CN113588422B - Testing device and testing method for applying horizontal load and vertical load on single column - Google Patents
Testing device and testing method for applying horizontal load and vertical load on single column Download PDFInfo
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- CN113588422B CN113588422B CN202110901427.9A CN202110901427A CN113588422B CN 113588422 B CN113588422 B CN 113588422B CN 202110901427 A CN202110901427 A CN 202110901427A CN 113588422 B CN113588422 B CN 113588422B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/14—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by dead weight, e.g. pendulum; generated by springs tension
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0033—Weight
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of load test loading, and discloses a test device for applying horizontal load and vertical load on a single column and a test method thereof, wherein the test device comprises a steel beam, a foundation stone, a first steel hinge support, a second steel hinge support, a first steel pipe column, a second steel pipe column, a force sensor device, a connecting rod, a hanging beam, a hanging basket, a test single column, a balancing weight and a force sensor; the first steel hinge support, the second steel hinge support and the foundation stone are arranged on the upper part of the steel beam; the bottom of the first steel pipe column is connected with the first steel hinge support; the second bottom of the steel pipe column is connected with a second steel hinge support; the test single column floats on the foundation stone. The invention can avoid applying additional vertical load to the single test column due to the inclination of the horizontal load, and accurately obtain the horizontal force acting on the single test column when the horizontal load is smaller. The test single column is connected with the steel pipe column through the connecting rod to form a frame structure, so that when the test single column is subjected to horizontal displacement, a vertical load can be stably applied to the test single column, and the P-delta effect on the single column in an actual building can be perfectly simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of load test loading, and particularly relates to a test device for applying a horizontal load and a vertical load on a single column and a test method thereof.
Background
Most of residential buildings in southwest areas of China are in traditional wood structure forms, and wood columns in the structures are floated on foundation stones and directly bear upper loads. The lateral stiffness of the wood column is low, the wood column has the characteristics of large lateral displacement and low bearing capacity, the lateral bearing capacity is only 0.2 kN to 0.5 kN, the vertical load of the wood column is large and is about 10 kN to 20 kN, and therefore the P-delta effect has great influence on the wood column in a single-column rotational stiffness research test. Meanwhile, in a horizontal load test of the wooden pillar, when the actuator is pushed and pulled horizontally, the inclination angle of the actuator is larger due to larger lateral displacement. At the moment, the self weight of the actuator and the inclination of the actuator can apply additional vertical load to the test single column, and the influence caused by the additional vertical load cannot be ignored. In addition, because experimental single-column floats and puts on foundatin stone when carrying out vertical loading to the single-column, the post is unstable, easily takes place the outer phenomenon of collapsing of face.
At present, when horizontal load is applied to a single column, an actuator is usually directly acted on the single column, and the influence of the actuator on the additional vertical load of the single column to be tested is not considered. When vertical load is applied to a single column, a common jack loading mode is unstable, and the face is easy to collapse. And the jack is loaded along the axis direction of the single column in the process, so that the P-delta effect of the single column is ignored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a testing device and a testing method thereof for applying horizontal load and vertical load on a single column, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art, so that when the tested single column has large horizontal displacement, the additional vertical load applied to the tested single column due to the self weight of an actuator and the inclination of the actuator can be avoided, and the horizontal force acting on the tested single column can be accurately obtained when the horizontal load is small. And by constructing a frame structure, the vertical load can be stably applied when the single column to be tested is subjected to horizontal displacement, and the P-delta effect on the single column in the actual building is perfectly simulated. Meanwhile, the horizontal load loading height can be flexibly adjusted according to the test requirements of different test models, and the universalization of different test models is realized.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a test apparatus for applying horizontal and vertical loads to a single column, comprising:
the steel beam is positioned at the bottommost part of the whole device and is horizontally arranged;
the foundation stone is connected with the steel beam through a shear key;
the test single column vertically floats and is placed on the foundation stone;
the steel pipe column II is vertically arranged on the steel beam and is positioned on one side of the test single column, and the bottom end of the steel pipe column II is connected with the steel beam through a second steel hinge support;
the connecting rod is horizontally connected between the upper part of the test single column and the upper part of the second steel pipe column, one end of the connecting rod is hinged with the test single column, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the second steel pipe column;
the first steel pipe column is vertically arranged on the steel beam and located on the other side of the single test column, the bottom end of the first steel pipe column is connected with the steel beam through a first steel hinge support, and the first steel pipe column is used for applying force in the horizontal direction to the single test column;
and the vertical loading mechanism is used for applying a vertical load to the test single column and comprises a first mounting beam arranged at the top end of the test single column and a second mounting beam arranged at the two top ends of the steel pipe column, and the two ends of the two mounting beams are respectively connected with a load with adjustable weight through connecting ropes.
