CN103426962A - Novel distributed cogeneration system utilizing solar energy and chemical energy of fuel - Google Patents
Novel distributed cogeneration system utilizing solar energy and chemical energy of fuel Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910005542 GaSb Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 108010063290 Aquaporins Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013082 photovoltaic technology Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于光伏技术领域，具体涉及一种利用太阳能和燃料化学能的新型分布式热电联产系统，该系统包括太阳能光伏电池、热源、热辐射器、热光伏电池、烟气换热器及冷却设备。其特征在于：所述系统包括太阳能光伏和热光伏；所述烟气换热器包括烟气管道和水通道；所述冷却设备由水泵及冷却水管组成，冷却水管依次经过热光伏电池、太阳能光伏电池，延伸至烟气换热器的水通道，将冷却水最终加热成高温热水。本发明的有益效果在于：由于有了热光伏发电系统的补充，使得系统在输出电能稳定性方面相比于太阳能光伏有了较大提升；由于是热电联产系统，回收了热能，在输出电能的同时，也能输出热能，相比于单独的热光伏系统和太阳能光伏系统，系统的总效率得到较大提升。
The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, and specifically relates to a novel distributed heat and power cogeneration system utilizing solar energy and fuel chemical energy. The system includes solar photovoltaic cells, heat sources, heat radiators, thermal photovoltaic cells, flue gas heat exchangers and cooling equipment. It is characterized in that: the system includes solar photovoltaics and thermal photovoltaics; the flue gas heat exchanger includes flue gas pipes and water channels; the cooling equipment is composed of water pumps and cooling water pipes, and the cooling water pipes pass through thermal photovoltaic cells, solar photovoltaic The battery extends to the water channel of the flue gas heat exchanger, and finally heats the cooling water into high-temperature hot water. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: due to the supplement of the thermal photovoltaic power generation system, the stability of the output power of the system has been greatly improved compared with that of solar photovoltaic; because it is a combined heat and power system, the heat energy is recovered, and the output power of the system is improved. At the same time, it can also output thermal energy. Compared with a separate thermal photovoltaic system and solar photovoltaic system, the total efficiency of the system is greatly improved.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于光伏技术领域，具体涉及太阳能光伏和热光伏整体系统装置，是基于提高原有的太阳能光伏和热光伏系统的整体效率和稳定性实用性而进行的设计，以达到节能减排的目的。The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, and specifically relates to solar photovoltaic and thermal photovoltaic integrated system devices. It is designed based on improving the overall efficiency, stability and practicability of the original solar photovoltaic and thermal photovoltaic systems, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction .
背景技术Background technique
太阳能是一种绿色环保可再生能源，而且随处可见，可就地利用。太阳能利用技术近年得到不断发展，其中太阳能光伏发电系统正是利用太阳能的有效途径，它具有如下优点：无噪声，无污染，能量随处可得，不受地域限制，无需消耗燃料，容易储存，还可以方便地与建筑物相结合等，这些优点都是常规发电和其它发电方式所不能比拟的。热光伏发电是将各种诸如燃料的燃烧热、废热、太阳能、放射性同位素热源等产生的热量，通过热辐射发射器转变为红外波段的辐射能，该辐射能投射到热光伏电池上转变为电能。热光伏发电在理论上可以获得较高的转换效率，并且具有对多种燃料的适应性、无运动部件、易于维护、高功率密度、无噪声运行与低辐射等优点。但目前的太阳能光伏发电系统和热光伏发电系统，都只输出电能，而且在各自单独运行时，太阳能光伏发电易受天气和光照条件的影响，热光伏发电也存在效率不高的缺点。Solar energy is a kind of green and environmentally friendly renewable energy, and it can be seen everywhere and can be used locally. Solar energy utilization technology has been continuously developed in recent years. Solar photovoltaic power generation system is an effective way to utilize solar energy. It can be easily combined with buildings, etc. These advantages are unmatched by conventional power generation and other power generation methods. Thermal photovoltaic power generation is to convert the heat generated by various fuel combustion heat, waste heat, solar energy, radioactive isotope heat sources, etc. into infrared radiation energy through thermal radiation emitters, and the radiation energy is projected onto thermal photovoltaic cells and converted into electrical energy . Thermal photovoltaic power generation can theoretically obtain high conversion efficiency, and has the advantages of adaptability to various fuels, no moving parts, easy maintenance, high power density, noiseless operation, and low radiation. However, the current solar photovoltaic power generation system and thermal photovoltaic power generation system only output electric energy, and when they are operated independently, solar photovoltaic power generation is easily affected by weather and light conditions, and thermal photovoltaic power generation also has the disadvantage of low efficiency.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是为了解决现有技术中单独使用太阳能光伏系统或热光伏系统而产生的不足，而将太阳能光伏系统或热光伏系统有机整合，以提高太阳能光伏和热光伏系统的整体效率和稳定性实用性。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of using solar photovoltaic system or thermal photovoltaic system alone in the prior art, and organically integrate solar photovoltaic system or thermal photovoltaic system to improve the overall efficiency and stability of solar photovoltaic and thermal photovoltaic systems practicality.
