CN113587908A - Device for measuring seabed sand wave migration based on triangular pressure sensor and working method - Google Patents
Device for measuring seabed sand wave migration based on triangular pressure sensor and working method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for measuring seabed sand wave migration based on a triangular pressure sensor and a working method, wherein the device comprises a penetration probe rod, a stabilizing frame and the triangular pressure sensor, and the working method comprises the following steps: s1 collecting data and determining distribution sea area; s2: equipment preparation work; s3: performing sea trial work; s4: the device works; s5: and (5) recovering the device. Through the technical scheme, the method can ensure that the seabed sand wave migration direction and speed are inverted through the pressure sensor, and has the advantages that the method can be used for measuring the sand wave period, the wave crest and wave trough form characteristic parameters, measuring the sand wave migration speed and direction, and inverting the wavelength characteristics through a mathematical method. Compared with the similar method of the previous application, the method of the invention can obtain the morphological characteristics and the migration parameters of the seabed sand waves by using only one technology of the pressure sensor, and has good economical efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of observing submarine sand waves, in particular to a device for measuring submarine sand wave migration based on a triangular pressure sensor and a working method.
Background
The submarine sand waves are a hilly and crescent submarine landform widely existing in oceans and coastal sea areas in the world, the ridge lines of the submarine sand waves are perpendicular to the main water flow direction, and the submarine sand waves have strong mobility under the hydrodynamic actions of sea waves, tides, currents and the like. At present, the surface seabed sand waves are researched to migrate under the action of the underflow, so that the safe operation of seabed engineering facilities (such as seabed pipelines and oil and gas platforms) is threatened, and therefore, in-situ observation research aiming at the seabed sand waves is necessary to be carried out.
At present, the method for on-site research of submarine sand wave migration mainly adopts a geophysical detection technology, namely, acoustic instruments such as multi-beam or side-scan sonar are utilized to carry out detection for a plurality of times at intervals in a research sea area, and the migration direction and speed are determined according to the change of the topographic water depth and topographic features. The invention discloses a submarine sand wave in-situ real-time observation device and method with application number of 201710693750.5 and application number of 201611223091.0, and relates to a submarine sand wave migration observation device and method based on a pressure gauge, which can realize on-site observation of submarine sand waves, but can invert the height of the sand waves only through pressure change, and other sand wave characteristic parameters (wavelength, wave height and migration rate) can be realized by matching with various acoustic instruments.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a device and a working method for measuring seabed sand wave migration based on a triangular pressure sensor. The direction and speed of the seabed sand wave migration and the sand wave characteristic parameters (wavelength, wave height and migration period) can be obtained only through the triangular pressure sensor, and the instrument is high in integrity.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the device for measuring seabed sand wave migration based on the triangular pressure sensor comprises a penetration probe rod, a stabilizing frame and the triangular pressure sensor, wherein the stabilizing frame comprises three stabilizing frame main arms, each stabilizing frame main arm is movably connected with one end of a stabilizing frame auxiliary arm through a connecting cylinder in a sleeved mode, the connecting cylinder can slide on the stabilizing frame main arm back and forth, the other end of each stabilizing frame auxiliary arm is movably connected with a limiting cylinder, the limiting cylinders are sleeved on the penetration probe rod, three limiting knobs are fixedly installed on the side wall of the top of the penetration probe rod, the three main arm limiting knobs are arranged in an equal-angle distribution mode by taking the penetration probe rod as a central shaft, the top end of each stabilizing frame main arm is movably connected to the top end of the penetration probe rod through the limiting knobs of the main arm, a data storage unit is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the top end of the penetration probe rod, a wave tide instrument is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the data storage unit, and the triangular pressure sensor comprises a first pressure sensor, The tail end of each stabilizing frame main arm is respectively and sequentially provided with a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor and a third pressure sensor.
Preferably, the lower part of the penetration probe is also provided with a limit ring.
