CN113595647A - Photon beam forming unit, transmitting system and receiving system - Google Patents

Photon beam forming unit, transmitting system and receiving system Download PDF

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CN113595647A
CN113595647A CN202110834528.9A CN202110834528A CN113595647A CN 113595647 A CN113595647 A CN 113595647A CN 202110834528 A CN202110834528 A CN 202110834528A CN 113595647 A CN113595647 A CN 113595647A
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optical
array
optical signals
port
network
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CN113595647B (en
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李强
田野
刘胜平
赵洋
王玮
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United Microelectronics Center Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/506—Multiwavelength transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

The photon beam forming unit includes: a first port; a network of optical interference units comprising a plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units configured such that the network of optical interference units functions as an optical matrix multiplier having a transmission matrix for one of photon beamforming transmission and photon beamforming reception; and a second port optically coupled to the first port via a network of optical interference units, the transmission matrix for photonic beam-forming transmission converting input optical signals of the first array at the first port into output optical signals of the second array at the second port, the output optical signals of the second array having equal phase differences with each other; the transmission matrix for photonic beamforming reception converts input optical signals of the third array at the second port into output optical signals of the fourth array at the first port, the output optical signals of the fourth array corresponding to different direction angles, respectively.

Description

Photon beam forming unit, transmitting system and receiving system
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of photonic beamforming, and in particular, to a photonic beamforming unit, a photonic beamforming transmission system, and a photonic beamforming reception system.
Background
Beamforming, or beamforming, spatial filtering, is a signal processing technique that uses an array of sensors to directionally transmit and receive signals. Beamforming techniques allow signals at certain angles to achieve constructive interference and signals at other angles to achieve destructive interference by adjusting parameters of the basic elements of the phased array. Beamforming can be used for both signal transmitting ends and signal receiving ends, and has wide application in the fields of radars, communication systems, radio astronomy and the like.
In the related art, beamforming is to realize transmission or reception of a signal in a given direction through an electric domain beamforming network. The beam forming network based on the photon technology still has wide research prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
It would be advantageous to provide a mechanism that alleviates, mitigates or even eliminates one or more of the above-mentioned problems.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a photon beam forming unit including: a first port; a network of optical interference units comprising a plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units configured such that the network of optical interference units functions as an optical matrix multiplier having a transmission matrix for one of photon beamforming transmission and photon beamforming reception; and a second port optically coupled to the first port via a network of optical interference units, the transmission matrix for photonic beam-forming transmission converting input optical signals of the first array at the first port into output optical signals of the second array at the second port, the output optical signals of the second array having equal phase differences with each other; the transmission matrix for photonic beamforming reception converts input optical signals of the third array at the second port into output optical signals of the fourth array at the first port, the output optical signals of the fourth array corresponding to different direction angles, respectively.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a photon beamforming transmission system comprising: a photon beamforming unit as described above, wherein the transmission matrix of the network of optical interference units is used for photon beamforming emission; a light source optically coupled to the first port for generating input optical signals for the first array; and an antenna unit optically coupled to the second port for transmitting the output optical signals of the second array.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a photon beamforming receiving system comprising: a photon beam shaping unit as described above, the transmission matrix of the network of optical interference units being used for photon beam shaping reception; an antenna unit optically coupled to the second port for picking up a third array of input optical signals from the received signals, the optical signals in the third array of input optical signals having a first directional angle; a receiver unit optically coupled to the first port for detecting respective light intensities of the optical signals in the output optical signals of the fourth array, the light intensity of each of the output optical signals of the fourth array being inversely proportional to a difference between the corresponding directional angle of the optical signal and the first directional angle.
These and other aspects of the disclosure will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.
Drawings
Further details, features and advantages of the disclosure are disclosed in the following description of exemplary embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a photon beam forming unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of a photon beam shaping unit according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a photon beamforming transmit system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a single wavelength light source in the photon beam forming emission system of FIG. 3 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a multi-wavelength light source in the photonic beamforming transmit system of FIG. 3 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a photon beamforming receive system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a single wavelength optical signal receiver unit in the photonic beamforming receive system of FIG. 6 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a multi-wavelength optical signal receiver unit in the photonic beamforming receive system of FIG. 6 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 is a schematic block diagram of a photonic beam transceiver system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.
