CN113595267A - Motor and equipment - Google Patents
Motor and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113595267A CN113595267A CN202010367997.XA CN202010367997A CN113595267A CN 113595267 A CN113595267 A CN 113595267A CN 202010367997 A CN202010367997 A CN 202010367997A CN 113595267 A CN113595267 A CN 113595267A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/145—Stator cores with salient poles having an annular coil, e.g. of the claw-pole type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
- H02K3/34—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
- H02K3/34—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
- H02K3/345—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
- H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
- H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
- H02K3/521—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only
- H02K3/525—Annular coils, e.g. for cores of the claw-pole type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
本申请实施例提供一种电机及设备，涉及电机技术领域，在不增加电机体积尺寸的前提下，能够增大电机的输出功率，提升电机效率。该电机包括：转子，转子上设有多个极磁体；定子，定子与转子同心设置，转子可相对于定子旋转，定子朝向转子的一侧边缘周向排布有N个绕线齿，每个绕线齿用于缠绕一个绕组，每相邻的两个绕线齿之间均设有一个隔齿，隔齿用于在相邻的两个绕组之间建立磁桥，其中，N为大于或等于3的整数。本申请实施例提供的电机可用于实现电能转换或传递成旋转做功。
Embodiments of the present application provide a motor and equipment, which relate to the technical field of motors, and can increase the output power of the motor and improve the efficiency of the motor without increasing the size of the motor. The motor includes: a rotor, on which a plurality of pole magnets are arranged; a stator, where the stator and the rotor are arranged concentrically, the rotor can rotate relative to the stator, and N winding teeth are circumferentially arranged on one side edge of the stator facing the rotor, each The winding teeth are used to wind one winding, and there is a spacer tooth between each adjacent two winding teeth, and the spacer tooth is used to establish a magnetic bridge between the two adjacent windings, where N is greater than or An integer equal to 3. The motors provided in the embodiments of the present application can be used to convert electrical energy or transfer it into rotational work.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a motor and equipment.
Background
The motor is an electromagnetic device which realizes the conversion or transmission of electric energy into rotary work through the law of electromagnetic induction between a stator and a rotor. With the development of technology, the specification parameters of the motor also present a variety, for example, the motor has a smaller volume, and under the limited volume, the power of the motor needs to be increased, which puts higher requirements on the production design of the motor.
Referring to fig. 1, taking the structure of a conventional external rotor motor as an example, 12 teeth 011 are uniformly spaced on an inner stator 01, each tooth 011 is wound with a copper wire winding 012, and an external rotor 02 has 10 poles 021. To increase the motor power, the copper wire windings 012 on each inner stator 01 are wound more and more. Therefore, the electrical load and power density of the motor will increase, and the adjacent copper wire windings 012 may interfere with each other, which may cause the copper wire windings 012 to gather and generate heat, thereby further increasing the thermal load and loss of the motor, and lowering the overall efficiency of the motor.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a motor and equipment, under the prerequisite that does not increase motor size, can increase the output of motor, promotes motor efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present application adopts the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electric machine, including:
the rotor is provided with a plurality of polar magnets;
the stator and the rotor are arranged concentrically, the rotor can rotate relative to the stator, N winding teeth are circumferentially arranged on one side of the stator facing the rotor, each winding tooth is used for winding one winding, a separating tooth is arranged between every two adjacent winding teeth, the separating tooth is used for establishing a magnetic bridge between the two adjacent windings, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 3.
The motor that this application embodiment provided because all be equipped with one between every two adjacent winding teeth and separate the tooth, like this, when all twine the winding on every winding tooth, have between the winding on two adjacent winding teeth to separate the tooth separation. On one hand, the two adjacent windings are blocked by the separating teeth, so that interference is avoided, and the winding can be flexibly performed as required; on the other hand, the arrangement of the separating teeth enables the motor to form a magnetic bridge effect between two adjacent windings when the motor works in a power-on mode, the separating teeth are equivalent to a magnetic circuit highway between two adjacent windings, the magnetic density can be improved, the utilization rate of electromagnetic energy is further improved, the output power of the motor can be increased on the premise that the size of the motor is not increased, and the motor efficiency is improved.
In a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an arc length of an end surface of the spacer teeth, which is close to the rotor, is smaller than an arc length of an end surface of the winding teeth, which is close to the rotor. The winding teeth require a winding, and therefore the end of the winding teeth near the rotor is generally wider, forming a flange to block the winding. The separating teeth are only used for separating adjacent windings and establishing a magnetic bridge, and coils do not need to be wound, so that one end of each separating tooth, which is close to the rotor, can be provided with or without a flange, in order to save space in a motor, reduce material usage and reduce cost, and the arc length of the end face of one end, which is close to the rotor, of each separating tooth is smaller than that of the end face of one end, which is close to the rotor, of each winding tooth.
In a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a cross section of the separating tooth cut along the radial direction of the stator is T-shaped or I-shaped. The shape of the spacing teeth can be arranged in various ways, for example, the cross section of the spacing teeth cut along the radial direction of the stator can be T-shaped or I-shaped.