As the preferred scheme, the connecting cylinder is provided with a first auxiliary arm limiting knob and is movably connected with one end of the auxiliary arm of the stabilizing frame through the first auxiliary arm limiting knob.
Furthermore, a second auxiliary arm limiting knob is arranged on the limiting cylinder and movably connected with the other end of the auxiliary arm of the stabilizing frame through the second auxiliary arm limiting knob.
Preferably, the bottom end of the penetration probe is an inverted cone.
A working method of a device for measuring seabed sand wave migration based on a triangular pressure sensor specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting data and determining a distribution sea area; determining the water depth, weather, ocean current and tide data of a sand wave development sea area, and sorting and analyzing to determine the optimal placement point position;
s2: equipment preparation work; the selection of the pressure sensors needs to meet the requirements of a sea test, the triangular pressure sensors and the tide instrument are revised according to the national standard GB/T12763.10-2007 before the sea test, the observation time and the acquisition frequency are set, and the mooring ropes, the laying ships, the laying dates and the station positions are determined;
s3: performing sea trial work; the operation ship achieves a designated placement point by means of a GPS positioning system, equipment is assembled, the development size of sand waves is analyzed, and a limit knob is adjusted according to the development size of the sand waves, so that a main arm of a stabilizing frame and an auxiliary arm of the stabilizing frame are contracted inside and outside, and the distance between three pressure sensors is adjusted; determining rear fixed equipment, adopting a mode of firstly lowering a buoy, starting a crane to lower the equipment after the buoy is stable, and recording the water entering time, the water depth, the station coordinates and the space among the three pressure sensors;
s4: the device works; the equipment is stabilized below a seabed, the pressure sensors are deeply buried under active sand waves, seabed sand waves are periodically migrated under the action of water flow, data of the pressure sensors are periodically changed, the data are collected and collected in the data storage unit, and the wave height, the period, the speed and the direction of the sand wave migration are determined according to the relative positions among the three pressure sensors and an inversion method;
s5: recovering the device; and after the device is observed according to preset time, the operation ship returns to a designated station, the recovery cable is connected with the buoy according to the buoy existing on the sea surface, the device is integrally recovered, the data in the device is collected, and the device is cleaned and maintained.
Preferably, the wave height of the sand wave migration in step S4: when the numerical value recorded by the pressure sensor is the minimum, the recorded position is a sand wave trough, when the numerical value recorded by the sensor is the maximum, the recorded position is a sand wave crest, the absolute elevation between the adjacent crest and trough is the sand wave height, and the average value of multiple groups of data of the three pressure sensors is selected to be the sand wave average wave height;
and (3) period: the recording time between the wave crests or the wave troughs of the single pressure sensor is one migration period of the sand waves at the bottom of the sea, and multiple groups of data of the three pressure sensors are selected to obtain an average value, so that the average period of the sand wave migration is obtained.
