CN113581541A - Positive pressure blowing type transfer device for cigarette packet ectopic conveying - Google Patents
Positive pressure blowing type transfer device for cigarette packet ectopic conveying Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113581541A CN113581541A CN202111007347.5A CN202111007347A CN113581541A CN 113581541 A CN113581541 A CN 113581541A CN 202111007347 A CN202111007347 A CN 202111007347A CN 113581541 A CN113581541 A CN 113581541A
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- cigarette
- blowing type
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- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B35/00—Supplying, feeding, arranging or orientating articles to be packaged
- B65B35/30—Arranging and feeding articles in groups
- B65B35/48—Arranging and feeding articles in groups by pneumatic conveyors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B35/00—Supplying, feeding, arranging or orientating articles to be packaged
- B65B35/30—Arranging and feeding articles in groups
- B65B35/44—Arranging and feeding articles in groups by endless belts or chains
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B35/00—Supplying, feeding, arranging or orientating articles to be packaged
- B65B35/56—Orientating, i.e. changing the attitude of, articles, e.g. of non-uniform cross-section
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a positive pressure blowing type transfer device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets, which comprises a first conveying channel, a second conveying channel and a transfer mechanism, wherein the second conveying channel is positioned below the first conveying channel. The transfer mechanism comprises a third conveying channel, an electromagnetic valve and an air gun, the starting end of the third conveying channel is positioned below the terminal point of the first conveying channel, the tail end of the third conveying channel is positioned above the second conveying channel, and the starting end of the third conveying channel is provided with a transfer plane; the output end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the air gun, the air gun is arranged on the side edge, far away from the third conveying channel, of the transfer plane, and the electromagnetic valve can drive the air gun to blow the cigarette packet on the transfer plane into the third conveying channel and enter the second conveying channel. The invention can effectively improve the operation efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of workers and reduce the tobacco bale retrogradation rate. The solenoid valve controls the time of air blowing of the air gun every time, so that the tobacco bale is prevented from being blown over or falling off in the process of entering the third conveying channel from the first conveying channel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cigarette packet conveying, in particular to a positive pressure air blowing type transfer device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets.
Background
The general technological process of the GDX2 packaging equipment is to finish the conveying of aluminum foil paper, paperboard and trademark paper by an upstream machine, finally fold the aluminum foil paper, paperboard and trademark paper to form cigarette packets, and then flow into a downstream machine through a cigarette packet conveying channel to enter the next process. However, in the process of conveying cigarette packets, due to the problems of long production line or station positions, a plurality of conveying channels need to be arranged, and the possibility of dislocation exists between two adjacent conveying channels. In the prior art, generally, a cigarette packet of a previous conveying channel is stored in a cigarette packet temporary storage box, then the cigarette packet temporary storage box is manually brought to a next conveying channel, and then the cigarette packet in the cigarette packet temporary storage box is manually placed on the next conveying channel. The process flow can cause high labor cost, operators need continuous work for many hours, the labor intensity is high, manual operation can cause reverse cigarette packet release, and subsequent procedures are affected.
Therefore, how to provide an ex-situ conveying device for cigarette packets, which can effectively improve the working efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of workers and reduce the tobacco packet adding rate, becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a positive pressure air blowing type transfer device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets, which can effectively improve the operation efficiency, reduce the number of operators for adding cigarettes to 2 or less, reduce the labor intensity of workers and reduce the tobacco packet adding rate.
According to one aspect of the invention, a positive pressure blowing type transfer device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets is provided, which comprises a first conveying channel, a second conveying channel and a transfer mechanism, wherein the second conveying channel is positioned below the first conveying channel, and the transfer mechanism is used for transferring the cigarette packets of the first conveying channel to the second conveying channel;
the transfer mechanism comprises a third conveying channel, an electromagnetic valve and an air gun, the starting end of the third conveying channel is positioned below the terminal point of the first conveying channel, the tail end of the third conveying channel is positioned above the second conveying channel, and a transfer plane is arranged at the starting end of the third conveying channel; the output end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the air gun, the air gun is arranged on the side edge, far away from the third conveying channel, of the transfer plane, and the electromagnetic valve can drive the air gun to blow the cigarette packets on the transfer plane into the third conveying channel and the second conveying channel.
Optionally, according to the positive pressure air blowing type delivery device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets, the air gun blows intermittently, and a gap between two adjacent air blows is controlled by the solenoid valve.
Optionally, according to the positive pressure blowing type transfer device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets provided by the invention, the first conveying channel and the second conveying channel are perpendicular to each other, and the third conveying channel is of an inclined structure.
Optionally, according to the positive pressure blowing type conveying device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets, two sides of the first conveying channel are provided with a transverse conveying guard rail.
