CN113598162B - 一种助剂及其在制备防治蓟马药剂中的应用 - Google Patents

一种助剂及其在制备防治蓟马药剂中的应用 Download PDF

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CN113598162B
CN113598162B CN202111038849.4A CN202111038849A CN113598162B CN 113598162 B CN113598162 B CN 113598162B CN 202111038849 A CN202111038849 A CN 202111038849A CN 113598162 B CN113598162 B CN 113598162B
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夏玉先
彭国雄
周若男
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Chongqing Gubaiao Biological Research Institute Co ltd
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Abstract

一种提高蓟马防治效果的助剂，是由葡萄糖、蔗糖和果糖组成。该助剂对于不同的蓟马具有广谱引诱效果，引诱率达到99%以上，可以单独引诱蓟马后实施捕杀，也可配合杀虫剂直接灭杀，与杀虫剂混合后，引诱率不受影响，具有优异的稳定性，与甲氨基阿维素菌苯甲酸盐混合使用减少了化学药剂的使用频率，具有优异、稳定的防治效果。

Description

一种助剂及其在制备防治蓟马药剂中的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及农业技术领域，具体涉及一种助剂及其在防治蓟马中的应用。
背景技术
蓟马是缨翅目昆虫的通称，全世界已知约6000种，中国有600种，在瓜果、蔬菜、水稻、棉花、芒果、草莓等各种植物上为害，蓟马以成虫和若虫锉吸植株幼嫩组织(枝梢、叶片、花、果实等)汁液，被害的嫩叶、嫩梢变硬卷曲枯萎，脱落，植株生长缓慢；花器早落，幼嫩果实(如茄子、豇豆等)被害后会硬化、干缩，严重时造成落果，严重影响产量和品质。
目前，国内外已有诸多关于蓟马防治方面的研究，其防治方法主要为化学防治。但蓟马具有繁殖快、代数多，具有良好的飞行性和跳跃性等特点，同时，其危害部位隐蔽，主要躲在花里，打药不能直接接触，增加防治难度，从而成为多种蔬菜，如辣椒、豇豆等的难防害虫。为了有效控制蓟马危害，往往频繁使用化学农药，导致农残超标，严重影响蔬菜品质。实际生产中，农户采用0.3％红糖配合杀虫药剂能提高蓟马的灭杀效果，但是效果极不稳定，具体表现为糖对于不同种类蓟马的引诱效果差异大、不理想，与杀虫药剂混合后引诱效果受到抑制，导致其丧失了助剂作用。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种提高蓟马防治效果的助剂。该助剂对于多种作物上的不同蓟马均具有优异的引诱率，使用过程中其效率不受杀虫剂的抑制。
本发明目的通过如下技术方案实现：
一种助剂，其特征在于：所述助剂是由葡萄糖、蔗糖和果糖混合组成。
进一步，按照质量百分比葡萄糖约为30～60％，果糖约为20～40％，蔗糖约为20～40％。
优选的，上述葡萄糖为30％，果糖为30％，蔗糖为40％。
上述助剂在制备防治蓟马药剂中的应用，其特征在于，在上述助剂中加入清水，配制成质量浓度为3‰的溶液，直接喷洒于作物。
通过直接喷洒引诱蓟马，从而实现捕杀。
进一步，上述助剂在防治蓟马中的应用，其特征在于，在上述助剂中加入农药混合后，加入清水定容，配制成助剂质量浓度约为3‰的溶液，直接喷洒于作物，所述农药可选用甲氨基阿维素菌苯甲酸盐、呋虫胺或乙基多杀菌素。
本发明通过将不同的多糖和单糖根据特定比例混合，形成对不同种类的蓟马均具有优异的引诱效果的组合助剂，且与杀虫剂农药混合后，依然保持其稳定优异的引诱效率。
本发明具有如下技术效果：
