the preset angle is α, the total rotation angle θ corresponding to the i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate is N α, and the cylinder hole center coordinate a before transformation is set to be N αi＝(AiX,AiY) Cylinder hole center coordinates C after transformationi+1＝(C(i+1)X,C(i+1)Y) Then the transformation formula is as follows:
C(i+1)X＝A(i+1)X×cosθ-A(i+1)Y×sinθ；
C(i+1)Y＝A(i+1)X×sinθ+A(i+1)Y×cosθ。
s3: and determining the circle center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured according to the first cylinder hole center coordinate and the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate.
Specifically, if the i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate is directly measured using the method, then according to C1And A2，A3…AN+1And determining the circle center coordinates of the cylinder hole to be measured.
If the i +1 th cylinder bore center coordinate is transformed to the initial measurement coordinate system at step S2, it is determined from the first cylinder bore center coordinate C1And said changeChanged i + 1-th cylinder hole center coordinates: c2，C3,……,CN+1And determining the circle center coordinates of the cylinder holes.
Specifically, the center coordinates of the cylinder holes can be determined through mean value calculation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
performing mean value calculation according to the abscissa of the center coordinate of the first cylinder hole and the abscissas of the center coordinates of all the transformed (i +1) th cylinder holes to obtain the abscissa of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole;
and performing mean value calculation according to the ordinate of the center coordinate of the first cylinder hole and the ordinate of the transformed i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate to obtain the ordinate of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole.
Specifically, the center coordinate of the cylinder hole is (O)X，OY) And then:
OX＝(C1X+C2X+…+C(N+1)X)/(N+1)；
OY＝(C1Y+C2Y+…+C(N+1)Y)/(N+1)。
after the accurate center coordinates of the cylinder hole are obtained, the fine boring machine tool can perform fine boring machining by using the re-determined center coordinates of the cylinder hole, so that machining scrapping is avoided.
On the other hand, because cylinder hole meltallizing process or other processes, probably produce the burr at the cylinder hole inner wall, and when the measuring head measures the centre of a circle, touch more obvious burr, will obviously reduce the measuring error in cylinder hole centre of a circle, consequently, should get rid of the measuring head and touch the cylinder hole center coordinate on the measuring direction of burr to improve the measurement accuracy of cylinder hole centre of a circle coordinate, the concrete scheme is as follows:
acquiring a theoretical abscissa and a theoretical ordinate of the circle center of the cylinder hole to be measured;
carrying out mean value calculation according to the abscissa of the center coordinate of the target cylinder hole to obtain the abscissa of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole;
carrying out mean value calculation according to the vertical coordinate of the center coordinate of the target cylinder hole to obtain the vertical coordinate of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole;
wherein if the absolute value of the difference between the abscissa of the first cylinder bore center coordinate and the theoretical abscissa is within 0.2mm, and the absolute value of the difference between the ordinate of the first cylinder bore center coordinate and the theoretical ordinate is within 0.2mm, the first cylinder bore center coordinate is taken as the target cylinder bore center coordinate;
and if the absolute value of the difference between the abscissa of the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate and the theoretical abscissa is within 0.2mm, and the absolute value of the difference between the ordinate of the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate and the theoretical ordinate is within 0.2mm, taking the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate as the target cylinder hole center coordinate.
And the theoretical abscissa and the theoretical ordinate are the coordinates of the current position of the cylinder hole to be measured in the fine boring machine tool and the theoretical center of a circle when the cylinder hole is not deformed. According to the scheme, after the center coordinate of the cylinder hole is obtained through measurement, the center coordinate of the cylinder hole is compared with the abscissa and the ordinate of the theoretical circle center, if the absolute value of the deviation between the abscissa of the first cylinder hole center coordinate or the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate and the theoretical abscissa exceeds 0.2mm, or the absolute value of the deviation between the ordinate and the theoretical ordinate exceeds 0.2mm, if the two conditions are met, the fact that the cylinder hole center coordinate in the current measuring direction has an obvious error is shown, usually, a measuring head touches a burr, the cylinder hole center coordinate in the measuring direction is forbidden to be used for calculating the center coordinate of the cylinder hole, and the cylinder hole center coordinate obtained in other measuring directions is used for calculating.
In summary, the present embodiment provides a method for determining the center of a cylinder hole, which determines a final center coordinate by measuring the cylinder hole center coordinate of a cylinder hole to be measured in a 0 ° (non-rotation) direction and the cylinder hole center coordinate obtained by rotating N times according to a preset angle. When the center coordinates of the cylinder hole are calculated, the center coordinates of the cylinder hole after rotation are firstly transformed to an initial measurement coordinate system which does not rotate through coordinates, and the measurement precision can be improved. By the scheme of combining the in-machine tool measurement and scientific calculation, the accurate measurement of the circle center of the cylinder hole of the workpiece in the machine tool can be realized without greatly modifying a fine boring machine tool and a production line; compared with the scanning device added outside the machine tool, the scheme has the advantage of low cost, and practice shows that accurate circle center coordinates of the cylinder holes can be obtained, so that OEE of batch production is guaranteed, and the work waste rate of workpieces is reduced.