本发明在传统太阳能光伏系统和热光伏系统的基础上做了以下改进：The present invention makes the following improvements on the basis of traditional solar photovoltaic systems and thermal photovoltaic systems:
(1)由于不断地接受辐射能，光伏电池温度会不断升高，其效率会下降。据研究显示，在辐射源温度为1227℃时，电池温度为25℃情况下电池转换效率为25%，而当电池温度为130℃时，电池的转换效率则降低为17%。因此，可以在光伏电池的背部增加水冷却系统，以维持在恒定低温下工作，避免因温度升高带来的光电转换效率下降。(1) Due to the continuous acceptance of radiant energy, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell will continue to rise, and its efficiency will decrease. According to research, when the temperature of the radiation source is 1227°C, the conversion efficiency of the battery is 25% when the temperature of the battery is 25°C, and the conversion efficiency of the battery is reduced to 17% when the temperature of the battery is 130°C. Therefore, a water cooling system can be added on the back of the photovoltaic cell to maintain a constant low temperature and avoid a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency due to temperature rise.
(2)在没有任何热回收措施的情况下，大量的能量就浪费掉了。如果高温燃烧产物直接排放，不仅浪费能源，还对环境造成危害。因此在热光伏系统的排烟出口加一个换热设备，以降温排放温度，输出经逐级加热的热水，达到热电联产的目的，提高整个系统的效率。(2) In the absence of any heat recovery measures, a large amount of energy is wasted. If the high-temperature combustion products are directly discharged, it will not only waste energy, but also cause harm to the environment. Therefore, a heat exchange device is added to the exhaust outlet of the thermal photovoltaic system to reduce the exhaust temperature and output hot water heated step by step to achieve the purpose of cogeneration and improve the efficiency of the entire system.
(3)太阳能光伏系统易受天气变化和光照条件的影响，系统输出电能的稳定性难以保证。因此，热光伏系统的加入，是对太阳能光伏系统输出电能的良好调节，以维持输出电能的稳定性。(3) The solar photovoltaic system is easily affected by weather changes and light conditions, and the stability of the system's output power is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, the addition of the thermal photovoltaic system is a good adjustment of the output power of the solar photovoltaic system to maintain the stability of the output power.
本发明通过以下技术方案得以实现：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种新型分布式热电联产系统，包括热源、热辐射器、热光伏电池、烟气换热器及冷却设备，所述烟气换热器包括烟气管道和水通道，烟气管道与热辐射器的烟气排放出口相连；该系统还包括太阳能光伏电池，所述太阳能光伏电池与热光伏电池相串联；A new type of distributed heat and power cogeneration system, including heat sources, heat radiators, thermal photovoltaic cells, flue gas heat exchangers and cooling equipment, the flue gas heat exchangers include flue gas pipes and water channels, flue gas pipes and heat The flue gas discharge outlet of the radiator is connected; the system also includes a solar photovoltaic cell connected in series with a thermal photovoltaic cell;
所述冷却设备由水泵及冷却水管组成，冷却水管延伸至烟气换热器的水通道；所述冷却系统的冷却水管依次经过热光伏电池与太阳能光伏电池，冷却水经换热后成低温热水，再经过烟气换热器与热辐射器高温烟气换热，进一步加热成高温热水。The cooling equipment is composed of a water pump and a cooling water pipe, and the cooling water pipe extends to the water channel of the flue gas heat exchanger; the cooling water pipe of the cooling system passes through the thermal photovoltaic cell and the solar photovoltaic cell in turn, and the cooling water is converted into low-temperature heat after heat exchange. The water is then exchanged between the flue gas heat exchanger and the high-temperature flue gas of the heat radiator, and is further heated into high-temperature hot water.