本发明的助剂对于不同的蓟马具有广谱引诱效果，引诱率达到99％以上，可以单独引诱蓟马后实施捕杀，也可配合杀虫剂直接灭杀，与杀虫剂混合后，引诱率不受影响，具有优异的稳定性，与甲氨基阿维素菌苯甲酸盐混合使用减少了化学药剂的使用频率，具有优异、稳定的防治效果。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述，有必要在此指出的是，以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，该领域的技术人员可以根据上述本发明内容对本发明作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例1
一种提高蓟马防治效果的助剂，具体是按照质量百分比计由30％葡萄糖、35％蔗糖和35％果糖混合，加入清水配制成质量百分浓度为3‰的溶液。
实施例2
一种提高蓟马防治效果的助剂，具体是按照质量百分比计由60％葡萄糖、20％蔗糖和20％果糖混合，加入清水配制成质量百分浓度为3‰的溶液
实施例3
一种提高蓟马防治效果的助剂，具体是按照质量百分比计由40％葡萄糖、20％果糖和40％蔗糖混合，加入清水配制成质量百分浓度为3‰的溶液。
实施例4
一种提高蓟马防治效果的助剂，具体是按照质量百分比计由30％葡萄糖、40％果糖和30％蔗糖混合，加入清水配制成质量百分浓度为3‰的溶液。
实施例5
一种提高蓟马防治效果的助剂，具体是按照质量百分比计由40％葡萄糖、40％果糖和20％蔗糖混合，加入清水配制成质量百分浓度为3‰的溶液。
实施例6
一种提高蓟马防治效果的助剂，具体是按照质量百分比计由30％葡萄糖、30％果糖和40％蔗糖混合，加入清水配制成质量百分浓度为3‰的溶液。
对比例1
去掉实施例6的组合中果糖成分，保留葡萄糖和蔗糖成分，加入清水配制成3‰的溶液。
对比例2
去掉实施例6的组合中果糖成分，保留葡萄糖和果糖成分，加入清水配制成3‰的溶液。
对比例3
去掉实施例6的组合中果糖成分，保留蔗糖和果糖成分，加入清水配制成3‰的溶液。
对比例4
将实施例6中的葡萄糖替换成半乳糖，加入清水配制成3‰的溶液。
对比例5
将实施例6中的蔗糖替换成麦芽糖，加入清水配制成3‰的溶液。
对比例6
将实施例6中的果糖替换成甘露糖，加入清水配制成3‰的溶液。
对比例:7
在实施例6中30％葡萄糖、30％蔗糖和40％果糖混合的基础上，添加占总糖量10％的麦芽糖进行混合，然后加入清水配制成3‰的溶液。
引诱实验：
1.单独室内引诱：
(1)实验设置：本试验采用培养皿内垫滤纸，用喷雾塔喷施各种处理，实验设置如下CK、CK1-5，实施例1-6、对比例1-3。喷雾塔喷施各种处理后将豇豆花放置在滤纸中间，用封口膜将培养皿封上。
(2).数据调查：选取4h、8h记录花外蓟马数量，12h调查花中和花外蓟马数量。获得三个时间点花外蓟马数量和蓟马总数。
计算引诱率：
引诱率＝花外蓟马数量/蓟马总数×100％。
将清水作为空白对照组，记为CK，将葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖、半乳糖和麦芽糖分别配制为3‰的溶液，单独作为引诱蓟马的助剂对照，依次记为CK1～CK5。
实验结果如表1所示。
表1：各种组合对豇豆蓟马成虫的引诱率(％)
Figure BDA0003248317420000041
由表1可知，葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖的混合使用对于蓟马成虫的引诱在4h内达到80％以上，12h可以达到100％，远远高于单一的糖源作为助剂的引诱效果，其中实施例6的引诱效果最好，在4h时就达到98％，8h就达到100％。而对比例4-6中通过将本发明组合中任意一种糖进行替换，其引诱效果不仅没有得到提高，甚至较去除被替换的糖的组合呈现了降低趋势，对比例7直接在本发明中效果最优异的实施例6的组合中加入麦芽糖，该组合在12h时的引诱效果比实施例6中4h是的引诱率还低。
采用相同方法处理检测对辣椒蓟马的引诱率，如表2所示。
表2：各种组合对辣椒蓟马成虫的引诱率(％)
Figure BDA0003248317420000051
