CN113590676B - Drainage basin flood control scheduling method and system based on step joint equivalent flood control storage capacity - Google Patents
Drainage basin flood control scheduling method and system based on step joint equivalent flood control storage capacity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of flood control scheduling of a cascade reservoir in a drainage basin, and discloses a method and a system for flood control scheduling of the drainage basin based on cascade joint equivalent flood control reservoir capacity, which are used for identifying a flood control target and a main control factor of the cascade reservoir; flood encounters of different main streams are extracted; establishing a step reservoir combined flood control scheduling scheme set; constructing a step reservoir combined flood control dispatching fitness function CF (); initializing a step reservoir combined flood control initial process; calculating a combined operation state set of the cascade reservoirs; and extracting a step combined equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme set. The step combined equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme set by the invention can meet basic scheduling operation modes and constraint limits of reservoir flood control, water storage, power generation and the like, provides theory and data support for setting a reasonable operation mode of a drainage basin flood control system, has engineering practicability, can meet the drainage basin flood control requirement and the step hydroenergy power generation benefit, and provides a new idea for the optimized operation of the drainage basin flood control system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flood control scheduling of a drainage basin cascade reservoir, and particularly relates to a drainage basin flood control scheduling method and system based on cascade joint equivalent flood control reservoir capacity.
Background
In 2020, in the water engineering combined dispatching of Yangtze river basin, 22 controlled reservoirs and flood control reservoir capacity of 352 hundred million m above three gorges in Yangtze river 3 (Wudongde-free 24.4 hundred million m) 3 ) Wherein the flood control storage capacity of the three gorges reservoir is 221.5 hundred million m 3 And accounts for 63% of the flood control capacity of the reservoir group. The controllable reservoir to be built and put into operation at above three gorges comprises two estuaries, wu Dongde and four bases of white crane beach. The flood control storage capacity of four step reservoirs of two estuaries, wu Dongde and white crane beach is 124 hundred million meters 3 The flood control storage capacity of the controlled reservoir over three gorges is increased by 35 percent and is increased to 476 hundred million meters 3 . Along with the development and construction of the watershed hydro-junction project, the flood control capacity, the flood control objects, the flood control tasks and the regulation and control modes of the watershed are greatly changed.
At present, the flood control storage capacity of the hydro-junction is set for providing flood control safety for dam or downstream protection objects, and the flood control safety of specific protection objects is guaranteed mainly through independent operation of the hydro-junction for defending standard flood. Domestic and foreign researches are also mostly focused on analyzing the operation mode research of a single or cascade reservoir on a specific flood control task, and the flood control dispatching of the cascade reservoir in the subareas is less quantitatively researched to play a role in the full-watershed flood defense.
Meanwhile, in the prior art, when the problem of the full-range flood is defended, although an overall defense scheme is tried to be formed, the combined operation mode of the hydro-junction group is still to be perfected, and the regulation and storage function of the partitioned controllable reservoir is difficult to be fully exerted; in the prior art, when the problem of flood control in a drainage basin is solved, a mode of reducing the operating water level of a reservoir to a flood limit water level and reserving a planned flood control reservoir capacity is adopted, the comprehensive benefits of a cascade reservoir cannot be taken into consideration, and the efficient utilization of water resources in the drainage basin cannot be realized.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) In the prior art, each hydro junction still needs to reach the preset flood control limit water level for flood control at first, and the regulation and storage function of the zone-controlled reservoir is difficult to be fully exerted when the problem of the full-river flood of different types is prevented.
(2) In the prior art, when the problem of flood control in a drainage basin is solved, a mode of reducing the operating water level of a reservoir to a flood limit water level and reserving a planned flood control reservoir capacity is adopted, the comprehensive benefits of a cascade reservoir cannot be taken into consideration, and the efficient utilization of water resources in the drainage basin cannot be realized.
(3) Domestic and foreign research mostly focuses on analyzing the operation mode of a single or step reservoir to a specific flood control task, and few quantitative researches on the flood control scheduling of the step reservoir in the subareas play a role in full-watershed flood defense.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is:
aiming at the problem of watershed flood, the combined dispatching research of the cascade reservoir is being developed at home and abroad, and the aim is to fully play the integral flood control function of the cascade reservoir to the watershed. However, at present, research work is still in an initial practical stage, control indexes such as single-reservoir flood control limit water level, reserved flood control reservoir capacity and the like defined in a reservoir design stage or a scheduling regulation are maintained, a drainage basin combined reserved flood control reservoir capacity strategy taking the drainage basin as a whole as an object is not formed, and the regulation and storage function of the partitioned controllable reservoir is difficult to fully exert.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows:
aiming at the problem of cascade reservoir combined flood control dispatching under the new flood control situation of the drainage basin, the cascade reservoir combined flood control dispatching mode of each subarea is further researched, a cascade combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy oriented to drainage basin flood control safety and comprehensive benefits is sought, the reserve mode of the flood control storage capacity of the subarea cascade reservoir in the flood season is optimized, a cascade combined equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme set is formulated from the cascade reservoir group unified flood control dispatching, the cascade reservoir combined blocking effect can be fully exerted, the drainage basin flood control safety can be guaranteed, meanwhile, the comprehensive utilization benefits of drainage basin water resources can be considered, and the technical support can be provided for efficient development and utilization of drainage basin water resources and improvement of comprehensive utilization benefits of water resources.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a drainage basin flood control scheduling method based on cascade combined equivalent flood control storage capacity, and particularly relates to a cascade combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy oriented to drainage basin flood control safety and comprehensive benefits.
