CN113588209A - Experimental device and method for phosphorus flux water tank in river - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for phosphorus flux water tank in river Download PDFInfo
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- CN113588209A CN113588209A CN202110870821.0A CN202110870821A CN113588209A CN 113588209 A CN113588209 A CN 113588209A CN 202110870821 A CN202110870821 A CN 202110870821A CN 113588209 A CN113588209 A CN 113588209A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 294
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a phosphorus flux water tank experimental device in a river, which relates to the technical field of research on phosphorus flux of rivers and comprises a water tank, wherein a plurality of partition plates are arranged in the water tank, the water tank is divided into a plurality of compartments by the plurality of partition plates, the compartments are sequentially communicated end to end, and fillers can be filled in the compartments; the water tank is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and flow control valves are respectively arranged on the water inlet and the water outlet; the water tank is also provided with a sampling port, and the sampling port is provided with a flow control valve. The invention also discloses an experimental method of the phosphorus flux water tank in the river. The invention adopts an indoor rotary water tank experiment to research the influence of various factors on the phosphorus flux on the interface of the river overlying water body and the sediment, and has theoretical and engineering significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of research on river phosphorus flux, in particular to a phosphorus flux water tank experimental device and method in a river.
Background
The importance of phosphorus to river ecosystems has been extensively studied. River sediment is an important storage bank of phosphorus in a river ecosystem, and the exchange capacity (phosphorus flux for short) of phosphorus-containing substances between the river sediment and overlying water is an important component of phosphorus circulation in the river ecosystem. The research on the phosphorus flux can be used for establishing a river water quality ecological model, and provides a theoretical basis and a research tool for researching a river ecological system and solving the problems of river black and odorous and eutrophication.
For a long time, research on phosphorus flux depends on field observation and indoor still water experiments, and research areas are mainly focused on lakes, on one hand, because environmental events such as lake eutrophication and the like are frequent, and on the other hand, because the research environments of the lakes are relatively stable relative to the dynamic water environment and artificial interference of rivers. However, in recent years, along with the development of urbanization, the degree of river blackness and odor and eutrophication is increased, and the research on the phosphorus flux of rivers is more important.
Studies have shown that phosphorus flux is affected by hydrodynamic forces, silt movement, water composition and biological activity. The method is limited by complicated observation conditions and more manual interventions in the field of riverways, the previous research on the phosphorus flux is concentrated on the experiments of lakes and still water, and the research on the phosphorus flux in the dynamic water environment is lacked, which is the main characteristic that the research on the phosphorus flux of rivers is different from the research on the phosphorus flux of lakes. The water tank experiment has a long history in river water dynamics, sediment motion mechanics and water ecology, and is increasingly paid attention to river ecology students in recent years due to the capability of communicating different subjects, so that more water tank experiments are applied to the research of river ecology problems.
Phosphorus flux between river sediment and an overlying water body interface has important significance for the research of a river ecosystem, and is influenced by hydrodynamic environment, sediment environment, water quality environment, biological environment and the like.
Hydrodynamic environment: flow rate and water level variations;
the sediment environment: dry-wet variations and sediment sources;
water quality environment: exogenous input and biochemical composition;
the biological environment is as follows: the constitution of benthic organism community;
there have been two suggestions for applying the basin experiment in the river ecology, one of which considers that the basin experiment can control various variables to achieve the separation of physical and biological processes, thereby facilitating the research of the river ecosystem, and the other considers that the basin experiment is constructed in a non-natural environment in which the biological reaction cannot reflect the river ecosystem. The disputes are related to the attention direction of researchers, and generally, the students who study hydrodynamic force and silt pay attention to the change of physical environment, while the students who study ecology need to take into account both biological and physical backgrounds. In fact, the two suggestions are not wrong, because the basin experiment cannot simulate nature, even if a small-size micro environment is simulated, the experimental water tank cannot be reproduced in a hundred percent. Therefore, compared with the field observation for directly researching the natural environment, the sink experiment is more concerned with the verification hypothesis. It is difficult and expensive to verify microscopic hypotheses through field observations and to discover macroscopic phenomena through sink experiments.
