CN113376747A - Programmable optical time delay matrix and light-operated multi-beam forming device - Google Patents
Programmable optical time delay matrix and light-operated multi-beam forming device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113376747A CN113376747A CN202110674924.XA CN202110674924A CN113376747A CN 113376747 A CN113376747 A CN 113376747A CN 202110674924 A CN202110674924 A CN 202110674924A CN 113376747 A CN113376747 A CN 113376747A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/29392—Controlling dispersion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
- G02B6/3544—2D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a plane
- G02B6/3546—NxM switch, i.e. a regular array of switches elements of matrix type constellation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a programmable optical delay matrix, which comprises an array consisting of M multiplied by N optical switches, wherein the optical switches at the head and the tail of each row are respectively of a 1 multiplied by 2 type and a 2 multiplied by 1 type, the other optical switches are of a 2 multiplied by 2 type, and M, N is an integer more than 2; one pair of ports of any two adjacent optical switches in each row is connected through a zero dispersion optical fiber, and the other pair of ports is connected through a dispersion optical fiber; the N-1 dispersion fibers in the same row have the same dispersion coefficient but different length, and the M dispersion fibers in the same column have the same length but different dispersion coefficients. The invention also discloses a light-operated multi-beam forming device. Compared with the prior art, the invention has wider working bandwidth and more flexible control, can simultaneously realize multiple beams, more beam directions and real-time adjustment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-beam forming device, in particular to an optically-controlled multi-beam forming device, and belongs to the technical field of microwave photonics.
Background
With the rapid increase of capacity demand of wireless communication systems, MIMO systems based on small-scale antennas in the 4G era have been difficult to adapt to the trend of development. By the age of 5G, massive MIMO technology has been developed to solve this problem. Massive MIMO may implement 16, 32, 64, 128, or even larger-scale antennas in 5G compared to up to 8 antennas for 4G MIMO. As one of the 5G key technologies, the most important component of massive MIMO technology is multi-beam forming. The traditional beam forming system based on pure electronic technology has an electronic bottleneck, and benefits from the large bandwidth and low loss of optical elements, and the microwave photon multi-beam forming has the advantages of small size, flexible control, light weight, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like. The light-operated multi-beam forming technology mainly comprises two means of phase shift and time delay, a beam forming system based on the phase shift principle can only realize narrow-band beams due to the inherent beam tilt effect, and the time delay technology is widely applied because the beam deflection problem does not exist.
In recent decade, light-operated multi-beam forming technology has been studied and developed in depth at home and abroad. The university of Texas in the United states proposed a real-Time Delay Beamformer Based on photonic Crystal fibers (sub arm. H, Chen. M. Y, Chen. R. T. photonic Crystal Fiber-Based True-Time-Delay Beam former for Multiple RF Beam Transmission and Reception of an X-Band phase-Array Antenna [ J ] Journal of Lightwave Technology,2008,26(15):2803 Tec 2809.) that utilizes the high dispersion coefficients of photonic Crystal fibers to generate different delays for signals of different wavelengths passing through photonic Crystal fibers of different lengths. Although the scheme can generate multi-beam, the beam direction can only be realized by changing the wavelength of the laser because the length of the photonic crystal fiber is fixed and can not be switched, and the cost is higher; and the preparation of photonic crystal fibers is difficult. The Nanjing aerospace university proposes a combined architecture of a multi-wavelength source and a dispersive optical fiber (Ye.X, Zhang.F, Pan.S. optical real time delay unit for multi-beamforming [ J ]. Optics Express,2015,23(8): 10002). in the scheme, N different radio frequency signals are modulated onto each comb tooth in an optical frequency comb, various time delays of a plurality of RF signals can be obtained after passing through the dispersive optical fiber, an N-port programmable filter is inserted to select N comb lines, and then the comb lines are divided into N paths. The desired RF signal is extracted by a microwave photonic filter in each path. The programmable optical filter has the advantage of flexible wavelength selection, and an independent controllable time delay is introduced to a certain radio frequency signal on each path, so that multi-beam forming is realized. However, the system needs N filters to separate frequencies, and the structure is complex (at least two sets of such structures are needed to realize multi-beam).
