CN113595267B - Motor and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Motor and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113595267B CN113595267B CN202010367997.XA CN202010367997A CN113595267B CN 113595267 B CN113595267 B CN 113595267B CN 202010367997 A CN202010367997 A CN 202010367997A CN 113595267 B CN113595267 B CN 113595267B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/145—Stator cores with salient poles having an annular coil, e.g. of the claw-pole type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
- H02K3/34—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
- H02K3/34—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
- H02K3/345—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
- H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
- H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
- H02K3/521—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only
- H02K3/525—Annular coils, e.g. for cores of the claw-pole type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a motor and electronic equipment relates to the motor technical field, and under the prerequisite that does not increase motor volume size, can increase the output of motor, promotes motor efficiency. The motor includes: a rotor provided with a plurality of pole magnets; the stator, the stator sets up with the rotor is concentric, and the rotor can be rotatory for the stator, and the stator has arranged N wire winding tooth towards one side edge circumference of rotor, and every wire winding tooth is used for winding a winding, all is equipped with a tooth that separates between every adjacent two wire winding teeth, separates the tooth and is used for establishing the magnetic bridge between adjacent two windings, and wherein, N is more than or equal to 3 integer. The motor provided by the embodiment of the application can be used for realizing electric energy conversion or transmitting into rotary acting.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a motor and electronic equipment.
Background
The motor is an electromagnetic device which realizes electric energy conversion or transmission into rotation to do work through the law of electromagnetic induction between a stator and a rotor. With the development demand of technology, the specification parameters of the motor also show various, for example, the motor is smaller and smaller, and under the limited volume, the power of the motor needs to be increased, which puts higher demands on the production design of the motor.
Referring to fig. 1, taking a conventional structure of an external rotor motor as an example, 12 teeth 011 are uniformly spaced on an inner stator 01, each tooth 011 is wound with a copper wire winding 012, and an external rotor 02 has 10 poles 021. To increase the motor power, the copper wire windings 012 on each inner stator 01 are wound more and more. In this way, the electrical load and power density of the motor will be increased, and the adjacent copper wire windings 012 may interfere, which may bring the copper wire windings 012 of the motor to gather and generate heat, so that the thermal load and loss of the motor will be further increased, and the overall efficiency of the motor is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a motor and electronic equipment, under the prerequisite that does not increase motor volume size, can increase the output of motor, promotes motor efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an electric machine, including:
a rotor provided with a plurality of pole magnets;
the stator, the stator sets up with the rotor is concentric, and the rotor can be rotatory for the stator, and the stator has arranged N wire winding tooth towards one side circumference of rotor, and every wire winding tooth is used for winding a winding, all is equipped with a tooth that separates between every adjacent two wire winding teeth, separates the tooth and is used for establishing the magnetic bridge between adjacent two windings, and wherein, N is more than or equal to 3 integer.
According to the motor provided by the embodiment of the application, as the teeth are arranged between every two adjacent winding teeth, when the winding is wound on each winding tooth, the teeth are separated between the windings on the two adjacent winding teeth. On one hand, the adjacent two windings are separated by the separation teeth, so that interference is not worried about, and further flexible winding can be realized according to the requirement; on the other hand, the arrangement of the isolating teeth enables the motor to form a magnetic bridge effect between two adjacent windings when the motor is electrified and works, the isolating teeth are equivalent to a magnetic circuit expressway between the two adjacent windings, so that the magnetic density can be improved, the utilization rate of electromagnetic energy is further improved, the output power of the motor can be increased on the premise that the size of the motor is not increased, and the motor efficiency is improved.
In a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an arc length of the tooth near an end face of the rotor is smaller than an arc length of the winding tooth near the end face of the rotor. The winding is required on the winding teeth, and therefore, the end of the winding teeth near the rotor is generally wider, forming a flange to block the windings. The tooth is only used for isolating adjacent windings and establishing a magnetic bridge, and coils do not need to be wound, so that one end of the tooth, which is close to the rotor, can be provided with a flange, or not provided with a flange, and the arc length of the end face of the tooth, which is close to the rotor, is smaller than that of the end face of the winding tooth, which is close to the rotor, so that the space in the motor is saved, the material consumption is reduced, the cost is reduced.
In a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the cross section of the tooth cut along the radial direction of the stator is T-shaped or I-shaped. The shape of the teeth can be provided in various ways, for example, the teeth can be cut in a T-shaped or I-shaped section along the radial direction of the stator.
In a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the magnetism isolating grooves are formed on the magnetism isolating teeth along a radial direction of the stator. Owing to set up the magnetism isolation groove, when the winding is circular telegram, can form the air Magnetic resistance in the magnetism isolation groove, block Magnetic force and circulate here, and then change the Magnetic circuit direction for obtain magnetism gathering directivity effect along the both sides in magnetism isolation groove, that is, magnetism isolation groove can block the Magnetic circuit, the Magnetic circuit will form closed loop (closed loop) along the wire winding tooth bridge (Magnetic bridge) both sides in centre, improved Magnetic density, thereby furthest utilizes electromagnetic energy, under the prerequisite that does not increase motor volume size, can increase the output of motor, promote motor efficiency.