The current application of flume experiments in ecology is focused on the following fields:
(1) basic studies of biodiversity (Leonardet al 1998; Shimeta et al 2001));
(2) transport and accumulation of particulate matter or contaminants (Butman et al.1994; Nepf et al.1997; Widdows et al.2000));
(3) biodynamics (Denny et al 1985; Riisgard and Larsen 1995));
(4) coastal erosion (Moller et al 1999);
(5) biofouling (Berntsson et al 2001).
Despite the different research directions, researchers are increasingly aware that the constraints of different types of tanks are applicable to the study of different scale problems. Jonsson et al (2006) compare the hydrodynamic force application ranges of 12 different types of water tanks in Europe, and consider that linear and racetrack water tanks are more similar to the natural environment than annular water tanks, but the experimental segment of the annular water tank is far greater than that of the linear and racetrack water tanks. Rice et al (2010) discussed the design method of a interdisciplinary flume experiment, which is believed to have the following six problems in communicating river geomorphology, river ecology and water conservancy: (1) how simplified is the research question? (2) How to characterize species diversity? (3) How to distinguish between individual and group responses? (4) How to evaluate the scale effect? (5) How to break practical and measurement-technical limitations? (6) How to compare and integrate experimental data with field observation data and numerical simulation data?
The research on the phosphorus flux between the river sediment and the overlying water body interface is of great significance to the research on the river ecosystem and is influenced by hydrodynamic environment, sediment environment, water quality environment, biological environment and the like.
The invention adopts a water tank experiment to research the relation between the phosphorus flux and the hydrodynamic force, the silt, the water quality and the biological activity on the interface of the overlying water body and the sediment of the river, and has theoretical and engineering significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a river phosphorus flux water tank experimental device and a river phosphorus flux water tank experimental method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, and have theoretical and engineering significance for researching the influence of various factors on phosphorus flux on the interface of an overlying water body and sediments of a river by adopting an indoor rotary water tank experiment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a phosphorus flux water tank experimental device in a river, which comprises a water tank, wherein a plurality of partition plates are arranged in the water tank, the water tank is divided into a plurality of compartments by the plurality of partition plates, the compartments are sequentially communicated end to end, and fillers can be filled in the compartments; the water tank is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and flow control valves are respectively arranged on the water inlet and the water outlet; the water tank is also provided with a sampling port, and the sampling port is provided with a flow control valve.
Preferably, the water tank is of a cuboid structure, and is 160cm long, 100cm wide and 50cm high; the top of water tank is provided with the opening, the water tank all around and the bottom adopt organic glass to make.
Preferably, the water tank is internally and evenly provided with three partition plates, the water tank is equally divided into four compartments by the three partition plates, and the partition plates are parallel to the long edges of the water tank.
Preferably, the partition plate is made of organic glass, and is 130cm long, 0.05m wide and 0.5m high.
Preferably, one end of the partition plate is connected with the inner wall of the water tank, a gap is reserved between the other end of the partition plate and the inner wall of the water tank, and two adjacent compartments are communicated through the gap; the plurality of the partition plates are arranged in a staggered manner.
Preferably, a group of sampling ports is arranged in the middle of the long side of the water tank, a plurality of groups of sampling ports are arranged on the short side of the water tank, and each group of sampling ports on the short side corresponds to one compartment; every group the sampling port all from top to bottom the equipartition has a plurality ofly.
Preferably, the thickness of the filler in the water tank is not more than half of the height of the water tank, and the distance between the liquid level of the overlying water body in the water tank and the top of the water tank is not less than 0.05 m;
the filler is sediment, benthic plants or microorganisms, and the particle size of the filler in each compartment is different.
Preferably, pore water samplers are embedded in the vertical middle part and the bottom part of the filler at the inlet of the water tank, the joint of the adjacent compartments and the outlet of the water tank;
thermometers are arranged in the filler and the water in the water tank.
