CN113589378A - Fault plugging property evaluation method based on three-dimensional seismic data - Google Patents
Fault plugging property evaluation method based on three-dimensional seismic data Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
- G01V2210/622—Velocity, density or impedance
- G01V2210/6226—Impedance
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Abstract
The invention provides a fault plugging property evaluation method based on three-dimensional seismic data, which comprises the following steps: step 1, carrying out structural interpretation of a fault plane based on three-dimensional seismic data to form a fault plane structural diagram; step 2, carrying out wave impedance inversion based on the three-dimensional seismic data and the logging data to form wave impedance inversion volume data; step 3, forming a two-dimensional inversion section perpendicular to the fault trend, and solving the difference D of the wave impedance along two sides of the target layer section; step 4, calibrating by using a known fault oil reservoir, and determining the value range of the wave impedance difference D in the step 3, namely determining the size of the wave impedance difference D during fault plugging; and 5, calculating a wave impedance difference value plane distribution diagram along the fault, and determining the blocking characteristics of the fault on the space. The fault plugging property evaluation method based on the three-dimensional seismic data can effectively evaluate the plugging characteristics of the fault in the coverage area of the three-dimensional seismic data, and provides a new method for evaluating the fault oil reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil field exploration and development, in particular to a fault plugging performance evaluation method based on three-dimensional seismic data.
Background
The detection area of the eastern part of the victory oil field is a plurality of layers such as the middle-shallow layer, the red layer and the like, which develop and build the structural oil reservoir and the structural lithologic oil reservoir widely. The fault plays a crucial role in the oil and gas accumulation process. And fault plugging performance evaluation is an important content in structural trap and structural lithologic trap effectiveness analysis in the well position deployment process. The method mainly uses qualitative analysis lithology butt joint relation as the main method, and then uses a small amount of geological analysis methods, such as a mudstone smearing method, a fault opening and closing coefficient method, a section pressure method and the like. The lithology butt joint method is difficult to quantify, low in precision and strong in operability. The mudstone smearing method has multiple solutions and is not suitable for evaluating the plugging property of a long-term active fault, and the method for quantitative characterization such as fault opening and closing coefficients has the problems of difficult parameter acquisition and poor operability.
At present, three-dimensional seismic data and three-dimensional inversion data based on the three-dimensional seismic data are widely applied, fault imaging is more and more accurate, and the development of a fault plugging seismic evaluation method research has important significance for exploring the pre-exploration in a new area and an old area.
In the application No.: 201510520252.1, relates to a fault plugging property evaluation method based on fluid inclusion surface, comprising: sampling and analyzing the target stratum fluid inclusion to judge the crustal stress direction borne by the fault plane; calculating the positive pressure of the fault surface of the target stratum according to the ground stress direction; and judging fault plugging performance based on the fault surface positive pressure and the target formation fluid pressure. The fault plugging performance judgment is mainly carried out by determining the section pressure and the formation fluid pressure by using the fluid inclusion. The fluid inclusion is mainly based on the coring data of the drilling well, the data acquisition difficulty is high, and the method can only judge the plugging characteristic of the fault at a certain point of the fault, but is difficult to judge the extending direction of the fault to form the plugging characteristic of the whole section of the trapped fault.