In a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the magnetic isolation teeth are provided with magnetic isolation grooves along the radial direction of the stator. Owing to set up the magnetism-isolating groove, when the winding circular telegram, can form air Magnetic resistance in the magnetism-isolating groove, block Magnetic force and circulate here, and then change the Magnetic circuit direction, make the both sides along the magnetism-isolating groove obtain magnetism and gather directive property effect, namely, the magnetism-isolating groove can block the Magnetic circuit, the Magnetic circuit will form closed loop (closed loop) along middle wire winding tooth Magnetic bridge (Magnetic bridge) both sides, the Magnetic force density has been improved, thereby furthest utilizes the electromagnetic energy, under the prerequisite that does not increase motor volume size, can increase the output of motor, promote motor efficiency.
In a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the magnetism isolating groove is formed by one end, close to the rotor, of the magnetism isolating tooth towards one end, far away from the rotor, and one side, close to the rotor, of the magnetism isolating groove is an opening, and one side, far away from the rotor, of the magnetism isolating groove is a bottom surface of the magnetism isolating groove. That is, the side of the magnetism isolating groove facing the rotor is provided with an opening, and the side of the magnetism isolating groove far away from the rotor is provided with the bottom surface of the magnetism isolating groove, namely, the magnetism isolating groove cuts the magnetism isolating teeth at the side facing the rotor, the magnetism isolating teeth are not cut at the side far away from the rotor, and the magnetism isolating teeth are not cut, so that the whole stator is ensured to be a component, the stator is not manufactured separately, and the roundness consistency of the N winding teeth and the N magnetism isolating teeth of the stator is ensured during the manufacturing process; and, when the winding circular telegram, the position that one side of keeping away from the rotor at the magnetism isolating groove will not separate the tooth and cut off can produce the Magnetic saturation phenomenon, and then block Magnetic force and circulate here, and then change the Magnetic circuit direction, obtain the Magnetic concentration directive property effect along the both sides of magnetism isolating groove, namely, the Magnetic circuit can be blocked to the magnetism isolating groove, the Magnetic circuit will form closed loop (closed loop) along middle wire winding tooth Magnetic bridge (Magnetic bridge) both sides, the Magnetic force density has been improved, thereby furthest utilizes the electromagnetic energy, under the prerequisite that does not increase motor volume size, can increase the output of motor, promote motor efficiency.
In a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a side of the stator away from the rotor is a mounting surface, adjacent winding teeth and adjacent separating teeth are connected by a tooth root surface, and a side of the magnetism isolating groove away from the rotor is opened between the mounting surface and the tooth root surface. In order to ensure that when the winding is electrified, a magnetic saturation phenomenon is generated at a position where the magnetic isolation teeth are not cut off on one side of the magnetic isolation groove far away from the rotor, the magnetic saturation phenomenon is just like water flow, magnetic force can propagate along the magnetic isolation teeth (similar to water flow), the distance between one side of the magnetic isolation groove far away from the rotor and the mounting surface is a passage (similar to a water channel capable of flowing water) through which the magnetic force can propagate to the other side of the magnetic isolation groove, when the passage is fully occupied by the magnetic force flow in the passage, other magnetic force cannot pass through the passage, and then the magnetic force can be directionally gathered on two sides of the magnetic isolation groove respectively, so that the magnetic force density is improved. Therefore, in the opening of the magnetism isolating groove, the deeper the magnetism isolating groove is opened (i.e., the closer the side of the magnetism isolating groove far from the rotor is to the mounting surface), the easier the magnetic saturation phenomenon is satisfied, and the more remarkable the effect of the improved magnetic density is. In order to facilitate manufacturing, one side of the magnetism isolating groove far away from the rotor can be arranged between the mounting surface and the tooth root surface, so that a passage of magnetic force transmitted from the winding tooth is inevitably larger than a passage between one side of the magnetism isolating groove far away from the rotor and the mounting surface, and then a part of magnetic force cannot pass through the passage between one side of the magnetism isolating groove far away from the rotor and the mounting surface, and the effect of blocking a magnetic circuit of the magnetism isolating groove can be ensured.
In a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a side of the magnetism isolating groove away from the rotor is 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm away from the mounting surface. Through multiple calculations and experimental verification, the distance between one side of the magnetism isolating groove far away from the rotor and the mounting surface can be 0.2-0.5 mm, so that the magnetic saturation effect at the position is ensured, and the motor efficiency is improved. The distance between one side of the magnetism isolating groove far away from the rotor and the mounting surface can be 0.2 mm, 0.35 mm or 0.5 mm.
In a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the magnetism isolating groove is located in the middle of the isolating tooth so as to divide the isolating tooth into two symmetrical parts. The magnetic isolation grooves can isolate and block the magnetic force on two sides of the magnetic isolation grooves so as to change the direction of a magnetic circuit, improve the magnetic density and increase the efficiency of the motor. In order to ensure that the magnetism isolating groove can distribute the magnetic force on the two sides of the magnetism isolating groove uniformly as much as possible, the magnetism isolating groove can be arranged in the middle of the magnetism isolating tooth, so that the magnetism isolating tooth is divided into two symmetrical parts. In addition, the magnetism isolating groove in the middle of the isolating tooth enables the two separated parts of the isolating tooth to be symmetrical, layout is convenient, and structural strength is stable.
