CN113587202A - Self-maintaining heat supply system and method with complementation of solar energy and fuel gas - Google Patents
Self-maintaining heat supply system and method with complementation of solar energy and fuel gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN113587202A CN113587202A CN202110819655.1A CN202110819655A CN113587202A CN 113587202 A CN113587202 A CN 113587202A CN 202110819655 A CN202110819655 A CN 202110819655A CN 113587202 A CN113587202 A CN 113587202A
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/0036—Domestic hot-water supply systems with combination of different kinds of heating means
- F24D17/0063—Domestic hot-water supply systems with combination of different kinds of heating means solar energy and conventional heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
- F24D19/1042—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating the system uses solar energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/02—Photovoltaic energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/04—Gas or oil fired boiler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/14—Solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solar energy and gas complementary heat photovoltaic self-maintaining heating system and a method. The solar heat collector collects solar radiation energy and converts the solar radiation energy into heat energy of heat conducting working media, and the heat conducting working media are heated by thermal photovoltaic waste heat flue gas and then circularly flow to the steam generator to be heated to supply water to generate hot water or steam. The electric power generated by the thermophotovoltaic is used for maintaining the operation energy consumption of the whole system, and the thermophotovoltaic discharges smoke to heat the heat conducting working medium, so that the energy gradient utilization is realized. At night or when the solar radiation quantity is insufficient, the supplementary combustion chamber is started to supply heat to the system, and meanwhile, the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device is started to supplement the power demand. The self-maintenance control system regulates the stable operation of the whole system, the whole system can realize self-maintenance under the condition of not accessing to a power grid, and continuous and stable heat energy is provided for users.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of thermal energy engineering and new energy, and particularly relates to a solar energy and gas complementary heating photovoltaic self-maintaining heating system and method.
Background
Solar energy is used as an important clean energy source, and has rich resources and no pollution. The efficient application of solar energy is an important measure for realizing energy conservation, emission reduction and sustainable development. As a medium-low temperature heat source, the most extensive utilization mode of solar energy is heat utilization, and mainly comprises solar heat collection and heat supply. However, solar energy is greatly affected by time domain, region and climate conditions, and the supply of solar energy is unstable, so that the complementation of solar energy and fuel energy through reasonable technical design is a key means for realizing the practical application of solar energy, fossil energy can be saved, and pollutant emission can be effectively controlled.
The maintenance of the operation of the heat supply system consumes partial electric energy, the partial energy is not consumed greatly, if the maintenance can be realized through the self generation of the system, the whole heat supply system is not influenced by regions and the state of a power grid, the system can adapt to the environment of remote regions, and the all-weather operation requirement is met.
Traditional electric energy production mainly passes through thermal power conversion device, including all kinds of power cycle engines, and these devices all contain rotating member, and the noise is high, and is bulky, and the miniaturization of parameter is difficult, is unfavorable for heating system's practical application.
Thermophotovoltaic is an emerging technology for directly converting thermal energy into electric energy, and mainly comprises a combustion chamber, an emitter, a filter and a photovoltaic cell. The heat energy generated by fuel combustion heats the radiator to generate high-temperature heat radiation, the high-temperature heat radiation is filtered by the filter to form usable wave bands, and the usable wave bands are returned to the non-convertible wave bands, so that the spectrum radiation suitable for the photovoltaic cell enters the cell to generate electric energy. The technology has no rotating parts and no noise. And the area of the thermophotovoltaic device can be adjusted according to the actual power requirement, and the parameter adjustment is more flexible. The thermophotovoltaic technology is introduced into a solar energy and fuel complementary heating system to serve as a source of self-sustaining electric energy, and the thermophotovoltaic technology has practical innovation and important application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an all-weather self-maintaining heating system and method capable of utilizing solar heating and gas thermophotovoltaic cogeneration to complement and mix
