CN113583497B - Preparation method of thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material - Google Patents

Preparation method of thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material Download PDF

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CN113583497B
CN113583497B CN202110910391.0A CN202110910391A CN113583497B CN 113583497 B CN113583497 B CN 113583497B CN 202110910391 A CN202110910391 A CN 202110910391A CN 113583497 B CN113583497 B CN 113583497B
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absorbing
layer wave
thickness
wave
double
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CN113583497A (en
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张行
韦国科
杨楠楠
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AVIC Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Research Institute
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/32—Radiation-absorbing paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D191/00—Coating compositions based on oils, fats or waxes; Coating compositions based on derivatives thereof
    • C09D191/06—Waxes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/002—Priming paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K2003/023—Silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C08K2003/0812—Aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C08K2003/0843—Cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C08K2003/0856—Iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material, which is characterized in that a magnetic absorbent, namely one of carbonyl iron powder, iron cobalt powder, iron silicon aluminum powder and nano iron powder, is blended with a base material in a certain proportion to serve as a bottom layer wave-absorbing material, a modified magnetic absorbent is blended with the base material in a certain proportion to serve as a surface layer wave-absorbing material, and the thickness of each layer of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material can be finely adjusted within a certain range when the same level of wave-absorbing performance of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is maintained through optimization of the filling proportion of the magnetic absorbent, modification, coating thickness design and the like, so that the construction process is simplified, and design and application research of the high-performance wave-absorbing coating material can be simplified and realized.

Description

Preparation method of thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wave-absorbing coating material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material.
Background
The wave-absorbing material technology with the aim of reducing the characteristic signal of the target is an effective means for improving the defense-outburst capability and the survivability of the weapon equipment, and the radar stealth coating material, namely the wave-absorbing coating or the wave-absorbing patch, is convenient to construct and low in cost because the original design and structure of the weapon equipment are not changed, and is widely applied to stealth protection of the weapon equipment. According to the development state of the existing wave-absorbing material, the single-layer wave-absorbing material is difficult to meet the comprehensive requirements of thinness, width, lightness and strength provided by the stealth technology, and the compounding of the double-layer or multi-layer wave-absorbing material is an important direction for research and application.
At present, two methods of wave-absorbing coating spraying and wave-absorbing paster hot-press forming are mainly used for preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material. The method for spraying the wave-absorbing coating adopts a multi-channel spraying process, and the thickness of each layer of wave-absorbing coating material is determined by controlling the number of spraying channels; the thickness of each wave-absorbing coating is coordinated by regulating and controlling the adding proportion of the two wave-absorbing coatings in the hot-pressing forming process of the wave-absorbing patch.
The preparation of the current double-layer wave-absorbing coating material mainly has the technical problem that the thickness of each layer of wave-absorbing material needs to be accurately controlled. The small thickness change of each layer of wave-absorbing material directly influences the structural change of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material, thereby reducing the wave-absorbing performance of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material. In the prior art, the preparation process is strictly controlled, so that the error influence caused by human factors and parts with multiple curvatures and complex structures is reduced, but the problems of low yield, unstable wave-absorbing performance and the like still exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material, which is characterized in that the thickness of each layer of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material can be finely adjusted within a certain range when the same level of wave-absorbing performance of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is kept through optimization of the filling proportion, modification, coating thickness design and the like of a magnetic absorbent, so that the construction process is simplified.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting one of carbonyl iron powder, iron cobalt powder, iron silicon aluminum powder and nano iron powder as a magnetic absorbent;
(2) carrying out surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using a modifier to obtain a modified magnetic absorbent;
(3) respectively blending the magnetic absorbent and the base material in the step (1) in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials under the conditions of different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentage range of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials is 60-85%, and the mass percentage of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as bottom-layer filling mass percentage; respectively blending the modified magnetic absorbent in the step (2) with a base material according to different mass ratios to obtain corresponding surface-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials under the conditions of different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentage range of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials is 60-85%, and the mass percentage of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as the surface-layer filling mass percentage;
(4) preferably selecting bottom layer wave-absorbing materials with different bottom layer filling mass percentages in the step (3), preferably selecting surface layer wave-absorbing materials with different surface layer filling mass percentages in the step (3), obtaining a double-layer wave-absorbing coating material wave-absorbing performance-bottom layer thickness-frequency relation curve through electromagnetic parameter fitting, and constructing a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material system, wherein the bottom layer filling mass percentage of the preferred bottom layer wave-absorbing material is equal to the surface layer filling mass percentage of the preferred surface layer wave-absorbing material, the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is T mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to amm, the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and x mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between (T-a-x) - (T-a) mm, wherein T is more than 0 and less than 10, a is more than 0 and less than T, and x is more than 0 and less than T-a;
(5) the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) can be prepared into a double-layer wave-absorbing coating through a multi-spraying process, and the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) can be prepared into a double-layer wave-absorbing patch through a hot-pressing forming process.