In a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the magnetism isolating slot is formed by one end, close to the rotor, of the magnetism isolating tooth facing to one end, far away from the rotor, and one side, close to the rotor, of the magnetism isolating slot is an opening, and one side, far away from the rotor, is a bottom surface of the magnetism isolating slot. That is, the side of the magnetism isolating slot facing the rotor is an opening, and the side of the magnetism isolating slot away from the rotor is the bottom surface of the magnetism isolating slot, namely, the magnetism isolating slot cuts the magnetism isolating teeth on the side facing the rotor, the magnetism isolating teeth are not cut off on the side away from the rotor, the magnetism isolating teeth which are not cut off ensure that the whole stator is a component, and the magnetism isolating slots are not manufactured separately, so that the roundness consistency of N winding teeth and N magnetism isolating teeth of the stator is ensured during manufacturing; and when the winding is electrified, the position, which is far away from the rotor, of the magnetism isolating groove and is not used for cutting off the magnetism isolating teeth can generate a Magnetic saturation phenomenon, so that the magnetism is blocked from flowing in the position, the direction of a Magnetic circuit is changed, the magnetism gathering directivity effect is obtained along the two sides of the magnetism isolating groove, namely, the magnetism isolating groove can block the Magnetic circuit, the Magnetic circuit forms a closed loop (closed loop) along the two sides of a winding tooth Magnetic bridge (Magnetic bridge) in the middle, the Magnetic density is improved, the electromagnetic energy is utilized to the maximum extent, the output power of the motor can be increased, and the motor efficiency is improved on the premise that the volume size of the motor is not increased.
In a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a side of the stator away from the rotor is a mounting surface, adjacent winding teeth and isolating teeth are connected by a tooth root surface, and a side of the isolating slot away from the rotor is opened between the mounting surface and the tooth root surface. In order to ensure that when the windings are electrified, the magnetic saturation phenomenon can be generated at the position, which is far away from the rotor, of the magnetism isolating slot, wherein the position is not used for cutting off the magnetism isolating teeth, the magnetism saturation phenomenon is like water flow, magnetic force can propagate along the magnetism isolating teeth (like water flows), the distance between the side, far away from the rotor, of the magnetism isolating slot and the mounting surface is a passage (like a water channel of flowable water) through which the magnetic force can propagate to the other side of the magnetism isolating slot, and when the magnetic force flow in the passage fills the passage, other magnetic forces can not pass through the passage, and then can be respectively gathered at the two sides of the magnetism isolating slot in a directional manner, so that the magnetic force density is improved. Therefore, in the opening of the magnetism isolating grooves, the deeper the magnetism isolating grooves are opened (i.e., the closer the magnetism isolating grooves are located on the side away from the rotor to the mounting surface), the easier the magnetic saturation phenomenon is satisfied, and the more the effect of improving the magnetic force density is apparent. In order to facilitate the manufacture, the side of the magnetism isolating slot away from the rotor can be opened between the installation surface and the tooth root surface, so that the passage of the magnetic force transmitted from the winding tooth is necessarily larger than the passage between the side of the magnetism isolating slot away from the rotor and the installation surface, and further, a part of the magnetic force cannot pass through the passage between the side of the magnetism isolating slot away from the rotor and the installation surface, and the magnetic circuit blocking effect of the magnetism isolating slot can be ensured.
In a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a distance between a side of the magnetism isolating slot away from the rotor and the mounting surface is 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm. Through multiple calculation and experiment verification, the distance between the side of the magnetism isolating groove far away from the rotor and the installation surface can be 0.2-0.5 mm, so that the magnetic saturation effect is ensured, and the motor efficiency is improved. The distance between the side of the magnetism isolating groove far away from the rotor and the installation surface can be 0.2 millimeter, 0.35 millimeter or 0.5 millimeter, etc.
In a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the magnetism isolating slot is located in a middle portion of the magnetism isolating tooth to divide the magnetism isolating tooth into two symmetrical parts. The magnetism isolating grooves can isolate and block magnetism on two sides of the magnetic isolating grooves so as to change the direction of a magnetic circuit, improve the magnetic density and increase the efficiency of a motor. In order to ensure that the magnetism isolating grooves can ensure the magnetic force distribution on the two sides of the magnetism isolating grooves to be equally divided as much as possible, the magnetism isolating grooves can be arranged in the middle of the magnetism isolating teeth, so that the magnetism isolating teeth are divided into two symmetrical parts. In addition, the magnetism isolating groove in the middle of the isolating tooth makes the two separated parts of the isolating tooth symmetrical, the layout is convenient, and the structural strength is stable.
In an eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the magnetism isolating slot is a bar slot. The shape of the magnetism isolating slot can be various, so long as the magnetism on two sides of the magnetism isolating slot can be isolated and blocked, and the direction of the magnetic circuit can be changed. According to the shape of the isolating teeth, the strip-shaped isolating magnetic grooves are easy to set and convenient to process and manufacture.
In a ninth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, among N windings provided on N winding teeth, windings of the same phase electricity are connected in parallel with winding. The wiring mode of each winding of the motor stator is two modes of series connection and parallel connection. Under the condition that the isolating teeth are arranged and the isolating magnetic grooves are arranged on the isolating teeth, the windings of each phase can be wound in series or in parallel, and the specific winding selection can be selected according to actual conditions. In the series mode, the resistance value of each phase is a superposition of the resistances of the respective windings, in particular a single resistance value multiplied by the number of all windings in each phase, whereas in the parallel mode, the resistance value of each phase is a decreasing resistance of the respective windings, in particular a single resistance value divided by the number of all windings in each phase. Therefore, compared with a series winding mode, the parallel winding mode has the advantages that the equivalent resistance value of each phase of winding is greatly reduced, the copper loss of the winding is further greatly reduced, and the efficiency of the motor can be improved.