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a solar energy and gas complementary heat photovoltaic self-maintaining heating system, which comprises a heat photovoltaic power generation system, a heat accumulating type solar heat collecting system, a steam generation system and a self-maintaining control system, wherein the heat photovoltaic power generation system comprises a heat accumulator, a heat accumulator and a heat accumulator;
the thermal photovoltaic power generation system consists of a main thermal photovoltaic device and an auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device; the main thermophotovoltaic device and the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device are both provided with thermophotovoltaic start and stop assemblies, photovoltaic cells in the main thermophotovoltaic device and the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device are connected with a storage battery, and the storage battery is provided with a battery control chip and a charge and discharge controller;
the heat accumulating type solar heat collecting unit comprises a solar heat collector, a mixed heat accumulator and a variable frequency pump which are sequentially connected through a medium pipeline to form a first medium circulation loop, temperature sensors are arranged on the mixed heat accumulator and inlet and outlet pipelines of the mixed heat accumulator, and the solar heat collector is a groove type parabolic mirror collector and is provided with an automatic tracking system;
the steam generation system comprises a mixed heat accumulator, a stage 1 heat exchanger, a stage 2 heat exchanger, a stage 3 heat exchanger, a steam generator, a circulating pump and a supplementary combustion chamber, wherein the mixed heat accumulator, the stage 1 heat exchanger, the stage 2 heat exchanger, the stage 3 heat exchanger, the steam generator and the circulating pump are sequentially connected through a medium pipeline to form a second medium circulation loop, and the first medium circulation loop and the second medium circulation loop exchange heat in the mixed heat accumulator; the first-stage heat exchanger is connected with a flue gas outlet of the main thermophotovoltaic device through a flue gas flow channel, the second-stage heat exchanger is connected with a flue gas outlet of the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device, the third-stage heat exchanger is connected with a flue gas outlet of the supplementary combustion chamber, and high-temperature heat conduction oil in the second medium circulation loop heats feed water in the steam generator to generate steam or hot water; temperature sensors are arranged in outlet heat conduction oil pipelines of the level 1 heat exchanger, the level 2 heat exchanger and the level 3 heat exchanger, and a supplementary combustion chamber is provided with a supplementary combustion chamber starting and stopping assembly;
the self-maintenance control system is connected with the temperature sensors, receives data collected by the temperature sensors, is electrically connected with the supplementary combustion chamber start-stop component, the thermophotovoltaic start-stop component, the variable frequency pump, the circulating pump and the solar collector automatic tracking system, and controls the start-stop of the supplementary combustion chamber, the main thermophotovoltaic device, the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device, the variable frequency pump and the circulating pump and the start-stop and operation of the automatic tracking system.
Preferably, the self-maintenance control system, the solar automatic tracking system, the thermophotovoltaic start-stop assembly, the supplementary boiler start-stop assembly, the variable frequency pump and the circulating pump are all connected with the storage battery through leads to obtain electric energy, and the thermophotovoltaic battery is connected with the storage battery through leads to charge the storage battery; the whole thermal photovoltaic self-maintaining heat supply system does not need external power and can realize self-operation.
Preferably, a thermophotovoltaic combustion chamber is arranged in the main thermophotovoltaic device and the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device, a combustor is arranged in the thermophotovoltaic combustion chamber, and natural gas is used as fuel; the thermophotovoltaic start-stop assembly comprises a gas pipeline electromagnetic flow control valve, a fan and an ignition electrode, wherein the gas pipeline electromagnetic flow control valve is used for controlling gas flow in a gas pipeline, the fan is used for providing combustion-supporting air for a combustor, and the ignition electrode is used for ignition of gas.
Preferably, the supplementary combustion chamber start-stop assembly comprises a gas pipeline electromagnetic flow control valve, a fan and an ignition electrode, the gas pipeline electromagnetic flow control valve is used for controlling gas flow in the gas pipeline, the fan is used for providing combustion air for the combustor, and the ignition electrode is used for igniting gas.
Preferably, the storage batteries comprise two groups, and the two groups of storage batteries can be independently charged and discharged.