Further, the rate of sand wave migration in step S4: the elevations of all points on the sand wave surface have approximate single-value function relation on the incident flow surface or the back flow surface and the relative position of the elevations on the incident flow surface or the back flow surface along the migration direction, and according to the relation, the elevations of the sand wave surface and the elevations on the same sand wave surface at different moments have approximate single-value function relationDetermining the relative position relation of the point and a wave crest in the migration direction according to the percentage relation of the sand wave height at a moment, taking the maximum elevation measured by the pressure sensor at the point as a calibration value, dividing the elevation change caused by the sand wave process corresponding to the maximum value by the calibration value to obtain the change relation of the elevation percentage of the point along with time, selecting a certain percentage interval, and selecting corresponding identification points on a sand wave incident surface and a sand wave back flow surface; if the distance between the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the third pressure sensor is a, the height percentage of the incident flow surface is
The back flow surface is
Then the coordinates of the corresponding point of the head-on surface are (
) The back flow surface corresponding point is (
) Migration rate of the elevation percent position
Comprises the following steps:
；
the included angle between the sand wave migration direction and the connecting line of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor is calculated by the formula
According to the trigonometric function calculation rule, the actual migration velocity v = v can be obtained1-2/
。
Further, the direction of the sand wave migration in step S4: inversion of sand migration direction is based on triangular pressure transmissionThe sensor is provided with a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor and a third pressure sensor in sequence, wherein the sand wave elevation identification point passes through the three sensors, the first pressure sensor is used as an original point, the X axis is parallel to the sand wave migration direction, and the X-Y plane is parallel to the horizontal plane, so that a coordinate system can be obtained. Projecting the positions of the second pressure sensor and the third pressure sensor to the X axis to obtain a point X2And x3. The sand wave migration rate is v, and the time when the sand wave crest passes through the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the third pressure sensor is t1、t2、t3Let t1If not =0, then there is
And is and
(ii) a Alpha is the included angle between the connecting line of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor and the migration direction of the sand waves,
when 90 ° = α, then there is t1=t2= 0; if 30 ° = α, then there is t2=t3. At this time t2、t3And α has the following relationship:
when in use
，
When in use
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
substituting the corresponding data of the sand wave migration rate identification points among the pressure sensors into the equation to obtain migration directions at different moments;
wavelength: after the sand wave migration direction and the migration rate on the pressure sensor connecting line are obtained, the wavelength d =ofthe sand wave is further obtained through the integral of the rate in a time period
。
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the method can ensure that the inversion of the migration direction and speed of the sand waves at the seabed by the pressure sensor, has the advantages of measuring the sand wave period, the wave crest and wave trough form characteristic parameters, measuring the migration speed and direction of the sand waves and inverting the wavelength characteristics by a mathematical method, has simple measuring principle compared with the traditional method, and can obtain various sand wave migration characteristic data.
(2) Compared with the similar method of the previous application, the method of the invention can obtain the morphological characteristics and the migration parameters of the seabed sand waves by using only one technology of the pressure sensor, and has good economical efficiency.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a partially enlarged structure of the limit knob;
FIG. 5 is a schematic deployment view of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the pressure sensor inverting wave height during sand migration;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of inversion rate of a pressure sensor during sand migration;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the migration direction and the trend line and the peak (valley) line in the sand migration process;
FIG. 9 shows possible relative position relationships of sensor distributions in different directions of sand migration;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the inversion principle of the pressure sensor in the sand wave migration process,
wherein, the corresponding relationship between the reference numbers and the components in fig. 1 to 3 is:
1. wave tide appearance, 2, data storage unit, 3, spacing knob, 4, steady rest main arm, 5, penetration probe rod, 6, spacing section of thick bamboo, 7, connecting cylinder, 8, spacing ring, 9, first pressure sensor, 10, second pressure sensor, 11, third pressure sensor, 12 first sub-arm spacing knob, 13 second sub-arm spacing knob, 14, steady rest sub-arm.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein, and thus the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The following describes a device for measuring subsea sand migration based on a triangular pressure sensor and a working method thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the invention provides a device for measuring submarine sand wave migration based on a triangular pressure sensor, which comprises a penetration probe 5, a stabilizing frame and the triangular pressure sensor, wherein the stabilizing frame comprises three stabilizing frame main arms 4, each stabilizing frame main arm 4 is movably connected with one end of a stabilizing frame auxiliary arm 14 through a connecting cylinder 7 in a sleeved mode, the connecting cylinder 7 can slide on the stabilizing frame main arm 4 back and forth, the other end of the stabilizing frame auxiliary arm 14 is movably connected with a limiting cylinder 6, the limiting cylinder 6 is sleeved on the penetration probe 5, three limiting knobs 3 are fixedly installed on the side wall of the top of the penetration probe 5, the three main arm limiting knobs 3 are arranged in an equiangular distribution mode by taking the penetration probe 5 as a central shaft, the top end of each stabilizing frame main arm 4 is respectively and movably connected with the top end of the penetration probe 5 through the main arm limiting knobs 3, a data storage unit 2 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the top end of the penetration probe 5, the triangular pressure sensor comprises a first pressure sensor 9, a second pressure sensor 10 and a third pressure sensor 11, the first pressure sensor 9, the second pressure sensor 10 and the third pressure sensor 11 are sequentially installed at the tail end of each stabilizing frame main arm 4, the second pressure sensor 10 and the third pressure sensor 11 are sequentially installed at the tail end of each stabilizing frame main arm, the main arm limiting knob 3 is adjusted, the limiting cylinder 6 can slide on the penetration probe rod 5, the whole stabilizing frame is driven to stretch, the final effect is that the distance between the pressure sensors 9 changes, and the migration observation requirements of sand waves with different scales are met.