The invention is realized in this way, a drainage basin flood control dispatching method based on cascade joint equivalent flood control storage capacity, which comprises the following steps:
step one, identifying a flood control target and a main control factor of a cascade reservoir;
step two, extracting flood encounter typical of different main streams;
step three, establishing a step reservoir combined flood control scheduling scheme set;
step four, constructing a step reservoir combined flood control dispatching fitness function CF ();
step five, initializing a combined flood control initial process of the cascade reservoir;
step six, calculating a combined operation state set of the cascade reservoirs;
and step seven, extracting a step combined equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme set.
Further, in step one, discerning step reservoir flood control target and major control factor includes:
the flood control task of the watershed cascade reservoir comprises three levels, wherein firstly, the flood control safety of the cascade reservoir is ensured; secondly, the flood control safety of downstream protection objects is guaranteed; and thirdly, the downstream watershed flood control task is undertaken in cooperation with the watershed control reservoir group. Aiming at different flood control targets and flood control tasks of the cascade reservoir, starting from the unified flood control scheduling of the reservoir group in the drainage basin, the flood control targets and the main control conditions of the flood control scheduling operation of the cascade reservoir are mainly analyzed, and the flood control targets and the main control factors of the cascade reservoir are identified.
The first-level self flood control safety is used for reflecting that the front water level of the cascade reservoir dam needs to be lower than a flood control high water level FHL, and the downward discharge flow needs to obey the maximum flood discharge capacity MFC; the second-level downstream flood control object flood control safety is used for reflecting that the discharge flow of the cascade reservoir is required to be smaller than the RFC (riverway flood discharge capacity) in the downstream protection object flood control standard; and the third layer is matched with and bears the downstream watershed flood control task and is used for reflecting that the requirement of the watershed flood control for the combined flood storage capacity CFS of the cascade reservoir in the dispatching period needs to be met. Therefore, according to the characteristics of the flood control tasks of the three levels of the cascade reservoir, the first level and the second level can be used as hard constraint conditions, and the third level can be used as a target fitness function in the cascade reservoir combined dispatching model.
Wherein, F 1 For the first level of flood control, F 2 For second level flood control tasks, F 3 For the third level flood protection task.
Further, in step one, discerning step reservoir flood control target and major control factor still includes:
(1) If the regional cascade reservoir flood control task comprises the three levels, the cascade reservoir dispatching model can convert the first-level flood control target and the second-level flood control target into water level and flow constraint conditions, the maximum combined flood interception and storage volume is taken as a main objective function, the maximum comprehensive utilization benefit of water resources is taken as a secondary objective function, and after the combined flood interception and storage volume of the cascade reservoir meets the requirements of the drainage basin flood control task, the comprehensive utilization benefit of the drainage basin water resources is optimized;
(2) If the second-level flood control task is not available in the flood control tasks of the regional step reservoir, the flood control target set of the step reservoir can be simplified to F 1 And F 3 (ii) a The cascade reservoir dispatching model can convert the first layer flood control target into water level and flow constraint conditions, the maximum combined flood blocking amount is a main objective function, the maximum comprehensive utilization benefit of water resources is a secondary objective function, and after the combined flood blocking amount of the cascade reservoir meets the requirements of the flood control task of the drainage basin, the comprehensive utilization benefit of the drainage basin water resources is optimized;
(3) If the third-level flood control task is not available in the flood control tasks of the regional step reservoir, the flood control target set of the step reservoir can be simplified to F 1 And F 2 (ii) a Therefore, the cascade reservoir dispatching model can convert flood control targets into water level and flow constraint conditions, and further the maximum comprehensive utilization benefit of water resources is a target function.
