CN113587640A - Electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block high-temperature treatment resistance furnace - Google Patents

Electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block high-temperature treatment resistance furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113587640A
CN113587640A CN202110745592.XA CN202110745592A CN113587640A CN 113587640 A CN113587640 A CN 113587640A CN 202110745592 A CN202110745592 A CN 202110745592A CN 113587640 A CN113587640 A CN 113587640A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
furnace
lava
electrolytic aluminum
cathode carbon
carbon block
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Pending
Application number
CN202110745592.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
马利军
姜洪金
姜腾
马沐媛
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Ningxia Qingbo Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Ningxia Qingbo Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110745592.XA priority Critical patent/CN113587640A/en
Publication of CN113587640A publication Critical patent/CN113587640A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
    • F27B2014/0818—Discharging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B2014/0843—Lining or casing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

A resistance furnace for high-temperature treatment of electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon blocks comprises a furnace wall, a furnace end, a furnace tail, a furnace bottom, a furnace tank sealing cover, a lava bed and a lava tank, wherein the furnace wall is built to form a cuboid furnace tank structure; the furnace wall has high-temperature resistance strength, can meet the high-temperature treatment temperature of the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block, and achieves the purpose of heating the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block by using a resistance furnace; harmful substances such as cyanide and fluoride which are melted into slurry can be directly discharged from the furnace tank completely in the heating process through the furnace bottom, the purification effect of the waste cathode carbon block of the electrolytic aluminum is high, the graphitization degree is high, the standard of recycling can be reached, and the waste cathode carbon block of the electrolytic aluminum is recycled.