进一步的，所述太阳能光伏电池采用单晶硅电池，热光伏电池采用GaSb电池，环形布置在热光伏系统的外围，接收来自辐射器发出的辐射能。Further, the solar photovoltaic cells are monocrystalline silicon cells, and the thermal photovoltaic cells are GaSb cells, which are arranged in a ring around the periphery of the thermal photovoltaic system to receive radiant energy from radiators.
进一步的，所述热辐射器采用柱形，外壁面材料采用SiC，与GaSb光伏电池匹配；热辐射器内的燃烧室采用多孔介质填充。Further, the heat radiator adopts a cylindrical shape, and the material of the outer wall surface is SiC, which is matched with the GaSb photovoltaic cell; the combustion chamber in the heat radiator is filled with a porous medium.
进一步的，在热辐射器与光伏电池之间布置光子过滤器，将大于禁带波长的光子反射回辐射器。Further, a photon filter is arranged between the thermal radiator and the photovoltaic cell to reflect photons with a wavelength greater than the forbidden band back to the radiator.
进一步的，所述烟气换热器采用套管式换热器，烟气与热水隔开，逆流换热，包括低温热水入口、高温热水出口、高温烟气入口、排烟出口、冷却水通及烟气通道；所述低温热水入口与流经太阳能光伏电池的冷却水管相连通，高温烟气入口与热辐射器高温烟气出口相连通，所述的烟气通道为蛇形。Further, the flue gas heat exchanger adopts a casing heat exchanger, and the flue gas is separated from the hot water for countercurrent heat exchange, including a low-temperature hot water inlet, a high-temperature hot water outlet, a high-temperature flue gas inlet, a smoke exhaust outlet, Cooling water passage and flue gas passage; the low-temperature hot water inlet is connected with the cooling water pipe flowing through the solar photovoltaic cell, the high-temperature flue gas inlet is connected with the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the heat radiator, and the flue gas passage is serpentine .
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1）用水冷却光伏电池，有效的降低了太阳能光伏电池和热光伏电池因接收辐射能而造成的自身温度升高，不仅能提高光伏电池的电效率，还能提高设备的运行寿命。1) Cooling photovoltaic cells with water can effectively reduce the temperature rise of solar photovoltaic cells and thermal photovoltaic cells caused by receiving radiant energy, which can not only improve the electrical efficiency of photovoltaic cells, but also improve the operating life of equipment.
2）由于是热电联产系统，回收了热能，在输出电能的同时，也能输出热能，相比于单独的热光伏系统和太阳能光伏系统，系统的总效率得到提升。2) Since it is a combined heat and power system, heat energy is recovered, and heat energy can also be output while outputting electric energy. Compared with a separate thermal photovoltaic system and solar photovoltaic system, the overall efficiency of the system is improved.
3）由于是结合了太阳能光伏系统和热光伏系统，能最大限度的利用太阳能，不仅可以实现节约能源的目的，又能提高系统输出电能的稳定性，在各种天气条件下全天候稳定地供电供热。3) Due to the combination of solar photovoltaic system and thermal photovoltaic system, it can maximize the use of solar energy, which can not only achieve the purpose of saving energy, but also improve the stability of system output power, and provide stable power supply all day long under various weather conditions. hot.
4）系统负荷的调节比较方便，可以调节冷却水的流量和燃料的供给量，能实现对输出电能和热能的调节，以适应负荷的变化。4) The adjustment of the system load is relatively convenient, the flow of cooling water and the supply of fuel can be adjusted, and the output of electric energy and thermal energy can be adjusted to adapt to the change of load.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是新型分布式热电联产系统原理图。其中，1.水泵；2.太阳能光伏电池；3.热光伏电池；4.烟气换热器；5.热辐射器；6.热源。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the new distributed cogeneration system. Among them, 1. water pump; 2. solar photovoltaic cell; 3. thermal photovoltaic cell; 4. flue gas heat exchanger; 5. heat radiator; 6. heat source.
图2是系统的能量流程图。Figure 2 is the energy flow chart of the system.
图3是套管式换热器结构图及A-A截面图。Fig. 3 is a structural diagram and A-A sectional view of the sleeve-and-tube heat exchanger.