In a tenth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, N is an integer multiple of 3. The N wire-wound teeth are wound with windings, i.e., the number of windings is also N. When the motor works, different windings of the stator are generally required to be electrically connected in a multiphase mode so as to generate magnetic force, and the magnetic force interacts with pole magnets of the rotor to rotate the rotor. The number of the phase electricity which is normally connected in the stator is three, so that in order to ensure that the windings can be connected with three groups of phase electricity, N is an integer multiple of 3, namely, the windings can be 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and the like, and the N windings can be divided into three groups of combinations connected with different phase electricity.
In an eleventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, N may be 3, that is, the stator has 3 winding teeth, the windings are 3, and the 3 windings are connected to different phase electricity in a one-to-one correspondence. The motor with the stator of 3 windings has simple structure and convenient manufacture, and the winding space for each winding is relatively larger under the condition of the same outer diameter of the motor stator. However, in the using process of the motor with 3 windings, as the 3 windings are connected with different phase electricity, each winding can only be arranged on one side of the stator, and thus, the problem of unbalanced magnetic force on two sides of the stator can be caused after the windings are electrified.
In a twelfth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, N is 6,6 winding teeth are arranged at intervals uniformly, each winding tooth has another winding tooth symmetrical to its center, and windings of any winding tooth and another winding tooth symmetrical to its center are connected to in-phase electricity. Taking a stator with 6 winding teeth as an example, the 6 winding teeth are uniformly arranged at intervals, so that each winding tooth is provided with another winding tooth which is symmetrical with the winding teeth in the center, and windings on two winding teeth which are symmetrical with each other in the center can be connected with in-phase electricity, and therefore, the magnetic force on two sides of the stator is balanced after the stator is electrified, and the motor efficiency is higher.
In a thirteenth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the motor may be an external rotor motor, i.e. the rotor is of annular structure, and the stator is located inside the rotor.
In a fourteenth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the motor may be an inner rotor motor, i.e. the stator is of annular structure, and the rotor is located inside the stator.
In a fifteenth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an insulating skeleton is sleeved on an outer portion of the stator, and the winding is wound on the insulating skeleton. In order to prevent the heat generated by the winding during operation from affecting other positions of the motor, an insulating framework is sleeved outside a stator of the motor, and then the winding is wound on the insulating framework. The insulating framework has good heat resistance, can play a flame-retardant effect, and ensures the normal operation of the motor.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device comprising a motor of any one of the first aspects.
The electronic device of the embodiment of the application, due to the inclusion of the motor of any one of the first aspect, has the same technical effect that the output power of the motor can be increased and the motor efficiency can be improved on the premise of not increasing the size of the motor.
In a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the electronic device is any one of a radiator fan, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a cradle head, a water pump motor and a mobile phone. The motor of the embodiment of the application can be used for various different scenes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an internal cross-sectional structure of a conventional motor;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal cross-sectional structure of a motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a T-shaped cross section of a tooth of a stator of a motor cut along a radial direction of the stator according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a stator of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein a cross section of the stator is cut along a radial direction of the stator;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator winding with a T-shaped section cut along a radial direction of the stator by a tooth separator of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an internal cross-section structure of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application when two-phase electricity is supplied;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of magnetic simulation of an internal section of a motor provided in an embodiment of the present application when two-phase electricity is supplied;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic isolation slot provided by the stator of the motor according to the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a series connection of in-phase windings of a conventional motor;
fig. 10 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the parallel connection of the in-phase windings of the motor provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a winding on a stator of a motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 12 is a second schematic structural diagram of a winding wire on a stator of a motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of 3 winding teeth on a stator of a motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner rotor of the motor according to the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 15 is a graph of aerodynamic efficiency of a conventional motor and a motor according to an embodiment of the present application after the motor is applied to a cooling fan.
Reference numerals:
01-an inner stator; 011-teeth; 012-copper wire winding; 02-outer rotor; 021-pole; 1-a rotor; 11-pole magnets; 2-stator; 21-winding teeth; 22-separating teeth; 23-magnetism isolating groove; 24-mounting surface; 25-tooth flank; 3-winding.
Detailed Description
Currently, with the development of technology, the form and demand of devices, especially some electronic devices, are further improved. For example, some electronic devices may require a motor to be mounted to achieve some structural or morphological changes or heat dissipation requirements. The volume of the electronic device is smaller and smaller, so that the volume of the motor is required to be smaller and smaller, for example, a cooling fan of a notebook computer needs to be driven by the motor, a propeller of an unmanned aerial vehicle needs to be driven by the motor, a holder of security equipment such as a mounting camera needs to be driven by the motor, an impeller of a water pump needs to be driven by the motor, lifting cameras in some mobile phones need to be driven by the motor, and the like.