Description

Electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block high-temperature treatment resistance furnace
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solid hazardous material treatment, and particularly relates to a treatment device and a production process of a waste cathode carbon block in the electrolytic aluminum industry.
Background
The waste cathode carbon block contains a large amount of harmful substances, the landfill method and the water solution method which are commonly used in the industrial field can cause great pollution to natural environment soil and underground water for a long time, and in order to avoid the pollution problem, the waste cathode carbon block must be subjected to harmless treatment. In the prior theoretical technology, harmful substances such as cyanide, fluoride and the like in the crushing of the waste cathode carbon block of the electrolytic aluminum can be separated and discharged from the waste cathode carbon block in a high-temperature smelting mode by adopting a high-temperature method, so that a pure graphitized carbon block is obtained and recycled again.
However, in the prior art, there is no furnace body suitable for heating the waste cathode carbon block of electrolytic aluminum, because the waste cathode carbon block of electrolytic aluminum belongs to conductive material and needs to be heated to more than 1700 ℃, the best mode is heating by using a high-temperature resistance furnace, but the common high-temperature resistance furnace body is a fireproof brick wall body and cannot bear such high temperature, and harmful substances cannot be effectively discharged completely in the heating process. The technical personnel in the field have proposed that the method of adopting anthracite to fill and cut off the protection furnace body satisfies the demand of high temperature heating, but adopt this kind of mode to have the problem that harmful substance can be detained in anthracite after volatilizing, condense the piece, cause secondary pollution, need screening separation treatment once more to screening separation treatment also can't guarantee to remove the harmful substance of condensation completely.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the waste cathode carbon block of the electrolytic aluminum is difficult to heat by a high-temperature method, and provides a resistance furnace capable of performing high-temperature heating treatment on the waste cathode carbon block of the electrolytic aluminum.
In order to achieve the purpose, according to the technical scheme, firstly, the resistance furnace is subjected to insulation and high temperature resistance transformation, a high temperature resistant carbon plate body structure is arranged on the inner wall of a furnace wall, and adjacent plate bodies are isolated and treated by adopting a high temperature resistant insulation material, so that the carbon plate body of the furnace wall is prevented from conducting electricity; secondly, a carbon beam is suspended and hollowed to lay the furnace bottom, the hollowed structure is a gap reserved between the beam and the beam, the harmful substances smelted into liquid state can be discharged through the gap of the furnace bottom in the heating treatment process of the waste cathode carbon block of the electrolytic aluminum, and the harmful substances can be thoroughly discharged through continuous heating; thirdly, a flow passage is arranged below the furnace bottom, and the discharged harmful molten liquid is discharged into the lava pool to be intensively cooled, solidified and collected. The specific technical scheme is as follows.
The invention discloses a resistance furnace for high-temperature treatment of an electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block, which comprises a furnace wall, a furnace head, a furnace tail, a furnace bottom, a furnace tank sealing cover, a lava bed and a lava tank, wherein the furnace wall is built to form a cuboid furnace tank structure; the inner wall of the furnace wall is uniformly and fixedly provided with a high-temperature resistant wallboard, and a water seal groove is arranged along the periphery of the top; electrodes for resistance heating are respectively fixedly arranged on the furnace head and the furnace tail; the bottom of the furnace is uniformly provided with lava leaks; the furnace tank sealing cover is hermetically arranged on the water seal tank; a slurry discharge port is formed in the side edge of the lava bed, the bed surface is arranged in a slope-seeking manner towards the slurry discharge port along the periphery, and a flow channel leading to a lava groove is formed in the slurry discharge port; the lava groove is of a sealed groove body structure, and a magma inlet is formed in the groove body and used for installing and connecting the flow channel.
The furnace wall is built by fireproof bricks, the high-temperature resistant wallboards are formed by uniformly laying carbon boards along the length direction of the furnace wall, and insulating isolating strips are vertically arranged between the adjacent high-temperature resistant wallboards.
The insulating isolating strip is made of high-temperature-resistant fireproof insulating materials.
The furnace bottom is formed by uniformly laying carbon plate beams, two ends of each carbon plate beam are respectively fixed on furnace walls on two sides, and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent carbon plate beams to serve as a lava leak.
The width of the lava leak is set to be 1-2 cm.
And the carbon plate beam at the furnace bottom and the high-temperature resistant wallboard of the furnace wall are arranged in an insulating and isolating way.
And a spraying device is arranged at the bottom of the furnace groove sealing cover.
The lava bed is paved by adopting refractory bricks, and slurry discharge ports are arranged by finding slopes in sections according to engineering requirements.
The cell body of lava groove adopts cooling jacket structure, and the top is provided with can open sealed lid, and internally mounted has detachable lava case.
The lava box is of a V-shaped structure with a large upper part and a small lower part, the bottom of the lava box is of an open structure, and lifting lugs are arranged on two sides of the top of the lava box.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the furnace wall has high-temperature resistance strength, can meet the high-temperature treatment temperature of the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block, and achieves the purpose of heating the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block by using a resistance furnace; harmful substances such as cyanide and fluoride which are melted into slurry can be directly discharged from the furnace tank completely in the heating process through the furnace bottom, the purification effect of the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block is high, the graphitization degree is high, the standard of recycling can be reached, and the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block is recycled; the structure that the bottom of the furnace is provided with the lava bed and the lava groove is utilized, so that the waste harmful substances can be quickly recovered, the process is simple, the cost is low, and the environmental pollution is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a transverse cutting structure of a furnace body according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the longitudinal structure of the furnace body of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a longitudinal cutting structure of the furnace body of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a horizontal cutting structure of a furnace body (a furnace groove part) of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a horizontal cutting structure of a furnace body (furnace groove part) according to the present invention;