Further, in step (3): the matrix material is one of paraffin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, silicon resin and silicon rubber.
Further, in step (3): the mass percentages of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom wave-absorbing material are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%; the mass percentages of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface layer wave-absorbing material are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%.
Further, in the step (4): the bottom filling mass percentage of the preferred bottom wave-absorbing material is 80%, and the surface filling mass percentage of the preferred surface wave-absorbing material is 80%.
Further, in step (5): the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating is 180mm x T mm or 300mm x T mm, and the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 180mm x T mm or 300mm x T mm.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the step (1), nano iron powder is selected as a magnetic absorbent, and the particle size of the nano iron powder is 1-500 nm;
in the step (2), the modifier is tetraethoxysilane, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by adopting the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of tetraethoxysilane, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, then the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, the product is washed by ethanol after reacting for 6-12h, and then the modified nano iron powder is obtained by drying;
in the step (3), the matrix material is paraffin or epoxy resin;
in the step (4), the step (c),
the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and 0.4mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between 1.0 and 1.4mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2 to 0.6mm, and the vertical reflectivity of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material within the frequency range of 8 to 18GHz is below-8 dB;
or the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.5mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and 0.1mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between 1.2 and 1.3mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2 to 0.3mm, and the vertical reflectivity of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material within the frequency range of 10 to 18GHz is below-10 dB;
in the step (5), the step (c),
the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 300mm x 1.6 mm;
or the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch has the size of 300mm 1.5 mm.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the step (1), nano iron powder is selected as a magnetic absorbent, and the particle size of the nano iron powder is 1-500 nm;
in the step (2), the modifier is stearic acid, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by adopting the modifier is to disperse the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) into an ethanol solution according to the proportion of 1 g per milliliter, add a certain amount of stearic acid, perform ultrasonic dispersion for 10-30min, and dry in a 60 ℃ oven to obtain modified nano iron powder, wherein the mass fraction of the stearic acid in the ethanol solution is 1-5%;
in the step (3), the matrix material is paraffin or epoxy resin;
in the step (4), the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.15mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is 0-0.4mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is 1.05-1.45mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.15-0.55mm, and the vertical reflectivity of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material within the frequency range of 8.7-16.3GHz is below-8 dB;
in the step (5), the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch has the size of 300mm by 1.6 mm.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the step (1), nano iron powder is selected as a magnetic absorbent, and the particle size of the nano iron powder is 1-500 nm;
in the step (2), the modifier is one of KH550 silane coupling agent, KH560 silane coupling agent and KH570 silane coupling agent, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by adopting the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is dispersed in ethanol solution according to the proportion of 0.2 g per milliliter, a certain amount of silane coupling agent is added, mechanical stirring is performed for 6-12 hours, the product is washed with ethanol for three times, and then dried in a baking oven at 60 ℃ to obtain modified nano iron powder, wherein the mass fraction of the silane coupling agent in the ethanol solution is 1-5%;
in the step (3), the matrix material is paraffin or epoxy resin;
in the step (4), the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and 0.6mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between 0.8 and 1.4mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2 to 0.8mm, and the wave-absorbing bandwidth of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is basically consistent with the optimal wave-absorbing performance;
in the step (5), the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch has the size of 300mm by 1.6 mm.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the step (1), nano iron powder is selected as a magnetic absorbent, and the particle size of the nano iron powder is 1-500 nm;
in the step (2), the modifier is tetraethoxysilane, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by adopting the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of tetraethoxysilane, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, then the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, the product is washed by ethanol after reacting for 6-12h, and then the modified nano iron powder is obtained by drying;
in the step (3), the base material is silicone resin;
in the step (4), the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is 0-0.4mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is 1.0-1.4mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2-0.6mm, and the wave-absorbing bandwidth of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is basically consistent with the optimal wave-absorbing performance;
and (5) preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing patch by performing a hot-pressing forming process on the bottom layer wave-absorbing material and the surface layer wave-absorbing material in the step (4), wherein the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 300mm x 1.6 mm.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
in the step (1), carbonyl iron powder is selected as a magnetic absorbent, and the particle size of the carbonyl iron powder is 10-1000 nm; in the step (2), the modifier is ethyl orthosilicate, and the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is subjected to surface modification treatment by adopting the modifier, namely the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of ethyl orthosilicate, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, then the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, a product is washed by ethanol after reacting for 6-12h, and then the product is dried to obtain modified carbonyl iron powder; in the step (3), the matrix material is paraffin or epoxy resin; in the step (4), the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is 0-0.3mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is 1.1-1.4mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2-0.5mm, and the wave-absorbing bandwidth of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is basically consistent with the optimal wave-absorbing performance; in the step (5), the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch has the size of 300mm by 1.6 mm;