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provides a variable and various programmable optical delay matrix, and an optically controlled multi-beam forming apparatus based on the programmable optical delay matrix, which can simultaneously form multiple beams and have more beam directions that are adjustable.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a programmable optical delay matrix comprises an array consisting of M × N optical switches, wherein the optical switches at the head and the tail of each row are respectively of a 1 × 2 type and a 2 × 1 type, the rest optical switches are of a 2 × 2 type, and M, N are integers greater than 2; one pair of ports of any two adjacent optical switches in each row is connected through a zero dispersion optical fiber, and the other pair of ports is connected through a dispersion optical fiber; the N-1 dispersion fibers in the same row have the same dispersion coefficient but different length, and the M dispersion fibers in the same column have the same length but different dispersion coefficients.
Preferably, the law of variation of the length of the dispersive optical fiber in each row is the same.
Further preferably, the length of the dispersive optical fiber changes in a regular manner in increments/decrements of powers of 2.
Preferably, the dispersion coefficient change law of the dispersive optical fiber in each column is the same.
Further preferably, the law of change of the dispersion coefficient of the dispersive optical fiber is equal difference increasing/decreasing.
An optically controlled multi-beam forming device comprising:
a laser array comprising K lasers outputting carriers of different wavelengths, K being an integer greater than 1; the electro-optical modulator array comprises K electro-optical modulators and is used for modulating the K wave carriers with different wavelengths by K microwave beams to generate K paths of modulation signals;
the KxM optical coupler is used for equally dividing the coupling signals of the K paths of modulation signals into M paths;
the optical delay matrix is the programmable optical delay matrix according to any one of the above technical solutions, and M rows of input ends of the programmable optical delay matrix are connected with M output ends of the K × M coupling unit in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the photoelectric detector array comprises M photoelectric detectors and is used for converting the M rows of output signals of the time delay matrix into electric signals in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
and the antenna array comprises M antenna array elements which are connected with the output ends of the M photodetectors of the photodetector array in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the programmable optical delay matrix selects different paths by switching of the optical switch, so that different wavelengths generate different delays after passing through the dispersive optical fibers with different lengths, thereby forming beams with different directions, and the delay amount is more and can be adjusted in real time.
The light-operated multi-beam forming device is based on a time delay principle, theoretically has no beam tilt effect, has wider working bandwidth and more flexible control, and can simultaneously realize multi-beam and real-time adjustment of beam direction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a programmable optical delay matrix provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of an optically controlled multi-beam forming apparatus provided in the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a 4-array element 3-bit 2-beam optically controlled multi-beam forming device of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a programmable optical delay matrix in the optically controlled multi-beam forming apparatus shown in fig. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between each array element and a time delay in the optically controlled multi-beam forming apparatus shown in fig. 3;
fig. 6 is a pattern diagram of two beams in the optically controlled multi-beam forming apparatus of fig. 3.
The reference numerals in the figures have the following meanings:
1. programmable optical delay matrix, 2, 1 × 2 type optical switch, 3, dispersive optical fiber, 4, zero dispersive optical fiber, 5,2 × 2 type optical switch, 6, laser array, 7, electro-optical modulator array, 8, KxM optical coupler, 9, photoelectric detector array, 10 and antenna array.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the solution idea of the invention is to construct a programmable optical delay matrix by using an optical switch array, a dispersion optical fiber and a zero dispersion optical fiber, and select different paths by using the switching of an optical switch, so that different wavelengths generate different delays after passing through the dispersion optical fibers with different lengths, thereby forming beams with different directions, and the delay amount is more and can be adjusted in real time. And on the basis, the light-operated multi-beam forming device which has wider working bandwidth and more flexible control and can simultaneously realize multi-beam and real-time adjustment of beam direction is constructed.
The programmable optical delay matrix provided by the invention comprises an array consisting of M multiplied by N optical switches, wherein the optical switches at the head and the tail of each row are respectively of a 1 multiplied by 2 type and a 2 multiplied by 1 type, the other optical switches are of a 2 multiplied by 2 type, and M, N is an integer more than 2; one pair of ports of any two adjacent optical switches in each row is connected through a zero dispersion optical fiber, and the other pair of ports is connected through a dispersion optical fiber; the N-1 dispersion fibers in the same row have the same dispersion coefficient but different length, and the M dispersion fibers in the same column have the same length but different dispersion coefficients.