Preferably, the 1-stage heat exchanger, the 2-stage heat exchanger and the 3-stage heat exchanger are all shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and the flue gas and the heat-conducting working medium perform countercurrent heat exchange.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a solar energy and gas complementary heating photovoltaic self-maintaining heating method of the heating system, which comprises the following steps:
the solar heat collector receives and collects solar radiation energy, the solar radiation energy is reflected on the vacuum heat collecting tube positioned on the focal line, the vacuum heat collecting tube absorbs the solar radiation energy and converts the solar radiation energy into heat energy of a heat conducting working medium in the first medium circulation loop, the heat conducting working medium flows through the hybrid heat accumulator to increase the heat of the heat conducting working medium in the second medium circulation loop, the variable frequency pump of the first medium circulation loop controls the flow speed of the heat conducting working medium, and the heat conducting working medium enters the solar heat collector again after heat exchange so as to form circulation;
the heat conducting working medium of the second medium circulation loop is output from the hybrid heat accumulator, and is heated by the thermal photovoltaic waste heat flue gas and then circularly flows to the steam generator to heat water so as to generate steam with certain temperature and pressure;
the electric energy of the thermophotovoltaic power generation system is used for maintaining the self-operation of the self-maintaining heat supply system, and the exhaust smoke of the thermophotovoltaic power generation system heats the heat conducting working medium of the second medium circulation loop to realize the energy gradient utilization;
the self-maintenance control system is electrically connected with the thermophotovoltaic start-stop assembly and the supplementary combustion chamber start-stop assembly, and controls the start-stop of the main thermophotovoltaic device, the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device and the supplementary combustion chamber and the gas flow in the main thermophotovoltaic device, the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device and the supplementary combustion chamber; meanwhile, the self-maintenance control system detects the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium at each position according to the data of the temperature sensors at each position of the first medium circulation loop and the second medium circulation loop to obtain the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium at each position, detects the performance state of the battery according to the battery control chip to obtain the temperature of the flue gas according to the data of the temperature sensors at the tail flue of the combustion chamber; the self-maintenance control system controls the starting and stopping of the circulating pump, the variable frequency pump and the solar automatic tracking system, and the starting and stopping of the main thermal photovoltaic device, the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device and the supplementary combustion chamber and the gas flow based on the data of each sensor.
Preferably, when the sunlight is sufficient, the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium entering the hybrid heat accumulator in the first medium circulation loop is controlled to be 150-230 ℃, when the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium is higher than 230 ℃, the self-maintenance control system adjusts the output power of the variable frequency pump to be minimum, and when the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium at the inlet of the hybrid heat accumulator is lower than 210 ℃, the output power of the variable frequency pump is adjusted to be maximum; when the illumination is insufficient, the temperature of the heat conducting working medium at the inlet of the hybrid heat accumulator is low, and when the temperature of the heat conducting working medium is detected to be less than 150 ℃, the self-maintenance control system adjusts the output power of the variable frequency pump to be minimum;
in the second medium circulation loop, when the outlet temperature of the hybrid heat accumulator is lower than 200 ℃, the self-maintenance control system controls the main thermophotovoltaic device to be started to provide heat, and when the outlet temperature of the hybrid heat accumulator is higher than 230 ℃, the self-maintenance control system controls the main thermophotovoltaic device to be closed;
when the temperature of a heat-conducting working medium at the inlet of the steam generator is monitored to be lower than 200 ℃, the heat-conducting working medium is indicated to be at night or the solar radiation quantity is insufficient, at the moment, if the electric quantity of the storage battery is detected to be higher than 50%, the self-maintenance control system controls to start the supplementary combustion chamber to provide heat for the second medium circulation loop, when the electric quantity of the storage battery is detected to be not higher than 50%, the self-maintenance control system controls to start the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device, the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device provides heat and simultaneously supplements the electric power of the storage battery, when the electric quantity of the storage battery reaches 90%, the self-maintenance control system closes the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device, and starts the supplementary combustion chamber to provide heat for the second medium circulation loop, so that the whole thermal photovoltaic self-maintenance heat supply system can provide continuous and stable heat;
the self-maintenance control system ensures that the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium entering the steam generator is not lower than 200 ℃ by adjusting the thermal photovoltaic power generation system and the supplementary combustion chamber, when the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium at the inlet of the steam generator is monitored to reach 220 ℃, the self-maintenance control system adjusts the gas flow according to the sequence of the supplementary combustion chamber, the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device and the main thermal photovoltaic device, and closes or reduces the gas flow, so that the temperature of hot oil at the inlet of the steam generator is finally kept between 200 ℃ and 230 ℃, and the self-maintenance control system controls the flow of the water supply pump to enable the steam generator to generate steam with the temperature of 100 ℃ or hot water with the temperature of more than 60 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
the invention comprehensively utilizes solar energy and chemical energy of fuel, and can obviously reduce the consumption of the fuel and reduce the emission of pollutants compared with a system depending on the fuel alone. Compared with a system independently depending on solar energy, the system can effectively ensure the continuity of energy input of the system and realize the continuous and stable operation of the system.