One side of the first steel pipe column close to the single test column is connected with the single test column through a force sensing device.
The force sensing device includes: the device comprises a force sensor and a force transmission frame, wherein one end of the force sensor is connected with the first steel pipe column, the other end of the force sensor is connected with the force transmission frame, and the other end of the force transmission frame is hinged with the test single column.
The weight-adjustable load is a hanging basket, and a cavity for placing a balancing weight is arranged in the hanging basket.
One side of the first steel pipe column, which is far away from the single test column, is hinged with an actuator.
And a steel plate is welded on one side edge of the steel pipe column, holes connected with the connecting rod are reserved in the second steel pipe column, and the steel plate and the holes are arranged at intervals of h meters.
A test method of a test device for applying horizontal load and vertical load on a single column adopts the test device,
firstly, applying a vertical load to a test single column by adjusting a load with adjustable weight;
secondly, applying a horizontal external force to one side, far away from the single test column, of the first steel pipe column, wherein the horizontal external force sequentially transfers a horizontal force through the force sensor, the force transfer frame, the connecting rod and the second steel pipe column to apply a horizontal load to the single test column, and accurately reading the horizontal load borne by the single test column through the force sensor;
the test single column, the steel pipe column II and the connecting rod are connected to form a frame structure, and the second steel hinge support at the bottom of the steel pipe column II enables the test device to limit the outer collapse of the test single column surface on the premise of not influencing the rotation rigidity performance of the test single column to form a stable structure;
vertical load is applied through the mounting beam and the load with adjustable weight, the single column test single column can be prevented from collapsing out of a plane when the single column test is subjected to horizontal displacement, meanwhile, the vertical direction stable loading is kept, and the P-delta effect on the single column in an actual building is simulated.
Before the test single column is placed in the foundation stone for horizontal loading, according to the mechanical parameters, such as: the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio are calculated by numerical simulation, and the size of the horizontal displacement required when the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio are damaged is calculated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention meets the loading requirement of the horizontal load of the single column in the test. The column has large lateral displacement and low bearing capacity, and the P-Delta effect has great influence on the test result. The horizontal load applied by the invention is transferred to the component through the steel pipe column, the force sensor and the force transfer frame, so that the self weight of the actuator under large displacement and the additional vertical load applied to the component due to the inclination of the actuator are avoided; and meanwhile, the force sensor is used for reading, so that the test value can be accurately obtained when the horizontal load is small.
Secondly, the invention meets the loading requirement of the vertical load of the single column to be tested. According to the invention, the test single column and the second steel pipe column are connected to form a frame structure, and the baffle and the hinging device at the bottom of the second steel pipe column limit the out-of-plane collapse of the test single column on the premise of not influencing the rotation rigidity performance of the test single column to form a stable structure; vertical load is applied through the mounting beam, so that the out-of-plane collapse of the single test column can be avoided when the single test column is subjected to horizontal displacement, stable loading in the vertical direction is kept, and the P-delta effect on the single test column in an actual building is perfectly simulated.
Thirdly, the invention can flexibly adjust the loading quality of the vertical load and realize large load loading by adopting a small amount of mass blocks. The hanging basket is provided with a reserved hole, and the lifting lug is fixed on the hanging basket through a bolt and a nut. The lifting lug can be eccentrically arranged, the position of the lifting lug on the hanging basket is changed, under the condition of large vertical load, the vertical loading is realized by adopting fewer mass blocks, and the height of the hanging basket is reduced.