Motors are becoming smaller and smaller, but the power requirements for smaller motors are not reduced, and even greater motor power is required. In the prior art, the mode of increasing the motor power without increasing the volume of the motor is generally to increase the number of winding turns or the wire diameter of winding wires. Referring to fig. 1, taking a conventional structure of an external rotor motor as an example, 12 teeth 011 are uniformly spaced on an inner stator 01, each tooth 011 is wound with a copper wire winding 012, and an external rotor 02 has 10 poles 021. In order to increase the motor power without increasing the motor volume, the copper wire windings 012 on each inner stator 01 are wound more and more.
However, referring to fig. 1, since the winding slot area of the motor inner stator 01 is limited, if the number of winding turns of the copper wire winding 012 or the winding wire diameter of the copper wire winding 012 is increased, the interference between adjacent copper wire windings 012 and the slot filling rate are easily increased, and if the motor performance power density is further increased, the motor copper wire winding 012 generates heat, the heat loss and the copper loss are increased, and finally the motor efficiency is reduced. Therefore, how to increase the output power of the motor and improve the motor efficiency under the condition that the volume and the size of the motor are unchanged is an important problem to be solved by the motor.
The embodiment of the application provides electronic equipment, which can increase the output power of a motor and improve the motor efficiency on the premise of not increasing the volume size of the motor. The electronic device may be any electronic device capable of mounting a motor, for example, a cooling fan, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a cradle head, a water pump motor, a mobile phone, or the like.
The motor that sets up in electronic equipment that this application embodiment provided, concretely, refer to fig. 2, include:
a rotor 1, a plurality of pole magnets 11 being provided on the rotor 1;
the stator 2, the stator 2 and the rotor 1 are concentrically arranged, the rotor 1 can rotate relative to the stator 2, N winding teeth 21 are circumferentially arranged on one side of the stator 2 facing the rotor 1, each winding tooth 21 is used for winding one winding 3, a spacing tooth 22 is arranged between every two adjacent winding teeth 21, the spacing tooth 22 is used for establishing a magnetic bridge between the two adjacent windings 3, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 3.
According to the motor provided by the embodiment of the application, referring to fig. 2, since one spacing tooth 22 is arranged between every two adjacent winding teeth 21, when the winding 3 is wound on each winding tooth 21, the spacing teeth 22 are used for blocking the winding 3 on the two adjacent winding teeth 21, so that winding can be performed as required, and interference can not be worried about. In addition, the arrangement of the isolating teeth 22 enables the motor to form a magnetic bridge effect between two adjacent windings 3 when the motor is electrified and works, the isolating teeth 22 are equivalent to a magnetic circuit expressway between the two adjacent windings 3, so that the magnetic density can be improved, the utilization rate of electromagnetic energy is further improved, the output power of the motor can be increased on the premise that the size of the motor is not increased, and the motor efficiency is improved.
The winding teeth 21 need to be wound to form the windings 3, and therefore, the end of the winding teeth 21 near the rotor 1 is generally wide, forming a flange to block the windings 3. The spacer teeth 22 are only used for isolating the adjacent windings 3 and establishing a magnetic bridge, and no coil needs to be wound, so that the end of the spacer teeth 22 near the rotor 1 may or may not have a flange. In order to save space in the motor and reduce the amount of materials used and reduce the cost, referring to fig. 3 and 4, the arc length of the end face of the tooth 22 near the rotor 1 is smaller than that of the end face of the winding tooth 21 near the rotor 1.
The shape of the teeth 22 may be variously arranged, for example, the teeth 22 may be cut in a T-shape or I-shape in cross section along the radial direction of the stator 2. As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the cross section of the teeth 22 of the stator 2 cut along the radial direction of the stator 2 is a T-shaped structure schematic diagram; as shown in fig. 4, the cross section of the teeth 22 of the stator 2 cut along the radial direction of the stator 2 is an I-shaped structure schematic diagram.
The shape of the teeth 22 may be various, and other structures may be provided, for example, referring to fig. 2, the teeth 22 are provided with magnetic isolation grooves 23 along the radial direction of the stator 2. Owing to set up and separate the Magnetic groove 23, when winding 3 circular telegram, separate and can form the air Magnetic resistance in the Magnetic groove 23, block the Magnetic force and circulate here, and then change the Magnetic circuit direction for obtain magnetism gathering directivity effect along separating the both sides in Magnetic groove 23, promptly, separate the Magnetic groove 23 and can block the Magnetic circuit, the Magnetic circuit will be along the wire winding tooth 21 Magnetic bridge (Magnetic bridge) both sides in centre form closed loop (closed loop), improved Magnetic density, thereby furthest utilizes electromagnetic energy, under the prerequisite that does not increase motor volume size, can increase the output of motor, promote motor efficiency.