The invention also discloses a phosphorus flux water tank experimental method in a river, which comprises the following steps:
simulating a flowing water environment, paving a filler sample at the bottom of the water tank, injecting water to an experimental elevation, setting the flowing speed of a water body in the water tank through a circulating pump, and collecting a water sample after the speed is stable;
simulating an artificial dam, paving a filler sample at the bottom of a water tank, arranging a water retaining device in front of a test section in the water tank, injecting water to an experimental elevation, starting the water retaining device and a circulating pump, and collecting a water sample and a sediment surface soil sample after the flow rate is stable;
simulating dry-wet change, firstly laying a filler sample at a test section at the bottom of a water tank, injecting water to an experimental elevation, collecting water samples, then repeatedly collecting the water samples every set time, and repeating twice; then draining water to enable the water surface to be lowered to a muddy water interface, standing, and collecting a water sample; and then injecting water to enable the water surface to reach the experimental elevation, standing and collecting a water sample.
Preferably, the dynamic water environment comprises a low-speed flowing environment, a medium-speed flowing environment and a high-speed flowing environment, the flowing speed of the water body in the low-speed flowing environment is 0.05m/s, the flowing speed of the water body in the medium-speed flowing environment is 0.1m/s, and the flowing speed of the water body in the high-speed flowing environment is 0.25 m/s;
the artificial dam comprises two modes of dam drainage and barrage drainage, wherein the two modes of dam drainage and barrage drainage correspond to a fully opened state and a partially opened state of the water retaining device;
the dry-wet changes include short-term changes and long-term changes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the experimental device and the method for the phosphorus flux water tank in the river provided by the invention have theoretical and engineering significance by adopting an indoor rotary water tank experiment to research the influence of various factors such as hydrodynamic force, sediment, water quality, biology and the like on the phosphorus flux on the interface of the water body covering the river and the sediment;
the invention forms a communicated water channel with the maximum effective length of 6m by the staggered arrangement of the clapboards, and is used for simulating a river channel; the four compartments in the water tank can be filled with sediments, benthic plants or microorganisms with different particle sizes, so that the experimental efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a top view of a phosphorus flux sink experimental setup in a river according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the experimental apparatus of the phosphorus flux water tank in a river according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the experimental apparatus of the phosphorus flux water tank in a river according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a right side view of the experimental apparatus of the phosphorus flux water tank in a river according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-water tank, 2-partition board, 3-water outlet, 4-water inlet, and 5-sampling port.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for a phosphorus flux water tank experiment in a river, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, and have theoretical and engineering significance for researching the influence of various factors on phosphorus flux on the interface of an overlying water body and sediments of the river by adopting an indoor rotary water tank experiment.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the present embodiment provides an experimental apparatus for flux of phosphorus in river, including a water tank 1, a plurality of partition plates 2 are disposed in the water tank 1, the plurality of partition plates 2 divide the water tank 1 into a plurality of compartments, the plurality of compartments are sequentially connected end to end, and the compartments can be filled with fillers; the water tank 1 is provided with a water inlet 4 and a water outlet 3, flow control valves are respectively arranged on the water inlet 4 and the water outlet 3, and the water inlet 4 can be connected with a circulating pump to provide power for water body flow and control the water body flow velocity; the water tank 1 is also provided with a sampling port 5, the sampling port 5 is provided with a flow control valve, and a sample can be collected through the sampling port 5 so as to be measured and carry out data recording on the measured data.
In the embodiment, the water tank 1 is a cuboid structure, and the water tank 1 has the length of 160cm, the width of 100cm and the height of 50 cm; the top of the water tank 1 is provided with an opening, and the periphery and the bottom of the water tank 1 are made of organic glass.
In the embodiment, three partition plates 2 are uniformly distributed in the water tank 1, the three partition plates 2 divide the water tank 1 into four compartments, and the partition plates 2 are arranged in parallel to the long edges of the water tank 1; wherein, the clapboard 2 is made of organic glass, and the clapboard 2 has the length of 130cm, the width of 0.05m and the height of 0.5 m.
In the embodiment, one end of the partition board 2 is connected with the inner wall of the water tank 1, a gap is reserved between the other end of the partition board 2 and the inner wall of the water tank 1, and two adjacent compartments are communicated through the gap; a plurality of baffles 2 are arranged in a staggered manner, and water channels with the maximum effective length of 6m and communicated with each other are formed by arranging the baffles 2 in a staggered manner and are used for simulating river channels.