The invention can flexibly adjust the horizontal load loading height according to the test requirements of different component models, and realizes the generalization of different test models. According to the height of the test model, the steel plate welded on one side of the prefabricated steel pipe column and the holes connected with the connecting rod in the prefabricated steel pipe column II are all arranged at intervals of h meters, so that the height of a horizontal load acting on the test single column is flexibly adjusted by the increment of h meters, and the test requirements of different test models are met.
The invention can be repeatedly used, thereby reducing the test cost. The arrangement of the foundation stone and the steel pipe column can be changed, the same load applying device is utilized to carry out a frame structure test, the construction cost of the device is shared, and therefore the test investment is reduced.
And sixthly, the invention can realize large-displacement horizontal loading by adjusting the height of the position of an external actuator of the steel pipe column. Lateral displacement borne by structures with lower lateral rigidity such as a wood frame is larger when the structures are damaged, and horizontal displacement borne by the test single column can be increased in equal proportion by reducing the position of the external actuator.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the testing device for horizontal load and vertical load acting on a single column.
FIG. 2 is a front view, partially in section, of one embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged front view of a portion of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged right side view of a portion a of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged right side view of a portion b of fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged front view of a portion c of fig. 2.
FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged top view of the portion c in FIG. 2
FIG. 8 is a detail view of the connection between the hanging basket and the lifting lug.
In the figure, 1 steel beam, 2 steel pipe column I, 3 foundation stones, 4 test single columns, 5 connecting rods, 6 hanging baskets, 7 steel pipe column II, 8-1 first steel hinge support, 8-2 second steel hinge support, 9 bolt I, 10 pin shaft II, 11-1 first hanging beam, 11-2 second hanging beam, 12 pin shaft IV, 13 bolt III, 14 pin shaft III, 15 bolt II, 16 force transmission frame, 17 threaded rod, 18 pin shaft I, 19 actuator, 20 balancing weight, 21 lifting lug, 22 force sensor and 23 baffle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative of the invention and not as limiting the scope of the invention.
The steel beam 1, the first steel hinge support 8-1, the second steel hinge support 8-2, the first steel pipe column 2, the second steel pipe column 7, the connecting rod 5, the hanging basket 6, the lifting lug 21, the force transmission frame 16, the first hanging beam 11-1 and the second hanging beam 11-2 are all prefabricated in a factory. The manufacturing adopts a matching prefabrication method to ensure matching surface matching among devices and ensure that the position and the size of the hole correspond to the position and the size of the connecting rod.
Specifically, the dowel frame 16 includes two steel plates and a T-shaped steel bar, the T-shaped steel bar is formed by welding a threaded rod to the center of the steel bar, the T-shaped steel bar penetrates through the two steel plates, and the tail end of the T-shaped steel bar is connected with a hexagon nut.
The foundation stone 3 is formed by grouting and pouring on the steel beam 1, and the concrete is preferably positioned by adopting a template during pouring.
The invention relates to a test device for applying horizontal load and vertical load on a single column, which comprises the following specific construction processes:
step 1: welding a baffle plate 23 at the joint of the steel beam 1 and the foundation stone 3, presetting shear keys, and grouting and pouring concrete to form the foundation stone 3;
fixing a first steel hinge support 8 with holes formed in the periphery on the steel beam 1 through a first bolt 9 and a hexagon nut;
the mounting beam 11 is fixed with the test single column 4 through a third pin shaft 14 and a second bolt 15, and is fixed with the second steel pipe column 7 through a fourth pin shaft 12 and a third bolt 13;
the lifting lugs 21 are fixed on the hanging basket 6 through bolts and nuts, and it should be noted that the lifting lugs 21 are arranged eccentrically, so that the vertical load is distributed on the test single column 4 more, the using amount of the balancing weights 20 is reduced, and the overall height of the hanging basket 6 is reduced.