In a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the magnetism isolating slot 23 is opened from an end of the magnetism isolating tooth 22 close to the rotor toward an end far away from the rotor 1, and a side of the magnetism isolating slot 23 close to the rotor 1 is an opening, and a side far away from the rotor 1 is a bottom surface of the magnetism isolating slot 23. That is, the side of the magnetism isolating slot 23 facing the rotor 1 is open, the side of the magnetism isolating slot 23 away from the rotor 1 is the bottom surface of the magnetism isolating slot 23, that is, the magnetism isolating slot 23 separates the magnetism isolating teeth 22 on the side facing the rotor 1, the magnetism isolating teeth 22 are not cut off on the side facing the rotor 1, the magnetism isolating teeth 22 which are not cut off ensure that the whole stator 2 is a component rather than being manufactured separately, and the roundness consistency of the N winding teeth 21 and the N magnetism isolating teeth 22 of the stator 2 is ensured during manufacturing; when the winding 3 is electrified, the Magnetic saturation phenomenon is generated at the position, which is far away from the rotor 1, of the magnetism isolating slot 23, and the magnetism is blocked from flowing in the position, so that the Magnetic circuit direction is changed, and the magnetism gathering directivity effect is obtained along the two sides of the magnetism isolating slot 23, namely, the magnetism isolating slot 23 can block the Magnetic circuit, and the Magnetic circuit forms a closed loop (closed loop) along the two sides of a Magnetic bridge (Magnetic bridge) of the winding teeth 21 in the middle, so that compared with the stator 2 without the magnetism isolating slot 23, the Magnetic circuit density is doubled, and the Magnetic density is improved, so that the electromagnetic energy is utilized to the maximum extent, the output power of a motor can be increased, and the motor efficiency is improved on the premise that the volume size of the motor is not increased.
In order to clearly demonstrate the principle of improving the motor efficiency provided by the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 6 and 7, simulation of a magnetic circuit is performed when the motor of the embodiment of the present application is powered on, where fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram for pushing the motor to operate when the motor with three-phase windings 3 (three-phase power is respectively represented by U, V and W in the figure) is powered on with two-phase power (U-phase and V-phase); fig. 7 shows a simulation of the magnetic circuit of the motor when it is in operation. It is apparent that the motor stator 2 having the magnetism isolating grooves 23 isolates the magnetism at the magnetism isolating grooves 23 and changes the direction when in operation, and ensures that the end of the stator 2 facing the rotor 1 side is isolated, thereby obtaining the effect of dense magnetism and further improving the working efficiency of the motor.
It should be noted that the motor according to the embodiment of the present application may be any motor that can be applied to the stator 2 as the winding 3 and the rotor 1 as the pole magnet 11, and the structure of the brushless motor according to the embodiment of the present application is illustrated in fig. 2, which is merely an example, and the motor according to the present application is not limited to the brushless motor.
In addition, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 2 and 7, the magnetism isolating slot 23 cannot completely cut off the magnetism isolating tooth 22, the magnetism isolating principle of the magnetism isolating slot 23 is that the magnetism isolating effect is achieved by magnetic saturation at the connection part of the magnetism isolating tooth 22, and the incomplete cutting of the magnetism isolating tooth 22 can ensure that the stator 2 is an integral part, so that concentricity is ensured during production and manufacturing, and roundness is ensured. In addition, it is very important that the side of the magnetism isolating slot 23 facing the rotor 1 is the opening of the magnetism isolating slot 23, that is, the end of the magnetism isolating tooth 22 facing the pole magnet 11 of the rotor 1 is cut off, so that multiple paths of magnetic circuits can be ensured to be separated on the side facing the pole magnet 11 of the rotor 1, the magnetic force density is increased, and the motor efficiency is improved.
In the conventional solution, in order to obtain larger electric energy, each slot is generally fully utilized for winding, that is, referring to fig. 1, each tooth 011 of the inner stator 01 is wound, and there is no other structure between each tooth 011. However, the space available for winding wires in this type of solution is limited, and it is difficult to manufacture the wire with a large number of wires wound in the slot, and it is difficult to manufacture the wire with a slot filling rate of 75% in general. In the motor solution according to the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 2 and 5, each winding tooth 21 is provided with a tooth separating 22, which is equivalent to every other tooth, and then winding is performed, which may be referred to as a method of "tooth separating winding", and compared with the conventional method in which each tooth 011 of the conventional solution is wound, the method of "tooth separating winding" can effectively avoid mutual interference of windings 3 between adjacent teeth 011, and reduce difficulty in manufacturing in the process. After actual production operation verification is carried out on the winding of the traditional scheme and the mode of 'tooth-separated winding', the inner stator 01 with 12 grooves of the traditional scheme is found, the winding wire diameter of each tooth 011 is 0.55 mm, the number of turns of the winding wire is 20, and finally, the groove full rate reaches 75%; in the motor of the embodiment of the application, the wire winding diameter of each wire winding tooth 21 is 0.7 mm, the number of turns of the wire winding is 16, and the slot full rate is only 50%.
Referring to fig. 2, 7 and 8, the side of the stator 2 away from the rotor 1 is a mounting surface 24, and adjacent winding teeth 21 and spacing teeth 22 are connected by a tooth root surface 25. The magnetic saturation phenomenon at the magnetism isolating teeth 22 is just like water flow, magnetic force can be transmitted along the magnetism isolating teeth 22 (similar to water flow), the distance between one side of the magnetism isolating grooves 23 far away from the rotor 1 and the installation surface 24 is the distance that the magnetic force can be transmitted to a passage (similar to a channel of flowable water) at the other side of the magnetism isolating grooves 23, when the passage is occupied by the magnetic force flowing in the passage, other magnetic force can not pass through the passage, and further other magnetic force can be respectively gathered at the two sides of the magnetism isolating grooves 23 in a directional manner, so that the magnetic force density is improved. Therefore, in the opening of the magnetism isolating grooves 23, the deeper the magnetism isolating grooves 23 are opened (i.e., the closer the magnetism isolating grooves 23 are to the mounting surface 24 to the side away from the rotor 1), the easier the magnetic saturation phenomenon is satisfied, and the more the effect of improving the magnetic density is apparent.