由表2可知，葡萄糖、蔗糖和果糖组合对于辣椒蓟马成虫的引诱在4h时达到80％以上，12h达到95％以上，远远高于单一的糖源作为助剂的引诱效果，其中实施例6的引诱效果最好，4h就达到91.2％，而对比例1-3中通过将本发明组合中任意一种糖去除，其引诱效果不仅没有得到提高，甚至呈现了降低趋势，对比例4-6中分别采用半乳糖、麦芽糖和甘露糖对葡萄糖、蔗糖和果糖进行替换，其效果较对比例1-3变化不大，直接在本发明中效果最优异的实施例6的组合中加入麦芽糖，该组合在12h时的引诱效果比实施例6中4h是的引诱率还低。
2.助剂与农药组合后的室内引诱
在上述各对照组、实施例及对比例配制的等量的助剂溶液中分别加入等量的呋虫胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)和乙基多杀菌素，采用上述室内引诱方法进行引诱实验，12h后检测其引诱率结果如表3和表4所示。
表3：各组合加农药后对豇豆蓟马成虫的引诱率(％)
Figure BDA0003248317420000061
表4：各组合加农药后对辣椒蓟马成虫的引诱率(％)
Figure BDA0003248317420000071
从上述表中可以看出，本发明的葡萄糖+果糖+蔗糖组合和对比例组合中加入杀虫剂前后引诱率没有太大变化，引诱效果受杀虫剂的影响极小。本发明中葡萄糖+果糖+蔗糖的组合形成的助剂尝试用于葱蓟马、瓜蓟马、稻蓟马等不同的种类蓟马，均能维持其优异的引诱率，具有优异的广谱性，在加入农药后，依然能保持其对于不同种类的蓟马优异的引诱效果。
2.助剂与农药混合应用
对蓟马的防治效果实验：
(1)实验设置：采用背式喷雾器于早间分别对豇豆和辣椒进行施药，每5天施一次，连续施药2次。实验设置如下CK(清水)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(以下简称甲维盐)、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐加实施例6配制的助剂3个方案。
(2)施药方法：化学农药使用高威严甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐，按推荐用量配比3‰实施事例混合使用。
(3)虫口调查：第一次施药前和施药后1天、5天、9天、13天共5个时间点每处理随机选择15-30朵花调查每朵花蓟马数量。
计算防效：防效＝[1-(处理区药后活虫数×对照区药前活虫数)/(处理区药前活虫数×对照区药后活虫数)]×100％；
对于辣椒和豇豆具体防治结果如表5和表6所示。
表5：豇豆蓟马的防治效果
时间节点 CK 组合+甲维盐 甲维盐
1d - 65.4％ 53.0％
5d - 69.2％ 63.8％
9d - 72.6％ 62.0％
13d - 70.3％ 57.0％
由表3可知，喷施1d、5d、9d和13d后，豇豆花的虫口调查发现，本发明配制的助剂和甲维盐混合喷施，对于豇豆蓟马的防效达到70.3％。
表6：辣椒蓟马的防治效果
时间节点 CK 组合+甲维盐 甲维盐
1d - 72.1％ 50.8％
5d - 75.1％ 64.7％
9d - 81.6％ 71.3％
13d - 80.8％ 64.1％
由表4可知，施药后1d、5d、9d、13d辣椒花的虫口调查发现本发明配制的助剂和甲维盐的混合使用对蓟马的具有优异的防效，防效达到80.8％。

Claims (3)

1.一种提高蓟马防治效果的助剂，其特征在于：所述助剂是由葡萄糖、蔗糖和果糖混合组成，按照质量百分比葡萄糖为30~60%，果糖为20~40%，蔗糖为20~40%。
2.如权利要求1所述的助剂在制备防治蓟马药剂中的应用，其特征在于：在所述助剂中加入清水，将助剂配制成质量浓度为3‰的溶液，直接喷洒于作物。
3.如权利要求1所述的助剂在制备防治蓟马药剂中的应用，其特征在于：将所述助剂与农药混合后，加入清水定容，配制成助剂质量浓度为3‰的溶液，直接喷洒于作物，所述农药选用甲氨基阿维素菌苯甲酸盐、呋虫胺或乙基多杀菌素。
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