In another alternative embodiment, the above scheme is applied to a control system of a fine boring machine tool for a certain engine workpiece, and the detailed implementation steps are as follows:
(1) the fine boring machine tool selects a cross-shaped measuring head which is 4-6 mm smaller than the designed value of the diameter of the cylinder hole, so that the moving time of the measuring head is reduced, and the measuring efficiency is improved; when the workpiece is measured and processed, the workpiece is clamped and does not loosen, and the rotation error of the rotary table is reduced.
(2) Under the initial measurement coordinate system, the control measuring head starts from a design central point, the cross measuring head is utilized to touch the inner wall of the cylinder hole left and right along the X direction of the machine tool, and the measured value X is recordedLeft side of，XRight side. The measuring head returns to the design center, then the cross measuring head is controlled to vertically touch the inner wall of the cylinder hole along the Y direction of the machine tool, and the measured value Y is recordedOn the upper part，YLower part。
The cylinder hole center measured for this round is recorded as C1The center coordinate of which is (C)1X，C1Y)：
C1X＝(XLeft side of+XRight side)/2；C1Y＝(YOn the upper part+YLower part)/2；
(3) The measuring head returns to the design center, the main shaft rotates clockwise for 15 degrees for orientation, and the current measuring coordinate system also rotates 15 degrees in the same direction. The method referred to in step 2 records the cylinder bore center as A2(A2X,A2Y) And (3) converting the coordinates of the circle center into the initial measurement coordinate system in the step (2) by using coordinate conversion, and calculating the center of the converted cylinder hole as C2(C2X,C2Y)；
C2And A2The conversion formula of (c) is:
C2X＝A2X*cos15°-A2Y*sin15°；
C2Y＝A2X*sin15°+A2Y*cos15°；
(4) the measuring head returns to the design center, the main shaft rotates to 30, 45, 60 and 75 degrees in the direction of the step 2 respectively, and coordinates are measuredThe cylinder hole center C is calculated and measured in a state of rotating to 30, 45, 60 and 75 degrees in the direction of step 23，C4，C5，C6The steps and attitude of the measurement are schematically shown in fig. 3;
(5) the coordinate of the center of the cylinder hole is calculated by an average value method, and the X coordinate is C1To C6In (b), the average value of the sum of X coordinates, and the Y coordinate is C1To C6The mean of the sum of the Y coordinates in (a);
(6) in order to prevent cladding burrs from being touched by a measuring head and influencing measuring errors, when the absolute value of deviation between an X coordinate or a Y coordinate of the center of a cylinder hole measured at a certain time and a theoretical circle center coordinate exceeds 0.2mm, the cylinder hole center coordinate in the measuring direction is cancelled to participate in calculation, and the cylinder hole center coordinates of other groups are used for carrying out mean value calculation;
(7) when the engine workpiece has a plurality of cylinder holes, according to the steps (2) to (6), the cylinder hole center coordinates are measured and calculated, and the cylinder hole center coordinates calculated each time and the cylinder hole center coordinates obtained by averaging are stored in the machine tool macro variable. If a memory card is added in the machine tool, data can be stored in the memory card, so that the backup and the like can be traced conveniently;
(8) when a machine tool cutter is used for fine boring, the cylinder hole is machined according to the measured center coordinates of the cylinder hole, the waste rate of workpieces is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
Based on the same inventive concept of the foregoing embodiment, in yet another alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, there is provided a cylinder hole circle center determining apparatus including:
the measuring module 10 is used for controlling a measuring head of the fine boring machine tool to start from a design center of the fine boring machine tool and obtaining a first cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured by a four-point circle center measuring method; controlling the main shaft of the measuring head to rotate for N times according to a preset angle; after each rotation, controlling the measuring head to start from the design center, and obtaining the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured in the ith rotation by the four-point circle center measuring method; n is more than or equal to 3 and is an integer, and i sequentially takes the values of 1,2, … and N;
and the determining module 20 is configured to determine the cylinder hole circle center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured according to the first cylinder hole center coordinate and the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate.
Optionally, the measurement module 10 is further configured to:
according to the corresponding rotation angle, converting the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate to an initial measurement coordinate system to obtain the converted (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate; the initial measurement coordinate system is a measurement coordinate system of the measuring head when measuring the center coordinate of the first cylinder hole;
the determination module 20 is configured to:
and determining the circle center coordinate of the cylinder hole according to the first cylinder hole center coordinate and the transformed (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate.