In order to ensure that, when the winding 3 is energized, magnetic saturation occurs at the position where the magnetism isolating grooves 23 are not cut off from the teeth 22 on the side away from the rotor 1, and at the same time, the manufacture is facilitated, referring to fig. 2, 7 and 8, the side of the magnetism isolating grooves 23 away from the rotor 1 is opened between the mounting surface 24 and the tooth root surface 25. In this way, the path of the magnetic force propagating from the winding teeth 21 is inevitably larger than the path between the side of the magnetism isolating slot 23 away from the rotor 1 and the mounting surface 24, and a part of the magnetic force cannot pass through the path between the side of the magnetism isolating slot 23 away from the rotor 1 and the mounting surface 24, so that the magnetic circuit blocking effect of the magnetism isolating slot 23 can be ensured. In addition, when the magnetism isolating groove 23 is formed, the mounting surface 24 and the tooth root surface 25 can be used as reference auxiliary lines for forming the magnetism isolating groove 23, and one side of the magnetism isolating groove 23 away from the rotor 1 is formed between the mounting surface 24 and the tooth root surface 25, so that the process manufacturing is facilitated.
Through multiple calculation and experimental verification, referring to fig. 2, 7 and 8, the distance between the side of the magnetism isolating slot 23 far away from the rotor 1 and the mounting surface 24 can be 0.2 mm-0.5 mm, so as to ensure the magnetic saturation effect and improve the motor efficiency. Wherein, the distance between the side of the magnetism isolating slot 23 away from the rotor and the mounting surface 24 can be 0.2 mm, 0.35 mm or 0.5 mm.
The magnetism isolating slot 23 can isolate and block the magnetism on two sides of the magnetism isolating slot so as to change the direction of a magnetic circuit, improve the magnetic density and increase the efficiency of a motor. In order to ensure that the magnetism isolating slot 23 can distribute the magnetism on both sides as evenly as possible, referring to fig. 2 and 8, the magnetism isolating slot 23 may be formed in the middle of the magnetism isolating tooth 22, so that the magnetism isolating tooth 22 is divided into two symmetrical parts. In addition, the magnetism isolating groove 23 positioned in the middle of the magnetism isolating tooth 22 makes the two separated parts of the magnetism isolating tooth 22 symmetrical, is convenient for layout and has stable structural strength.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 and 8, the magnetically isolated slot 23 may be a bar slot. The shape of the magnetism isolating slot 23 may be various as long as the magnetism of both sides thereof can be isolated and blocked to change the direction of the magnetic circuit. The bar-shaped magnetism isolating groove 23 is easy to set and convenient to manufacture according to the shape of the magnetism isolating tooth 22.
The connection mode of each winding 3 of the motor stator 2 is two modes of series connection and parallel connection. The series connection is shown in fig. 9, and the resistance value of each phase is the superposition of the resistances of the respective windings 3, specifically, the single resistance value multiplied by the number of all windings 3 in each phase, and the parallel connection is shown in fig. 10, and the resistance value of each phase is the decrease of the resistance of the respective windings 3, specifically, the single resistance value divided by the number of all windings 3 in each phase. Thus, in some implementations of the motor of the embodiments of the present application, referring to fig. 10, 11 and 12, of the N windings 3 provided on the N winding teeth 21, the windings 3 of the same phase electricity are connected in parallel with each other. Compared with a series winding mode, the parallel winding mode has the advantages that the equivalent resistance value of each phase of winding 3 is greatly reduced, the copper loss of the winding 3 is further reduced, and the efficiency of the motor can be further improved.
It should be noted that, in the motor according to the embodiment of the present application, the windings 3 connected to the same phase may be series windings, or may be parallel windings, and the specific winding selection may be selected according to the actual situation. Wherein, the scheme of parallelly connected wire winding combines with the scheme that all is equipped with between every adjacent two wire winding teeth 21 separates tooth 22, promotes the effect better to the efficiency of motor. If no spacer teeth 22 are arranged, i.e. no other structural barriers exist between the adjacent winding teeth 21, and single-tooth parallel winding of the single-pitch fractional slot motor is adopted, the single winding can be realized only by reducing the wire diameter of the single-stage winding 3, but the smaller wire diameter of the coil can bring the current area of the winding 3 to be smaller, so that the resistance value of the motor coil is increased, the heating and copper loss of the motor winding 3 are increased, the motor efficiency is reduced, and the loss is avoided. The winding mode of the motor provided by the embodiment of the application is matched with parallel winding, interference between adjacent windings 3 is not required, the wire diameter of the coil can be increased, and the resistance of the motor coil is further reduced, namely copper loss of the motor during operation is reduced. That is, when the teeth 22 are provided and the magnetic isolation grooves 23 are provided in the teeth 22, the windings 3 of each phase may be wound in series or in parallel, and the motor efficiency by the parallel winding method is higher than that by the series winding method.
The N wire-wound teeth 21 are each wound with the winding 3, that is, N windings 3. In operation of the motor, it is generally necessary to electrically connect different windings 3 on the stator 2 in a plurality of phases to generate magnetic forces which interact magnetically with the pole magnets 11 of the rotor 1 to rotate the rotor 1. The stator 2 has three phase electricity which are normally connected, so that in order to ensure that the winding 3 can be connected with three groups of phase electricity, N is an integer multiple of 3, namely, the winding 3 can be 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and the like, and the N windings 3 can be divided into three groups of combinations connected with different phase electricity.