Spatially relative terms such as "below …," "below …," "lower," "below …," "above …," "upper," and the like may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that these spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" or "under" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary terms "below …" and "below …" may encompass both an orientation above … and below …. Terms such as "before …" or "before …" and "after …" or "next to" may similarly be used, for example, to indicate the order in which light passes through the elements. The devices may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. In addition, it will also be understood that when a layer is referred to as being "between" two layers, it can be the only layer between the two layers, or one or more intervening layers may also be present.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and the phrase "at least one of a and B" refers to a alone, B alone, or both a and B.
It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "on," "connected to," "coupled to" or "adjacent to" another element or layer, it can be directly on, connected to, coupled to or adjacent to the other element or layer or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly connected to," "directly coupled to," or "directly adjacent to" another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. However, neither "on … nor" directly on … "should be construed as requiring that one layer completely cover an underlying layer in any event.
Embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to schematic illustrations (and intermediate structures) of idealized embodiments of the present disclosure. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments of the present disclosure should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the actual shape of a region of a device and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and/or the present specification and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
As used herein, the term "substrate" may refer to a substrate of a diced wafer, or may refer to a substrate of an unslit wafer. Similarly, the terms chip and die (die) may be used interchangeably unless such interchange causes a conflict. It should be understood that the term "layer" includes films and, unless otherwise specified, should not be construed as indicating a vertical or horizontal thickness.
In the beam forming technology, in order to transmit or receive signals in a given direction, the phase and amplitude of signals to be transmitted or received are adjusted, so that the signals in the given direction interfere constructively and the signals in other directions interfere destructively, thereby realizing the transmission and reception of directional signals. In a related electric domain beam forming network, an electric phase shifter is used for phase regulation, so that the problems of beam offset, limited bandwidth and the like exist, and the application of the electric phase shifter in the fields of high-resolution radar measurement, imaging and the like is limited.
The photon technology has the advantages of large broadband, low loss, low power consumption, small size, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability and the like, and can overcome the limitation of the electronic beam forming technology. In the related art, the optical control beam forming network scheme includes a dispersion structure, an optical delay line and the like, and has the problems of complex system structure, low integration level and the like. Meanwhile, when transmitting and receiving, the direction angle during transmitting or receiving needs to be adjusted by scanning phase shifter or delay line parameters, and beam forming processing is performed in a serial working mode, so that the speed is low, and the advantages of the photon technology in beam forming application cannot be fully exerted.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a photon beam forming unit 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 1, the photonic beamforming unit 100 includes a first port 110, a network of optical interference units 120, and a second port 130.
In some exemplary embodiments, the first port 110 includes 4 ports 112, 114, 116, and 118. The optical signals input from the 4 ports 112, 114, 116 and 118 constitute the input optical signals of the first array at the first port 110. Illustratively, the optical signals of the first array may include optical signals of a single wavelength input from any one of the ports 112, 114, 116 or 118, and may further include optical signals of a plurality of different wavelengths input from a plurality of the input ports 112, 114, 116 or 118, respectively.
In some exemplary embodiments, the network 120 of optical interferometric units is a network constructed from interferometric units. Illustratively, the network of optical interference units 120 includes a plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units, such as optical interference units 122, 124, 126, and the like. The plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units are configured such that the network 120 of optical interference units functions as an optical matrix multiplier. The optical matrix multiplier has a transmission matrix for one of photon beamforming transmission and photon beamforming reception.
In some exemplary embodiments, the second port 130 includes ports 132, 134, 136, and 138, and is optically coupled to the first port 110 via the network of optical interference units 120.
In some exemplary embodiments, when the network of optical interference units 120 is used for photonic beam-forming transmission, the transmission matrix converts the input optical signals of the first array at the first port 110 into the output optical signals of the second array at the second port 130, and the output optical signals of the second array have equal phase differences with each other. Illustratively, the output optical signals of the second array of output optical signals having equal phase differences may be in the form of an equal difference array of phases between the respective optical signals output from the 4 ports 132, 134, 136 and 138 of the second port 130.