In an eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the magnetism isolating groove is a strip-shaped groove. The shape of the magnetism isolating groove can be various, as long as the magnetic force on the two sides of the magnetism isolating groove can be isolated and blocked so as to change the direction of the magnetic circuit. According to the shape of the magnetic isolation teeth, the strip-shaped magnetic isolation grooves are easy to set and convenient to process and manufacture.
In a ninth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, of the N windings provided on the N winding teeth, the windings of the same phase are connected in parallel. The connection modes of all windings of the motor stator are in series connection and parallel connection. Under the condition that the isolation teeth are arranged and the magnetic isolation grooves are arranged on the isolation teeth, series winding or parallel winding can be arranged among the windings of each phase, and the specific winding selection can be selected according to the actual situation. In the series mode, the resistance value of each phase is the superposition of the resistances of the individual windings, in particular the single resistance value multiplied by the number of all windings in each phase, while in the parallel mode, the resistance value of each phase is the reduction of the resistances of the individual windings, in particular the single resistance value divided by the number of all windings in each phase. Therefore, compared with a series winding mode, the parallel winding mode has the advantages that the equivalent resistance value of each phase of winding is greatly reduced, the copper loss of the winding is greatly reduced, and the efficiency of the motor can be improved.
In a tenth possible implementation form of the first aspect, N is an integer multiple of 3. The N winding teeth are all wound with windings, i.e., N windings are also provided. When the motor works, different phases of electricity are generally needed to be switched on different windings of the stator so as to generate magnetic force, and the magnetic force interacts with the magnetic pole of the rotor so as to rotate the rotor. And the number of the phase electricity which is normally accessed in the stator is three, so that in order to ensure that the winding can be accessed to three groups of phase electricity, N is an integral multiple of 3, namely, the number of the winding can be 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and the like, and further, the N windings can be equally divided into three groups which are accessed to different phase electricity combinations.
In an eleventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, N may be 3, that is, the stator has 3 winding teeth, the windings are 3, and the 3 windings are connected to different phase currents in a one-to-one correspondence. The motor corresponding to the stator with 3 windings has a simple structure, is convenient to manufacture, and has relatively large winding space for each winding under the condition of the same outer diameter of the motor stator. However, in the use process of the motor with 3 windings, because the 3 windings are connected with different phases of electricity, each winding can only be arranged on one side of the stator, and thus, the problem of unbalanced magnetic force on two sides of the stator can be caused after the motor is electrified.
In a twelfth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, N is 6, and 6 winding teeth are uniformly spaced, each winding tooth has another winding tooth symmetrical to the center of the winding tooth, and the winding of any winding tooth and the winding of another winding tooth symmetrical to the center of the winding tooth are connected to the same phase. Taking the stator of 6 winding teeth as an example, 6 winding teeth are evenly arranged at intervals, thus, each winding tooth is provided with another winding tooth which is symmetrical with the center of the winding tooth, and the windings on the two winding teeth which are mutually symmetrical with each other at the center can be connected into the same phase of electricity, thus, the magnetic force on the two sides of the stator is balanced after the electricity is switched on, and the motor efficiency is higher.
In a thirteenth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the motor may be an outer rotor motor, that is, the rotor has an annular structure, and the stator is located inside the rotor.
In a fourteenth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the motor may be an inner rotor motor, that is, the stator has a ring structure, and the rotor is located inside the stator.
In a fifteenth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an insulating framework is sleeved outside the stator, and the winding is wound on the insulating framework. In order to prevent the heat generated by the winding during working from influencing other positions of the motor, an insulating framework is sleeved outside a stator of the common motor, and then the winding is wound on the insulating framework. The insulating framework has good heat resistance, can play a role in flame retardance, and ensures the normal operation of the motor.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an apparatus, including the electric machine of any one of the first aspects.
The equipment of this application embodiment, owing to included the motor of any one in the first aspect, consequently, has same technological effect, promptly, under the prerequisite that does not increase motor size, can increase the output of motor, promotes motor efficiency.
In a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the device is any one of a cooling fan, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a cradle head, a water pump motor and a mobile phone. The motor of the embodiment of the application can be used for various different scenes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an internal sectional structure of a conventional motor;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an internal cross section of a motor provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a stator of an electric machine provided in an embodiment of the present application, in which a cross section of a tooth of a stator is T-shaped and cut along a radial direction of the stator;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator of an electric machine provided in an embodiment of the present application, in which spaced teeth of the stator are cut along a radial direction of the stator and have an I-shaped cross section;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator winding with a T-shaped cross section, in which a stator winding is cut along a radial direction of a stator, of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an internal cross section of a motor provided in an embodiment of the present application when two-phase power is applied;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of magnetic force simulation of an internal cross section of a motor provided in an embodiment of the present application when two-phase current is applied;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator of a motor provided in an embodiment of the present application, where a magnetic isolation groove is provided in a magnetic isolation tooth;
FIG. 9 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a series connection of in-phase windings of a conventional motor;
fig. 10 is an equivalent circuit diagram of parallel connection of in-phase windings of a motor provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is one of schematic structural diagrams of winding windings on a stator of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is a second schematic structural diagram of a winding wire on a stator of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator of a motor provided in an embodiment of the present application, where the number of winding teeth is 3;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner rotor of a motor provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 15 is a pneumatic efficiency curve diagram of a conventional motor and a motor provided in the embodiment of the present application after being applied to a heat dissipation fan.