The invention innovatively introduces the thermophotovoltaic device to provide energy input for the heat supply system, thereby realizing the self-running of the system. Compared with the traditional thermal power generation technology, the thermophotovoltaic device has no rotating device, low noise and simple structure, is beneficial to system miniaturization, and provides technical support for the practical application of the system.
The invention is provided with the main and auxiliary two-stage thermal photovoltaic devices, and can meet the power consumption requirements of the system under different conditions. In the invention, the thermophotovoltaic residual flue gas continuously heats the heat-conducting medium, thereby forming the principle of cogeneration effect and energy gradient utilization.
The invention designs a complete self-maintenance control system, can adjust and coordinate the orderly operation of each component of the system, adapts to different environmental conditions, can realize self-maintenance of the whole system under the condition of not accessing a power grid, and provides continuous and stable heat energy for users.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a solar and gas complementary heating photovoltaic self-sustaining heating system;
FIG. 2 is a control schematic of the self-sustaining control system of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of a thermophotovoltaic device.
In the figure: the system comprises a groove type solar heat collector 1, a hybrid heat accumulator 2, a variable frequency pump 3, a main thermophotovoltaic device 4, an auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device 5, a supplementary combustion chamber 6, a heat exchanger 7 No. 1, a heat exchanger 8 No. 2, a heat exchanger 9 No. 3, a steam generator 10, a circulating pump 11, feed water 12, steam/hot water 13 and fuel and air 14. A thermophotovoltaic combustion chamber 15; a selective radiator 16, a selective filter 17; a photovoltaic cell 18; a cooling system 19.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the solar energy and gas complementary heating photovoltaic self-sustaining heating system of the invention comprises a thermal photovoltaic power generation system, a solar heat collection unit, a steam generation unit and a self-sustaining control system;
the thermal photovoltaic power generation system consists of a main thermal photovoltaic device 4 and an auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device 5; the main thermophotovoltaic device 4 and the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device 5 are both provided with thermophotovoltaic start and stop assemblies, photovoltaic cells in the main thermophotovoltaic device and the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device are connected with a storage battery, and the storage battery is provided with a battery control chip and a charge and discharge controller;
the solar heat collection unit comprises a solar heat collector 1, a hybrid heat accumulator 2 and a variable frequency pump 3 which are sequentially connected through a medium pipeline to form a first medium circulation loop. The hybrid heat accumulator and the inlet and outlet pipelines thereof are both provided with temperature sensors, and the solar heat collector is a groove-type parabolic mirror heat collector and is provided with an automatic tracking system; after absorbing solar radiation energy, the solar heat collector 1 heats a heat-conducting medium and then enters the hybrid heat accumulator 2 from a 001 inlet to store heat; the medium is pumped out from an 002 outlet by a variable frequency pump 3 and re-enters the solar heat collector 1 to form a circulation.
The steam generation system comprises a hybrid heat accumulator 2, a stage 1 heat exchanger 7, a stage 2 heat exchanger 8, a stage 3 heat exchanger 9, a steam generator 10, a circulating pump 11 and a supplementary combustion chamber 6 which are connected in sequence through medium pipelines. Wherein the 1-stage heat exchanger 7 is connected with the flue gas outlet of the main thermophotovoltaic device 4 through a flue gas flow passage, the 2-stage heat exchanger 8 is connected with the flue gas outlet of the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device 5 through a flue gas pipeline, and the 3-stage heat exchanger 9 is connected with the flue gas outlet of the supplementary burner 6. The high-temperature heat conduction oil in the second medium circulation loop heats the feed water in the steam generator to generate steam or hot water; temperature sensors are arranged in outlet heat conduction oil pipelines of the level 1 heat exchanger, the level 2 heat exchanger and the level 3 heat exchanger, and a supplementary combustion chamber is provided with a supplementary combustion chamber starting and stopping assembly;
the self-maintenance control system is connected with the temperature sensors, receives data collected by the temperature sensors, is electrically connected with the supplementary combustion chamber start-stop component, the thermophotovoltaic start-stop component, the variable frequency pump, the circulating pump and the solar collector automatic tracking system, and controls the start-stop of the supplementary combustion chamber, the main thermophotovoltaic device, the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device, the variable frequency pump and the circulating pump and the start-stop and operation of the automatic tracking system.