For example, when N is 3, as shown in fig. 13, the stator 2 has 3 winding teeth 21, the number of windings 3 is 3, and the 3 windings 3 are connected to different phase electricity in a one-to-one correspondence. The motor corresponding to the stator 2 of the 3 windings 3 has simple structure and convenient manufacture, and the winding space for each winding 3 is relatively larger under the condition of the same outer diameter of the motor stator 2. However, in the use process of the motor with 3 windings 3, since the 3 windings 3 are connected to different phase electricity, each winding 3 can only be on one side of the stator 2, and thus, there may be a problem that the magnetic force on the outer side of the stator 2 is unbalanced after the current is applied.
When the number of the winding teeth 21 is a multiple of 3, a plurality of windings 3 of each phase of electricity are distributed at different positions of the stator 2, so that the magnetic force of the outer side of the stator 2 is balanced. As shown in fig. 2 and 8, N is 6,6 winding teeth 21 are arranged at even intervals, each winding tooth 21 has another winding tooth 21 symmetrical to its center, and any winding tooth 21 and the winding 3 of another winding tooth 21 symmetrical to its center are connected to the same phase electricity. Taking the stator 2 with 6 winding teeth 21 as an example, 6 winding teeth 21 are uniformly arranged at intervals, so that each winding tooth 21 is provided with another winding tooth 21 which is symmetrical with the center of the winding tooth, and the windings 3 on two winding teeth 21 which are symmetrical with each other in pairs can be connected with in-phase electricity, so that the magnetic force on two sides of the stator 2 is balanced after the stator is electrified, and the motor efficiency is higher.
Note that, when N is 6,6 winding teeth 21 are uniformly spaced, each winding tooth 21 is spaced 60 degrees apart. In the scheme with N being 6, the winding and parallel winding modes of the corresponding 6 windings 3 may be: 6 windings 3 are formed by winding on 6 winding teeth 21, the wire inlet ends of the 6 windings 3 are connected in pairs to form a phase, the wire outlet ends are connected together to form a common end, wherein three wire inlet ends are respectively connected into one phase of electricity, and the windings 3 which are two by two and are one phase are symmetrical relative to the center of the stator 2.
The motor of the embodiment of the application can be an outer rotor motor or an inner rotor motor. In which, referring to fig. 2, the rotor 1 has a ring structure, and the stator 2 is located inside the rotor 1. Inner rotor motor referring to fig. 14, the stator 2 is of an annular structure, and the rotor 1 is located inside the stator 2.
It should be noted that, the motor of this application embodiment can be installed in the electronic equipment that needs the motor, and this electronic equipment can be radiator fan, unmanned aerial vehicle, cloud platform, water pump motor or cell-phone etc. wherein, radiator fan and water pump motor all have fan blade structure, and fan blade structure is better can adopt the structural style of external rotor motor.
In the motor of the embodiment of the application, 3 windings 3 on the stator 2 can be 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, etc., and 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, etc. pole magnets 11 on the rotor 1 can be provided, referring to fig. 2, in the scheme of the external rotor motor, the stator 2 has 6 winding teeth 21 and 6 spacing teeth 22, and the rotor 1 has 10 pole magnets 11; referring to fig. 14, in the case of the inner rotor 1 motor, the stator 2 has 6 winding teeth 21 and 6 spacer teeth 22, and the rotor 1 has 14 pole magnets 11.
In order to prevent the heat generated by the winding 3 during operation from affecting other positions of the motor, the outer part of the stator 2 is sleeved with an insulating framework, so that the outer part of the stator 2 of the motor can be sleeved with the insulating framework, and then the winding 3 is formed by winding on the insulating framework. The insulating framework has good heat resistance, can play a flame-retardant effect, and ensures the normal operation of the motor.
Specific experiments are carried out on the traditional motor and the motor in the embodiment of the application, and various data of the two motors during working are measured, and the fact that the resistance of the motor in the embodiment of the application is greatly reduced, copper loss is reduced, and the temperature of the winding 3 is greatly improved under the condition that basic parameters such as output power, torque and the like are unchanged is found. The specific data are compared as shown in the following table.
List one
Based on the resistance values measured in the table, the copper losses of the conventional motor and the motor according to the embodiments of the present application can be calculated, specifically as follows:
P 1 ＝I 2 R 1 ＝7.012×7.012×0.194＝9.54W；
P 2 ＝I 2 R 2 ＝6.19×6.19×0.08＝3.07W；
ΔP＝P 1 -P 2 ＝9.54-3.07＝6.47W；
wherein I is current, R 1 Winding 3 resistance, P of conventional motor 1 Is copper loss of the traditional motor, R 2 Winding 3 resistance, P for the motor of the embodiment of the application 2 For the copper loss of the motor in the embodiment of the application, Δp is a copper loss difference value, and furthermore, compared with the winding 3 copper loss of the traditional motor, the copper loss of the motor in the embodiment of the application is reduced by 67.8%.
In addition, in table one, the temperature of the motor winding 3 in the embodiment of the present application is stabilized at 60 degrees celsius, and compared with the temperature of the traditional motor winding 3 at 93 degrees celsius, the temperature of the motor winding 3 is greatly improved, and the fact that copper loss is greatly reduced is also verified, and the lower temperature is more beneficial to the operation of the motor, and the winding 3 is not burnt out.