In some exemplary embodiments, when the network of optical interference units 120 is used for photonic beam forming reception, the transmission matrix converts the input optical signals of the third array at the second port 130 into the output optical signals of the fourth array at the first port 110, and the output optical signals of the fourth array correspond to different directional angles, respectively.
In some exemplary embodiments, each of the plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units 122, 124, 126, etc. may be a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The MZI may include a first phase shifter module for changing a splitting ratio of the MZI. The first phase shifter module may include one or two first phase shifters. For example, a first phase shifter 121 is shown in fig. 1. The MZI may further include a second phase shifter module for shifting a phase of one output of the MZI. The second phase shifter module may include one or two second phase shifters. For example, a second phase shifter 123 is shown in FIG. 1. The first and second phase shifter modules of the MZI in the plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units are configured such that the optical matrix multiplier has a transmission matrix. Illustratively, when the network 120 of optical interference units is used for photonic beam-forming transmission, the parameters of the individual phase shifters in the MZI network may be configured such that the input optical signals of the first array input by the first port 110 may be converted into output optical signals of the second array having equal phase differences at the second port 130 after being operated on by the transmission matrix possessed by the network 120 of optical interference units. In other exemplary embodiments, when the network 120 of optical interference units is used for photonic beam-forming reception, the parameters of each phase shifter in the MZI network may be configured such that the optical signal input at the second port 130 is converted into optical signals corresponding to different direction angles, respectively, at the first port 110 via a transmission matrix operation.
In some exemplary embodiments, each MZI may include two input arms, two interference arms, and two output arms. One first phase shifter of the first phase shifter module is arranged on at least one of the two interference arms, and one second phase shifter of the second phase shifter module is arranged on at least one of the two input arms or on at least one of the two output arms. Illustratively, as shown in fig. 1, one first phase shifter 121 of a first phase shifter module of the photonic interference unit 122 is disposed on one input arm and one second phase shifter 123 of a second phase shifter module is disposed on one interference arm to perform a phase shift operation on an optical signal input to the photonic interference unit 122.
In some exemplary embodiments, the phase shifters, e.g., one or two first phase shifters of a first phase shifter module and one or two second phase shifters of a second phase shifter module, may be electro-optical phase shifters, thermo-optical phase shifters, lithium niobate phase shifters, phase change material phase shifters, etc., respectively.
In some exemplary embodiments, each of the plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units comprises one selected from the group consisting of a photonic crystal and a ring resonator.
In summary, the photon beam forming unit 100 can be used for photon beam forming transmission or reception by configuring the network 120 of optical interference units to be used as an optical matrix multiplier, and work in a parallel manner, so as to improve the processing speed of beam transmission or reception. On the other hand, by constructing the MZI type optical interference unit network, the phase shifter parameters of each MZI can be adjusted to realize the adjustment of each element in the transmission matrix, and further, the flexibility and diversity of the transmission matrix are improved to meet different transmitting or receiving purposes.
With continued reference to FIG. 1, in further exemplary embodiments, the network 120 of optical interference units includes a first subnetwork 140, a second subnetwork 150, and a third subnetwork 160 cascaded with one another, and each of the Mach-Zehnder interferometers in the plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units is configured such that the first subnetwork 140, the second subnetwork 150, and the third subnetwork 160 have, as respective transmission matrices, a first unitary matrix, a diagonal matrix, and a second unitary matrix resulting from singular value decomposition of a transmission matrix of the network 120. Exemplarily, for a 2 × 2 basic interference cell, a 2 × 2 unitary matrix can be used to describe:
Figure BDA0003173540700000061
wherein θ and
Figure BDA0003173540700000062
are the phase shifter parameters. A plurality of different MZIs are interconnected in a certain geometric topology form to form a network (for example, the network formed by the geometric topology form shown in fig. 1), and the MZI network can realize the representation of any N × P transmission matrix based on a specific mathematical method (for example, the MZI network in fig. 1 can represent any 4 × 4 transmission matrix). Therefore, the MZI network according to the embodiment of the present application can be used as an optical matrix calculation unit to implement the operation of multiplying an input optical signal by an arbitrary N × P transmission matrix.