Different paths are selected by controlling the optical switch to switch and pass through the dispersion optical fibers with different lengths, so that different time delay amounts are obtained, and further beams with different directions are formed.
In order to more conveniently and accurately realize the beam control, the length change rule of the dispersive optical fiber in each row is preferably the same.
Further preferably, the length of the dispersive optical fiber changes in a regular manner in increments/decrements of powers of 2.
Preferably, the dispersion coefficient change law of the dispersive optical fiber in each column is the same.
Further preferably, the law of change of the dispersion coefficient of the dispersive optical fiber is equal difference increasing/decreasing.
An optically controlled multi-beam forming device comprising:
a laser array comprising K lasers outputting carriers of different wavelengths, K being an integer greater than 1;
the electro-optical modulator array comprises K electro-optical modulators and is used for modulating the K wave carriers with different wavelengths by K microwave beams to generate K paths of modulation signals;
the KxM optical coupler is used for equally dividing the coupling signals of the K paths of modulation signals into M paths;
the optical delay matrix is the programmable optical delay matrix according to any one of the above technical solutions, and M rows of input ends of the programmable optical delay matrix are connected with M output ends of the K × M coupling unit in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the photoelectric detector array comprises M photoelectric detectors and is used for converting the M rows of output signals of the time delay matrix into electric signals in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
and the antenna array comprises M antenna array elements which are connected with the output ends of the M photodetectors of the photodetector array in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
For the public to understand, the technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail by a preferred embodiment with the accompanying drawings:
the specific structure of the programmable optical delay matrix of this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and the programmable optical delay matrix has M input ports, each input port corresponds to one row, and N rows are formed in total; each row of the programmable optical delay matrix has N optical switches, except the first and Nth 1 × 2 type optical switches 2, the rest are 2 × 2 type optical switches 5; the interval between two adjacent optical switches in each row is taken as a column, two sections of optical fibers are connected with the two adjacent optical switches in each interval, one section is a dispersion optical fiber 3, and the other section is a dispersion optical fiber 4; the dispersive fibers 3 in the same row have the same dispersion coefficient and, from the first column to the (N-1) th column, the length of the dispersive fiber 3 increases by a power of 2 (of course,it can also be decreased by a power of 2, the effect being the same); in the same column, the dispersion coefficient of the dispersion fiber 3 increases in an equal difference (the incremental difference is D) from the first row to the mth row0Also here, the arithmetic decreasing is possible).
The structure of an optically controlled multi-beam forming device based on the programmable optical delay matrix of fig. 1 is shown in fig. 2, and comprises: a laser array 6 (which includes K lasers that output carriers of different wavelengths); an electro-optical modulator array 7 (containing K electro-optical modulators); a KxM optical coupler 8; a programmable optical delay matrix 1 (containing M × N optical switches); a photodetector array 9 (containing M electro-optical modulators); an antenna array 10 (containing M antennas); the optical carrier output by the laser array 6 is respectively connected to the optical carrier input ends of the electro-optical modulators in the electro-optical modulator array 7, the output ends of the electro-optical modulators are respectively connected to the K input ends of the K × M optical coupler 8, the M output ends of the K × M optical coupler 8 are respectively connected to the M input ends of the programmable optical delay matrix 1, the M output ends of the programmable optical delay matrix 1 are respectively connected to the input ends of the M photodetectors in the photodetector array 9, and the output signals of the M photodetectors are respectively output to the M antenna array elements of the external antenna array 10.