Further, in the second step, the flood exposure of the different main streams includes:
(1) Analyzing and determining the flood characteristics and the regional composition of the watershed: collecting historical Flood data and long series actual measurement Flood data of different subareas of a main control section of a drainage basin, analyzing the times of Flood encounters of different subareas by counting the occurrence time and times of the Flood, and forming a typical Flood Set (FS = { FS) } 1 ,FS 2 ,…,FS n ,…,FS N }). On the basis, the flood propagation time is considered, the different duration floods of each control section are respectively counted to obtain the flood area composition conditions W of different-year watershed t General assembly ：
W t General assembly ＝{W t 1 ，W t 2 ，...，W t a ，...，W t A }
t∈{1d，3d，5d，7d，15d，30d，60d}；
Wherein, W t a The time period t is the flood of the a-th subarea, and A is the number of the subareas. Particularly, t can be selected according to the regional flood characteristics, the flood process of the Yangtze river basin can reach 60d, and the duration of 7d, 15d or shorter time can be selected as the flood calculation time period for common medium and small basins.
(2) According to the cascade reservoir flood control tasks and the flood control targets, by combining the dispatching modes of the flood periods of all reservoirs, analyzing the flood control effect exerted by the upstream cascade reservoir group combined dispatching aiming at different typical annual flood processes in a typical flood set FS under the condition that the downstream control section has the same frequency of flood, and determining the most unfavorable typical flood composition of all the flood control targets.
i∈{1，2，...，D}；
Wherein, CFS i Total impounded flood for ith target, Q t,s And D is the number of flood control targets.
Further, in step three, the establishing of the step reservoir combined flood control scheduling scheme set includes:
setting an initial scheme OS of a flood season water level control process line according to a flood season scheduling mode of each reservoir on the basis of identification of a flood control target and a main control factor of a cascade reservoir 0 (ii) a Combine the flood areas of main and branch to form a result, and use the step reservoir total flood control storage capacity V Total And (3) adjusting the reserved flood control storage capacity of the cascade reservoir in the main flood season by using the fixed step length delta V without changing the principle, deriving the combined flood control dispatching derivation scheme set OS = { OS ] of the M cascade reservoirs 1 ,OS 2 ,…,OS m ,…,OS M }。
Further, in step four, the constructing of the step reservoir combined flood control dispatching fitness function CF (), includes:
starting from the unified flood control scheduling of the reservoir group in the drainage basin and the full play of the combined retaining function of the cascade reservoirs, the maximum combined retaining flood volume of the cascade reservoirs is the main optimization target CF 1 Taking the maximum total power generation TP as a secondary objective function CF 2 The expression is as follows:
wherein, CFS n m And the total flood interception and storage amount of the nth typical flood and the mth combined flood control scheduling scheme is obtained.
Wherein, TP n m Step total power generation amount, P, of nth typical flood and mth combined flood control scheduling scheme t Indicating the amount of power generation in the reservoir at time t.
Further, in the fifth step, the initialization step reservoir combined flood control initial process includes:
controlling the process line initial scheme OS according to the flood season water level 0 Sequentially adopting a typical flood set FS as a model water supply condition, and obtaining an initial scheme OS under different typical flood conditions through flood control scheduling rules f () of each reservoir flood season 0 The combined flood blocking and controlling dispatching process of the cascade reservoir forms an initial combined flood blocking and storing set INIV = { INIV = 1 ,INIV 2 ,…,INIV n ,…,INIV N And initial set INIP = { INIP ] in reservoir flood control scheduling process 1 ,INIP 2 ,…,INIP n ,…,INIP N }：
INI n (INIV n ,INIP n )＝f(FS n ,OS 0 ,CF(F 2 ,F 3 ))。
Wherein, F 1 For the first flood control mission, F 2 For second level flood control tasks, F 3 For the third level flood protection task.
Further, in the sixth step, the estimating of the combined operation state set of the cascade reservoirs includes:
combined flood storage and flood control scheduling process INI in cascade reservoir n (INIV n ,INIP n ) Under the determined condition, according to the combined flood control dispatching derivation scheme of M cascade reservoirs, considering that the flood control dispatching regulation requirements of the reservoir in the flood season are met, the initial flood control process of the cascade reservoir may not meet the derivation scheme OS m Regulating the water level and flow constraint of the cascade reservoir in different periods of flood season according to water balance calculation to obtain the nth typical flood and the mth combined flood control scheduling result RES n,m The method comprises the steps of the flood storage capacity of the step reservoir, and the flood peak and the flood capacity of the river channel where the downstream protection object is located, and forms a step reservoir combined flood control scheduling result set RES (N multiplied by M). The model constraint conditions are as follows:
(1) reservoir water balance restraint:
V t ＝V t-1 +(I t -Q t -S t )Δt
t＝2,3,...,T；
(2) the upper and lower limits of the storage capacity (water level) are restricted:
(3) and (3) restricting the upper and lower limits of the ex-warehouse flow:
(4) time interval water level/flow variable amplitude constraint:
(5) scheduling end-of-term water level constraints:
Z c ＝Z g ；
wherein, V t 、I t 、Q t The reservoir capacity, the warehousing flow and the ex-warehouse flow of the reservoir at the t time interval of the dispatching period are respectively; s. the t Is the flow rate of the water supply;
respectively an upper limit and a lower limit of the water level of the reservoir at the time t;
Respectively is the upper and lower limits of the discharge quantity of the reservoir at the time t; the delta Z and the delta Q are respectively the maximum water level amplitude and the flow amplitude allowed in the reservoir time interval; z c And Z g And calculating the final water level and the dispatching period final water level control value for the reservoir respectively.