In some exemplary embodiments, the network 120 of optical interference units is a network constructed by singular value decomposition, and any complex transmission matrix may be implemented. Any complex number transmission matrix M is decomposed into two unitary elements by a singular value decomposition methodThe matrices (denoted as unitary matrix U and unitary matrix V, respectively)T) Multiplication with a diagonal matrix Σ, i.e. M ═ U Σ VT. Since the diagonal matrix can also be represented by an MZI, a photonic matrix computation unit formed by cascading three different MZI networks can perform any matrix multiplication. Illustratively, a 4 × 4 transmission matrix may include 16 optical interference units.
In summary, the network 120 of optical interference units is configured as a first network 140, a second network 150 and a third network 160 cascaded to each other, and the first network 140 and the third network 160 are unitary matrices and the second network 150 is a diagonal matrix. By separately regulating and controlling the parameters of the phase shifters in the optical interference units constituting the first, second, and third networks 140, 150, and 160, an arbitrary complex transmission matrix can be implemented, thereby improving the diversity and flexibility of the photon beam forming unit.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a photon beam shaping unit 200 according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Like reference numerals in fig. 2 and 1 denote like elements, which are not described again. As shown in FIG. 2, network 220 of optical interference units includes 6 optical interference units 222, 224, 226, etc. The plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units may include MZIs and each MZI is configured such that the transmission matrix is unitary. Illustratively, the parameters of the phase shifters of each MZI may be adjusted such that 4 row vectors of a 4 × 4 transmission matrix may constitute a set of orthogonal bases of four-dimensional complex space, and 4 column vectors may also constitute a set of four-dimensional complex space orthogonal bases.
In summary, the photon beam forming unit 200 configures the transmission matrix of the network 220 of optical interference units as a unitary matrix, so that the number of required optical interference units can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing power consumption.
Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a photon beamforming transmit system 300 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 3, the photon beam forming transmission system 300 includes a photon beam forming unit 310, a light source 320, and an antenna unit 330.
The photon beamforming unit 310 comprises a photon beamforming unit as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 or described in the various embodiments and wherein the transmission matrix of the network of optical interference units is configured for photon beamforming emission.
The light source 320 is optically coupled to the first port of the photon beam shaping unit 310 for generating the input optical signals of the first array. Illustratively, the optical source 320 may generate the input optical signals E of the first array having a single wavelengthin：
Figure BDA0003173540700000071
Illustratively, the transmission matrix M may be configured by adjusting parameters of the individual optical interference units in the photon beam shaping unit 3101Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003173540700000072
wherein is different
Figure BDA0003173540700000073
Values corresponding to different emission direction angles thetak，k＝1，2，3，4。
The antenna unit 330 is coupled to the second port of the photon beam shaping unit 310 for transmitting the output optical signals of the second array. Illustratively, the input optical signal E passes through a first array of transmission matricesinIs converted into an output optical signal E of the second arrayout：
Figure BDA0003173540700000081
Wherein the second array outputs optical signal EoutWith equal phase difference
Figure BDA0003173540700000082
Further, has equal phase difference
Figure BDA0003173540700000083
E of (A)outOutput through the antenna unit 330 and interfere in space at a directional angle theta1And (4) transmitting.
In some exemplary embodiments, the photon beam shaping unit 310 may also be adjusted to achieve simultaneous amplitude and phase adjustment of the output optical signals of the second array, illustratively, the transmission matrix M 'may be configured'1：
Figure BDA0003173540700000084
In some exemplary embodiments, the antenna unit 330 may include one selected from the group consisting of: the optical antenna unit directly transmits the output optical signals of the second array and the microwave antenna unit converts the output optical signals of the second array into microwave signals for transmission.
In some exemplary embodiments, the photon beam forming launching system 300 further comprises an electronic controller 340 for configuring the plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units in the photon beam forming unit 310 such that the network of optical interference units has a desired transmission matrix.
In summary, by forming the photon beam forming transmission system 300 by using the photon beam forming unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present application, the output optical signals of the second array with the equal difference phase can be transmitted from the antenna unit 330. The output optical signals interfere in space due to having an equal difference phase, thereby realizing that the optical signals occur at a specific angle.
Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a single wavelength light source 400 that may be used as the light source 320 in the photonic beamforming transmit system 300 of fig. 3 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 4, single wavelength optical source 400 includes a laser 410, a modulator 420, and a 1 xn optical switch 430. The laser 410 is used to produce an optical output having a single wavelength. A modulator 420 is optically coupled to the laser 410 for modulating the generated optical output. A1 xN optical switch 430 is optically coupled to the modulator 420 for outputting the modulated lightTo any of the N outputs of the 1 xn optical switch 430 as an input optical signal to the first array of photonic beamforming units 310 in the photonic beamforming transmit system 300. Illustratively, when the modulated optical signal is output from the ith port of the 1 × N optical switch 430, the optical signal may be implemented at θiIs emitted.
In summary, the optical signal generated by the single-wavelength optical source 400 can be input to the photonic beam forming unit from any port through the 1 × N optical switch 430, so that the optical signal can be emitted at any angle, and the flexibility and controllability of the emitting system are improved.
In some exemplary embodiments, the light source may use a plurality of lasers having different wavelengths. Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a multi-wavelength light source 500 that may be used as the light source 320 in the photonic beamforming transmit system 300 of fig. 3 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 5, a multi-wavelength light source 500 includes a plurality of lasers (510-1 to 510-N) for generating a respective plurality of optical outputs having respective wavelengths, and a plurality of modulators (520-1 to 520-N) optically coupled to respective ones of the plurality of lasers for modulating the plurality of optical outputs and outputting the modulated plurality of optical outputs in parallel as an input optical signal for a first array.
Illustratively, the output wavelengths of the N lasers are respectively lambda1，λ2，…，λN. In some exemplary embodiments, the photon beamforming unit may be configured to implement a 4 × 4 arbitrary complex transmission matrix, such as transmission matrix M1. When the input optical signals of the first array are 4 paths, i.e. Ein＝[Ein1(λ1),Ein2(λ2),Ein3(λ3),Ein4(λ4)]TAnd each path of optical signal has different wavelength, the output optical signal of the second array output at this time is:
Figure BDA0003173540700000091
it can be seen that for any wavelength λkHaving a phase ofPotential difference
Figure BDA0003173540700000092
k is 1, 2, 3, 4. Because the signals with different wavelengths do not interfere with each other, multi-wavelength and multi-angle beam forming can be realized.
In summary, the multi-wavelength light source 500 can generate optical signals with a plurality of different wavelengths, and each of the optical signals with different wavelengths can be converted into optical signals with equal-difference phases and output in parallel by the photon beam forming unit 310, so that the plurality of different wavelengths are simultaneously emitted at different angles, and the practicability and flexibility of the photon beam forming emission system are greatly improved.
Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a photon beamforming receiving system 600 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 6, photon beamforming receiving system 600 includes a photon beamforming unit 610, an antenna unit 620, and a receiver unit 630.
The photon beamforming unit 610 comprises a photon beamforming unit as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 or described in the various embodiments and wherein the transmission matrix of the network of optical interference units is configured for photon beamforming reception.
The antenna unit 620 is optically coupled to the second port for picking up the input optical signals of the third array from the received signals, and the optical signals in the input optical signals of the third array have a first directional angle θ0。
A receiver unit 630 optically coupled to the first port for detecting respective light intensities of the optical signals in the output optical signals of the fourth array, and the light intensity of each of the output optical signals of the fourth array is inversely proportional to the direction angle to which the optical signal corresponds and said first direction angle θ0The difference between them.
The input optical signal may be, for example, an optical signal received directly by the optical antenna, or an optical signal obtained by loading a microwave signal received by the microwave antenna on an optical wave through electro-optical conversion.
In some exemplary embodimentsWhen having the first direction angle theta0When the input optical signal of (a) is a single wavelength,
Figure BDA0003173540700000101
Figure BDA0003173540700000102
a transmission matrix M of the photon beam forming unit 610 may be set2Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003173540700000103
transmitted matrix M2The output optical signal E in the output optical signals of the fourth array obtained by transformationoutRespectively correspond to theta1，θ2，θ3And theta4：
Figure BDA0003173540700000104
And the light intensity of each output light signal is inversely proportional to the angle theta corresponding to the light signalkAnd theta0The difference, k, is 1, 2, 3, 4. Detecting the output optical signal E by the receiver unit 630outThe first direction angle theta of the input optical signal can be realized0And (4) determining the range.