In the embodiment, a group of sampling ports 5 is arranged in the middle of the long side of the water tank 1, a plurality of groups of sampling ports 5 are arranged on the short side of the water tank 1, and each group of sampling ports 5 on the short side corresponds to one compartment; every group sampling port 5 all has a plurality ofly from top to bottom the equipartition, forms layering leachate outlet, gathers and covers water sample and sedimentary deposit hole water sample.
Specifically, a group of sampling ports 5 are arranged in the middle of the long side of the water tank 1, a group of sampling ports 5 are arranged on the short side of the water tank 1 at equal intervals, and ten layered leachate outlets are arranged, and independent flow control valves are mounted on the ten layered leachate outlets and can be selectively used; the positions and the distances of the holes are determined according to the water intake and the material of the water tank 1, and the distance of the designed holes is not more than 0.1m, namely the number of the holes at each position is not less than 5. Wherein, the short side of the left side of the water tank 1 is provided with a water inlet 4 and a water outlet 3, and a sampling port 5 can not be arranged any more.
In the embodiment, sediment, benthic plants or microorganisms are adopted as the fillers, and the particle size of the fillers in each compartment is different, so that the experimental efficiency is improved; the thickness of the filler in the water tank 1 is not more than half of the height of the water tank 1, and the distance between the liquid level of the overlying water body in the water tank 1 and the top of the water tank 1 is not less than 0.05 m.
The embodiment also discloses a phosphorus flux water tank experimental method in a river, which comprises the following steps:
collecting surface sediments of a river channel of a certain place as fillers, filling the surface sediments into the bottoms of two middle test sections of the water tank 1, manually floating, wherein the thickness of the sediments in the water tank 1 is not more than half of the height of the water tank 1, namely the thickness range of the sediments is 0-0.25 m, the distance between the liquid level of the overlying water body and the top of the water tank 1 is not less than 0.05m, namely the depth range of the overlying water body is 0.2-0.45 m, and the internal volume of the water tank 1 is 0.725m3(minus the volume occupied by the partition 2).
In the embodiment, pore water samplers are embedded in the vertical middle part and the bottom of the filler at the inlet of the water tank 1, the joint of adjacent compartments and the outlet of the water tank 1; a thermometer is provided both in the filling and in the water tank 1.
Starting a circulating pump after the water body in the water tank is filled to the experimental elevation, measuring the flow velocity distribution at the position 0.05m away from the side wall and 20% of the water depth from the water surface under the conditions of 0.05m/s and 0.25m/s of flow velocity by using ADV respectively, and analyzing the turbulent fluctuation intensity distribution of the water tank and the development condition of a boundary layer according to the literature (Jonsson, Van Duren et al 2006).
Hydrodynamic measurement parameters and observation scheme:
ADV is adopted to measure the water depth flow velocity of 0.05m from the bottom and 20% from the water surface, and four time sequences are measured: at 0.05 and 0.25m/s, at a height of 0.05m from the mud surface, at 20% water depth, each time series was sampled at a frequency of 25 hz for a duration of at least 330 seconds for spectral analysis to calculate the fluctuations in flow rate in the water tank.
Sediment measurement parameters and observation protocol:
and measuring the turbidity of the water body by adopting ADV, estimating the suspension of the silt, and recording the elevation change of an overlying water body-sediment interface.
Water quality measurement parameters and observation scheme:
there are two methods:
(1) adopting soil pore water;
(2) adopting a film diffusion gradient technology (hereinafter referred to as DGT technology);
the diffusion model method is a method for calculating the phosphorus diffusion flux of the sediment-water interface by means of Fick's first law. The thin film diffusion gradient technology (hereinafter referred to as DGT technology) is a set of high-resolution in-situ passive sampling technology established by professor Davison in the United kingdom in 1994, and can obtain the spatial distribution information of free-state ions and other effective states in situ. Zhang and other ferrihydrite gel DGT developed by taking ferrihydrite as a diffusion layer binding phase are successfully applied to profile distribution analysis of active phosphorus in sediment pore water; subsequently, Ding et al developed Zr-oxide DGT on the basis of the previous research, effectively increased the DGT capacity, and expanded the monitoring results from one-dimensional scale to two-dimensional scale; in the embodiment, Zr-oxide DGT is adopted to carry out high-resolution observation on the phosphorus at the sediment-water interface, and the sediment of the red maple lake is quantitatively estimated by combining a diffusion model method.