or, in the step (1), the iron-silicon-aluminum powder is selected as the magnetic absorbent, and the particle size of the iron-silicon-aluminum powder is 10-1000 nm; in the step (2), the modifier is tetraethoxysilane, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by adopting the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of tetraethoxysilane, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, then the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, a product is washed by ethanol after reacting for 6-12 hours, and then the product is dried to obtain modified ferrosilicon aluminum powder; in the step (3), the matrix material is paraffin or epoxy resin; in the step (4), the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is 0-0.5mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is 0.9-1.4mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2-0.7mm, and the wave-absorbing bandwidth of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is basically consistent with the optimal wave-absorbing performance; in the step (5), the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch has the size of 300mm by 1.6 mm;
or, in the step (1), iron-cobalt powder is selected as a magnetic absorbent, and the particle size of the iron-cobalt powder is 10-1000 nm; in the step (2), the modifier is tetraethoxysilane, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by adopting the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of tetraethoxysilane, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, then the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, the product is washed by ethanol after reacting for 6-12h, and then the modified iron cobalt powder is obtained by drying; in the step (3), the matrix material is paraffin or epoxy resin; in the step (4), the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and 0.6mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between 0.8 and 1.4mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2 to 0.8mm, and the wave-absorbing bandwidth of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is basically consistent with the optimal wave-absorbing performance; in the step (5), the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch has the size of 300mm by 1.6 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention is mainly based on optimization of the filling proportion, modification, coating thickness design and the like of the magnetic absorbent, so that the thickness of each layer can be finely adjusted within a certain range when the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material keeps the same level of wave-absorbing performance, namely the thickness of the bottom layer and the surface layer can be changed within a certain range, and the overall spraying thickness of the coating is ensured to be consistent, thereby realizing the purpose of simplifying the construction process and simplifying the design and application research of the high-performance wave-absorbing coating material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a double-layer wave-absorbing coating material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a wave-absorbing performance-bottom thickness-frequency relationship curve of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a wave-absorbing property curve of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material of example 1 with different bottom layer thicknesses (within the range of 0.2-0.6 mm);
FIG. 4 is a wave-absorbing property-bottom layer thickness-frequency curve of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting one of carbonyl iron powder, iron cobalt powder, iron silicon aluminum powder and nano iron powder as a magnetic absorbent;
(2) carrying out surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using a modifier to obtain a modified magnetic absorbent;
(3) respectively blending the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) and a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials under different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as bottom-layer filling mass percentage; respectively blending the modified magnetic absorbent in the step (2) with a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding surface wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the surface wave-absorbing materials under the conditions of different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface wave-absorbing materials is called as surface filling mass percentage, wherein the base material is one of paraffin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, silicon resin and silicon rubber;
(4) preferably, the bottom layer in the step (3) is filled with 80% of bottom layer wave-absorbing material by mass percentage, and the surface layer in the step (3) is filled with 80% of surface layer wave-absorbing material by mass percentage, a wave-absorbing performance-bottom layer thickness-frequency relation curve of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is obtained through electromagnetic parameter fitting, a thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material system is constructed, the total thickness of the thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is T mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to a mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and x mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between (T-a-x) - (T-a) mm, wherein T is more than 0 and less than 10, a is more than 0 and less than T, and x is more than 0 and less than T-a, and the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is in the fine tuning thickness range, the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material can keep the same-grade wave-absorbing performance;
(5) and (3) preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing coating by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a multi-spraying process, preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing patch by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a hot-pressing forming process, wherein the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating is 180mm x T mm or 300mm x T mm, the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 180mm x T mm or 300mm x T mm, the thickness variation range of the bottom wave-absorbing material is within a fine adjustment interval of 0-x mm, and the wave-absorbing bandwidth of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or the double-layer wave-absorbing patch is basically consistent with the optimal wave-absorbing performance.