In the application No.: 201810087049.3, relates to a fault closure evaluation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence: selecting an evaluation breakpoint needing closure evaluation on a faulted fault of a reservoir stratum, determining each sand-mud stratum of which the corresponding disc surface of the base point slides over the evaluation breakpoint by taking the evaluation breakpoint as a base point, wherein the sand-mud stratum closest to the evaluation breakpoint is a 1 st layer, and the sand-mud stratum farthest from the evaluation breakpoint is an nth layer; determining the thickness delta Z of each sand-mud stratum, wherein delta Zi is the thickness of the ith sand-mud stratum, and i takes values from 1 to n; sequentially acquiring the argillaceous content Vsh of each sand-mud formation sliding through the evaluation breakpoint, wherein the Vshi is the argillaceous content of the sand-mud formation of the ith layer; thirdly, sequentially calculating the weighting coefficients W of the sand-mud formations sliding across the evaluation breaking points; fourthly, calculating a weighted mudstone fault mud ratio WSGR value of the evaluation breakpoint, wherein a specific formula is as follows: wherein L is the total fracture vertical fault distance of the fault at the evaluation fault point and is measured in meters; fifthly, evaluating the sealing performance of the reservoir layer at the evaluation breakpoint position by utilizing the weighted mudstone fault mud ratio WSGR value, wherein when the WSGR value is greater than or equal to 0.6, the fault sealing performance of the evaluation breakpoint position is better, effective plugging can be formed on oil and gas, and the oil and gas layer or the oil-water-containing layer is formed at a high probability; when the WSGR value is less than 0.6, the fault closure of the evaluation breakpoint position is poor, the plugging capability to oil gas is low, and the probability is a water layer; wi is the inverse distance weighting coefficient of the ith sand-mud stratum sliding over the evaluation breakpoint, and the specific formula is as follows: in the formula, Li is the fracture vertical fracture distance from the ith sand-mud stratum sliding over the evaluation breakpoint to the evaluation breakpoint, and the unit is meter. In the application, the thickness of the sand shale stratum is determined mainly according to drilling data, the drilling data are relatively less, only fault plugging performance of an area with relatively high exploration degree can be evaluated, and the method is not suitable for the area with less drilling. Meanwhile, most of the oil-gas containing areas in China are land basins, the transverse change speed of the sand-shale stratum is high, and the thickness precision of the sand-shale stratum determined by extrapolation of surrounding well data is difficult to guarantee.
Therefore, the fault plugging performance evaluation method based on the three-dimensional seismic data is invented, and the technical problems are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fault plugging seismic characterization method which is simple and convenient to apply and utilizes the impedance difference of two disks of waves of a fault to evaluate on the basis of seismic inversion.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: a fault plugging performance evaluation method based on three-dimensional seismic data comprises the following steps: step 1, carrying out structural interpretation of a fault plane based on three-dimensional seismic data to form a fault plane structural diagram; step 2, carrying out wave impedance inversion based on the three-dimensional seismic data and the logging data to form wave impedance inversion volume data; step 3, forming a two-dimensional inversion section perpendicular to the fault trend, and solving the difference D of the wave impedance along two sides of the target layer section; step 4, calibrating by using a known fault oil reservoir, and determining the value range of the wave impedance difference D in the step 3, namely determining the size of the wave impedance difference D during fault plugging; and 5, calculating a wave impedance difference value plane distribution diagram along the fault, and determining the blocking characteristics of the fault on the space.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:
in step 1, three-dimensional seismic data, velocity data and well data of the research area are comprehensively analyzed, and the structure interpretation of the fault plane is carried out according to the three-dimensional seismic data to obtain the structure diagram of the fault plane.
In step 2, based on the three-dimensional seismic data and the logging data, wave impedance inversion is carried out on the basis of fine structure modeling, and a three-dimensional wave impedance data volume containing the target fault is obtained.
In step 3, a two-dimensional wave impedance inversion section is obtained perpendicular to the trend of the fault, the fault on the section is finely implemented, a target layer on one side of the fault is selected to read an average wave impedance value A, a butt-joint layer of the target layer on the other disc of the fault is further determined, a wave impedance value B is read, and a wave impedance difference D between the target layer and the butt-joint layer on the two sides of the fault is obtained, namely D is equal to A-B, wherein A is the wave impedance value of the target layer, and B is the wave impedance value of the butt-joint disc of the target layer.
In step 4, calculating the wave impedance difference value corresponding to the known plugging fault, analyzing the quantitative relation between the corresponding wave impedance difference value and the abundance of the oil gas, determining the wave impedance difference value when the fault is plugged, and determining the wave impedance difference value as a threshold value F.