Further, in the seventh step, the extracting of the step combined equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme set includes:
through a fitness function CF (), the combined flood storage capacity CFS and the total step power generation TP of the step reservoir combined flood control dispatching result set RES (NxM) are analyzed in a statistical manner, and a combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy existing in the result set is judged.
(1) If CFS n m >INIV n ，RES n,m Namely a combined equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme JFC n,j ；
(2) If CFS n m <INIV n ，RES n,m Namely a non-union equivalent flood control reservoir capacity scheme NJFC n,k 。
Synthesizing equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme in RES (N multiplied by M), and synthesizing a certain typical flood FS n JFC (unified design language) combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy set n Selecting CFS by comparing the variation relationship between CFS and TP in different schemes in strategy set n m ＝INIV n As a solution to FS n The optimal combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy.
The invention provides a drainage basin flood control dispatching method based on a cascade joint equivalent flood control reservoir capacity, which is applied to a drainage basin flood control dispatching system and comprises the following steps:
the target and master control factor identification module is used for identifying the flood control target and the master control factor of the cascade reservoir;
the flood encounter typical extraction module is used for extracting flood encounter typical of different main and branch flows;
the flood control dispatching scheme set establishing module is used for establishing a cascade reservoir combined flood control dispatching scheme set;
the fitness function building module is used for building a step reservoir combined flood control dispatching fitness function CF ();
the process initialization module is used for initializing a cascade reservoir combined flood control initial process;
the operation state set calculation module is used for calculating a combined operation state set of the step reservoir;
and the flood control storage capacity scheme set extraction module is used for extracting a cascade combined equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme set.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the method for dispatching flood control in a drainage basin based on a cascade join equivalent flood control storage capacity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an information data processing terminal, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to execute the method for dispatching flood control in a drainage basin based on a cascade joint equivalent flood control reservoir capacity.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the river basin flood control dispatching method based on the cascade combined equivalent flood control storage capacity, a cascade combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy oriented to river basin flood control safety and comprehensive benefits is sought for the problem of cascade reservoir combined flood control dispatching under the new river basin flood control situation, the flood control storage capacity reservation mode of the partitioned cascade reservoir in the flood season is optimized, and the comprehensive utilization benefit of river basin water resources is improved. The invention also provides a cascade combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy oriented to the flood control safety and the comprehensive benefits of the drainage basin, and a flood control scheduling scheme which can ensure the flood control safety of the drainage basin and can also give consideration to the comprehensive utilization benefits of water resources of the drainage basin is formulated.
The invention can satisfy the flood control requirement of the drainage basin, simultaneously can give consideration to the cascade hydropower benefit, and fully exerts the regulation and storage function of the reservoir with zone control. The flood scheduling scheme formulated by the invention can meet basic scheduling operation modes and constraint limits of reservoir flood control, water storage, power generation and the like, can provide theoretical and data support for formulating a reasonable operation mode of a drainage basin flood control system, and has certain practical application value. Meanwhile, the invention innovatively provides a concept of a partition combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy and provides a new idea for the optimized operation of a drainage basin flood control system.
According to the effect after the implementation of the technical scheme, the optimal combined equivalent flood control strategy fully utilizes the combined regulation and storage capacity of the two estuaries, the screen and the first-level reservoir and the second beach reservoir, and can give consideration to the cascade hydropower generation benefit and improve the comprehensive utilization benefit of the drainage basin water resource on the basis of meeting the flood control requirement of the drainage basin. Fig. 2 and 3 show that the flow process and the water level process of the yamo river outlet and the downstream flood control section of the typical optimal flood combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy in 1998 all meet the flood control requirements of the drainage basin. Therefore, the step reservoir combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy obtained by the invention can meet the actual operation management requirements of the drainage basin flood control system, and has certain engineering practicability.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain a corresponding set of step-combined equivalent flood protection storage solutions for other research objects according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a drainage basin flood control scheduling method based on a cascade joint equivalent flood control storage capacity according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a drainage basin flood control dispatching system based on a cascade joint equivalent flood control storage capacity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a target and master factor identification module; 2. flood encounters typical extraction modules; 3. a flood control scheduling scheme set building module; 4. a fitness function building module; 5. a process initialization module; 6. a running state set calculation module; 7. and the flood control storage capacity scheme set extraction module.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the step reservoir reserved flood control storage capacity scheme and the step combined flood storage capacity.