The light-operated multi-beam forming device shown in fig. 2 can control the delay and amplitude of the signals of K different microwave beams, so that the K beams point to the set direction and respectively form an angle theta with the normal of the antenna array1、θ2、……、θK. The M microwave beam directions can be changed by controlling the switching of the optical switch in the programmable optical delay matrix to change the delay difference of the transmitting and receiving signals of the adjacent array elements. K lasers emit K optical carriers with different wavelengths, wherein the wavelengths are lambda respectively1、λ2、……、λK. And the signals of the K wave beams are loaded on the K electro-optical modulators respectively to obtain K paths of modulation signals. After each path of modulation signal is coupled into one path through a KxM optical coupler, the coupled signal is divided into M paths of output. In the programmable optical delay matrix, each row inputs a coupling signal composed of M modulation signals, and different paths are selected by controlling the switching of the optical switch. In each of the rows, the number of rows,the length of the dispersive optical fiber passed by the optical switch is
Wherein SjIndicating the state of the jth optical switch, S j0 or 1, j-1, 2, … …, N. Assuming that the dispersion coefficient of the first row of dispersive optical fibers is D0ps/km nm, the optical switches of each row in the programmable optical delay matrix are in the same state, and the ith wavelength lambdaiDelay difference generated between two adjacent rows after passing through programmable optical delay matrix
The time delay difference generated after different wavelengths pass through the programmable optical delay matrix can be changed by changing the state of the optical switch to change the length of the passing dispersive optical fiber or changing the wavelength interval of the laser; so that the angle theta between the signal of the ith microwave beam and the normal direction of the antenna arrayi＝arcsin(ΔτiC/d), d is the adjacent antenna spacing, and c is the speed of light in the fiber. The time delay difference generated after different wavelengths pass through the programmable optical delay matrix can be changed by changing the state of the optical switch to change the length of the passing dispersive optical fiber or changing the wavelength interval of the laser. Output signals of M output ports of the programmable optical delay matrix are converted into electric signals by corresponding photoelectric detectors of the photoelectric detector array respectively and then are output to corresponding antenna array elements.
In order to make the public understand the technical solution of the present invention more fully, the following takes a simplest light-controlled multi-beam forming device with 4 × 4 array of 2 beams as an example, and combines theoretical analysis to further explain in detail:
as shown in fig. 3, the light-controlled multi-beam forming device of a 4 × 4 array of 2 beams in the present embodiment includes the following units: a laser array 6 (which includes 2 lasers outputting carriers of different wavelengths); an electro-optical modulator array 7 (containing 2 electro-optical modulators); a 2 × 4 optical coupler 8; a programmable optical delay matrix 1 (containing 4 × 4 optical switches); a photodetector array 9 (containing 4 electro-optical modulators); an antenna array 10 (comprising 4 antennas). Two output from laser array 6Path wavelengths are respectively lambda1、λ2The optical carrier wave of (2) is respectively connected to the optical carrier wave input ends of two electro-optical modulators in the electro-optical modulator array 7, the output ends of the two electro-optical modulators are respectively connected with the two input ends of a 2 x 4 optical coupler 8, the four output ends of the 2 x 4 optical coupler 8 are respectively connected with the four input ends of a programmable optical delay matrix 1, the four output ends of the programmable optical delay matrix 1 are respectively connected with the four photoelectric detector input ends of a photoelectric detector array 9, and the output signals of the four photoelectric detectors are respectively output to two antenna array elements of an external antenna array 10.
The programmable optical delay matrix in this embodiment is shown in fig. 4, and includes a 4 × 4 array composed of 8 1 × 2 optical switches and 8 2 × 2 optical switches, where the first and fourth optical switches in each row are 1 × 2 optical switches, and the second and third optical switches are 2 × 2 optical switches, and there are four same rows. Taking the interval between two adjacent optical switches in each row as a column, and connecting two adjacent optical switches by two sections of optical fibers in each interval, wherein one section is a zero-dispersion optical fiber, and the other section is a dispersion optical fiber; when the optical switch state is '1', the optical switch passes through the dispersion optical fiber, and when the optical switch state is '0', the optical switch passes through the zero dispersion optical fiber; in the same row, the dispersive optical fibers have the same dispersion coefficient and the length of the dispersive optical fibers increases by powers of 2 from the first row to the 3 rd row; in the same column, the dispersion coefficients of the dispersive optical fiber increase progressively with equal difference from the first row to the 4 th row.
At the output wavelength λ of the first laser in the laser array1For the reference wavelength, let the optical switches of each row be in the same state, the total length of dispersive fiber that each row passes through can be expressed as:
wherein S isjIndicating the state of the j-th optical switch, j being 1,2, … …, N, which has only two states, S j1 when passing through a dispersive optical fiber; sjWhen the value is 0, the fiber passes through the zero dispersion fiber, and L is the length of the first row of dispersion fibers.