Specifically, the determining module 20 is configured to:
performing mean value calculation according to the abscissa of the center coordinate of the first cylinder hole and the abscissas of the center coordinates of all the transformed (i +1) th cylinder holes to obtain the abscissa of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole;
and performing mean value calculation according to the ordinate of the center coordinate of the first cylinder hole and the ordinate of the transformed i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate to obtain the ordinate of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole.
Optionally, the determining module 20 is configured to:
acquiring a theoretical abscissa and a theoretical ordinate of the circle center of the cylinder hole to be measured;
carrying out mean value calculation according to the abscissa of the center coordinate of the target cylinder hole to obtain the abscissa of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole;
carrying out mean value calculation according to the vertical coordinate of the center coordinate of the target cylinder hole to obtain the vertical coordinate of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole;
wherein if the absolute value of the difference between the abscissa of the first cylinder bore center coordinate and the theoretical abscissa is within 0.2mm, and the absolute value of the difference between the ordinate of the first cylinder bore center coordinate and the theoretical ordinate is within 0.2mm, the first cylinder bore center coordinate is taken as the target cylinder bore center coordinate; and if the absolute value of the difference between the abscissa of the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate and the theoretical abscissa is within 0.2mm, and the absolute value of the difference between the ordinate of the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate and the theoretical ordinate is within 0.2mm, taking the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate as the target cylinder hole center coordinate.
Optionally, the measurement module 10 is configured to:
controlling the measuring head to move back and forth along the X direction of the fine boring machine tool, acquiring a first transverse measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at one end of the cylinder hole to be measured, and acquiring a second transverse measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at the other end of the cylinder hole to be measured;
after the measuring head returns to the design center, controlling the measuring head to move back and forth along the Y direction of the fine boring machine tool, acquiring a first longitudinal measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at one end of the cylinder hole to be measured, and acquiring a second longitudinal measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at the other end of the cylinder hole to be measured;
determining the abscissa of the i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate according to the first transverse measurement value and the second transverse measurement value; determining the ordinate of the i +1 th cylinder bore center coordinate from the first longitudinal measurement and the second longitudinal measurement.
Based on the same inventive concept of the preceding embodiments, in a further alternative embodiment, a fine boring machine is provided, the controller of which is used to program the steps of any one of the determination methods of the preceding embodiments.
Through one or more embodiments of the present invention, the present invention has the following advantageous effects or advantages:
the invention provides a method and a device for determining the circle center of a cylinder hole and a fine boring machine tool, wherein a four-point circle center measuring method is adopted to obtain the center coordinate of the cylinder hole by controlling a measuring head from the design center of the fine boring machine tool; then controlling the measuring head to return to the design center, rotating according to a preset angle, and measuring the center coordinate of the cylinder hole after rotating; after N times of rotation and measurement, obtaining N +1 groups of cylinder hole center coordinates in total, and then comprehensively determining the cylinder hole circle center coordinates of the cylinder hole to be measured according to the obtained N +1 groups of cylinder hole center coordinates; the cylinder hole is rotated according to a preset angle, and a plurality of groups of cylinder hole center coordinates are obtained by a four-point circle center measuring method to determine a final circle center coordinate, so that the adverse effects of cylinder hole meltallizing deformation and inner wall burrs on circle center alignment are overcome; the reason why the measuring head is controlled to rotate and start at the design center when the center coordinate of the cylinder hole is measured every time is that practice shows that compared with a method that the measuring head does not return to the design center and starts from any point to directly measure, the center coordinate of the cylinder hole center with higher precision can be obtained when the measuring head rotates and starts at the design center. Generally speaking, according to the scheme, the accurate measurement of the circle center of the cylinder hole of the workpiece in the fine boring machine tool can be realized by using the existing measuring head technology on the premise of not significantly changing the layout of the existing fine boring machine tool and the production line, the advantages of considering measurement efficiency, measurement precision and measurement cost are achieved, the rejection rate of the workpiece can be reduced, the production cost is saved, and the comprehensive efficiency of equipment during batch production is improved.
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (10)
1. A method for determining the circle center of a cylinder hole is applied to a fine cylinder hole boring stage in a cylinder hole meltallizing process, and comprises the following steps:
controlling a measuring head of a fine boring machine tool to start from a design center of the fine boring machine tool, and obtaining a first cylinder hole center coordinate of a cylinder hole to be measured by a four-point circle center measuring method;
controlling the measuring head to return to the design center, and controlling the main shaft of the measuring head to rotate for N times according to a preset angle; after each rotation, controlling the measuring head to start from the design center, and obtaining the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured in the ith rotation by the four-point circle center measuring method; n is more than or equal to 2 and is an integer, and i sequentially takes the values of 1,2, … and N;
and determining the circle center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured according to the first cylinder hole center coordinate and the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate.