Fig. 4 is a process diagram of small flood water obtained after impoundment by the Sanya river huller step according to the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a process diagram of flood in zeng rock after the impoundment of the Sanya river hulling step provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a drainage basin flood control scheduling method based on a cascade joint equivalent flood control storage capacity, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for dispatching flood control in drainage basin based on cascade joint equivalent flood control reservoir capacity according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101, identifying a flood control target and a main control factor of a cascade reservoir;
s102, extracting flood encounter representatives of different main streams and tributaries;
s103, establishing a step reservoir combined flood control scheduling scheme set;
s104, constructing a step reservoir combined flood control dispatching fitness function CF ();
s105, initializing a combined flood control initial process of the cascade reservoir;
s106, calculating a combined operation state set of the cascade reservoirs;
and S107, extracting a step combined equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme set.
As shown in fig. 2, the drainage basin flood control scheduling system based on the cascade joint equivalent flood control reservoir capacity according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the target and main control factor identification module 1 is used for identifying the flood control target and the main control factor of the cascade reservoir;
the flood encounter typical extraction module 2 is used for extracting flood encounter typical of different main streams and tributaries;
the flood control dispatching scheme set establishing module 3 is used for establishing a cascade reservoir combined flood control dispatching scheme set;
the fitness function building module 4 is used for building a step reservoir combined flood control dispatching fitness function CF ();
the process initialization module 5 is used for initializing a cascade reservoir combined flood control initial process;
the operation state set calculation module 6 is used for calculating a combined operation state set of the cascade reservoir;
and the flood control storage capacity scheme set extraction module 7 is used for extracting a cascade combined equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme set.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to examples.
The method for dispatching flood control in the drainage basin based on the cascade joint equivalent flood control reservoir capacity comprises the following steps:
(1) Controlled reservoir and scheduling scale selection
The method takes two estuaries, a first-class screen reservoir and a second-beach reservoir of a downstream controlled reservoir in the Yangtze river basin as an embodiment, takes the day as a scheduling period, simulates the combined flood control scheduling of the two estuaries, the first-class screen reservoir and the second-beach reservoir according to a step reservoir combined equivalent flood control capacity strategy flow oriented to flood control safety and comprehensive benefits of the basin, obtains a typical combined equivalent flood control capacity strategy set aiming at floods encountering different dry branches, and selects a typical scheme for comparative analysis so as to show the effect achieved by the method.
(2) Combined equivalent flood control storage capacity solving step
The method comprises the following steps: and identifying flood control targets and main control factors of the cascade reservoir.
The reservoir is an important component of the flood control system in Yangtze river basin. According to integrated planning of Yangtze river basin (2012-2030), integrated planning of Yazhenjiang river basin and joint scheduling and application plan of water engineering of Yangtze river basin in 2020, flood control targets of reservoirs with two river mouths, a first level of screen and two beach steps are as follows: cooperates with the three gorges reservoir to undertake the flood control tasks of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, and reduces the flood control pressure of the lower reaches of the elegant hulling river, the lower reaches of the Jinshajiang river and the river reach of Chuan Yu when necessary. The main control factors are the flood control tasks of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river: the flood in 1954 can be defended, and the flood distribution amount and the use probability of the flood storage area can be reduced. When flood occurs in Jingjiang river channels and the region of Gong Ling rock, river channels and lakes are fully utilized to discharge and accumulate flood, and reservoirs above three gorges are utilized to jointly accumulate flood. Two estuaries, the first level of the brocade screen and the second beach implement a dispatching mode of synchronously retaining the flood with the three gorges reservoir, and the reservoir is properly controlled to discharge.
Step two: extracting flood encounter representatives of different main streams and tributaries;
according to the flood control task of the reservoir at the step of the Yashu river, 7 stations of a Xiaozao rock hydrology station at the two river mouths of the Yashu river, a Jinsha river control station, a climbing flower station, a Yangshan station, a Changjiang river trunk flow Li Zhuangzhan, a cun station, a Yichang station, a spiral mountain station and the like are selected as analysis objects, and the flood encountering rules of the Yashu river and the downstream flood of the Jinsha river, the Sichuan river and the middle and downstream flood of the Yangtze river are analyzed.
1) Flood encounter frequency
Respectively counting the time of the maximum flood in 1959-2018 of 7 control stations and the annual maximum flood frequency of the corresponding Xiao Diao stone station when the annual maximum flood occurs to obtain flood encountering results of the Xiao Diao stone station and hydrological stations such as Panzhihua, yangshan, li Zhuang, cun beach, yichang, spiral mountain and the like, and showing in table 1.