Reference numerals:
01-an inner stator; 011-teeth; 012-copper wire winding; 02-outer rotor; 021-pole; 1-a rotor; 11-pole magnets; 2-a stator; 21-winding teeth; 22-separating teeth; 23-a magnetism isolating groove; 24-a mounting surface; 25-tooth root surface; and 3-winding.
Detailed Description
At present, with the development of science and technology, the form and demand of devices are further improved, especially some electronic and electrical devices. For example, some devices may require a motor to be installed to effect some structural or morphological change or heat dissipation. And the volume of equipment is littleer and littleer, and this volume that requires the motor is also littleer and littleer, for example, notebook computer's radiator fan needs motor drive, and unmanned aerial vehicle's screw needs motor drive, the cloud platform of security protection equipment such as installation camera needs motor drive, the impeller of water pump needs motor drive, the lift camera in some cell-phones needs motor drive etc..
The volume of the motor is smaller and smaller, but the power requirement of the motor with smaller volume is not reduced, and even the power of the motor is required to be larger. In the prior art, the method for improving the power of the motor without increasing the volume of the motor is generally to increase the number of winding turns or the diameter of the winding. Referring to fig. 1, taking the structure of a conventional external rotor motor as an example, 12 teeth 011 are uniformly spaced on an inner stator 01, each tooth 011 is wound with a copper wire winding 012, and an external rotor 02 has 10 poles 021. In order to increase the power of the motor without increasing the volume of the motor, the copper wire winding 012 on each inner stator 01 is wound more and more.
However, referring to fig. 1, since the area of the winding slot of the motor inner stator 01 is limited, if the number of winding turns of the copper wire windings 012 or the diameter of the winding wire of the copper wire windings 012 is increased, the problem of interference between adjacent copper wire windings 012 and an excessively high slot fill ratio is easily caused, and if the motor performance power density is further improved, the motor copper wire windings 012 generate heat, the heat loss and the copper loss are increased, and finally the motor efficiency is reduced. Therefore, how to increase the output power of the motor and improve the efficiency of the motor under the condition that the volume size of the motor is not changed is the problem to be solved in the application.
The embodiment of the application provides a device, can increase the output of motor under the prerequisite that does not increase motor size, promotes motor efficiency. Wherein, equipment can be any equipment that can install the motor, for example, radiator fan, unmanned aerial vehicle, cloud platform, water pump motor or cell-phone etc..
The motor that sets up in the equipment that this application embodiment provided, it is specific, refer to fig. 2, include:
a rotor 1, wherein a plurality of polar magnets 11 are arranged on the rotor 1;
the stator 2 and the stator 2 are arranged concentrically with the rotor 1, the rotor 1 can rotate relative to the stator 2, one side of the stator 2 facing the rotor 1 is circumferentially provided with N winding teeth 21, each winding tooth 21 is used for winding one winding 3, a separating tooth 22 is arranged between every two adjacent winding teeth 21, and the separating tooth 22 is used for establishing a magnetic bridge between every two adjacent windings 3, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3.
According to the motor provided by the embodiment of the application, referring to fig. 2, since one separating tooth 22 is arranged between every two adjacent winding teeth 21, when each winding tooth 21 is wound with a winding 3, the separating tooth 22 separates the winding 3 on the two adjacent winding teeth 21, so that the winding can be performed as required without worrying about interference. In addition, the arrangement of the separating teeth 22 enables the motor to form a magnetic bridge effect between two adjacent windings 3 when the motor works in a power-on mode, the separating teeth 22 are equivalent to a magnetic circuit highway between two adjacent windings 3, the magnetic density can be improved, the utilization rate of electromagnetic energy is further improved, the output power of the motor can be increased on the premise that the size of the motor is not increased, and the efficiency of the motor is improved.
The winding teeth 21 require winding to form the windings 3, and therefore the end of the winding teeth 21 near the rotor 1 is generally wider, forming a flange, to block the windings 3. The teeth 22 are only used for isolating adjacent windings 3 and establishing magnetic bridges, and no coil needs to be wound, so that one end of the teeth 22 close to the rotor 1 may or may not have a flange. In order to save space in the motor, reduce material consumption and reduce cost, referring to fig. 3 and 4, the arc length of the end surface of the separating tooth 22 close to the rotor 1 is smaller than the arc length of the end surface of the winding tooth 21 close to the rotor 1.
The shape of the spaced teeth 22 may be arranged in various ways, for example, the cross section of the spaced teeth 22 cut along the radial direction of the stator 2 may be T-shaped or I-shaped. As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the cross section of the stator 2 is T-shaped, and the teeth 22 are cut along the radial direction of the stator 2; as shown in fig. 4, the stator 2 is a schematic structure in which the teeth 22 are cut in the radial direction of the stator 2 and have an I-shaped cross section.