Further, both the conventional motor and the motor according to the embodiment of the present application are applied to a cooling fan (standard fan blade frame), as shown in fig. 15, where a is a curve of the conventional motor applied to the cooling fan, and b is a curve of the motor according to the embodiment of the present application applied to the cooling fan. It can be seen that, compared with the traditional motor applied to the cooling fan, the motor provided by the embodiment of the application is applied to the cooling fan, the air quantity is improved by about 20%, and the static pressure efficiency is improved by about 3%.
In the description of the present specification, a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting thereof; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (14)
1. An electric machine, comprising:
a rotor provided with a plurality of pole magnets;
the stator is arranged concentrically with the rotor, the rotor can rotate relative to the stator, N winding teeth are circumferentially distributed on one side of the stator facing the rotor, each winding tooth is used for winding one winding, a spacing tooth is arranged between every two adjacent winding teeth, the spacing tooth is used for establishing a magnetic bridge between the two adjacent windings, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 3;
a magnetism isolating groove is formed in the magnetism isolating tooth along the radial direction of the stator; the magnetic isolation groove is formed in the way that one end, close to the rotor, of the magnetic isolation tooth faces towards one end, far away from the rotor, of the magnetic isolation groove, one side, close to the rotor, of the magnetic isolation groove is an opening, and one side, far away from the rotor, of the magnetic isolation groove is the bottom surface of the magnetic isolation groove;
wherein, one side of the stator far away from the rotor is a mounting surface; the bottom surface of the magnetism isolating slot is located between the mounting surface and the rotor along the radial direction of the stator.
2. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the arc length of the tooth adjacent one end face of the rotor is less than the arc length of the wire winding tooth adjacent one end face of the rotor.
3. An electric machine as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cross-section of the teeth cut in the radial direction of the stator is T-shaped or I-shaped.
4. The motor of claim 1 wherein adjacent ones of said wire winding teeth and said magnetism isolating teeth are joined by a tooth root surface, a side of said magnetism isolating slot remote from said rotor opening between said mounting surface and said tooth root surface.
5. The motor of claim 4, wherein a distance between a side of the magnetic shield away from the rotor and the mounting surface is 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.
6. The motor of claim 4 or 5, wherein the magnetism isolating slot is located at a middle portion of the magnetism isolating tooth to divide the magnetism isolating tooth into two symmetrical parts.
7. The electric machine of claim 4 or 5, wherein the magnetically isolated slots are bar slots.
8. An electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein among the N windings provided on the N winding teeth, windings connected in parallel between the windings of the same phase are connected.
9. An electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that N is an integer multiple of 3.
10. An electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein N is 6,6 said winding teeth are arranged at regular intervals, each of said winding teeth having another said winding tooth symmetrical about its center, and said windings on either said winding tooth and the other said winding tooth symmetrical about its center are connected to in-phase electricity.
11. An electric machine as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotor is of annular construction and the stator is located inside the rotor.
12. An electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stator is of annular configuration and the rotor is located inside the stator.
13. An electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the stator is externally sleeved with an insulating former, on which the windings are wound.
14. An electronic device comprising the motor of any one of claims 1-13.
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| CN101697431A (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2010-04-21 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multi-gear fault-tolerance permanent magnetism magnetic flux switching electric machine and fault-tolerance method thereof |
| CN105811696A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-07-27 | 大连名阳实业有限公司 | Hybrid excitation type composite magnetic flux switching permanent-magnet motor |
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| NL151580B (en) * | 1968-10-31 | 1976-11-15 | Sev Alternateurs | SYNCHRONOUS INDUCTOR MACHINE. |
| DE19518286A1 (en) * | 1995-05-18 | 1996-11-21 | Geiger Gerhard Gmbh & Co | Lamination plate for electrodynamic machine magnetic circuit |
| JPH11234990A (en) * | 1998-02-12 | 1999-08-27 | Okuma Corp | Permanent magnet motor |
| JP2002064949A (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-28 | Aichi Emerson Electric Co Ltd | Motor |
| DE10248771A1 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2004-04-29 | Siemens Ag | Permanently excited synchronous machine |
| CN101764492A (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2010-06-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | Composite excitation partitioned stator and rotor switched reluctance motor |
| CN202513795U (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2012-10-31 | 东南大学 | Half-tooth winding switched reluctance motor |
| CN104242495A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2014-12-24 | 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 | Motor stator and motor with motor stator |
| CN204741349U (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-11-04 | 温岭市宇海机电有限公司 | Split combined type motor stator |
| CN206878667U (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2018-01-12 | 浙江大学 | A kind of five mutually fault-tolerant direct current generators of 270V high power densities |
| CN108809023B (en) * | 2018-06-30 | 2020-04-24 | 淮阴工学院 | Disc type three-degree-of-freedom magnetic suspension switched reluctance motor |
| CN110797993A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-14 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Stator yoke segmented block type motor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101697431A (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2010-04-21 | 南京航空航天大学 | Multi-gear fault-tolerance permanent magnetism magnetic flux switching electric machine and fault-tolerance method thereof |
| CN105811696A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-07-27 | 大连名阳实业有限公司 | Hybrid excitation type composite magnetic flux switching permanent-magnet motor |
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