TABLE 1 Yazhenjiang and Changjiang river Dry flood encounter statistics
Through the analysis of flood encounters between the Yashujiang Xiaobei stone station and Jinshajiang climbing flower station, yanshan mountain, li Zhuang and Titan station, the frequency of encounters between Yashujiang flood and Jinshajiang flood is high, and the frequency of occurrence of corresponding Xiaobei stone stations is low when flood occurs below 7d in Yichang station and spiral mountain station every year.
2) Flood composition
The annual maximum flood time of Yichang and spiral mountain stations in 1965-2018 is taken as the main point, and the corresponding time-interval floods of a climbing flower station, a Xiaodelhi station, a Yangshan station, li Zhuangzhan and a shoal station are respectively counted by considering the flood propagation time, so that the annual average annual maximum flood composition conditions of 7 control stations in multiple years are obtained, and the composition conditions are shown in table 2.
Table 2 statistics table of average annual maximum flood composition of multiple control sites
It can be seen that the yamo river flood is one of the main sources of the Jinshajiang river flood and Chuanjiang river flood, but the flood proportion of the yamo river flood in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river is very small, and the flood proportion is close to the area proportion. For the protection objects below the cun shoal, the proportion of the Yazhenjiang flood is small.
According to the analysis of the measured hydrological data in 1965-2018, the whole-watershed flood occurs in the Yangtze river basin in 1998, and is the whole-watershed type flood in the second place of the 20 th century, which is only next to 1954. Although the flood magnitude is less than 1954, the mid-downstream water level is generally higher than 1954, and the highest flood level of a river reach of 360 kilometers exceeds the highest history. Combining the step of the Yashujiang river with the three gorges reservoir to undertake flood control tasks in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, comprehensively considering, selecting the typical flood of the Yashujiang river and the Yangtze river in 1998 to be the most unfavorable, and therefore selecting the typical flood of the 1998 year as the model input.
Step three: and establishing a step reservoir combined flood control scheduling scheme set.
Selecting typical flood of 1998, considering dynamic control indexes of the operating water level of the step reservoir at the downstream of the Yangtze river, and quantitatively analyzing the influence of the step reservoir at the downstream of the Yangtze river on the flood of the middle and the downstream of the Yangtze river by simulating various scheduling schemes of the typical flood. The flood control storage capacity combined reservation scheme is set in table 3, and the four scheduling schemes are respectively:
(1) by adopting the flood control storage capacity combined reservation scheme 1, the operation of flood limiting water level is maintained, and the reservoir does not play a flood blocking role;
(2) adopting a flood control reservoir capacity combined reservation scheme 2, maintaining flood limiting water level operation in an early stage, and synchronously storing flood when three gorges are matched to start to carry out flood blocking on the middle and lower reaches;
(3) a flood control reservoir capacity combined reservation scheme 3 is adopted, flood limiting water level operation is maintained in the early stage, and flood is synchronously blocked and stored when three gorges are matched to start to block flood to the middle and lower reaches;
(4) and (4) adopting a flood control reservoir capacity combined reservation scheme 4, maintaining flood limiting water level operation in an early stage, and synchronously storing flood when three gorges start to block flood to the middle and lower reaches.
TABLE 3 flood control reservoir capacity combined reservation scheme for two river mouths, silk screen first-level and two beach step control reservoir
| Scheme number | Two river mouths | The first level of the silk screen | Beach of the two |
| |
0 | 0 | 0 |
| |
20 | 16 | 9 |
| |
30 | 6 | 9 |
| Scheme 4 | 35 | 3 | 7 |
Step four: and constructing a step reservoir combined flood control dispatching fitness function CF ().
Starting from the uniform flood control scheduling of the reservoir group in the drainage basin, starting from the full play of the combined retaining function of the cascade reservoir and taking the maximum combined retaining flood volume of the cascade reservoir as the main optimization target CF 1 Taking the maximum total power generation TP of the step as a secondary objective function CF 2 The concrete expression is as follows:
in this example, only the typical flood of 1998, n =1, and a total of four schemes m =4, were selected.
Step five: and initializing a combined flood control initial process of the cascade reservoir.
Controlling the process line initial scheme OS according to the flood season water level 0 Namely, the second step reservoir combined flood control scheduling scheme adopts the typical flood of 1998 as the model water supply condition, and obtains the initial scheme OS under the typical flood condition through the flood control scheduling regulation of each reservoir in the flood season 0 The cascade reservoir combines the flood storage capacity and flood control scheduling process, and the flood storage capacity is shown in table 4.
Step six: and (5) calculating a combined operation state set of the cascade reservoirs.
According to the derivation scheme of the 4-step reservoir combined flood control dispatching, the requirements of reservoir flood control dispatching regulations in the flood season are considered, adjustment is carried out according to water balance calculation, and 4 combined flood control dispatching results meeting the water level and flow constraint conditions in different periods of the flood season are obtained, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 1998 Multi-Schedule plan comparative analysis
Step seven: and extracting a step combined equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme set.