Preferably, the lower part of the penetration probe 5 is further provided with a limit ring 8 for limiting the maximum extension and contraction dimension of the stabilizer.
Preferably, the connecting cylinder 7 is provided with a first auxiliary arm limit knob 12, and is movably connected with one end of a stabilizing frame auxiliary arm 14 through the first auxiliary arm limit knob 12.
Furthermore, a second auxiliary arm limiting knob 13 is arranged on the limiting cylinder 6 and is movably connected with the other end of the stabilizing frame auxiliary arm 14 through the second auxiliary arm limiting knob 13.
Preferably, the bottom end of the penetration probe 5 is an inverted cone.
The device inverts the principle of sand wave migration period, speed and direction:
the triangular pressure sensor is deeply buried in the seabed sand waves, the migration direction of the seabed sand waves is usually the same as the main water flow direction, the migration direction is perpendicular to the sand wave crest and valley line and is approximately parallel to the sand wave back flow surface trend, the wave crests and the wave troughs successively pass through the triangular pressure sensor in the periodic migration process, and the sensor records the upper pressure change in the seabed sand wave migration process, so that the sand wave migration is measured. The inversion principle is a progressive mode as shown in figure 10, a single-point pressure sensor can only invert the period and the wave height as shown in figure 6, two linear distributed pressure sensors can invert the migration rate as shown in figure 7 compared with the former, and three triangular distributed pressure sensors increase the inversion migration direction as shown in figures 8 and 9 on the basis of the two distributed pressure sensors, so that the triangular pressure sensors can obtain the sand wave migration period, the characteristic parameter wave height and wavelength, and the migration rate and direction. The method comprises the following specific steps:
a working method of a device for measuring seabed sand wave migration based on a triangular pressure sensor specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting data and determining a distribution sea area; collecting existing seabed bottom shape observation data published by the literature, the state or the local government, determining the data of the water depth, the weather, the ocean current, the tide and the like of the sand wave development sea area, and sorting, analyzing and determining the optimal placement point;
s2: equipment preparation work; the pressure sensor 9 is selected to meet requirements of sea test including pressure, water tightness and precision, the triangular pressure sensor and the tide instrument 1 are revised according to the national standard GB/T12763.10-2007 before the sea test, observation time and collection frequency are set, and cables, a laying ship, laying date and station positions are determined according to previous data;
s3: performing sea trial work; the operation ship achieves a designated placement point by means of a GPS positioning system, equipment is assembled, the size of sand wave development is analyzed according to early-stage data, the limit knob 3 is adjusted according to the size of the sand wave development, the main arm 4 of the stabilizing frame and the auxiliary arm 14 of the stabilizing frame are contracted inside and outside, the distance between the three pressure sensors is adjusted, and an observation result is guaranteed; determining rear fixed equipment, adopting a mode of firstly lowering a buoy, starting a crane to lower the equipment after the buoy is stable, and recording the water entering time, the water depth, the station coordinates and the space among the three pressure sensors;
s4: the device works; the equipment is stabilized below the seabed, the pressure sensors are deeply buried under the active sand waves and have certain intervals, the seabed sand waves are periodically migrated under the action of water flow, the data of the pressure sensors are periodically changed, the data are collected and collected in the data storage unit 2, and the wave height, the period, the speed and the direction of the sand wave migration are determined according to the relative positions among the three pressure sensors and an inversion method;
s5: recovering the device; and after the device is observed according to preset time, the operation ship returns to a designated station, the recovery cable is connected with the buoy according to the buoy existing on the sea surface, the device is integrally recovered, the data in the device is collected, and the device is cleaned and maintained.