Step 2: the bottoms of the first steel pipe column 2 and the second steel pipe column 7 are welded with steel hinge supports, holes are reserved in the steel hinge supports, the holes are horizontally aligned with the holes of the first steel hinge support 8, the second pin shaft 10 penetrates through the holes, and a part of rod length is reserved at the tail end of the second pin shaft 10 after the pin shaft 10 penetrates through the holes, as shown in fig. 3 and 4; the test single column 4 is floated on the foundation stone 3;
and 3, step 3: holes on two sides of the two connecting rods 5 penetrate through the third pin shaft 14 and the fourth pin shaft 12 and stretch across the top of the test model, and the test single column 4 is connected with the second steel pipe column 7 through the connecting rods 5;
a threaded rod in the center of the force transmission frame 16 is in threaded connection with the force sensor 22, the two steel plates penetrate through the third pin shaft 14, and the force transmission frame 16 is located on the left side face of the test single column 4; the threaded rod 17 penetrates through a reserved hole of the first steel pipe column 2, the tail end of the threaded rod is connected with a hexagonal nut, and the threaded rod 17 is connected with the force sensor 22 through threads; the first steel pipe column 2, the single test column 4 and the second steel pipe column 7 are connected through a threaded rod 17, a force sensor 22, a force transmission frame 16 and a connecting rod 5 to form a frame structure;
and 4, step 4: hoisting the actuator 19 to the designed height, enabling the pin shaft I18 to penetrate through a hole reserved in a welded steel plate on the first steel pipe column 2, and fixing the actuator 19 on the side face of the first steel pipe column 2 through a hexagon nut; and placing a balancing weight 20 in the hanging basket 6, and connecting the hanging basket 6 with the hanging beam 11 by a connecting device through the lifting lugs 21 and the lifting lugs of the hanging beam 11.
The invention relates to a test method of a test device for applying horizontal load and vertical load on a single column, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing a balancing weight 20 with required mass in a hanging basket 6, enabling a connecting device to penetrate through 4 lifting lugs 21, lifting the hanging basket 6 to a designed height, and applying vertical load to the test single column 4;
step 2: the first steel pipe column 2 transmits horizontal force through the force sensor 22, the force transmission frame 16, the connecting rod 5 and the second steel pipe column 7 under the driving of the external actuator 19, applies horizontal load to the single test column 4, and accurately reads the horizontal load borne by the single test column 4 through the force sensor;
the connecting device passing through the lifting lug 21 and the lifting lug of the hanging beam 11 can adopt a chain block, an electric block, a chain block, a lifting sling and the like.
Specifically, before the test single column 4 is placed on the foundation stone 3 for horizontal loading, the mechanical parameters are required to be as follows: the elastic modulus, the Poisson ratio and the like calculate the required horizontal displacement when the damage is generated through numerical simulation, thereby providing a reference for the horizontal displacement applied by the test.
The test method for applying the horizontal load and the vertical load on the single column has the advantages of simple structural design, convenience and rapidness in operation and safe and controllable process.
The technical means disclosed in the scheme of the invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical means formed by any combination of the above technical features.
Claims (5)
1. A test device for applying horizontal and vertical loads to a single column, comprising:
the steel beam is positioned at the bottommost part of the whole device and is horizontally arranged;
the foundation stone is connected with the steel beam through a shear key;
the test single column vertically floats and is placed on the foundation stone;
the second steel pipe column is vertically arranged on the steel beam and is positioned on one side of the single test column, and the bottom end of the second steel pipe column is connected with the steel beam through a second steel hinge support;
the connecting rod is horizontally connected between the upper part of the test single column and the upper part of the second steel pipe column, one end of the connecting rod is hinged with the test single column, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the second steel pipe column;
the first steel pipe column is vertically arranged on the steel beam and located on the other side of the single test column, the bottom end of the first steel pipe column is connected with the steel beam through a first steel hinge support, and the first steel pipe column is used for applying horizontal force to the single test column;
the vertical loading mechanism is used for applying vertical load to the test single column and comprises a first mounting beam arranged at the top end of the test single column and a second mounting beam arranged at the second top end of the steel pipe column, and two ends of the two mounting beams are respectively connected with a load with adjustable weight through connecting ropes;
one side of the first steel pipe column, which is close to the single test column, is connected with the single test column through a force sensing device;
the force sensing device includes: the device comprises a force sensor and a force transmission frame, wherein one end of the force sensor is connected with the first steel pipe column, the other end of the force sensor is connected with the force transmission frame, the other end of the force transmission frame is hinged with the test single column, and an actuator is hinged to one side, far away from the test single column, of the first steel pipe column.