Example 1
A preparation method of a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nano iron powder as a magnetic absorbent, wherein the particle size of the nano iron powder is 1-500 nm;
(2) performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using a modifier to obtain a modified magnetic absorbent, wherein the modifier is tetraethoxysilane, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of tetraethoxysilane, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, a product is washed by ethanol after reaction is performed for 6-12 hours, and then the product is dried to obtain modified nano iron powder;
(3) respectively blending the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) and a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials under different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as bottom-layer filling mass percentage; respectively blending the modified magnetic absorbent in the step (2) with a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding surface-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials under the conditions of different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as surface-layer filling mass percentage, wherein the base material is paraffin or epoxy resin;
(4) preferably, the bottom layer wave-absorbing material with the filling mass percentage of 80% in the step (3) is selected, the surface layer wave-absorbing material with the filling mass percentage of 80% in the step (3) is selected, a relation curve of wave-absorbing performance of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material, bottom layer thickness and frequency shown in figure 2 is obtained through electromagnetic parameter fitting, a thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material system is constructed, the total thickness of the thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and 0.4mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between 1.0 and 1.4mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2 to 0.6mm, the vertical reflectivity of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material within the frequency band range of 8 to 18GHz is below-8 dB, therefore, the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material can keep the same-grade wave-absorbing performance;
(5) and (3) preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing coating by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a multi-spraying process, and preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing patch by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a hot-pressing forming process, wherein the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 300mm x 1.6 mm.
Example 2
A preparation method of a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nano iron powder as a magnetic absorbent, wherein the particle size of the nano iron powder is 1-500 nm;
(2) performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using a modifier to obtain a modified magnetic absorbent, wherein the modifier is tetraethoxysilane, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of tetraethoxysilane, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, a product is washed by ethanol after reaction is performed for 6-12 hours, and then the product is dried to obtain modified nano iron powder;
(3) respectively blending the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) and a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials under different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as bottom-layer filling mass percentage; respectively blending the modified magnetic absorbent in the step (2) with a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding surface-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials under the conditions of different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as surface-layer filling mass percentage, wherein the base material is paraffin or epoxy resin;
(4) preferably, the bottom layer in the step (3) is filled with 80 mass percent of bottom layer wave-absorbing material, and the surface layer wave-absorbing material with the mass percentage of 80 percent is preferably filled in the surface layer in the step (3), obtaining a relation curve of the wave-absorbing performance of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material-the bottom layer thickness-the frequency through electromagnetic parameter fitting, constructing a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material system, the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.5mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and 0.1mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between 1.2 and 1.3mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2-0.3mm, and the vertical reflectivity of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is below-10 dB within the frequency range of 10-18GHz, so that the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material can keep the same-level wave-absorbing performance;
(5) and (3) preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing coating by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a multi-spraying process, and preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing patch by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a hot-pressing forming process, wherein the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 300mm x 1.5 mm.
Example 3
A preparation method of a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nano iron powder as a magnetic absorbent, wherein the particle size of the nano iron powder is 1-500 nm;
(2) performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using a modifier to obtain a modified magnetic absorbent, wherein the modifier is stearic acid, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using the modifier is to disperse 10g of the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) in 10ml of ethanol solution, add a certain amount of stearic acid, perform ultrasonic dispersion for 10-30min, and dry the mixture in a 60 ℃ oven to obtain modified nano iron powder, wherein the mass fraction of the stearic acid in the ethanol solution is 1-5%;
(3) respectively blending the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) and a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials under different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as bottom-layer filling mass percentage; respectively blending the modified magnetic absorbent in the step (2) with a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding surface-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials under the conditions of different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as surface-layer filling mass percentage, wherein the base material is paraffin or epoxy resin;
(4) preferably, the bottom layer wave-absorbing material with the filling mass percentage of 80 percent in the bottom layer in the step (3) is selected, the surface layer wave-absorbing material with the filling mass percentage of 80 percent in the surface layer in the step (3) is selected, a relation curve of wave-absorbing performance of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material, bottom layer thickness and frequency shown in figure 4 is obtained through electromagnetic parameter fitting, a thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material system is constructed, the total thickness of the thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.15mm, a thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and 0.4mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between 1.05 and 1.45mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.15 to 0.55mm, the vertical reflectivity of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material within the frequency band range of 8.7 to 16.3GHz is below-8 dB, therefore, the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material can keep the same-grade wave-absorbing performance;
(5) and (3) preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing coating by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a multi-spraying process, and preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing patch by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a hot-pressing forming process, wherein the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 300mm x 1.6 mm.