Biometric parameters and observation protocol:
an on-line chlorophyll analyzer is adopted.
A flowing water environment:
the dynamic water environment is divided into low-speed (0.05m/s), medium-speed (0.1m/s) and high-speed (0.25m/s) flowing environments;
firstly, laying a sediment sample (the thickness is 10cm) at a test section at the bottom of a water tank, slowly injecting water to an experimental elevation (the water depth is 35cm), setting the flowing speed of the water tank through a circulating pump, and collecting water samples on the surface of a water body, the middle part of the water body (the plane and the vertical center, the same below), a muddy water interface, the middle part of a sediment (the plane and the vertical center, the same below) and the bottom of the sediment at three sampling points respectively after the speed is stable; then repeating the sampling for twice every twenty-four hours;
three flow rate experiments were completed and a total of 135 samples were obtained.
Artificial dam:
the artificial dam experiment is divided into dam drainage and barrage drainage, which correspond to the completely opened state and the partially opened state of the water retaining device;
firstly, laying a sediment sample (the thickness is 10cm) at a test section at the bottom of a water tank, arranging a water retaining device in front of the test section, and selecting the water retaining device from the prior art according to requirements, such as selecting water retaining structures such as a water retaining gate plate and the like; slowly injecting water to an experimental elevation (the water depth is 35cm), starting a water retaining device and a circulating pump, and respectively collecting water samples and sediment surface layer soil samples at the water surface, the water middle part, the muddy water interface, the sediment middle part and the sediment bottom of three sampling points after the flow velocity is stable, wherein the total sampling amount is 18 parts;
two drainage experiments were completed and a total of 36 samples were taken.
Dry-wet change:
the dry-wet change is divided into short-term change and long-term change, the short-term change is described in the embodiment, the short-term change period is one day, firstly, a sediment sample (the thickness is 10cm) is paved at a test section at the bottom of a water tank, water is slowly injected to an experimental elevation (the water depth is 35cm), and 15 parts of water samples are collected at the surface of a water body, the middle part of the water body (a plane and a vertical center, the same below), a muddy water interface, the middle part of the sediment (the plane and the vertical center, the same below) and the bottom of the sediment respectively at three sampling points; then repeating the sampling once every four hours twice to obtain 30 samples in total; and then slowly draining water to enable the water surface to be lowered to a mud-water interface, and standing to collect 6 parts of water samples at the middle part and the bottom part of the sediment of the three sampling points respectively to obtain 12 parts of samples in total. And slowly injecting water to enable the water surface to reach the experimental elevation, standing for eight hours, and collecting 15 parts of water samples on the water surface, the water middle part (plane and vertical center, the same below), the mud-water interface, the sediment middle part (plane and vertical center, the same below) and the sediment bottom at three sampling points respectively.
In the embodiment, the total phosphorus concentration is measured by collecting the pore water of the sample and taking tap water as the overlying water body, wherein the total phosphorus concentration of the tap water is measured to be about 0.15 mg/L; the sediment and overburden are scheduled for inspection and the following parameters are measured: (1) the particle size of the sediment; (2) water content of the sediment; (3) analyzing sediment particles; (4) a sediment permeability coefficient; (5) water-soluble salts in sediments and water bodies; (6) water-and acid-soluble sulfates in sediments and water samples; (7) total nitrogen in sediments and water samples; (8) ammonia nitrogen in sediments and water samples; (9) nitrite ammonia in sediments and water samples; (10) nitrate ammonia in sediments and water samples; (11) the redox potential of the deposit; (12) organic carbon in sediments and water samples; (13) organic matter in sediments and water samples; (14) organic phosphorus in sediments and water samples; (15) benthic organism communities in sediments; (16) hydrolysable metal content in the deposit.