Preferably, the wave height of the sand wave migration in step S4: when the numerical value recorded by the pressure sensor is the minimum, the recorded position is a sand wave trough, when the numerical value recorded by the sensor is the maximum, the recorded position is a sand wave crest, the absolute elevation between the adjacent crest and trough is the sand wave height, and the average value of multiple groups of data of the three pressure sensors is selected to be the sand wave average wave height;
and (3) period: the recording time between the wave crests or the wave troughs of the single pressure sensor is one migration period of the sand waves at the bottom of the sea, and multiple groups of data of the three pressure sensors are selected to obtain an average value, so that the average period of the sand wave migration is obtained.
Further, the rate of sand wave migration in step S4: the elevation percent migration rate schematic is based on a linear profile sensor as shown in FIG. 7. The elevation of each point on the sand wave surface has approximate single-value function relation with the relative position of the sand wave surface on the flow-facing surface or the flow-backing surface along the migration direction, according to the relation, the relative position relation of the point and a wave crest in the migration direction is determined through the percentage relation between the elevation of the sand wave surface at different moments and the height of the sand wave at the same moment, the maximum elevation measured by the pressure sensor is taken as a calibration value, the elevation change caused by the sand wave process corresponding to the maximum value is divided by the calibration value to obtain the change relation of the elevation percentage of the point along with the time, a certain percentage interval is selected, and corresponding identification points are selected on the sand wave flow-facing surface and the flow-backing surface; if the distance between the first pressure sensor 9, the second pressure sensor 10 and the third pressure sensor 11 is a, the height percentage of the incident flow surface is
The back flow surface is
Then the coordinates of the corresponding point of the head-on surface are (
) The back flow surface corresponding point is (
) Migration rate of the elevation percent position
Comprises the following steps:
the included angle between the sand wave migration direction calculated by the formula (1) and the connecting line of the first pressure sensor 9 and the second pressure sensor 10
According to the trigonometric function calculation rule, the actual migration velocity v = v can be obtained1-2/
。
Further, the direction of the sand wave migration in step S4: the inversion of the sand migration direction is based on a triangular pressure sensor, as shown in fig. 8 and 9. If the sand height identification point passes through the three sensors in sequence, namely the first pressure sensor 9, the second pressure sensor 10 and the third pressure sensor 11, then the coordinate system shown in fig. 9 can be obtained by using the first pressure sensor 9 as the origin, the X-axis being parallel to the sand migration direction and the X-Y plane being parallel to the horizontal plane. Projecting the positions of the second pressure sensor 10 and the third pressure sensor 11 to the X axis to obtain a point X2And x3. The sand wave migration rate is v, and the time when the sand wave crest passes through the first pressure sensor 9, the second pressure sensor 10 and the third pressure sensor 11 is t1、t2、t3Let t1If not =0, then there is
And is and
(ii) a Alpha is the included angle between the connecting line of the first pressure sensor 9 and the second pressure sensor 10 and the migration direction of the sand waves,
when 90 ° = α, then there is t1=t2= 0; if 30 ° = α, then there is t2=t3. At this time t2、t3And α has the following relationship:
when in use
，
When in use
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
substituting the corresponding data of the sand wave migration rate identification points among the pressure sensors into the equation to obtain migration directions at different moments;
wavelength: after the sand wave migration direction and the migration rate on the pressure sensor connecting line are obtained, the wavelength of the sand wave is further obtained through the integration of the rate in a time period.