Example 4
A preparation method of a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nano iron powder as a magnetic absorbent, wherein the particle size of the nano iron powder is 1-500 nm;
(2) performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using a modifier to obtain a modified magnetic absorbent, wherein the modifier is one of KH550 silane coupling agent, KH560 silane coupling agent and KH570 silane coupling agent, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using the modifier is that 10g of the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is dispersed in 50ml of ethanol solution, a certain amount of silane coupling agent is added, the mixture is mechanically stirred for 6-12h, the product is washed with ethanol for three times, and then the product is dried in an oven at 60 ℃ to obtain modified nano iron powder, wherein the mass fraction of the silane coupling agent in the ethanol solution is 1-5%;
(3) respectively blending the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) and a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials under different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as bottom-layer filling mass percentage; respectively blending the modified magnetic absorbent in the step (2) with a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding surface-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials under the conditions of different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as surface-layer filling mass percentage, wherein the base material is paraffin or epoxy resin;
(4) preferably, the bottom layer wave-absorbing material with the filling mass percentage of 80% in the bottom layer in the step (3) is selected, the surface layer wave-absorbing material with the filling mass percentage of 80% in the step (3) is selected, a wave-absorbing performance-bottom layer thickness-frequency relation curve of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is obtained through electromagnetic parameter fitting, a thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material system is constructed, the total thickness of the thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, a thickness fine adjustment area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is 0-0.6mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is 0.8-1.4mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within a fluctuation range of 0.2-0.8mm, and the wave-absorbing bandwidth of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is basically consistent with the optimal wave-absorbing performance;
(5) and (3) preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing coating by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a multi-spraying process, and preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing patch by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a hot-pressing forming process, wherein the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 300mm x 1.6 mm.
Example 5
A preparation method of a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting nano iron powder as a magnetic absorbent, wherein the particle size of the nano iron powder is 1-500 nm;
(2) performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using a modifier to obtain a modified magnetic absorbent, wherein the modifier is tetraethoxysilane, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of tetraethoxysilane, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, a product is washed by ethanol after reaction is performed for 6-12 hours, and then the product is dried to obtain modified nano iron powder;
(3) respectively blending the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) and a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials under different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as bottom-layer filling mass percentage; respectively blending the modified magnetic absorbent in the step (2) with a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding surface-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials under the conditions of different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as surface-layer filling mass percentage, wherein the base material is silicone resin;
(4) preferably, the bottom layer wave-absorbing material with the filling mass percentage of 80% in the bottom layer in the step (3) is selected, the surface layer wave-absorbing material with the filling mass percentage of 80% in the step (3) is selected, a wave-absorbing performance-bottom layer thickness-frequency relation curve of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is obtained through electromagnetic parameter fitting, a thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material system is constructed, the total thickness of the thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, a thickness fine adjustment area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is 0-0.4mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is 1.0-1.4mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within a fluctuation range of 0.2-0.6mm, and the wave-absorbing bandwidth of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is basically consistent with the optimal wave-absorbing performance;
(5) and (4) preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing patch by using the bottom layer wave-absorbing material and the surface layer wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a hot-pressing forming process, wherein the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 300mm x 1.6 mm.