in the drawings: the device comprises a furnace wall 1, a high-temperature resistant wall plate 11, an insulating isolating strip 12, a water seal tank 13, a furnace end 2, a furnace tail 3, a furnace bottom 4, a carbon plate beam 41, a lava leak 42, a furnace tank sealing cover 5, a spraying device 51, a lava bed 6, a slurry discharge port 61, a flow channel 62, a lava tank 7, a tank body 71, a lava inlet 711, a sealing cover 72, a lava box 73 and a lifting lug 731.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in attached figures 1-5, the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block high-temperature treatment resistance furnace comprises a furnace wall 1, a furnace end 2, a furnace tail 3, a furnace bottom 4, a furnace groove sealing cover 5, a lava bed 6 and a lava groove 7, wherein the furnace wall 1 is built to form a cuboid furnace groove structure, the furnace end 1 and the furnace tail 2 are respectively arranged at two ends of the furnace groove along the length direction of the furnace groove, the furnace bottom 4 is suspended along the horizontal direction of the bottom of the furnace groove, the furnace groove sealing cover 5 is arranged along the top of the furnace groove, the lava bed 6 is arranged along the lower part of the furnace bottom 4, and the lava groove 7 is arranged along the side edge of the lava bed 6; the inner wall of the furnace wall 1 is uniformly and fixedly provided with high-temperature resistant wallboards 11, and a water seal groove 13 is arranged along the periphery of the top; electrodes for resistance heating are respectively and fixedly arranged on the furnace head 2 and the furnace tail 3; the furnace bottom 4 is uniformly provided with lava leaks 42; the furnace tank sealing cover 5 is hermetically arranged on the water sealing tank 13; a slurry discharge port 61 is formed in the side edge of the lava bed 6, the bed surface is arranged in a slope-seeking manner towards the slurry discharge port 61 along the periphery, and a flow passage 62 leading to the lava groove 7 is formed in the slurry discharge port 61; the lava tank 7 is of a sealed tank body structure, and a magma inlet 711 for installing and connecting the runner 62 is arranged on the tank body 71.
The furnace wall 1 is built by fireproof bricks, the high-temperature resistant wallboards 11 are uniformly distributed along the length direction of the furnace wall 1 by adopting carbon boards, and insulating isolation strips 12 are vertically arranged between the adjacent high-temperature resistant wallboards 11.
The insulating isolating bars 12 are made of high-temperature-resistant fireproof insulating materials.
The furnace bottom 4 is formed by uniformly laying carbon plate beams 41, two ends of each carbon plate beam 41 are respectively fixed on the furnace walls 1 at two sides, and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent carbon plate beams 41 to serve as a lava leak 42.
The width of the lava leak 42 is set at 1-2 cm.
The carbon plate beam 41 of the furnace bottom 4 is insulated and isolated from the high-temperature resistant wallboard 11 of the furnace wall 1.
The spraying device 51 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace slot sealing cover 5.
The lava bed 6 is laid by adopting refractory bricks, and slurry discharge ports 61 are arranged by finding slopes in sections according to engineering requirements.
The groove body 71 of the lava groove 7 is of a cooling jacket structure, the top of the groove body is provided with a sealing cover 72 capable of being opened and sealed, and a detachable lava box 73 is installed inside the groove body.
The lava box 73 is of a V-shaped structure with a large upper part and a small lower part, the bottom of the lava box is of an open structure, and lifting lugs 731 are arranged on two sides of the top of the lava box.
Example 2
The specific application process steps of the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block high-temperature treatment resistance furnace of the invention are as follows:
1) opening a furnace tank sealing cover 5, feeding materials into the furnace tank from a furnace tank opening by using a handling tool, and firstly laying a layer of large-particle electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon blocks with the granularity of 30-100mm on the furnace bottom 4, wherein the thickness is set according to the specification of a furnace body. The purpose of laying the large-particle electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block layer on the furnace bottom 4 is to ensure that the lava leak 42 on the furnace bottom 4 is not blocked, and to ensure that harmful substances such as cyanide and fluoride melted into slurry at high temperature can be smoothly discharged from the lava leak 42 on the furnace bottom 4 by utilizing the larger gap between the large particles to facilitate downward discharge of the molten slurry.
2) And continuously laying the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block on the large particle layer, wherein the granularity is not limited, filling the furnace tank, ensuring that the graphite electrode is compacted by the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block at the positions of two ends of the furnace tank close to the furnace head 2 and the furnace tail 3, and ensuring that the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block in the furnace tank has stable resistance and can be stably conducted under the power-on condition.
3) The furnace vessel cover 5 is installed along the water seal vessel 13 at the top of the furnace vessel to seal the furnace vessel.
4) The electrode blocks of the furnace head 2 and the furnace tail 3 are communicated through power supply equipment, power is supplied after power supply voltage is set, the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block starts to be heated and calcined under the power supply action, harmful substances such as cyanide and fluoride in the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block start to be smelted into slurry along with the temperature reaching a certain height, the harmful substances flow to the position of the furnace bottom 4 from a gap between the aluminum waste cathode carbon blocks, and finally the harmful substances flow out of the furnace tank from a lava leaking seam 42.
5) And continuously electrifying and heating until the temperature of the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block reaches more than 1700 ℃, and keeping for a certain time according to the control requirement of the heat treatment process so as to ensure that harmful substances such as cyanide, fluoride and the like in the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block of the whole furnace tank are completely discharged. The principle of the process is that the melting point of the graphite carbon block is far greater than that of harmful substances such as cyanide, fluoride and the like, so that the harmful substances such as cyanide, fluoride and the like are separated from the graphite carbon block by controlling the heating temperature, the purpose of purifying the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block is achieved, the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block meets the recycling standard, waste is changed into valuables, and the graphite carbon block becomes a graphite resource with higher economic value again. In the process, the high-temperature resistant wallboard 11 of the furnace wall 1 and the carbon plate beam 41 of the furnace bottom 4 can bear the high temperature of 3000 ℃ through carbon materials, the high-temperature strength of heating treatment can be completely achieved, and the high-temperature wallboard 11 and the carbon plate beam 41 are arranged in a partition structure, so that the problem of high resistance is avoided.
6) The waste molten slurry discharged from the molten rock leakage seam 42 of the furnace bottom 4 directly falls on the molten rock bed 6 arranged below the furnace bottom 4, is collected to the slurry discharge port 61 of the side edge through the gradient, is discharged into the molten rock box 73 arranged close to the groove body 71 from the rock slurry inlet 711 of the molten rock groove 7 through the flow channel 62, is rapidly solidified in the molten rock box 73 under the cooling of the cooling jacket structure of the groove body 71, and can directly take out the waste solidified harmful substances from the molten rock groove 7 in a mode of taking out the molten rock box 73 from the groove body 71 after the heat treatment is finished.
7) And after the calcination is finished, cooling the interior of the furnace tank by using the spraying device 51 on the furnace tank sealing cover 5, detaching the furnace tank sealing cover 5 after cooling, and clearing the purified electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon blocks in the furnace tank by using a discharging tool.