The shape of the separating teeth 22 may be various, and other structures may be provided in the separating teeth 22, for example, referring to fig. 2, the separating teeth 22 are provided with magnetic separating grooves 23 along the radial direction of the stator 2. Owing to set up magnetism isolating groove 23, when winding 3 circular telegram, can form air Magnetic resistance in the magnetism isolating groove 23, block Magnetic force and circulate here, and then change the Magnetic circuit direction, make the both sides along magnetism isolating groove 23 obtain magnetism and gather directive property effect, namely, magnetism isolating groove 23 can block the Magnetic circuit, the Magnetic circuit will form closed loop (closed loop) along middle wire winding tooth 21 Magnetic bridge (Magnetic bridge) both sides, the Magnetic force density has been improved, thereby furthest utilizes the electromagnetic energy, under the prerequisite that does not increase motor volume size, can increase the output of motor, promote motor efficiency.
In a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the magnetism isolating groove 23 is opened from one end of the magnetism isolating tooth 22 close to the rotor to one end far away from the rotor 1, and one side of the magnetism isolating groove 23 close to the rotor 1 is opened, and one side far away from the rotor 1 is a bottom surface of the magnetism isolating groove 23. That is, the side of the magnetism isolating groove 23 facing the rotor 1 is open, and the side of the magnetism isolating groove 23 far away from the rotor 1 is the bottom surface of the magnetism isolating groove 23, that is, the magnetism isolating groove 23 separates the magnetism isolating teeth 22 at the side facing the rotor 1, and the magnetism isolating teeth 22 are not cut at the side far away from the rotor 1, and the magnetism isolating teeth 22 which are not cut ensure that the stator 2 is integrally a component instead of being manufactured separately, which is beneficial to ensuring the roundness consistency of the N winding teeth 21 and the N magnetism isolating teeth 22 of the stator 2 during manufacturing; moreover, when the winding 3 is electrified, the Magnetic saturation phenomenon is generated at the position where one side of the magnetism isolating groove 23 far away from the rotor 1 is not cut off the magnetism isolating teeth 22, and then the circulation of Magnetic force is blocked, the direction of the Magnetic circuit is changed, so that the Magnetic concentration directivity effect is obtained along the two sides of the magnetism isolating groove 23, namely, the magnetism isolating groove 23 can block the Magnetic circuit, the Magnetic circuit forms a closed loop (closed loop) along the two sides of the Magnetic bridge (Magnetic bridge) of the winding teeth 21 in the middle, compared with the stator 2 without the magnetism isolating groove 23, the density of the Magnetic circuit is doubled, the Magnetic density is improved, so that the electromagnetic energy is utilized to the maximum extent, on the premise of not increasing the volume size of the motor, the output power of the motor can be increased, and the efficiency of the motor is improved.
In order to clearly show the principle of the efficiency improvement of the motor provided by the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 6 and fig. 7, when the motor of the embodiment of the present application is powered on to work, a simulation of a magnetic circuit is performed, wherein fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of when the motor with three-phase (three-phase power is represented by U, V and W in the figure) winding 3 is powered on to two-phase power (U-phase and V-phase), the motor is pushed to run; fig. 7 shows a magnetic circuit simulation of the motor in operation. It can be seen that, when the motor stator 2 with the magnetism isolating groove 23 works, the magnetism isolating groove 23 isolates the magnetic force, changes the direction, and ensures that the end part of the stator 2 facing the rotor 1 side is in an isolated state, thereby obtaining the effect of intensive magnetic force and further improving the working efficiency of the motor.
It should be noted that the motor of the embodiment of the present application may be any motor that can be applied with the stator 2 as the winding 3 and the rotor 1 as the pole magnet 11, and the structure of the embodiment of the present application applied to the brushless motor is illustrated in fig. 2, which is only an example, and the motor of the present application is not limited to the brushless motor.
In addition, in some embodiments, referring to fig. 2 and 7, the magnetism isolating groove 23 cannot completely cut off the magnetism isolating tooth 22, the magnetism isolating principle of the magnetism isolating groove 23 is that the magnetism resisting effect is achieved through magnetic saturation at the joint of the magnetism isolating tooth 22, and the incomplete cutting of the magnetism isolating tooth 22 can ensure that the stator 2 is an integral component, so that the concentricity is ensured during production and manufacturing, and the roundness is ensured. In addition, it is very important that the side of the magnetic isolation groove 23 facing the rotor 1 is the opening of the magnetic isolation groove 23, that is, the end of the isolation tooth 22 facing the polar magnet 11 of the rotor 1 is cut off, so that it is ensured that multiple magnetic circuits are separated from the side facing the polar magnet 11 of the rotor 1, the magnetic density is increased, and the motor efficiency is improved.