Example 6
A preparation method of a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting carbonyl iron powder as a magnetic absorbent, wherein the particle size of the carbonyl iron powder is 10-1000 nm;
(2) performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using a modifier to obtain a modified magnetic absorbent, wherein the modifier is tetraethoxysilane, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of tetraethoxysilane, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, a product is washed by ethanol after reaction is performed for 6-12h, and then modified carbonyl iron powder is obtained by drying;
(3) respectively blending the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) and a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials under different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as bottom-layer filling mass percentage; respectively blending the modified magnetic absorbent in the step (2) with a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding surface-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials under the conditions of different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as surface-layer filling mass percentage, wherein the base material is paraffin or epoxy resin;
(4) preferably, the bottom layer wave-absorbing material with the filling mass percentage of 80% in the bottom layer in the step (3) is selected, the surface layer wave-absorbing material with the filling mass percentage of 80% in the step (3) is selected, a wave-absorbing performance-bottom layer thickness-frequency relation curve of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is obtained through electromagnetic parameter fitting, a thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material system is constructed, the total thickness of the thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, a thickness fine adjustment area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is 0-0.3mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is 1.1-1.4mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within a fluctuation range of 0.2-0.5mm, and the wave-absorbing bandwidth of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is basically consistent with the optimal wave-absorbing performance;
(5) and (3) preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing coating by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a multi-spraying process, and preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing patch by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a hot-pressing forming process, wherein the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 300mm x 1.6 mm.
Example 7
A preparation method of a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting iron-silicon-aluminum powder as a magnetic absorbent, wherein the particle size of the iron-silicon-aluminum powder is 10-1000 nm;
(2) performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using a modifier to obtain a modified magnetic absorbent, wherein the modifier is tetraethoxysilane, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of tetraethoxysilane, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, a product is washed by ethanol after reaction is performed for 6-12 hours, and then the product is dried to obtain modified ferrosilicon aluminum powder;
(3) respectively blending the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) and a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials under different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as bottom-layer filling mass percentage; respectively blending the modified magnetic absorbent in the step (2) with a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding surface-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials under the conditions of different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as surface-layer filling mass percentage, wherein the base material is paraffin or epoxy resin;
(4) preferably, the bottom layer wave-absorbing material with the filling mass percentage of 80% in the bottom layer in the step (3) is selected, the surface layer wave-absorbing material with the filling mass percentage of 80% in the step (3) is selected, a wave-absorbing performance-bottom layer thickness-frequency relation curve of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is obtained through electromagnetic parameter fitting, a thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material system is constructed, the total thickness of the thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, a thickness fine adjustment area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is 0-0.5mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is 0.9-1.4mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within a fluctuation range of 0.2-0.7mm, and the wave-absorbing bandwidth of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is basically consistent with the optimal wave-absorbing performance;
(5) and (3) preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing coating by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a multi-spraying process, and preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing patch by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a hot-pressing forming process, wherein the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 300mm x 1.6 mm.
Example 8
A preparation method of a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting iron-cobalt powder as a magnetic absorbent, wherein the particle size of the iron-cobalt powder is 10-1000 nm;
(2) performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using a modifier to obtain a modified magnetic absorbent, wherein the modifier is tetraethoxysilane, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of tetraethoxysilane, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, a product is washed by ethanol after reaction is performed for 6-12 hours, and then the product is dried to obtain modified iron cobalt powder;
(3) respectively blending the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) and a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials under different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as bottom-layer filling mass percentage; respectively blending the modified magnetic absorbent in the step (2) with a base material in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding surface-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials under the conditions of different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentages of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%, and the mass percentage of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as surface-layer filling mass percentage, wherein the base material is paraffin or epoxy resin;
(4) preferably, the bottom layer wave-absorbing material with the filling mass percentage of 80% in the bottom layer in the step (3) is selected, the surface layer wave-absorbing material with the filling mass percentage of 80% in the step (3) is selected, a wave-absorbing performance-bottom layer thickness-frequency relation curve of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is obtained through electromagnetic parameter fitting, a thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material system is constructed, the total thickness of the thickness insensitive type double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, a thickness fine adjustment area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is 0-0.6mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is 0.8-1.4mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within a fluctuation range of 0.2-0.8mm, and the wave-absorbing bandwidth of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is basically consistent with the optimal wave-absorbing performance;