2. The apparatus for testing horizontal and vertical loads on a single column of claim 1, wherein the weight adjustable load is a basket with a cavity for placing a weight block.
3. The test device for applying the horizontal load and the vertical load to the single column according to claim 1, wherein a steel plate is welded to one side edge of the steel pipe column, holes connected with the connecting rods are reserved in the second steel pipe column, and the steel plate and the holes are arranged at intervals of h meters.
4. A test method of a test device for applying horizontal load and vertical load on a single column is characterized in that the test device of claim 1~3 is adopted,
firstly, applying a vertical load to a test single column by adjusting a load with adjustable weight;
secondly, applying a horizontal external force to one side, far away from the single test column, of the first steel pipe column, wherein the horizontal external force sequentially transfers a horizontal force through the force sensor, the force transfer frame, the connecting rod and the second steel pipe column to apply a horizontal load to the single test column, and accurately reading the horizontal load borne by the single test column through the force sensor;
the test single column, the steel pipe column II and the connecting rod are connected to form a frame structure, and the second steel hinge support at the bottom of the steel pipe column II enables the test device to limit the outer collapse of the test single column surface on the premise of not influencing the rotation rigidity performance of the test single column, so that a stable structure is formed;
vertical load is applied through the mounting beam and the load with adjustable weight, the single column test single column can be prevented from collapsing out of a plane when the single column test is subjected to horizontal displacement, meanwhile, the vertical direction stable loading is kept, and the P-delta effect on the single column in an actual building is simulated.
5. The test method of the test device for applying the horizontal load and the vertical load on the single column according to claim 4, wherein the test single column is placed before horizontal loading is performed on the foundation stone, and the size of the horizontal displacement required when the test single column is damaged is calculated through numerical simulation according to the mechanical parameters of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio.
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| CN202110901427.9A CN113588422B (en) | 2021-08-06 | 2021-08-06 | Testing device and testing method for applying horizontal load and vertical load on single column |
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| CN202110901427.9A CN113588422B (en) | 2021-08-06 | 2021-08-06 | Testing device and testing method for applying horizontal load and vertical load on single column |
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| DE1901363C3 (en) * | 1969-01-11 | 1973-11-22 | H.A. Waldrich Gmbh, 5900 Siegen | Arrangement for correcting the position of cross members on two-column machine tools |
| RU2416696C2 (en) * | 2008-07-21 | 2011-04-20 | ГОУ ВПО Пензенский государственный университет архитектуры и строительства | Method to control displacement, setting and heeling of structure by piled foundations, being macroregulators |
| CN103033385B (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2015-02-25 | 河海大学 | Device and method of self-balancing portable automatic control shear wall horizontal vertical load common effect performance test |
| CN204789157U (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-11-18 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Static test device about anti performance research that collapses of beam column minor structure |
| CN105466758B (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2018-05-08 | 重庆大学 | The loading device and method that frictional influence can be eliminated and column axial force can be controlled |
| CN106124151B (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-09-04 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Extra-high voltage direct-current single-column composite post insulator shock test device and its test method |
| CN108389463A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-08-10 | 天津城建大学 | A kind of loading system suitable for armored concrete beam test practical teaching |
| CN210513606U (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-05-12 | 中铁城建集团有限公司 | Test loading device for T-shaped steel skeleton section steel concrete complex node |
| CN111272582B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2022-11-08 | 中国建筑股份有限公司 | System and method for testing structure one-way compression shear static force |
| CN112577688A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-03-30 | 三东筑工（德州）有限公司 | Horizontal follow-up vertical reaction frame |
| CN113155604B (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-03-08 | 东南大学 | Portable multifunctional single-column mechanical property testing machine and testing method |
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