图4是套管式换热器A-A截面图。Fig. 4 is an A-A sectional view of the sleeve-and-tube heat exchanger.
图中：7.低温热水入口；8.高温热水出口；9.高温烟气入口；10.排烟出口；11.冷却水通道；12.烟气通道。In the figure: 7. Low temperature hot water inlet; 8. High temperature hot water outlet; 9. High temperature flue gas inlet; 10. Smoke exhaust outlet; 11. Cooling water channel; 12. Flue gas channel.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示是新型分布式热电联产系统原理图，在传统的太阳能光伏系统和热光伏系统的基础上进行改进，在光伏电池板的背面增加热冷却系统。由水泵1驱动冷却水系统，依次经过太阳能光伏电池2、热光伏电池3的换热，成为低温热水；再经过烟气换热器4与热辐射器5排出的高温烟气换热，进一步加热成高温热水后输出。在太阳光照充足时，输出电能完全由太阳能光伏系统产生；在太阳光照不足时，输出电能需要由热光伏系统补充，燃料经燃烧后加热热辐射器5，成为热光伏电池的热源6，输出电能。As shown in Figure 1 is the schematic diagram of the new distributed cogeneration system, which is improved on the basis of the traditional solar photovoltaic system and thermal photovoltaic system, and a thermal cooling system is added on the back of the photovoltaic panel. The cooling water system is driven by the water pump 1, and then through the heat exchange of the solar photovoltaic cell 2 and the thermal photovoltaic cell 3, it turns into low-temperature hot water; and then passes through the heat exchange of the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the flue gas heat exchanger 4 and the heat radiator 5, further After being heated into high-temperature hot water, it is output. When the sunlight is sufficient, the output electric energy is completely generated by the solar photovoltaic system; when the sunlight is insufficient, the output electric energy needs to be supplemented by the thermal photovoltaic system, and the fuel is burned to heat the thermal radiator 5, which becomes the heat source 6 of the thermal photovoltaic cell, and the electric energy is output .
如图2所示是系统的能量流程图。在光照充足的条件下，太阳能光伏电池输出的电能就能满足一般的用电能耗，冷却水温从T0加热到T1，输出热能的热水温度就是T1；在光照不足的条件下，太阳能光伏电池输出的电能不足，需要补充燃烧加热辐射器，由热光伏电池发出电能，保证稳定的输出电能，冷却水温就从T0加热到最终的T3；在没有光照的条件下，完全由热光伏电池发出电能，冷却水温就从T2（T2=T0）加热到最终的T3。通过在光电池表面布置热电偶，测得光电池表面温度以调节冷却水的流量，使光电池的表面温度维持在恒定低温下，光电转换效率维持在较高水平；通过输出电能的反馈，调节热光伏系统燃料的供给量，以稳定的输出电能；通过三级高温热水温度的反馈，调节冷却水的流量，以输出符合需求的热能。As shown in Figure 2 is the energy flow chart of the system. Under the condition of sufficient light, the electric energy output by the solar photovoltaic cell can meet the general power consumption. The electric energy output by the solar photovoltaic cell is insufficient, and it is necessary to supplement the combustion heating radiator, and the electric energy is generated by the thermal photovoltaic cell to ensure stable output electric energy, and the cooling water temperature is heated from T 0 to the final T 3 ; Thermal photovoltaic cells generate electricity, and the cooling water temperature is heated from T 2 (T 2 =T 0 ) to the final T 3 . By arranging thermocouples on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, the surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell is measured to adjust the flow of cooling water, so that the surface temperature of the photovoltaic cell is maintained at a constant low temperature, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is maintained at a high level; through the feedback of the output electric energy, the thermal photovoltaic system is adjusted. The supply of fuel is used to output electric energy stably; through the feedback of the temperature of the three-stage high-temperature hot water, the flow of cooling water is adjusted to output heat energy that meets the demand.