In some exemplary embodiments, the transmission matrix of the photon beamforming unit 610 in the photon beamforming receiving system 600 may be a unitary matrix. Illustratively, the photon beam forming unit 610 may be configured to implement a 4 × 4 unitary matrix shown in fig. 2. The 4 row vectors of the 4 × 4 unitary matrix may form a set of orthogonal bases of four-dimensional complex space, and the 4 column vectors may also form a set of four-dimensional complex space orthogonal bases. The received input optical signals of the third array are processed by the unitary transmission matrix of the photon beam shaping unit 610, which is equivalent to projections in different orthogonal bases of a four-dimensional complex space composed of 4 row vectors or column vectors. Due to different first direction angles theta0In different positiveThe projected pattern of the intersections varies. The information such as the first direction angle included in the input optical signal can be analyzed through different patterns.
In some exemplary embodiments, the photon beam shaping receiving system 600 further comprises an electronic controller 640 for configuring a plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units of the photon beam shaping units 610 in accordance with the detected respective light intensities of the optical signals in the output optical signals of the fourth array so as to adapt the transmission matrix of the network of optical interference units.
In summary, the photonic beam forming receiving system 600 transforms the input optical signals into the output optical signals of the fourth array by configuring the photonic beam forming unit 610, and each optical signal corresponds to an angle. The angle of each optical signal is detected by the receiver unit 630 to enable determination of the angular range of the input optical signal. The photon beam forming receiving system 600 can judge the angle range of the input optical signal in parallel, thereby improving the processing speed of the input optical signal.
Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a single wavelength optical signal receiver unit 700 that may be used as the receiver unit 630 in the photonic beamforming receive system 600 of fig. 6 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 7, the input optical signals of the third array comprise optical signals having a single wavelength, and the receiver unit 700 comprises a plurality of photo detectors (710-1 to 710-N) for detecting the light intensity of respective ones of the output optical signals of the fourth array. Illustratively, the light detector may convert an input optical signal into an electrical signal.
In some exemplary embodiments, the electrical signal output by the optical detector may be processed by an electronic chip (e.g., the electronic controller 640 of fig. 6) through AD conversion, or may also be directly determined by a preset threshold, for example, when the light intensity of one of the output optical signals of the fourth array is greater than the threshold, a digital signal 1 is obtained, otherwise, a digital signal 0 is obtained. For example, when there are two output optical signals of the fourth array outputting 1, the input incident signal can be determined according to the corresponding direction angles of the two output optical signalsFirst direction angle theta of0The range of (1). For example, when the output signal of the fourth array corresponds to θ1And theta2The light intensity of the output signal of the direction angle is processed to obtain a digital signal 1 corresponding to theta3And theta4The light intensity of the output signal of the direction angle is processed to obtain a digital signal 0, then theta can be judged0At theta1And theta2E.g. theta1<θ0<θ2。
In some exemplary embodiments, the transmission function of the photon beam forming unit 610 may be adjusted by the electronic controller 640 to further narrow the first directional angle θ of the incident light0And the error between the corresponding photon beam forming unit setting parameters until the calculation requirement is met. For example, at the judgment of θ1<θ0<θ2Thereafter, the transmission matrix M may be changed by adjusting parameters of the interference units of the photon beam forming unit 6102In
Figure BDA0003173540700000111
To
Figure BDA0003173540700000112
Accordingly theta1To theta4Is also changed. Illustratively, θ may be varied1To theta4Is theta'1To theta'4And are made of theta'1＝θ1，θ′4＝θ2. Further, by again processing the light intensity of the fourth array light signal, we obtain the correspondence θ'1To theta'4Digital signal of direction angle, thereby further determining the incident angle theta0The range of (1).
In summary, the photon beam forming receiving system 600 with the single-wavelength optical signal receiver unit 700 can realize the simultaneous operation of the optical beam forming units with N direction angles. The structure of the photon beam forming unit 610 achieves a processing speed N times as high as that of the serial method. It is also possible to make it possible to obtain the calculation result at once by enlarging the size of the photon beam forming unit 610. In some exemplary embodiments, a phase change material is used as a phase shifter, and a zero power optical beamforming process may be implemented.
Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a multi-wavelength optical signal receiver unit 800 that may be used as the receiver unit 630 in the photon beamforming receiving system 600 of fig. 6 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8, the input optical signals of the third array include signals having a plurality of wavelengths (λ)1，λ2…λp) The optical signal of (1). Multi-wavelength optical signal receiver unit 800 includes a plurality of demultiplexers (820-1 through 820-N) and a plurality of photodetector arrays (810-1 through 810-N). Each demultiplexer is configured to demultiplex an output optical signal of a plurality of wavelengths from a respective one of the output optical signals of the fourth array. A plurality of photodetector arrays are optically coupled to respective ones of the plurality of demultiplexers, each photodetector array for detecting the optical intensity of the output optical signal having the plurality of wavelengths from a respective one of the plurality of demultiplexers. Illustratively, optical signals 810 having p wavelengths, after passing through the demultiplexer, are demultiplexed to correspond to λ, respectively1To lambdapP kinds of optical signals. Each optical signal is converted into an electrical signal after passing through the photodetector array to detect the light intensity of the optical signal.
To sum up, the photon beam forming receiving system 600 with the multi-wavelength optical signal receiver unit 800 can simultaneously detect optical signals with single wavelength in input optical signals with multiple wavelengths, and thus the application range of the optical beam forming receiving system 600 is expanded.
Fig. 9 is a schematic block diagram of a photonic beam transceiver system 900 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 9, the photonic beam transceiver system 900 includes a photonic beam forming unit 910, an antenna unit 920, a light source 930, a receiver unit 940, an optical switch network 950 and an electronic controller 960 as shown in fig. 1, 2 or described in various embodiments. The antenna unit 920 is optically coupled to the second port for transmitting the output optical signals of the second array and for picking up the input optical signals of the third array from the received signals. A light source 930 for generating input optical signals for the first array. A receiver unit 940 for detecting respective light intensities of the optical signals in the output optical signals of the fourth array. An optical switch network 950 includes a plurality of optical switches (optical switches 950-1 to 950-N) for selectively optically coupling either the optical source 930 or the receiver unit 940 to a first port. An electronic controller 960 for controlling the optical switch network to switch the photonic beam transceiver system between: an emission mode in which the light source is optically coupled to the first port; and a receive mode in which the receiver unit is optically coupled to the first port. It can be appreciated that through the switching of the optical switch network 930, the photonic beam transceiver system 900 can simultaneously implement the functions of, for example, a photonic beam transmitting system and a photonic beam receiving system.
While the disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative and exemplary and not restrictive; the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed subject matter, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps not listed, the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality, and the term "a plurality" means two or more. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

Claims (16)

1. A photon beamforming unit comprising:
a first port;
a network of optical interference units comprising a plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units, wherein the plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units are configured such that the network of optical interference units functions as an optical matrix multiplier having a transmission matrix for one of photon beamforming transmission and photon beamforming reception; and
a second port optically coupled to the first port via the network of optical interference units,
wherein the transmission matrix for photon beamforming transmission converts input optical signals of a first array at the first port into output optical signals of a second array at the second port, wherein output optical signals of the second array have equal phase difference with each other, and
wherein the transmission matrix for photon beamforming reception converts input optical signals of a third array at the second port into output optical signals of a fourth array at the first port, wherein output optical signals of the fourth array correspond to different directional angles, respectively.
2. The photonic beamforming unit of claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units comprises a mach-zehnder interferometer comprising:
a first phase shifter module comprising one or two first phase shifters for changing a splitting ratio of the mach-zehnder interferometer; and
a second phase shifter module including one or two second phase shifters for shifting the phase of one output of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and
wherein the first and second phase shifter modules of each Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units are configured such that the optical matrix multiplier has the transmission matrix.
3. The photonic beamforming unit of claim 2 wherein each of the mach-zehnder interferometers includes two input arms, two interference arms, and two output arms, wherein one first phase shifter of the first phase shifter module is disposed on at least one of the two interference arms, and wherein one second phase shifter of the second phase shifter module is disposed on at least one of the two input arms or at least one of the two output arms.