In the conventional scheme, in order to obtain larger electric energy, each slot is generally fully utilized for winding, that is, referring to fig. 1, each tooth 011 of the inner stator 01 is wound, and no other structure exists between each tooth 011. However, in this scheme, the space in which the wire can be wound is limited, and it is difficult to manufacture the wire when the number of wires wound in the groove is large, and it is generally difficult to manufacture the wire by a process when the full groove rate reaches 75%. In the scheme of the motor in the embodiment of the application, referring to fig. 2 and 5, the middle of each winding tooth 21 is provided with a separating tooth 22, which is equivalent to winding every other tooth, and this method can be called a "separating tooth winding" method, and compared with the method of winding every tooth 011 in the conventional scheme, the "separating tooth winding" method can effectively avoid the mutual interference of the windings 3 between the adjacent teeth 011, and reduce the difficulty in production and manufacturing in the process. After the actual production operation verification is performed on the winding of the traditional scheme and the mode of the tooth spacing winding of the embodiment of the application, the inner stator 01 with 12 grooves of the traditional scheme is found, the wire diameter of each tooth 011 winding is 0.55 mm, the number of turns of the winding is 20 circles, and finally, the groove fullness rate reaches 75%; in the motor of the embodiment of the present application, the 6 winding teeth 21 and the 6 separating teeth 22 are provided, the winding diameter of each winding tooth 21 is 0.7 mm, the number of winding turns is 16, and the slot fullness rate is only 50%.
Referring to fig. 2, 7 and 8, the side of the stator 2 away from the rotor 1 is a mounting surface 24, and adjacent winding teeth 21 and spacing teeth 22 are connected by a tooth root surface 25. The magnetic saturation phenomenon at the position of the magnetic isolation tooth 22 is like water flow, magnetic force can be transmitted along the magnetic isolation tooth 22 (similar to water flow), the distance between one side of the magnetic isolation groove 23 far away from the rotor 1 and the mounting surface 24 is a passage (similar to a water channel capable of flowing water) through which the magnetic force can be transmitted to the other side of the magnetic isolation groove 23, when the passage is fully occupied by the magnetic force flow in the passage, other magnetic force cannot pass through the passage, and further other magnetic force can be directionally gathered at two sides of the magnetic isolation groove 23 respectively, so that the magnetic force density is improved. Therefore, in the opening of the magnet-shielding groove 23, the deeper the magnet-shielding groove 23 is opened (i.e., the closer the magnet-shielding groove 23 is to the mounting surface 24, the more easily the magnetic saturation phenomenon is satisfied, and the more remarkable the effect of the improved magnetic density is.
In order to ensure that magnetic saturation occurs at a position where the magnetic isolation teeth 22 are not cut off on the side of the magnetic isolation groove 23 away from the rotor 1 when the winding 3 is energized, and to facilitate manufacturing, referring to fig. 2, 7, and 8, the side of the magnetic isolation groove 23 away from the rotor 1 is opened between the mounting surface 24 and the tooth root surface 25. Thus, the path of the magnetic force propagating from winding tooth 21 is inevitably larger than the path between the side of magnetism isolating groove 23 far from rotor 1 and mounting surface 24, and a part of the magnetic force is inevitably unable to pass through the path between the side of magnetism isolating groove 23 far from rotor 1 and mounting surface 24, so that the effect of magnetism isolating groove 23 for blocking the magnetic circuit can be ensured. When the magnetism isolating groove 23 is formed, the mounting surface 24 and the tooth root surface 25 can be used as reference auxiliary lines for forming the magnetism isolating groove 23, and one side of the magnetism isolating groove 23 far away from the rotor 1 is formed between the mounting surface 24 and the tooth root surface 25, so that the process manufacturing is convenient.
Through multiple calculations and experimental verification, referring to fig. 2, 7 and 8, the distance between the side of the magnetism isolating groove 23 far away from the rotor 1 and the mounting surface 24 can be 0.2 mm-0.5 mm, so as to ensure the magnetic saturation effect at the position and improve the motor efficiency. The distance between the side of the magnetism isolating groove 23 far away from the rotor and the mounting surface 24 can be 0.2 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.5 mm or the like.
The magnetic isolation grooves 23 can isolate and block magnetic force on two sides of the magnetic isolation grooves to change the direction of a magnetic circuit, improve magnetic force density and increase motor efficiency. In order to ensure that the magnetism isolating groove 23 can distribute the magnetic force on both sides equally as much as possible, referring to fig. 2 and 8, the magnetism isolating groove 23 may be formed in the middle of the separating tooth 22 so that the separating tooth 22 is divided into two symmetrical parts. In addition, the magnetic isolation groove 23 positioned in the middle of the isolation tooth 22 enables the two separated parts of the isolation tooth 22 to be symmetrical, so that the layout is convenient, and the structural strength is relatively stable.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 and 8, the magnetism isolating groove 23 may be a strip-shaped groove. The shape of the magnetic isolation groove 23 can be various, as long as the magnetic isolation can be blocked at the two sides to change the magnetic path direction. The bar-shaped magnetism isolating groove 23 is easy to set and convenient to process and manufacture according to the shape of the magnetism isolating tooth 22.
The connection modes of the windings 3 of the motor stator 2 are series connection and parallel connection. In series, as shown in fig. 9, the resistance value of each phase is the superposition of the resistances of the individual windings 3, in particular the individual resistance value multiplied by the number of all windings 3 in each phase, while in parallel, as shown in fig. 10, the resistance value of each phase is the reduction of the resistances of the individual windings 3, in particular the individual resistance value divided by the number of all windings 3 in each phase. Therefore, in some implementations of the motor according to the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 10, 11, and 12, of the N windings 3 provided on the N winding teeth 21, the windings 3 of the same phase are connected in parallel. Compared with a series winding mode, the parallel winding mode has the advantages that the equivalent resistance value of each phase of winding 3 is greatly reduced, the copper loss of the winding 3 is greatly reduced, and the efficiency of the motor can be further improved.