In step 5, a plane attribute diagram of the wave impedance difference value D of the target layer and the butt joint layer is extracted according to the section structure interpretation result, and finally the blocking characteristic of the fault on the space is determined according to the threshold value F determined in step 4.
According to the fault plugging property evaluation method based on the three-dimensional seismic data, wave impedance inversion is carried out based on a fine structure model, seismic data and logging data on the basis of a fine implementation section structure form, and the wave impedance difference of two sides of a fault is obtained on the basis of an inversion body. Meanwhile, according to the wave impedance difference value corresponding to the known plugging fault, a quantitative relation between the corresponding wave impedance difference value and the abundance of the oil gas is established, and the fault plugging characterization threshold value based on the wave impedance difference value is determined. The method is based on three-dimensional seismic data, makes full use of data such as well logging and the like, and is simple and convenient to apply. The plugging characteristics of the fault can be effectively evaluated in the three-dimensional seismic data coverage area, and a new method is provided for evaluating the fault oil reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a fault plugging property evaluation method based on three-dimensional seismic data according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a fault plane structure diagram in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of the difference D between the wave impedances at both sides of the fault according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a scatter plot of a threshold value for determining fault plugging parameters in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a fault plugging feature in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a fault plugging property evaluation method based on three-dimensional seismic data according to the present invention.
In step 101, carrying out structural interpretation of a fault plane based on three-dimensional seismic data to form a fault plane structural diagram;
comprehensively analyzing three-dimensional seismic data, velocity data and well data of a research area, performing structural interpretation of a fault plane according to the three-dimensional seismic data to obtain a structural diagram of the fault plane, as shown in FIG. 2, and the flow enters step 102;
in step 102, performing wave impedance inversion based on the three-dimensional seismic data and the logging data to form wave impedance inversion volume data;
based on three-dimensional seismic data and well logging data, wave impedance inversion is carried out on the basis of fine structure modeling, and a three-dimensional wave impedance data volume containing a target fault is obtained. The flow proceeds to step 103;
in step 103, forming a two-dimensional inversion section perpendicular to the fault trend, and solving a wave impedance difference value D along two sides of the target layer section, wherein D is A-B, A is the wave impedance value of the target layer, and B is the wave impedance value of the target layer to the pad;
and (3) obtaining a two-dimensional wave impedance inversion section perpendicular to the trend of the fault, finely implementing the fault on the section, selecting a target layer on one side of the fault, reading an average wave impedance value A, further determining a butt joint layer of the target layer on the other disc of the fault, reading a wave impedance value B, and calculating a wave impedance difference D between the target layer and the butt joint layer on the two sides of the fault. The flow proceeds to step 104;
in step 104, calibration is performed by using a known fault reservoir, and the range of the wave impedance difference value D in step 3 is determined, that is, the size of the wave impedance difference value D during fault plugging is determined.
And calculating the wave impedance difference value corresponding to the known plugging fault, analyzing the quantitative relation between the corresponding wave impedance difference value and the abundance of the oil gas, determining the wave impedance difference value when the fault is plugged, and determining the wave impedance difference value as a threshold value F. The flow proceeds to step 105;
in step 105, a wave impedance difference value plane distribution diagram along the fault is calculated, and the blocking characteristics of the fault on the space are defined.
And (4) extracting a plane attribute diagram of the wave impedance difference D of the target layer and the butt joint layer according to the section structure interpretation result, and finally determining the blocking characteristics of the fault on the space according to the threshold value F determined in the step 4.