4. The photonic beamforming unit of claim 2, wherein the network of optical interference units comprises a first sub-network, a second sub-network, and a third sub-network cascaded to each other, and wherein each mach-zehnder interferometer of the plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units is configured such that the first sub-network, the second sub-network, and the third sub-network have a first unitary matrix, a diagonal matrix, and a second unitary matrix, respectively, as respective transmission matrices, obtained by singular value decomposition of the transmission matrix.
5. The photonic beamforming unit of claim 2 wherein each mach-zehnder interferometer in the plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units is configured such that the transmission matrix is a unitary matrix.
6. The photonic beamforming unit of claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units comprises one selected from the group consisting of a photonic crystal and a ring resonator.
7. A photon beamforming transmit system comprising:
the photon beamforming unit according to any of the claims 1 to 6, wherein the transmission matrix of the network of optical interference units is used for photon beamforming emission;
a light source optically coupled to the first port for generating input optical signals for the first array; and
an antenna unit optically coupled to the second port for transmitting the output optical signals of the second array.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the light source comprises:
a laser for producing an optical output having a single wavelength;
a modulator optically coupled to the laser for modulating the generated light output; and
a 1 xN optical switch optically coupled to the modulator for directing the modulated optical output to any one of the N outputs of the 1 xN optical switch as an input optical signal to the first array.
9. The system of claim 7, wherein the light source comprises:
a plurality of lasers for producing a respective plurality of optical outputs having respective wavelengths;
a plurality of modulators optically coupled to respective ones of the plurality of lasers for modulating the plurality of optical outputs and outputting the modulated plurality of optical outputs in parallel as input optical signals to the first array.
10. The system of claim 7, wherein the antenna element comprises one selected from the group consisting of:
an optical antenna unit directly emitting the output optical signals of the second array; and
and the microwave antenna unit is used for converting the output optical signals of the second array into microwave signals to be transmitted.
11. The system of any one of claims 7 to 10, further comprising an electronic controller for configuring the plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units such that the network of optical interference units has the transmission matrix.
12. A photon beamforming receiving system comprising:
the photon beamforming unit according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the transmission matrix of the network of optical interference units is used for photon beamforming reception;
an antenna unit optically coupled to the second port for picking up the input optical signals of the third array from the received signals, wherein optical signals of the input optical signals of the third array have a first directional angle; and
a receiver unit optically coupled to the first port for detecting respective optical intensities of the optical signals in the output optical signals of the fourth array, wherein the optical intensity of each of the output optical signals of the fourth array is inversely proportional to a difference between the directional angle to which that optical signal corresponds and the first directional angle.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the input optical signals of the third array comprise optical signals having a single wavelength, and wherein the receiver unit comprises a plurality of photodetectors for detecting optical intensities of respective ones of the output optical signals of the fourth array.
14. The system of claim 12, wherein the input optical signals of the third array comprise optical signals having a plurality of wavelengths, and wherein the receiver unit comprises:
a plurality of demultiplexers, each demultiplexer for demultiplexing an output optical signal having the plurality of wavelengths from a respective one of the output optical signals of the fourth array; and
a plurality of photodetector arrays optically coupled to respective ones of the plurality of demultiplexers, each photodetector array for detecting the optical intensity of the output optical signal having the plurality of wavelengths from a respective one of the plurality of demultiplexers.
15. The system of any one of claims 12 to 14, further comprising an electronic controller for configuring said plurality of optically interconnected optical interference units in accordance with the detected respective light intensities of said optical signals in the output optical signals of said fourth array so as to adapt said transmission matrix of said network of optical interference units.
16. A photonic beam transceiver system comprising:
the photon beam shaping unit of any one of claims 1 to 6;
an antenna unit optically coupled to the second port for transmitting the output optical signals of the second array and picking up the input optical signals of the third array from the received signals;
a light source for generating input optical signals for the first array;
a receiver unit for detecting respective light intensities of the optical signals in the output optical signals of the fourth array;
an optical switch network for selectively optically coupling either the optical source or the receiver unit to the first port; and
an electronic controller for controlling the optical switch network to switch the photonic beam transceiver system between: an emission mode in which the light source is optically coupled to the first port; and a receive mode in which the receiver unit is optically coupled to the first port.
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