In the motor according to the embodiment of the present invention, the windings 3 that are connected to the same phase of electricity may be series windings or parallel windings, and the selection of the specific windings may be selected according to actual conditions. The scheme of parallel winding and the scheme of arranging the spacing teeth 22 between every two adjacent winding teeth 21 are combined, so that the efficiency improvement effect of the motor is better. If not set up and separate tooth 22, promptly, do not have other structure separation between the adjacent wire winding tooth 21, the parallelly connected wire winding of single tooth that adopts single pitch fractional slot motor, need reduce the line footpath of single-stage winding 3 and just can realize single wire winding, but the line footpath of coil diminishes and will bring 3 through-flow area of winding and diminish, and then motor coil's resistance value increase, lead to motor winding 3 to generate heat, the copper decreases and increases, the efficiency of motor also can reduce thereupon, must not repay. The winding mode of the motor of the embodiment of the application is matched with parallel winding, so that interference between adjacent windings 3 is avoided, the wire diameter of the coil can be increased, the resistance of the motor coil is further reduced, and the copper loss of the motor during working is reduced. That is, when the isolation teeth 22 are provided and the magnetic isolation grooves 23 are provided in the isolation teeth 22, the windings 3 of each phase may be wound in series or in parallel, and the motor efficiency of the parallel winding method is higher than that of the series winding method.
The N winding teeth 21 are all wound with the windings 3, that is, the number of the windings 3 is also N. When the motor is in operation, it is generally necessary to electrically connect different windings 3 on the stator 2 in multiple phases to generate magnetic forces that interact magnetically with the pole magnets 11 of the rotor 1 to rotate the rotor 1. And the number of the phase electricity which is usually accessed in the stator 2 is three, so that in order to ensure that the winding 3 can be accessed to three groups of phase electricity, N is an integral multiple of 3, namely, the number of the winding 3 can be 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and the like, and further, the N windings 3 can be equally divided into three groups of combinations accessed to different phase electricity.
For example, when N is 3, as shown in fig. 13, the stator 2 has 3 winding teeth 21, the number of the windings 3 is 3, and the 3 windings 3 are connected to different phases in a one-to-one correspondence. The motor corresponding to the stator 2 of the 3 windings 3 has a simple structure, is convenient to manufacture, and has relatively large winding space for each winding 3 under the condition of the same outer diameter of the motor stator 2. However, in the use process of the motor with 3 windings 3, since the 3 windings 3 are connected to different phases, each winding 3 can only be arranged on one side of the stator 2, and thus, the problem of unbalanced magnetic force on the outer side of the stator 2 can occur after the motor is electrified.
When the number of the winding teeth 21 is a multiple of 3, a plurality of windings 3 for each phase are distributed at different positions of the stator 2, so that the magnetic force is balanced around the outer side of the stator 2. Illustratively, as shown in fig. 2 and 8, N is 6, 6 winding teeth 21 are uniformly spaced, each winding tooth 21 has another winding tooth 21 symmetrical to its center, and the windings 3 of any winding tooth 21 and another winding tooth 21 symmetrical to its center are connected to the same phase. Taking the stator 2 with 6 winding teeth 21 as an example, the 6 winding teeth 21 are uniformly arranged at intervals, so that each winding tooth 21 has another winding tooth 21 which is symmetrical with the center of the winding tooth, and the windings 3 on the two winding teeth 21 which are mutually symmetrical with each other at the center can be connected with the same phase of electricity, so that the magnetic force on the two sides of the stator 2 is balanced after the electricity is switched on, and the motor efficiency is higher.
It should be noted that, when N is 6, 6 winding teeth 21 are uniformly spaced, and each winding tooth 21 is spaced by 60 degrees. In the scheme that N is 6, the winding and parallel winding of the corresponding 6 windings 3 may be: winding on the 6 winding teeth 21 to form 6 windings 3, connecting the inlet ends of the 6 windings 3 in pairs to form a phase, and connecting the outlet ends together to form a common end, wherein the three inlet ends are respectively connected with a phase current, and the windings 3 which are two phases are symmetrical about the center of the stator 2.
The motor of the embodiment of the application can be an outer rotor motor or an inner rotor motor. Referring to fig. 2, the outer rotor motor has an annular rotor 1, and a stator 2 is located inside the rotor 1. Internal rotor motor referring to fig. 14, the stator 2 is a ring structure, and the rotor 1 is located inside the stator 2.
It should be noted that, the motor of this application embodiment can be installed in the equipment that needs the motor, and this equipment can be radiator fan, unmanned aerial vehicle, cloud platform, water pump motor or cell-phone etc. wherein, radiator fan and water pump motor all have the fan blade structure, the better structural style that can adopt the outer rotor motor of fan blade structure.