The invention utilizes the waste heat of the main thermal photovoltaic device 4 and the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device 5 to heat the heat-conducting medium and charge the storage battery, and supplies heat through the supplementary combustion chamber 6 when needed, and the obtained high-temperature heat-conducting medium heats the water 12 in the steam generator 10 to generate steam or hot water 13 to meet the requirements of users.
As shown in fig. 3, in a particular embodiment of the invention, the thermophotovoltaic device comprises in particular a thermophotovoltaic combustion chamber 15, a selective radiator 16, a selective filter 17; the system comprises a photovoltaic cell 18, a cooling system 19 and a thermophotovoltaic start-stop assembly; the outer wall of the combustion chamber 15 is provided with a selective radiator 16, the photovoltaic cell 18 is arranged around the outer wall of the combustion chamber 15, and a selective filter 17 is arranged between the selective radiator 16 and the photovoltaic cell 18; the cooling system 19 is arranged on the back of the photovoltaic cells 18;
the thermophotovoltaic combustion chamber 15 is of a hexagonal prism structure, the outer wall of the thermophotovoltaic combustion chamber is covered and installed with a selective radiator 16, and the selective filter 17 and the photovoltaic cell 18 are arranged in parallel with the wall surface surrounding the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is made of high-temperature-resistant 316 stainless steel, silicon carbide is coated inside the combustion chamber to improve the emissivity, the wall surface of the combustion chamber is parallel to a photovoltaic cell, the photovoltaic cell is a gallium antimonide cell with the cutoff wavelength of 1.8 mu m, the matching parts of the photovoltaic cell further comprise a storage battery, a charge and discharge controller and other electricity storage devices, and the electricity is produced to maintain the operation of a circulating pump, a heat collector and a control system of the system. The selective radiator is a rare earth oxide radiator or a metamaterial radiator; the selective filter is a one-dimensional periodic silicon/silicon dioxide photonic crystal film type filter. By means of the adjusting action of the selective radiator and the selective filter, spectral radiation with a wavelength of less than 1.8 μm can be selected. The battery cooling channel is of a parallel plate structure, and the turbulence fins are arranged in the channel to improve the heat exchange strength. The cooling channel is connected with a cooling medium circulating system through a pipeline, the cooling medium is water, and the cooling water channel is designed as a coiled pipe and is arranged on the back of the battery to keep the temperature of the battery between 20 and 30 ℃, so that high efficiency is kept.
The self-maintenance control system, the solar automatic tracking system, the thermophotovoltaic start-stop assembly, the supplementary boiler start-stop assembly, the variable frequency pump and the circulating pump are all connected with the storage battery through leads to obtain electric energy, and the thermophotovoltaic battery is connected with the storage battery through leads to charge the storage battery; the whole thermal photovoltaic self-maintaining heat supply system does not need external power and can realize self-operation.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a control schematic diagram of the self-sustaining control system of the present invention, the self-sustaining control system is respectively in control connection with the solar collector automatic tracking system, the thermal photovoltaic start-stop assembly, the supplementary boiler start-stop assembly, the variable frequency pump, the circulating pump and the storage battery, the self-sustaining control system obtains temperature data of each temperature sensor and current electric quantity and working state data of the storage battery, and the self-sustaining control system adjusts the pose of the solar collector through the solar collector automatic tracking system to achieve the optimal solar energy receiving state; the main thermophotovoltaic device and the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device are controlled to start and stop and gas flow regulation through the thermophotovoltaic start-stop assembly, the supplementary combustion chamber is controlled to start and stop and gas flow regulation is controlled through the supplementary combustion chamber start-stop assembly, the flow speed of a first medium circulation loop is regulated through the variable frequency pump, the flow speed of a second medium circulation loop is regulated through the circulating pump, and the charge-discharge state of the storage battery can be controlled. Further, the self-sustaining control system may be connected to the feedwater system to control the feedwater flow of the steam generator.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the solar thermal collector 1 is a trough type solar thermal collector, which receives and collects solar radiation energy, and reflects the solar radiation energy to an evacuated collector tube located on a focal line, the evacuated collector tube absorbs the solar radiation energy and converts the solar radiation energy into heat energy of a heat conducting oil working medium in the evacuated collector tube, the heat conducting medium is Thermo60 heat conducting oil, the medium-high temperature heat conducting oil flows into the hybrid heat accumulator through a 001 inlet to increase the heat of the heat conducting oil therein, and the medium-temperature heat conducting oil is pumped out from a 002 outlet at the other end of the hybrid heat accumulator through a variable frequency pump and re-enters the solar thermal collector to form a cycle.