(5) and (3) preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing coating by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a multi-spraying process, and preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing patch by using the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) through a hot-pressing forming process, wherein the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 300mm x 1.6 mm.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting one of carbonyl iron powder, iron cobalt powder, iron silicon aluminum powder and nano iron powder as a magnetic absorbent;
(2) carrying out surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by using a modifier to obtain a modified magnetic absorbent;
(3) respectively blending the magnetic absorbent and the base material in the step (1) in different mass ratios to obtain corresponding bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials under the conditions of different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentage range of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials is 60-85%, and the mass percentage of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as bottom-layer filling mass percentage; respectively blending the modified magnetic absorbent in the step (2) with a base material according to different mass ratios to obtain corresponding surface-layer wave-absorbing materials, and then respectively measuring the electromagnetic parameters of the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials under the conditions of different mass ratios, wherein the mass percentage range of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials is 60-85%, and the mass percentage of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface-layer wave-absorbing materials is called as the surface-layer filling mass percentage; the base material is one of paraffin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, silicon resin and silicon rubber;
(4) selecting bottom layer wave-absorbing materials with different bottom layer filling mass percentages in the step (3), selecting surface layer wave-absorbing materials with different surface layer filling mass percentages in the step (3), obtaining a double-layer wave-absorbing coating material wave-absorbing performance-bottom layer thickness-frequency relation curve through electromagnetic parameter fitting, and constructing a thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material system, wherein the bottom layer filling mass percentage of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is equal to the surface layer filling mass percentage of the surface layer wave-absorbing material, the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is T mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be a mm, a thickness fine adjustment area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and x mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between (T-a-x) - (T-a) mm, wherein T is more than 0 and less than 1.6, a is more than 0 and less than T, and x is more than 0 and less than T-a;
(5) the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) can be prepared into a double-layer wave-absorbing coating through a multi-spraying process, and the bottom wave-absorbing material and the surface wave-absorbing material in the step (4) can be prepared into a double-layer wave-absorbing patch through a hot-pressing forming process.
2. The preparation method of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (3): the mass percentages of the magnetic absorbent in the bottom wave-absorbing material are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%; the mass percentages of the modified magnetic absorbent in the surface layer wave-absorbing material are respectively 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 85%.
3. The preparation method of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material according to claim 2, characterized in that in the step (4): the bottom filling mass percentage of the bottom wave-absorbing material is 80%, and the surface filling mass percentage of the surface wave-absorbing material is 80%.
4. The preparation method of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material according to claim 3, characterized in that in the step (5): the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating is 180mm x T mm or 300mm x T mm, and the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 180mm x T mm or 300mm x T mm.
5. The preparation method of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material according to claim 4, characterized in that:
in the step (1), nano iron powder is selected as a magnetic absorbent, and the particle size of the nano iron powder is 1-500 nm;
in the step (2), the modifier is tetraethoxysilane, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by adopting the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of tetraethoxysilane, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, then the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, the product is washed by ethanol after reacting for 6-12h, and then the modified nano iron powder is obtained by drying;
in the step (3), the matrix material is paraffin or epoxy resin;
in the step (4), the step (c),
the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and 0.4mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between 1.0 and 1.4mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2 to 0.6mm, and the vertical reflectivity of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material within the frequency range of 8 to 18GHz is below-8 dB;
or the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.5mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and 0.1mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between 1.2 and 1.3mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2 to 0.3mm, and the vertical reflectivity of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material within the frequency range of 10 to 18GHz is below-10 dB;
in the step (5), the step (c),
the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 300mm x 1.6 mm;
or the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch has the size of 300mm 1.5 mm.
6. The preparation method of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material according to claim 4, characterized in that:
in the step (1), nano iron powder is selected as a magnetic absorbent, and the particle size of the nano iron powder is 1-500 nm;
in the step (2), the modifier is stearic acid, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by adopting the modifier is to disperse the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) into an ethanol solution according to the proportion of 1 g per milliliter, add a certain amount of stearic acid, perform ultrasonic dispersion for 10-30min, and dry in a 60 ℃ oven to obtain modified nano iron powder, wherein the mass fraction of the stearic acid in the ethanol solution is 1-5%;
in the step (3), the matrix material is paraffin or epoxy resin;
in the step (4), the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.15mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is 0-0.4mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is 1.05-1.45mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.15-0.55mm, and the vertical reflectivity of the double-layer wave-absorbing coating material within the frequency range of 8.7-16.3GHz is below-8 dB;
in the step (5), the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch has the size of 300mm by 1.6 mm.