In 1998, the sand station started to exceed the warning level at 7 months 2 and exited the warning level at 9 months 4. Considering that the Sanxia reservoir starts to block and store flood in 7 months and 2 days, and the Yayijiang river starts to block and store synchronously. The regulation process is shown in fig. 3.
The first scheme is as follows: the steps at the downstream of Yajiajiang do not play any flood-blocking role.
Scheme two to scheme four: considering the water level of the sand city of 7 months and 2 days, the water level of the sand city will exceed the warning water level 43m, and the method startsStopping flood, and discharging at 6000m at the drainage basin outlet from 2 days 7-9 days 3 3 The total storage flood volume is about 44 hundred million m under the control of/s 3 。
As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the first scheme, the second to fourth schemes have obvious storage effect of the reservoir, and the storage flood volume is about 38.4 to 43.6 hundred million m 3 The second scheme and the third scheme have different scheduling modes, but have basically equivalent influence on the three gorges warehouse-in, while the fourth scheme has the least obvious influence on the flood-blocking effect, and the three gorges warehouse-in flood volume is increased by 5.3 hundred million meters compared with the second scheme and the third scheme 3 . On the other hand, on the premise that the total impounding and surging amount of the stair is not reduced, the total generating capacity of the stair is increased by 7.97 hundred million kWh compared with the second scheme. As can be seen from FIG. 3, when the reserved flood control storage capacity of two river mouths is 20 hundred million meters 3 Increased to 30 hundred million m 3 In time, the total impounding flood volume of the steps is kept unchanged; when the reserved flood control storage capacity of two river mouths is 30 hundred million meters 3 And continuously increasing, wherein the total cascade flood blocking volume is in a decreasing trend, so the third scheme is an inflection point of the change of the total cascade flood blocking volume along with the scheme of reserving flood control reservoir capacity of the cascade reservoir.
In conclusion, the third scheduling scheme is an optimal combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy aiming at typical flood in 1998, and by adopting the scheme, the flood control can effectively defend the adverse conditions encountered by Yajiang river and Yangtze river dry flood.
(3) According to results after implementation of the technical scheme, the optimal combined equivalent flood control strategy fully utilizes the combined regulation and storage capacity of the two estuaries, the first-level screen and the second beach reservoir, and can give consideration to the cascade hydroelectric generation benefit and improve the comprehensive utilization benefit of river basin water resources on the basis of meeting the flood control requirement of the river basin. Fig. 4 and 5 show that the flow process and the water level process of the yamo river outlet and the downstream flood control section of the typical flood optimal combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy in 1998 all meet the flood control requirements of the drainage basin. Therefore, the step reservoir combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy obtained by the invention can meet the actual operation management requirements of the drainage basin flood control system, and has certain engineering practicability.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A drainage basin flood control scheduling method based on step combined equivalent flood control storage capacity comprises the following steps: identifying a cascade reservoir flood control target and main control factors, and extracting flood encounter representatives of different main streams and tributaries, wherein the drainage basin flood control scheduling method based on the cascade joint equivalent flood control reservoir capacity further comprises the following steps:
establishing a step reservoir combined flood control scheduling scheme set;
constructing a step reservoir combined flood control dispatching fitness function CF ();
initializing a step reservoir combined flood control initial process;
calculating a combined operation state set of the cascade reservoirs;
extracting a step combined equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme set;
the step reservoir combined flood control scheduling scheme set is established, and the method comprises the following steps:
setting an initial scheme OS of a flood season water level control process line according to a flood season scheduling mode of each reservoir on the basis of identification of a flood control target and a main control factor of a cascade reservoir 0 (ii) a Combine the flood areas of main and branch to form a result, and use the step reservoir total flood control storage capacity V Total And (3) adjusting the reserved flood control storage capacity of the cascade reservoir in the main flood season by using the fixed step length delta V without changing the principle, deriving the combined flood control dispatching derivation scheme set OS = { OS ] of the M cascade reservoirs 1 ,OS 2 ,…,OS m ,…,OS M }；
The initial step reservoir combined flood control initial process comprises the following steps:
according to the initial scheme OS of the flood season water level control process line 0 Sequentially adopting a typical flood set FS as a model water supply condition, and obtaining an initial scheme OS under different typical flood conditions through flood control scheduling rules f () of each reservoir flood season 0 The combined flood interception and storage amount and flood control dispatching process of the cascade reservoir forms a combined initial flood interception and storage amount set INIV = { INIV = 1 ,INIV 2 ,…,INIV n ,…,INIV N And initial set INIP = { INIP ] in reservoir flood control scheduling process 1 ,INIP 2 ,…,INIP n ,…,INIP N }：
INI n (INIV n ,INIP n )＝f(FS n ,OS 0 ,CF(F 2 ,F 3 ))；
Wherein, FS n Is the nth typical flood, F 1 For the first flood control mission, F 2 For second level flood control tasks, F 3 For a third level flood control mission;