The medium temperature heat conduction working medium in the hybrid heat reservoir 2 sequentially enters the heat exchanger No. 1, the heat exchanger No. 2 and the heat exchanger No. 3 through an outlet No. 004, and the circulating flow is heated to the steam generator to heat water supply through the waste heat and smoke of the main thermophotovoltaic device, so that hot water or steam with certain temperature and pressure is generated.
The power generation of the thermophotovoltaic device is mainly used for maintaining the self-running of the system, and the main thermophotovoltaic device discharges smoke and heats the heat-conducting working medium through the No. 1 heat exchanger, so that the energy gradient utilization is realized. The system may use the controller to apply appropriate operating strategies to achieve coordination of solar energy with fuel combustion.
When the sunlight is sufficient, the temperature of a heat-conducting working medium entering the hybrid heat accumulator in the first medium circulation loop is controlled to be 150-230 ℃, when the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium is higher than 230 ℃, the self-maintenance control system adjusts the output power of the variable frequency pump to be minimum, and when the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium at the inlet of the hybrid heat accumulator is lower than 210 ℃, the output power of the variable frequency pump is adjusted to be maximum; when the illumination is insufficient, the temperature of the heat conducting working medium at the inlet of the hybrid heat accumulator is low, and when the temperature of the heat conducting working medium is detected to be less than 150 ℃, the self-maintenance control system adjusts the output power of the variable frequency pump to be minimum.
In the second medium circulation loop, when the outlet temperature of the hybrid heat accumulator is lower than 200 ℃, the self-maintenance control system controls the main thermophotovoltaic device to be started to provide heat, and when the outlet temperature of the hybrid heat accumulator is higher than 230 ℃, the self-maintenance control system controls the main thermophotovoltaic device to be stopped.
When the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium at the inlet of the steam generator is monitored to be lower than 200 ℃, the temperature is indicated to be at night or the solar radiation quantity is insufficient, at the moment, if the electric quantity of the storage battery is detected to be higher than 50%, the self-maintenance control system controls the supplementary combustion chamber to supply heat to the second medium circulation loop, when the electric quantity of the storage battery is detected to be not higher than 50%, the self-maintenance control system controls the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device to be started, the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device supplies heat and simultaneously supplies the electric power of the storage battery, when the electric quantity of the storage battery reaches 90%, the self-maintenance control system closes the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device, the supplementary combustion chamber is started to supply heat to the second medium circulation loop, and therefore the whole thermal photovoltaic self-maintenance heat supply system is guaranteed to supply continuous and stable heat.
The self-maintenance control system ensures that the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium entering the steam generator is not lower than 200 ℃ by adjusting the thermal photovoltaic power generation system and the supplementary combustion chamber, when the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium at the inlet of the steam generator is monitored to reach 220 ℃, the self-maintenance control system reduces the gas flow or closes according to the priority sequence of the supplementary combustion chamber, the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device and the main thermal photovoltaic device, so that the temperature of hot oil at the inlet of the steam generator is finally kept between 200 ℃ and 230 ℃, and the self-maintenance control system controls the flow of the water supply pump to enable the steam generator to generate steam with the temperature of 100 ℃ or hot water with the temperature of more than 60 ℃.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A solar energy and gas complementary heat photovoltaic self-maintaining heating system is characterized by comprising a heat photovoltaic power generation system, a heat accumulating type solar heat collection system, a steam generation system and a self-maintaining control system;
the thermal photovoltaic power generation system consists of a main thermal photovoltaic device and an auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device; the main thermophotovoltaic device and the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device are both provided with thermophotovoltaic start and stop assemblies, photovoltaic cells in the main thermophotovoltaic device and the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device are connected with a storage battery, and the storage battery is provided with a battery control chip and a charge and discharge controller;