7. The preparation method of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material according to claim 4, characterized in that:
in the step (1), nano iron powder is selected as a magnetic absorbent, and the particle size of the nano iron powder is 1-500 nm;
in the step (2), the modifier is one of KH550 silane coupling agent, KH560 silane coupling agent and KH570 silane coupling agent, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by adopting the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is dispersed in ethanol solution according to the proportion of 0.2 g per milliliter, a certain amount of silane coupling agent is added, mechanical stirring is performed for 6-12 hours, the product is washed with ethanol for three times, and then dried in a baking oven at 60 ℃ to obtain modified nano iron powder, wherein the mass fraction of the silane coupling agent in the ethanol solution is 1-5%;
in the step (3), the matrix material is paraffin or epoxy resin;
in the step (4), the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and 0.6mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between 0.8 and 1.4mm, and the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2 to 0.8 mm;
in the step (5), the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch has the size of 300mm by 1.6 mm.
8. The preparation method of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material according to claim 4, characterized in that:
in the step (1), nano iron powder is selected as a magnetic absorbent, and the particle size of the nano iron powder is 1-500 nm;
in the step (2), the modifier is tetraethoxysilane, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by adopting the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of tetraethoxysilane, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, then the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, the product is washed by ethanol after reacting for 6-12h, and then the modified nano iron powder is obtained by drying;
in the step (3), the base material is silicone resin;
in the step (4), the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and 0.4mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between 1.0 and 1.4mm, and the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2 to 0.6 mm;
and (5) preparing the double-layer wave-absorbing patch by performing a hot-pressing forming process on the bottom layer wave-absorbing material and the surface layer wave-absorbing material in the step (4), wherein the size of the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing patch is 300mm x 1.6 mm.
9. The preparation method of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material according to claim 4, characterized in that:
in the step (1), carbonyl iron powder is selected as a magnetic absorbent, and the particle size of the carbonyl iron powder is 10-1000 nm; in the step (2), the modifier is ethyl orthosilicate, and the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is subjected to surface modification treatment by adopting the modifier, namely the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of ethyl orthosilicate, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, then the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, a product is washed by ethanol after reacting for 6-12h, and then the product is dried to obtain modified carbonyl iron powder; in the step (3), the matrix material is paraffin or epoxy resin; in the step (4), the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and 0.3mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between 1.1 and 1.4mm, and the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2 to 0.5 mm; in the step (5), the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch has the size of 300mm by 1.6 mm;
or, in the step (1), the iron-silicon-aluminum powder is selected as the magnetic absorbent, and the particle size of the iron-silicon-aluminum powder is 10-1000 nm; in the step (2), the modifier is tetraethoxysilane, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by adopting the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of tetraethoxysilane, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, then the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, a product is washed by ethanol after reacting for 6-12 hours, and then the product is dried to obtain modified ferrosilicon aluminum powder; in the step (3), the matrix material is paraffin or epoxy resin; in the step (4), the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and 0.5mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between 0.9 and 1.4mm, and the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2 to 0.7 mm; in the step (5), the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch has the size of 300mm by 1.6 mm;
or, in the step (1), iron-cobalt powder is selected as a magnetic absorbent, and the particle size of the iron-cobalt powder is 10-1000 nm; in the step (2), the modifier is tetraethoxysilane, and the specific operation of performing surface modification treatment on the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) by adopting the modifier is that the magnetic absorbent in the step (1) is placed in an ethanol solution containing 1-20wt% of tetraethoxysilane, 1 drop of ammonia water is dropwise added for catalysis, then the mixture is heated to 70 ℃ under the condition of mechanical stirring, the product is washed by ethanol after reacting for 6-12h, and then the modified iron cobalt powder is obtained by drying; in the step (3), the matrix material is paraffin or epoxy resin; in the step (4), the total thickness of the thickness-insensitive double-layer wave-absorbing coating material is 1.6mm, the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is set to be 0.2mm, wherein the thickness fine tuning area of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is between 0 and 0.6mm, the thickness of the surface layer wave-absorbing material is between 0.8 and 1.4mm, and the thickness of the bottom layer wave-absorbing material is within the fluctuation range of 0.2 to 0.8 mm; in the step (5), the prepared double-layer wave-absorbing coating or double-layer wave-absorbing patch has the size of 300mm by 1.6 mm.
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