In an embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional plane structure diagram of an embodiment of the invention, which uses three-dimensional seismic data to perform fine structure interpretation on a target section, and uses velocity data to finally form a sectional structure diagram;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a calculation of a wave impedance difference D between two sides of a fault according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a wave impedance inversion of a target zone is completed based on a fine structure modeling based on three-dimensional seismic data and well logging data, and a wave impedance inversion profile is finally formed; on the basis of a wave impedance inversion section, on two sides of a fault, a wave impedance value A is read along a target layer, an average value B of wave impedance of a butt joint disk is read at the same time, and a wave impedance difference D is calculated, wherein D is A-B.
FIG. 4 is a scatter plot of a threshold value for determining fault plugging parameters in an embodiment of the present invention. By calculating the wave impedance difference value corresponding to the known plugging fault and analyzing the quantitative relation between the corresponding wave impedance difference value and the abundance of the oil gas, the wave impedance difference value when the fault is plugged is determined and determined as a threshold value F.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a fault plugging feature in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. And determining fault plugging characteristics by using the relation between the threshold value F and the wave impedance difference value D to form a fault plugging characteristic plan.
According to the fault plugging property evaluation method based on the three-dimensional seismic data, wave impedance inversion is carried out based on a fine structure model, seismic data and logging data on the basis of a fine implementation section structure form, and the wave impedance difference of two sides of a fault is obtained on the basis of an inversion body. Meanwhile, according to the wave impedance difference value corresponding to the known plugging fault, a quantitative relation between the corresponding wave impedance difference value and the abundance of the oil gas is established, and the fault plugging characterization threshold value based on the wave impedance difference value is determined. The method is based on three-dimensional seismic data, makes full use of data such as well logging and the like, and is simple and convenient to apply. The plugging characteristics of the fault can be effectively evaluated in the three-dimensional seismic data coverage area, and a new method is provided for evaluating the fault oil reservoir. The method has wide popularization and application values in the exploration of the structural oil reservoirs of the sand two-section, sand four-section and hole shop groups.
Claims (6)
1. The fault plugging property evaluation method based on the three-dimensional seismic data is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, carrying out structural interpretation of a fault plane based on three-dimensional seismic data to form a fault plane structural diagram;
step 2, carrying out wave impedance inversion based on the three-dimensional seismic data and the logging data to form wave impedance inversion volume data;
step 3, forming a two-dimensional inversion section perpendicular to the fault trend, and solving the difference D of the wave impedance along two sides of the target layer section;
step 4, calibrating by using a known fault oil reservoir, and determining the value range of the wave impedance difference D in the step 3, namely determining the size of the wave impedance difference D during fault plugging;
and 5, calculating a wave impedance difference value plane distribution diagram along the fault, and determining the blocking characteristics of the fault on the space.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the three-dimensional seismic data, the velocity data and the well data in the study area are comprehensively analyzed, and the structure of the fault plane is interpreted according to the three-dimensional seismic data to obtain the structural diagram of the fault plane.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2, based on the three-dimensional seismic data and the well log data, wave impedance inversion is performed on the basis of fine structure modeling, and a three-dimensional wave impedance data volume containing the target fault is obtained.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, a two-dimensional wave impedance inversion section is obtained perpendicular to the direction of the fault, the fault on the section is finely implemented, a target layer on one side of the fault is selected to read an average wave impedance value a, a butt-joint layer of the target layer on the other disk of the fault is further determined, a wave impedance value B is read, and a wave impedance difference D between the target layer and the butt-joint layer on both sides of the fault is obtained, i.e., D is a-B, where a is the wave impedance value of the target layer and B is the wave impedance value of the target layer to the butt-joint disk.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 4, the wave impedance difference corresponding to the known fault is calculated, the quantitative relationship between the corresponding wave impedance difference and the abundance of oil and gas is analyzed, and the wave impedance difference when the fault is plugged is determined and determined as the threshold F.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 5, a plane attribute map of a wave impedance difference D between the target layer and the butt layer is extracted according to the cross-section structure interpretation result, and the spatial blocking characteristics of the fault are finally defined according to the threshold F determined in step 4.
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