the heat accumulating type solar heat collecting unit comprises a solar heat collector, a mixed heat accumulator and a variable frequency pump which are sequentially connected through a medium pipeline to form a first medium circulation loop, temperature sensors are arranged on the mixed heat accumulator and inlet and outlet pipelines of the mixed heat accumulator, and the solar heat collector is a groove type parabolic mirror collector and is provided with an automatic tracking system;
the steam generation system comprises a mixed heat accumulator, a stage 1 heat exchanger, a stage 2 heat exchanger, a stage 3 heat exchanger, a steam generator, a circulating pump and a supplementary combustion chamber, wherein the mixed heat accumulator, the stage 1 heat exchanger, the stage 2 heat exchanger, the stage 3 heat exchanger, the steam generator and the circulating pump are sequentially connected through a medium pipeline to form a second medium circulation loop, and the first medium circulation loop and the second medium circulation loop exchange heat in the mixed heat accumulator; the first-stage heat exchanger is connected with a flue gas outlet of the main thermophotovoltaic device through a flue gas flow channel, the second-stage heat exchanger is connected with a flue gas outlet of the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device, the third-stage heat exchanger is connected with a flue gas outlet of the supplementary combustion chamber, and high-temperature heat conduction oil in the second medium circulation loop heats feed water in the steam generator to generate steam or hot water; temperature sensors are arranged in outlet heat conduction oil pipelines of the level 1 heat exchanger, the level 2 heat exchanger and the level 3 heat exchanger, and a supplementary combustion chamber is provided with a supplementary combustion chamber starting and stopping assembly;
the self-maintenance control system is connected with the temperature sensors, receives data collected by the temperature sensors, is electrically connected with the supplementary combustion chamber start-stop component, the thermophotovoltaic start-stop component, the variable frequency pump, the circulating pump and the solar collector automatic tracking system, and controls the start-stop of the supplementary combustion chamber, the main thermophotovoltaic device, the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device, the variable frequency pump and the circulating pump and the start-stop and operation of the automatic tracking system.
2. The solar energy and gas complementary heating photovoltaic self-sustaining heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the self-maintenance control system, the solar automatic tracking system, the thermophotovoltaic start-stop assembly, the supplementary boiler start-stop assembly, the variable frequency pump and the circulating pump are all connected with the storage battery through leads to obtain electric energy, and the thermophotovoltaic battery is connected with the storage battery through leads to charge the storage battery; the whole thermal photovoltaic self-maintaining heat supply system does not need external power and can realize self-operation.
3. The solar energy and gas complementary heating photovoltaic self-sustaining heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main thermophotovoltaic device and the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device are internally provided with thermophotovoltaic combustion chambers, burners are arranged in the thermophotovoltaic combustion chambers, and natural gas is used as fuel; the thermophotovoltaic start-stop assembly comprises a gas pipeline electromagnetic flow control valve, a fan and an ignition electrode, wherein the gas pipeline electromagnetic flow control valve is used for controlling gas flow in a gas pipeline, the fan is used for providing combustion-supporting air for a combustor, and the ignition electrode is used for ignition of gas.
4. The solar energy and gas complementary heat photovoltaic self-sustaining heating system according to claim 1, wherein the supplementary combustion chamber start-stop assembly comprises a gas pipeline electromagnetic flow control valve, a fan and an ignition electrode, the gas pipeline electromagnetic flow control valve is used for controlling gas flow in the gas pipeline, the fan is used for providing combustion air for the burner, and the ignition electrode is used for ignition of gas.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the batteries comprise two groups, and the two groups of batteries can be charged and discharged independently.
6. The solar energy and gas complementary heating photovoltaic self-sustaining heating system according to claim 1, wherein the 1-stage heat exchanger, the 2-stage heat exchanger and the 3-stage heat exchanger are all shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and the flue gas and the heat conducting working medium perform countercurrent heat exchange.