Claims (10)

1. A resistance furnace for high-temperature treatment of waste cathode carbon blocks of electrolytic aluminum is characterized in that: the furnace comprises a furnace wall (1), a furnace end (2), a furnace tail (3), a furnace bottom (4), a furnace trough sealing cover (5), a lava bed (6) and a lava trough (7), wherein the furnace wall (1) is built to form a cuboid furnace trough structure, the furnace end (1) and the furnace tail (2) are respectively arranged at two ends of the furnace trough along the length direction of the furnace trough, the furnace bottom (4) is arranged in a suspended manner along the horizontal direction of the bottom of the furnace trough, the furnace trough sealing cover (5) is arranged along the top of the furnace trough, the lava bed (6) is arranged along the lower part of the furnace bottom (4), and the lava trough (7) is arranged along the side edge of the lava bed (6); the inner wall of the furnace wall (1) is uniformly and fixedly provided with high-temperature resistant wall boards (11), and a water seal groove (13) is arranged along the periphery of the top; electrodes for resistance heating are respectively and fixedly arranged on the furnace head (2) and the furnace tail (3); the furnace bottom (4) is uniformly provided with lava leaks (42); the furnace tank sealing cover (5) is hermetically arranged on the water sealing tank (13); a slurry discharge port (61) is formed in the side edge of the lava bed (6), the bed surface is arranged in a slope-seeking mode towards the slurry discharge port (61) along the periphery, and a flow channel (62) leading to the lava groove (7) is formed in the slurry discharge port (61); the lava groove (7) is of a sealed groove body structure, and a magma inlet (711) is formed in the groove body (71) and used for installing and connecting the flow channel (62).
2. The electrolytic aluminum spent cathode carbon block high temperature treatment resistance furnace as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the furnace wall (1) is built by fireproof bricks, the high-temperature resistant wall boards (11) are uniformly distributed along the length direction of the furnace wall (1) by carbon boards, and insulating isolating strips (12) are vertically arranged between the adjacent high-temperature resistant wall boards (11).
3. The electrolytic aluminum spent cathode carbon block high temperature treatment resistance furnace as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the insulating isolating strips (12) are made of high-temperature-resistant fireproof insulating materials.
4. The electrolytic aluminum spent cathode carbon block high temperature treatment resistance furnace as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the furnace bottom (4) is formed by uniformly paving carbon plate beams (41), two ends of each carbon plate beam (41) are respectively fixed on the furnace walls (1) on two sides, and a gap is reserved between every two adjacent carbon plate beams (41) to serve as a lava leak seam (42).
5. The electrolytic aluminum spent cathode carbon block high temperature treatment resistance furnace as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the width of the lava leak (42) is set to be 1-2 cm.
6. The electrolytic aluminum spent cathode carbon block high temperature treatment resistance furnace as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the carbon plate beam (41) and the high-temperature resistant wallboard (11) of the furnace wall (1) are arranged in an insulating and isolating mode.
7. The electrolytic aluminum spent cathode carbon block high temperature treatment resistance furnace as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and a spraying device (51) is arranged at the bottom of the furnace groove sealing cover (5).
8. The electrolytic aluminum spent cathode carbon block high temperature treatment resistance furnace as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the lava bed (6) is paved by refractory bricks, and slurry discharge ports (61) are arranged by finding slopes in sections according to engineering requirements.
9. The electrolytic aluminum spent cathode carbon block high temperature treatment resistance furnace as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: a groove body (71) of the lava groove (7) is of a cooling jacket structure, a sealing cover (72) capable of being opened and sealed is arranged at the top of the lava groove, and a detachable lava box (73) is arranged inside the lava groove.
10. The electrolytic aluminum spent cathode carbon block high temperature treatment resistance furnace as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: lava box (73) is V style of calligraphy structure big-end-up, and the bottom is open structure, and top both sides are provided with and carry ear (731).
CN202110745592.XA 2021-07-01 2021-07-01 Electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block high-temperature treatment resistance furnace Pending CN113587640A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110745592.XA CN113587640A (en) 2021-07-01 2021-07-01 Electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block high-temperature treatment resistance furnace

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110745592.XA CN113587640A (en) 2021-07-01 2021-07-01 Electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block high-temperature treatment resistance furnace

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113587640A true CN113587640A (en) 2021-11-02

Family

ID=78245443

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202110745592.XA Pending CN113587640A (en) 2021-07-01 2021-07-01 Electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon block high-temperature treatment resistance furnace

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113587640A (en)

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