the step reservoir combined flood control dispatching fitness function CF () is constructed, and the method comprises the following steps:
starting from the uniform flood control scheduling of the reservoir group in the drainage basin, starting from the full play of the combined retaining function of the cascade reservoir and taking the maximum combined retaining flood volume of the cascade reservoir as the main optimization target CF 1 Taking the maximum total power generation TP of the step as a secondary objective function CF 2 The expression is as follows:
wherein, CFS n m The total interception and storage flood volume Q of the nth typical flood and the mth combined flood control scheduling scheme t,s The stored water flow rate of the reservoir at the time t,
wherein, TP n m Step total power generation amount, P, of nth typical flood and mth combined flood control scheduling scheme t Representing the generating capacity of the reservoir at the t period;
the method for calculating the combined operation state set of the cascade reservoirs comprises the following steps:
combined flood storage and flood control scheduling process INI in cascade reservoir n (INIV n ,INIP n ) Under the determined condition, according to the combined flood control dispatching derivation scheme of the M cascade reservoirs, considering the requirement of flood control dispatching in the flood season of the reservoirDegree schedule requirements, and the derivative scheme OS may not be met in the initial flood regulation process of the cascade reservoir m Regulating the constraint conditions of water levels and flow rates of different periods of the flood season of the cascade reservoir according to water balance calculation to obtain the nth typical flood and the mth combined flood control scheduling result RES n,m The method comprises the steps of storing flood volume by a step reservoir, and flood peak and flood volume of a river channel where a downstream protection object is located to form a step reservoir combined flood control scheduling result set RES (N multiplied by M); the model constraint conditions are as follows:
(1) reservoir water balance restraint:
V t ＝V t-1 +(I t -Q t -S t )Δt
t＝2,3,...,T；
(2) and (4) constraint of upper and lower limits of storage capacity:
(3) and (3) restricting the upper and lower limits of the ex-warehouse flow:
(4) time interval water level/flow variable amplitude constraint:
(5) scheduling end-of-term water level constraints:
Z c ＝Z g ；
wherein, V t 、I t 、Q t The reservoir capacity, the warehousing flow and the ex-warehouse flow of the reservoir at the t time interval of the dispatching period are respectively; s t Is the flow rate of the water supply;
respectively the upper and lower limits of the water level of the reservoir at the time t;
respectively is the upper and lower limits of the discharge quantity of the reservoir at the time t; the delta Z and the delta Q are respectively the maximum water level amplitude and the flow amplitude allowed in the reservoir time interval; z is a linear or branched member c And Z g Calculating the final water level and the control value of the final water level of the dispatching period for the reservoir respectively;
the step extraction combined equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme set comprises the following steps:
through a fitness function CF (), the combined flood storage capacity CFS and the total cascade power generation TP of a cascade reservoir combined flood control dispatching result set RES (NxM) are statistically analyzed, and a combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy existing in the result set is judged;
(1) If CFS n m >INIV n ，RES n,m Namely a combined equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme JFC n,j ；
(2) If CFS n m <INIV n ，RES n,m Namely a non-union equivalent flood control reservoir capacity scheme NJFC n,k ；
Synthesize equivalent flood control storage scheme in RES (N × M), synthesize a certain typical flood FS n Combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy set JFC n Selecting CFS by comparing the variation relationship between CFS and TP in different schemes in strategy set n m ＝INIV n As a solution to FS n The optimal combined equivalent flood control storage capacity strategy.
2. A drainage basin flood control dispatching system based on a cascade combined equivalent flood control storage capacity, which applies the drainage basin flood control dispatching method based on the cascade combined equivalent flood control storage capacity according to claim 1, wherein the drainage basin flood control dispatching system based on the cascade combined equivalent flood control storage capacity comprises:
the target and master control factor identification module is used for identifying the flood control target and the master control factor of the cascade reservoir;
the flood encounter typical extraction module is used for extracting flood encounter typical of different main streams;
the flood control dispatching scheme set establishing module is used for establishing a cascade reservoir combined flood control dispatching scheme set;
the fitness function building module is used for building a step reservoir combined flood control dispatching fitness function CF ();
the process initialization module is used for initializing a cascade reservoir combined flood control initial process;
the operation state set calculation module is used for calculating a combined operation state set of the step reservoir;
and the flood control storage capacity scheme set extraction module is used for extracting a cascade combined equivalent flood control storage capacity scheme set.
3. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the method for dispatching flood control in a drainage basin based on a cascade federation equivalent flood control reservoir capacity as claimed in claim 1.
4. An information data processing terminal, characterized in that the information data processing terminal comprises a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to execute the method for dispatching flood control in a drainage basin based on cascade federation equivalent flood protection reservoir capacity according to claim 1.
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