2. The determination method according to claim 1, characterized in that after said obtaining, by the four-point circle center measuring method, the i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured at the i-th rotation, the determination method further comprises:
according to the corresponding rotation angle, converting the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate to an initial measurement coordinate system to obtain the converted (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate; the initial measurement coordinate system is a measurement coordinate system of the measuring head when measuring the center coordinate of the first cylinder hole;
the determining the coordinates of the circle center of the cylinder hole to be measured according to the first cylinder hole center coordinate and the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate comprises:
and determining the circle center coordinate of the cylinder hole according to the first cylinder hole center coordinate and the transformed (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate.
3. The method of determining as defined in claim 2, wherein said determining the cylinder bore center coordinates from the first cylinder bore center coordinate and the transformed i +1 cylinder bore center coordinate comprises:
performing mean value calculation according to the abscissa of the center coordinate of the first cylinder hole and the abscissas of the center coordinates of all the transformed (i +1) th cylinder holes to obtain the abscissa of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole;
and performing mean value calculation according to the ordinate of the center coordinate of the first cylinder hole and the ordinate of the transformed i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate to obtain the ordinate of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole.
4. The method of determining as defined in claim 2, wherein said determining the cylinder bore center coordinates from the first cylinder bore center coordinate and the transformed i +1 cylinder bore center coordinate comprises:
acquiring a theoretical abscissa and a theoretical ordinate of the circle center of the cylinder hole to be measured;
carrying out mean value calculation according to the abscissa of the center coordinate of the target cylinder hole to obtain the abscissa of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole;
carrying out mean value calculation according to the vertical coordinate of the center coordinate of the target cylinder hole to obtain the vertical coordinate of the center coordinate of the cylinder hole;
wherein if the absolute value of the difference between the abscissa of the first cylinder bore center coordinate and the theoretical abscissa is within 0.2mm, and the absolute value of the difference between the ordinate of the first cylinder bore center coordinate and the theoretical ordinate is within 0.2mm, the first cylinder bore center coordinate is taken as the target cylinder bore center coordinate;
and if the absolute value of the difference between the abscissa of the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate and the theoretical abscissa is within 0.2mm, and the absolute value of the difference between the ordinate of the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate and the theoretical ordinate is within 0.2mm, taking the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate as the target cylinder hole center coordinate.
5. The determination method according to claim 2, wherein said obtaining, by the four-point circle center measuring method, the i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured at the i-th rotation includes:
controlling the measuring head to move back and forth along the X direction of the fine boring machine tool, acquiring a first transverse measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at one end of the cylinder hole to be measured, and acquiring a second transverse measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at the other end of the cylinder hole to be measured;
after the measuring head returns to the design center, controlling the measuring head to move back and forth along the Y direction of the fine boring machine tool, acquiring a first longitudinal measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at one end of the cylinder hole to be measured, and acquiring a second longitudinal measuring value when the measuring head touches the inner wall of the cylinder hole at the other end of the cylinder hole to be measured;
determining the abscissa of the i +1 th cylinder hole center coordinate according to the first transverse measurement value and the second transverse measurement value; determining the ordinate of the i +1 th cylinder bore center coordinate from the first longitudinal measurement and the second longitudinal measurement.
6. The determination method of claim 1, wherein N ranges from 5 to 11.
7. The determination method according to claim 6, wherein the preset angle has a value in a range of 8 ° to 15 °.
8. The determination method according to claim 1, characterized in that the probe is a cross-shaped probe, the diameter of the cross-shaped probe is equal to the difference between the diameter of the cylinder hole to be measured and a preset value, and the preset value is in a range of 4 mm to 6 mm.
9. A cylinder bore center determination apparatus, comprising:
the measuring module is used for controlling a measuring head of the fine boring machine tool to start from a design center of the fine boring machine tool and obtaining a first cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured by a four-point circle center measuring method; controlling the main shaft of the measuring head to rotate for N times according to a preset angle; after each rotation, controlling the measuring head to start from the design center, and obtaining the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured in the ith rotation by the four-point circle center measuring method; n is more than or equal to 3 and is an integer, and i sequentially takes the values of 1,2, … and N;
and the determining module is used for determining the circle center coordinate of the cylinder hole to be measured according to the first cylinder hole center coordinate and the (i +1) th cylinder hole center coordinate.
10. A fine boring machine, characterized in that a controller of the fine boring machine is used to program the steps of the determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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