d=
（2）
In the description of the present invention, the terms "plurality" or "a plurality" refer to two or more, and unless otherwise specifically limited, the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "connected," "mounted," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral connections; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description herein, the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiments," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A device for measuring submarine sand wave migration based on a triangular pressure sensor comprises a penetration probe rod (5), a stabilizing frame and the triangular pressure sensor, and is characterized in that the stabilizing frame comprises three stabilizing frame main arms (4), each stabilizing frame main arm (4) is movably connected with one end of a stabilizing frame auxiliary arm (14) through a connecting cylinder (7) in a sleeved mode, the connecting cylinders (7) can slide back and forth on the stabilizing frame main arms (4), the other end of each stabilizing frame auxiliary arm (14) is movably connected with a limiting cylinder (6), the limiting cylinders (6) are sleeved on the penetration probe rod (5), three limiting knobs (3) are fixedly installed on the side wall of the top of the penetration probe rod (5), the three main arm limiting knobs (3) are arranged in an equiangular distribution mode by taking the penetration probe rod (5) as a central shaft, the top end of each stabilizing frame main arm (4) is movably connected to the top end of the penetration probe rod (5) through the main arm limiting knobs (3), the top fixed surface who penetrates probe rod (5) installs data storage unit (2), and the last fixed surface who data storage unit (2) installs ripples tide appearance (1), and triangle-type pressure sensor includes first pressure sensor (9), second pressure sensor (10) and third pressure sensor (11), and the end of every steady rest main arm (4) is equipped with first pressure sensor (9), second pressure sensor (10) and third pressure sensor (11) respectively in proper order.
2. The device for determining the migration of the seabed sand waves based on the triangular pressure sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower part of the penetration probe (5) is further provided with a limiting ring (8).
3. The device for measuring the migration of the seabed sand waves based on the triangular pressure sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting cylinder (7) is provided with a first auxiliary arm limiting knob (12), and is movably connected with one end of a stabilizing frame auxiliary arm (14) through the first auxiliary arm limiting knob (12).
4. The device for measuring seabed sand wave migration based on the triangular pressure sensor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the limiting cylinder (6) is provided with a second auxiliary arm limiting knob (13), and the other end of the stabilizing frame auxiliary arm (14) is movably connected with the second auxiliary arm limiting knob (13).
5. The device for determining the migration of seabed sand waves based on the triangular pressure sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the penetration probe (5) is an inverted cone.
6. The working method of the device for measuring the migration of the seabed sand waves based on the triangular pressure sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: collecting data and determining a distribution sea area; determining the water depth, weather, ocean current and tide data of a sand wave development sea area, and sorting and analyzing to determine the optimal placement point position;
s2: equipment preparation work; the pressure sensor (9) is selected to meet the requirements of a sea test, the triangular pressure sensor and the tide instrument (1) are revised according to the national standard GB/T12763.10-2007 before the sea test, the observation time and the acquisition frequency are set, and a cable, a laying ship, a laying date and a station position are determined;
s3: performing sea trial work; the operation ship achieves a designated placement point by means of a GPS positioning system, equipment is assembled, the development size of sand waves is analyzed, and a limit knob (3) is adjusted according to the development size of the sand waves, so that a main arm (4) of a stabilizing frame and an auxiliary arm (14) of the stabilizing frame are contracted inside and outside, and the distance between three pressure sensors is adjusted; determining rear fixed equipment, adopting a mode of firstly lowering a buoy, starting a crane to lower the equipment after the buoy is stable, and recording the water entering time, the water depth, the station coordinates and the space among the three pressure sensors;
s4: the device works; the device is stabilized below a seabed, the pressure sensors are deeply buried under active sand waves, seabed sand waves are periodically migrated under the action of water flow, data of the pressure sensors are periodically changed, the data are collected and collected in the data storage unit (2), and the wave height, the period, the speed and the direction of the sand wave migration are determined according to the relative positions of the three pressure sensors and an inversion method;
s5: recovering the device; and after the device is observed according to preset time, the operation ship returns to a designated station, the recovery cable is connected with the buoy according to the buoy existing on the sea surface, the device is integrally recovered, the data in the device is collected, and the device is cleaned and maintained.