7. A solar energy and gas complementary heating photovoltaic self-sustaining heating method of the heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the solar heat collector receives and collects solar radiation energy, the solar radiation energy is reflected on the vacuum heat collecting tube positioned on the focal line, the vacuum heat collecting tube absorbs the solar radiation energy and converts the solar radiation energy into heat energy of a heat conducting working medium in the first medium circulation loop, the heat conducting working medium flows through the hybrid heat accumulator to increase the heat of the heat conducting working medium in the second medium circulation loop, the variable frequency pump of the first medium circulation loop controls the flow speed of the heat conducting working medium, and the heat conducting working medium enters the solar heat collector again after heat exchange so as to form circulation;
the heat conducting working medium of the second medium circulation loop is output from the hybrid heat accumulator, and is heated by the thermal photovoltaic waste heat flue gas and then circularly flows to the steam generator to heat water so as to generate steam with certain temperature and pressure;
the electric energy of the thermophotovoltaic power generation system is used for maintaining the self-operation of the self-maintaining heat supply system, and the exhaust smoke of the thermophotovoltaic power generation system heats the heat conducting working medium of the second medium circulation loop to realize the energy gradient utilization;
the self-maintenance control system is electrically connected with the thermophotovoltaic start-stop assembly and the supplementary combustion chamber start-stop assembly, and controls the start-stop of the main thermophotovoltaic device, the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device and the supplementary combustion chamber and the gas flow in the main thermophotovoltaic device, the auxiliary thermophotovoltaic device and the supplementary combustion chamber; meanwhile, the self-maintenance control system detects the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium at each position according to the data of the temperature sensors at each position of the first medium circulation loop and the second medium circulation loop to obtain the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium at each position, detects the performance state of the battery according to the battery control chip to obtain the temperature of the flue gas according to the data of the temperature sensors at the tail flue of the combustion chamber; the self-maintenance control system controls the starting and stopping of the circulating pump, the variable frequency pump and the solar automatic tracking system, and the starting and stopping of the main thermal photovoltaic device, the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device and the supplementary combustion chamber and the gas flow based on the data of each sensor.
8. A solar energy and gas complementary heating photovoltaic self-sustaining heating method of the heating system according to claim 7, characterized in that:
when the sunlight is sufficient, the temperature of a heat-conducting working medium entering the hybrid heat accumulator in the first medium circulation loop is controlled to be 150-230 ℃, when the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium is higher than 230 ℃, the self-maintenance control system adjusts the output power of the variable frequency pump to be minimum, and when the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium at the inlet of the hybrid heat accumulator is lower than 210 ℃, the output power of the variable frequency pump is adjusted to be maximum; when the illumination is insufficient, the temperature of the heat conducting working medium at the inlet of the hybrid heat accumulator is low, and when the temperature of the heat conducting working medium is detected to be less than 150 ℃, the self-maintenance control system adjusts the output power of the variable frequency pump to be minimum;
in the second medium circulation loop, when the outlet temperature of the hybrid heat accumulator is lower than 200 ℃, the self-maintenance control system controls the main thermophotovoltaic device to be started to provide heat, and when the outlet temperature of the hybrid heat accumulator is higher than 230 ℃, the self-maintenance control system controls the main thermophotovoltaic device to be closed;
when the temperature of a heat-conducting working medium at the inlet of the steam generator is monitored to be lower than 200 ℃, the heat-conducting working medium is indicated to be at night or the solar radiation quantity is insufficient, at the moment, if the electric quantity of the storage battery is detected to be higher than 50%, the self-maintenance control system controls to start the supplementary combustion chamber to provide heat for the second medium circulation loop, when the electric quantity of the storage battery is detected to be not higher than 50%, the self-maintenance control system controls to start the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device, the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device provides heat and simultaneously supplements the electric power of the storage battery, when the electric quantity of the storage battery reaches 90%, the self-maintenance control system closes the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device, and starts the supplementary combustion chamber to provide heat for the second medium circulation loop, so that the whole thermal photovoltaic self-maintenance heat supply system can provide continuous and stable heat;
the self-maintenance control system ensures that the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium entering the steam generator is not lower than 200 ℃ by adjusting the thermal photovoltaic power generation system and the supplementary combustion chamber, when the temperature of the heat-conducting working medium at the inlet of the steam generator is monitored to reach 220 ℃, the self-maintenance control system adjusts the gas flow according to the sequence of the supplementary combustion chamber, the auxiliary thermal photovoltaic device and the main thermal photovoltaic device, and closes or reduces the gas flow, so that the temperature of hot oil at the inlet of the steam generator is finally kept between 200 ℃ and 230 ℃, and the self-maintenance control system controls the flow of the water supply pump to enable the steam generator to generate steam with the temperature of 100 ℃ or hot water with the temperature of more than 60 ℃.
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