In the motor of the embodiment of the present application, the number of the windings 3 on the stator 2 may be 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, etc., and the number of the pole magnets 11 on the rotor 1 may be 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, etc., referring to fig. 2, in the scheme of the outer rotor motor, the stator 2 has 6 winding teeth 21 and 6 separating teeth 22, and the rotor 1 has 10 pole magnets 11; referring to fig. 14, in the version of the internal rotor 1 motor, the stator 2 has 6 winding teeth 21 and 6 separating teeth 22, and the rotor 1 has 14 pole magnets 11.
In order to prevent the influence of heat generated by the winding 3 during operation on other positions of the motor, the insulating framework is sleeved outside the stator 2, so that the insulating framework can be sleeved outside the stator 2 of the motor, and then the winding is wound on the insulating framework to form the winding 3. The insulating framework has good heat resistance, can play a role in flame retardance, and ensures the normal operation of the motor.
Specific experiments are carried out on the traditional motor and the motor in the embodiment of the application, various data of the two motors during working are measured, and the fact that the resistance of the motor in the embodiment of the application is greatly reduced, the copper loss is reduced and the temperature of the winding 3 is greatly improved under the condition that basic parameters such as output power, torque and the like are unchanged is found. The specific data comparison is shown in the table one.
According to the resistance values measured in the table, the copper loss of the conventional motor and the motor of the embodiment of the present application can be calculated as follows:
P1＝I2R1＝7.012×7.012×0.194＝9.54W；
P2＝I2R2＝6.19×6.19×0.08＝3.07W；
ΔP＝P1-P2＝9.54-3.07＝6.47W；
wherein I is current, R1Is the winding 3 resistance, P, of a conventional motor1Copper loss, R, of conventional electric machines2In order to practice the present applicationWinding 3 resistance, P of the example machine2For the copper loss of this application embodiment motor, delta P is the copper loss difference, and then, 3 copper losses of winding that the motor of this application embodiment compared traditional motor reduce 67.8%.
In addition, in table one, the temperature of the motor winding 3 of the embodiment of the present application is stabilized at 60 degrees celsius, and compared with the temperature of the conventional motor winding 3 of 93 degrees celsius, the temperature of the motor winding 3 is greatly improved, the fact that the copper loss is greatly reduced is also verified, and the lower temperature is more favorable for the work of the motor, and the winding 3 is not burnt out.
Further, both the conventional motor and the motor of the embodiment of the present application are applied to a heat dissipation fan (standard fan blade frame), as shown in fig. 15, where a is a curve of the conventional motor applied to the heat dissipation fan, and b is a curve of the motor of the embodiment of the present application applied to the heat dissipation fan. It can be seen that, the motor of this application embodiment is applied to radiator fan, compares traditional motor and applies radiator fan, and the amount of wind improves about 20%, and static pressure efficiency promotes about 3%.
In the description herein, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (16)
1. An electric machine, comprising:
a rotor having a plurality of pole magnets thereon;
the stator, the stator with the rotor sets up with one heart, the rotor can for the stator is rotatory, the stator orientation one side circumference of rotor is arranged N and is wound the line tooth, every it is used for twining a winding to wind the line tooth, all is equipped with one between every two adjacent line teeth and separates the tooth, it is used for establishing the magnetic bridge between two adjacent windings to separate the tooth, wherein, N is the integer that is more than or equal to 3.
2. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the arcuate length of the end surface of the spacer teeth adjacent the rotor is less than the arcuate length of the end surface of the winding teeth adjacent the rotor.
3. The electric machine of claim 1 or 2, wherein the cross-section of the separator teeth cut in the radial direction of the stator is T-shaped or I-shaped.
4. The motor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a magnetic isolation groove is formed in the isolation tooth along a radial direction of the stator.
5. The motor of claim 4, wherein the magnetism isolating groove is formed from one end of the magnetism isolating tooth close to the rotor to the end far away from the rotor, one side of the magnetism isolating groove close to the rotor is open, and the side far away from the rotor is the bottom surface of the magnetism isolating groove.
6. The motor of claim 5, wherein the side of the stator away from the rotor is a mounting surface, the adjacent winding teeth and the adjacent separating teeth are connected by a tooth root surface, and the side of the magnetism isolating groove away from the rotor is arranged between the mounting surface and the tooth root surface.
7. The motor of claim 6, wherein the side of the magnetism isolating groove far away from the rotor is 0.2 mm-0.5 mm away from the mounting surface.
8. The motor according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the flux barrier groove is located in the middle of the separator tooth to divide the separator tooth into two symmetrical parts.
9. The motor according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the magnetic isolation grooves are strip-shaped grooves.
10. The motor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, of the N windings provided on the N winding teeth, a winding wire is connected in parallel between the windings that are energized for the same phase.
11. The machine according to any of claims 1-10, wherein N is an integer multiple of 3.
12. The electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein said N is 6, 6 said winding teeth are uniformly spaced, each said winding tooth has another said winding tooth symmetrical with its center, and said windings on any said winding tooth and another said winding tooth symmetrical with its center are connected in the same phase.
13. The machine of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the rotor is of annular configuration and the stator is located internally of the rotor.
14. The machine of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the stator is of annular configuration and the rotor is located internally of the stator.
15. The motor according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein an insulating skeleton is sleeved outside the stator, and the winding is wound on the insulating skeleton.
16. An apparatus comprising a motor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15.
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