The present example studies the relationship between transport and phosphorus flux of fine-grained sediment under the hydrodynamic condition of the gate dam; relationship between bioadsorption and phosphorus flux in the sediment; relationship between river hardening and phosphorus flux; history of changes in wetting and drying of the deposit as a function of phosphorus flux.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific examples, and the description of the above examples is only used for helping understanding the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In summary, this summary should not be construed to limit the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a phosphorus flux basin experimental apparatus in river which characterized in that: the water tank is internally provided with a plurality of partition plates, the water tank is divided into a plurality of compartments by the partition plates, the compartments are sequentially communicated end to end, and fillers can be filled in the compartments; the water tank is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and flow control valves are respectively arranged on the water inlet and the water outlet; the water tank is also provided with a sampling port, and the sampling port is provided with a flow control valve.
2. The in-river phosphorus flux sink experimental apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the water tank is of a cuboid structure, and is 160cm long, 100cm wide and 50cm high; the top of water tank is provided with the opening, the water tank all around and the bottom adopt organic glass to make.
3. The in-river phosphorus flux sink experimental apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the equipartition has three in the water tank the baffle, three the baffle will the water tank equally divide into four the compartment, the baffle is on a parallel with the long limit setting of water tank.
4. The in-river phosphorus flux sink experimental apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the baffle is made of organic glass, and the baffle is 130cm long, 0.05m wide and 0.5m high.
5. The in-river phosphorus flux sink experimental apparatus of claim 1, wherein: one end of the partition board is connected with the inner wall of the water tank, a gap is reserved between the other end of the partition board and the inner wall of the water tank, and two adjacent compartments are communicated through the gap; the plurality of the partition plates are arranged in a staggered manner.
6. The in-river phosphorus flux sink experimental apparatus of claim 2, wherein: a group of sampling ports is arranged in the middle of the long side of the water tank, a plurality of groups of sampling ports are arranged on the short side of the water tank, and each group of sampling ports on the short side corresponds to one compartment; every group the sampling port all from top to bottom the equipartition has a plurality ofly.
7. The in-river phosphorus flux sink experimental apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the thickness of the filler in the water tank is not more than half of the height of the water tank, and the distance between the liquid level of the overlying water body in the water tank and the top of the water tank is not less than 0.05 m;
the filler is sediment, benthic plants or microorganisms, and the particle size of the filler in each compartment is different.
8. The in-river phosphorus flux sink experimental apparatus of claim 1, wherein: pore water samplers are embedded in the vertical middle part and the bottom of the filler at the inlet of the water tank, the joint of the adjacent compartments and the outlet of the water tank;
thermometers are arranged in the filler and the water in the water tank.
9. A phosphorus flux water tank experimental method in a river is characterized by comprising the following steps:
simulating a flowing water environment, paving a filler sample at the bottom of the water tank, injecting water to an experimental elevation, setting the flowing speed of a water body in the water tank through a circulating pump, and collecting a water sample after the speed is stable;
simulating an artificial dam, paving a filler sample at the bottom of a water tank, arranging a water retaining device in front of a test section in the water tank, injecting water to an experimental elevation, starting the water retaining device and a circulating pump, and collecting a water sample and a sediment surface soil sample after the flow rate is stable;
simulating dry-wet change, firstly laying a filler sample at a test section at the bottom of a water tank, injecting water to an experimental elevation, collecting water samples, then repeatedly collecting the water samples every set time, and repeating twice; then draining water to enable the water surface to be lowered to a muddy water interface, standing, and collecting a water sample; and then injecting water to enable the water surface to reach the experimental elevation, standing and collecting a water sample.
10. The in-river phosphorus flux flume experiment method of claim 9, wherein: the dynamic water environment comprises a low-speed flowing environment, a medium-speed flowing environment and a high-speed flowing environment, wherein the flowing speed of a water body in the low-speed flowing environment is 0.05m/s, the flowing speed of the water body in the medium-speed flowing environment is 0.1m/s, and the flowing speed of the water body in the high-speed flowing environment is 0.25 m/s;
the artificial dam comprises two modes of dam drainage and barrage drainage, wherein the two modes of dam drainage and barrage drainage correspond to a fully opened state and a partially opened state of the water retaining device;
the dry-wet changes include short-term changes and long-term changes.
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