如图3是套管式换热器原理图，其A-A截面如图4。经热光伏电池换热后的低温热水经过烟气换热器再与高温烟气换热，进一步加热成三级高温热水。二级低温热水进入低温热水入口7，而高温烟气从入口9进入，烟气通道12在冷却水通道11的外围,水与烟气逆流换热，以增强换热效果。经过再次换热后，从出口8得到三级高温热水，烟气则从出口10排出。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the casing heat exchanger, and its A-A section is shown in Figure 4. The low-temperature hot water after heat exchange by thermal photovoltaic cells passes through the flue gas heat exchanger and then exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas, and is further heated into three-stage high-temperature hot water. The secondary low-temperature hot water enters the low-temperature
进一步地，太阳能光伏电池采用单晶硅电池，其热电转换效率比较高可大面积采用；热光伏电池采用GaSb电池，环形布置在热光伏系统的外围，接收来自辐射器发出的辐射能；辐射器采用柱形，外壁面材料采用SiC，以便与GaSb光伏电池匹配；辐射器内的燃烧室采用多孔介质填充，得到的辐射器外表面温度更均匀，产生的辐射效果更好。在辐射器与光伏电池之间布置光子过滤器，将大于禁带波长的光子反射回辐射器；热光伏系统的燃料供给量由输出电能和辐射器的表面温度控制；在太阳能光伏电池和热光伏电池的表面都布置热电偶，以控制其温度；水泵采用小型增压泵，以克服冷却水在管路中的流动阻力；在太阳能光伏和热光伏电池板的背面都布置冷却水管，由水泵驱动，流量由光电池表面的温度和输出热水的温度来确定；烟气换热器采用套管式换热器，烟气与热水隔开，逆流换热以增强换热效果。Further, the solar photovoltaic cell adopts monocrystalline silicon cell, and its thermoelectric conversion efficiency is relatively high and can be used in a large area; the thermal photovoltaic cell adopts GaSb cell, which is arranged in a ring around the periphery of the thermal photovoltaic system to receive the radiant energy from the radiator; the radiator It adopts a cylindrical shape, and the outer wall material is made of SiC to match with GaSb photovoltaic cells; the combustion chamber in the radiator is filled with porous media, so that the temperature of the outer surface of the radiator is more uniform and the radiation effect is better. A photon filter is arranged between the radiator and the photovoltaic cell to reflect photons larger than the forbidden band wavelength back to the radiator; the fuel supply of the thermal photovoltaic system is controlled by the output power and the surface temperature of the radiator; in solar photovoltaic cells and thermal photovoltaic Thermocouples are arranged on the surface of the battery to control its temperature; the water pump adopts a small booster pump to overcome the flow resistance of cooling water in the pipeline; cooling water pipes are arranged on the back of the solar photovoltaic and thermal photovoltaic panels, driven by the water pump , the flow rate is determined by the temperature of the surface of the photovoltaic cell and the temperature of the output hot water; the flue gas heat exchanger adopts a casing heat exchanger, the flue gas is separated from the hot water, and the countercurrent heat exchange is used to enhance the heat exchange effect.
在光照充足的条件下，由太阳能光伏电池输出电能，最大限度的利用太阳能；在光照不足的条件下，太阳能光伏电池输出的电能不足，需要补充燃烧加热辐射器，由热光伏电池输出部分电能，保证稳定的输出电能；在没有光照的条件下，完全由热光伏电池输出电能。三种工况下，在输出电能的同时也能输出热能。克服了单独的太阳能光伏系统受光照条件限制的缺陷，同时又比单独的热光伏系统更节能。用于普通的家庭，不但可用于电力调峰、建造备用电站或热电联供电站，又可实现边远地区独立发电。这样的分布式发电系统既能发挥太阳能光伏发电无污染、方便、节能的优点，又能发挥热光伏发电燃料适应性广、运行稳定的优点。Under the condition of sufficient light, the solar photovoltaic cell outputs electric energy to maximize the use of solar energy; under the condition of insufficient light, the electric energy output by the solar photovoltaic cell is insufficient, and it is necessary to supplement the combustion heating radiator, and the thermal photovoltaic cell outputs part of the electric energy. Ensure stable output power; under the condition of no light, the power is completely output by thermal photovoltaic cells. Under the three working conditions, heat energy can also be output while outputting electric energy. It overcomes the defect that a single solar photovoltaic system is limited by light conditions, and at the same time is more energy-efficient than a single thermal photovoltaic system. Used in ordinary households, it can not only be used for power peak regulation, construction of backup power stations or combined heat and power power stations, but also independent power generation in remote areas. Such a distributed power generation system can not only take advantage of the pollution-free, convenient, and energy-saving advantages of solar photovoltaic power generation, but also take advantage of the advantages of wide adaptability and stable operation of thermal photovoltaic power generation fuels.
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Application publication date: 20131204 |