7. The method for determining the operation of a device for shifting sand waves at the sea bottom based on a triangular pressure sensor as claimed in claim 6, wherein the wave height of sand wave shifting in step S4 is as follows: when the numerical value recorded by the pressure sensor is the minimum, the recorded position is a sand wave trough, when the numerical value recorded by the sensor is the maximum, the recorded position is a sand wave crest, the absolute elevation between the adjacent crest and trough is the sand wave height, and the average value of multiple groups of data of the three pressure sensors is selected to be the sand wave average wave height;
and (3) period: the recording time between the wave crests or the wave troughs of the single pressure sensor is one migration period of the sand waves at the bottom of the sea, and multiple groups of data of the three pressure sensors are selected to obtain an average value, so that the average period of the sand wave migration is obtained.
8. The method for determining the operation of a subsea sand migration device based on a triangular pressure sensor as claimed in claim 7, wherein the sand migration rate in step S4 is as follows: the elevation of each point on the sand wave surface has approximate single-value function relation with the relative position of the sand wave surface on the flow-facing surface or the flow-backing surface along the migration direction, according to the relation, the relative position relation of the point and a wave crest in the migration direction is determined through the percentage relation between the elevation of the sand wave surface at different moments and the height of the sand wave at the same moment, the maximum elevation measured by the pressure sensor is taken as a calibration value, the elevation change caused by the sand wave process corresponding to the maximum value is divided by the calibration value to obtain the change relation of the elevation percentage of the point along with the time, a certain percentage interval is selected, and corresponding identification points are selected on the sand wave flow-facing surface and the flow-backing surface; if the distance between the first pressure sensor (9), the second pressure sensor (10) and the third pressure sensor (11) is a, the height percentage of the head-on surface is
The back flow surface is
Then there is the coordinate of the corresponding point of the head-on surface as
The back flow surface corresponds to the point
Migration rate of the elevation percent position
Comprises the following steps:
the included angle between the sand wave migration direction calculated by the formula (1) and the connecting line of the first pressure sensor (9) and the second pressure sensor (10)
According to the trigonometric function calculation rule, the actual migration velocity v = v can be obtained1-2/
。
9. The method for operating a device for determining the migration of sand waves from the sea bottom based on a triangular pressure sensor as claimed in claim 8, wherein the direction of sand wave migration in step S4 is as follows: the inversion of the sand wave migration direction is based on a triangular pressure sensor, the sequence of a sand wave elevation identification point passing through three sensors is sequentially a first pressure sensor (9), a second pressure sensor (10) and a third pressure sensor (11), the first pressure sensor (9) is used as an original point, the X axis is parallel to the sand wave migration direction, and the X-Y plane is parallel to the horizontal plane, so that a coordinate system can be obtained; projecting the positions of the second pressure sensor (10) and the third pressure sensor (11) to the X axis to obtain a point X2And x3(ii) a The sand wave migration rate is v, and the time when the sand wave crest passes through the first pressure sensor (9), the second pressure sensor (10) and the third pressure sensor (11) is t1、t2、t3Let t1If not =0, then there is
And is and
(ii) a Alpha is an included angle between the connecting line of the first pressure sensor (9) and the second pressure sensor (10) and the migration direction of the sand waves,
when 90 ° = α, then there is t1=t2= 0; if 30 ° = α, then there is t2=t3(ii) a At this time t2、t3And α has the following relationship:
when in use
，
When in use
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
substituting the corresponding data of the sand wave migration rate identification points among the pressure sensors into the equation to obtain migration directions at different moments;
wavelength: after the sand wave migration direction and the migration rate on the pressure sensor connecting line are obtained, the wavelength of the sand wave is further obtained through the integral of the rate in a time period, and d =
（2）。
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