The amount of delay that occurs after signals of different wavelengths pass through different rows in the programmable optical delay matrix can be expressed as:
wherein λ isiDenotes the wavelength emitted by the ith laser, i ═ 1,2, … …, K; d0For the dispersion coefficient of the first row of dispersive fibers, l represents the number of rows, l is 1,2, … …, M.
The time delay difference generated between two adjacent rows after signals with different wavelengths pass through the programmable optical delay matrix can be expressed as:
the beam pointing direction generated by the ith wavelength signal can be expressed as:
wherein, thetaiThe angle between the signal of the ith microwave beam and the normal direction of the antenna array is shown, the distance between the antenna elements is d, and the speed of light in the optical fiber is c.
In the present embodiment, λ1、λ2The time delay difference generated between two adjacent rows after passing through the programmable optical delay matrix can be respectively expressed as:
Δτ1＝0 (5)
the beam pointing angles can be expressed as:
θ1＝0 (7)
by controlling the switching of the optical switch to select the dispersion optical fibers with different lengths or changing the wavelength interval of the laser, the signal delay amount can be changed, thereby adjusting the direction of the beam in real time.
Claims (6)
1. A programmable optical delay matrix is characterized by comprising an array consisting of M multiplied by N optical switches, wherein the optical switches at the head and the tail of each row are respectively of a 1 multiplied by 2 type and a 2 multiplied by 1 type, the other optical switches are of a 2 multiplied by 2 type, and M, N is an integer more than 2; one pair of ports of any two adjacent optical switches in each row is connected through a zero dispersion optical fiber, and the other pair of ports is connected through a dispersion optical fiber; the N-1 dispersion fibers in the same row have the same dispersion coefficient but different length, and the M dispersion fibers in the same column have the same length but different dispersion coefficients.
2. The programmable optical delay matrix of claim 1 wherein the law of variation of the lengths of the dispersive optical fibers in each row is the same.
3. The programmable optical delay matrix of claim 2 wherein the length of said dispersive optical fiber is varied in a manner that increases/decreases by a power of 2.
4. The programmable optical delay matrix of claim 1 wherein the dispersion coefficients of the dispersive optical fibers in each column vary according to the same law.
5. The programmable optical delay matrix of claim 4 wherein said dispersive optical fiber has a dispersion coefficient variation law that is equal difference incremental/decremental.
6. An optically controlled multi-beam forming apparatus, comprising:
a laser array comprising K lasers outputting carriers of different wavelengths, K being an integer greater than 1;
the electro-optical modulator array comprises K electro-optical modulators and is used for modulating the K wave carriers with different wavelengths by K microwave beams to generate K paths of modulation signals;
the KxM optical coupler is used for equally dividing the coupling signals of the K paths of modulation signals into M paths;
the optical delay matrix is the programmable optical delay matrix as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein M rows of input ends of the programmable optical delay matrix are connected with M output ends of the KxM coupling units in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the photoelectric detector array comprises M photoelectric detectors and is used for converting the M rows of output signals of the time delay matrix into electric signals in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
and the antenna array comprises M antenna array elements which are connected with the output ends of the M photodetectors of the photodetector array in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009121967A1 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2009-10-08 | Thales | Optical device for applying a real delay to a radio-electric signal and application in the formation of transmission and reception beams with an active antenna |
| JP2014099680A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-29 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Discrete optical path length adjusting device and discrete optical path length adjusting method |
| CN107086892A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-08-22 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | The system for forming microwave photon optical control beam |
| WO2020153222A1 (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-30 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Wireless communication system, accommodation station device, and wireless communication method |
| CN111641458A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Universal multichannel optical dispersion delayer |
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2021
- 2021-06-18 CN CN202110674924.XA patent/CN113376747A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009121967A1 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2009-10-08 | Thales | Optical device for applying a real delay to a radio-electric signal and application in the formation of transmission and reception beams with an active antenna |
| JP2014099680A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-29 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Discrete optical path length adjusting device and discrete optical path length adjusting method |
| CN107086892A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-08-22 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | The system for forming microwave photon optical control beam |
| WO2020153222A1 (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-30 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Wireless communication system, accommodation station device, and wireless communication method |
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