Optionally, the positive pressure air blowing type transmission device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets further comprises a transmission motor, transmission wheels are arranged at two ends of the first conveying channel, and the transmission motor is connected with the transmission wheels through a belt.
Optionally, according to the positive pressure blowing type transfer device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets, a cigarette packet protection shoe plate is arranged at the end point of the first conveying channel, and the cigarette packet protection shoe plate and the driving wheel are of a concentric structure.
Optionally, according to the positive pressure blowing type conveying device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets, two sides of the second conveying channel are provided with first longitudinal conveying guard rails, and one side, close to the first conveying channel, of each first longitudinal conveying guard rail is tangent to the driving wheel.
Optionally, according to the positive pressure blowing type delivery device for ex-situ cigarette packet conveying of the present invention, a distance between a tail end of the third conveying channel and the second conveying channel is smaller than a height of the first longitudinal conveying guard rails, and the third conveying channel is located between two first longitudinal conveying guard rails.
Optionally, according to the positive pressure blowing type conveying device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets, two sides of the third conveying channel are further provided with second longitudinal conveying guard rails.
Optionally, the positive pressure blowing type transmission device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets further comprises an electrical cabinet and an optical fiber detector, wherein the optical fiber detector and the electromagnetic valve are both electrically connected with the electrical cabinet, and the optical fiber detector is located at the end point of the first conveying channel and is used for detecting signals existing in the cigarette packets;
when the optical fiber detector detects a signal that the cigarette packet exists, the electric appliance cabinet drives the electromagnetic valve to drive the air gun to blow air, and the cigarette packet conveyed to the transmission plane can be blown into the third conveying channel.
The positive pressure air blowing type transfer device for ex-situ conveying of the cigarette packets, disclosed by the invention, can effectively improve the operation efficiency, reduce the number of operators for adding cigarettes to 2 or less, reduce the labor intensity of workers and reduce the adding rate of the cigarette packets. The cigarette packet in the first conveying channel can be stably conveyed to the second conveying channel through the conveying mechanism, the conveying direction of the cigarette packet can be integrally adjusted from the transverse direction to the longitudinal direction, the whole conveying mechanism is operated automatically by machinery, and the error rate of cigarette packet reverse releasing caused by manual operation is reduced. The solenoid valve controls the time of air blowing of the air gun every time, so that the tobacco bale is prevented from being blown over or falling off in the process of entering the third conveying channel from the first conveying channel.
Other features of the present invention and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a positive pressure blowing type transfer device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets disclosed by the invention;
fig. 2 is a perspective view of the disclosed transfer mechanism.
Description of reference numerals: 1-a transmission motor; 2-a belt; 3-a transmission wheel; 4-a first transport path; 5, transversely conveying the guard rails; 6-cigarette packet group; 7-cigarette packet protective tile plate; 8-an electromagnetic valve; 9-an air gun; 10-a second longitudinal transport rail guard; 11-a third transport channel; 12-a second conveying channel; 13-an electrical cabinet; 14-a scaffold; 15-a fiber optic detector; 16-first longitudinal transport rail guard.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
According to fig. 1 to 2, the invention provides a positive pressure blowing type transfer device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets, which comprises a first conveying channel 4, a second conveying channel 12 and a transfer mechanism, wherein the second conveying channel 12 is located below the first conveying channel 4, and the transfer mechanism is used for transferring the cigarette packets in the first conveying channel 4 to the second conveying channel 12. In order to ensure that the turning conveyance of the cigarette packets is not affected by the angle, the second conveying path 12 should be located directly below the end point of the first conveying path 4. The lower part of the first conveying channel 4 is provided with a bracket 14 of the aluminum profile, and the second conveying channel 12 is also provided with a corresponding supporting mechanism.
The transfer mechanism comprises a third conveying channel 11, an electromagnetic valve 8 and an air gun 9, wherein the starting end of the third conveying channel 11 is positioned below the terminal point of the first conveying channel 4, the tail end of the third conveying channel is positioned above the second conveying channel 12, and a transfer plane is arranged at the starting end of the third conveying channel 11; the output end of the electromagnetic valve 8 is connected with the air gun 9, the air gun 9 is arranged on the side edge of the transfer plane far away from the third conveying channel 11, the electromagnetic valve 8 drives the air gun 9 to blow air, and the air gun 9 can blow the cigarette packet on the transfer plane into the third conveying channel 11 and enter the second conveying channel 12. In practice, the cigarette packet group 6 can be placed on the first conveying channel 4 by an operator at one time, then conveyed by the conveying belt and blown by the positive pressure of the air gun 9, and enters the second conveying channel 12 through the third conveying slide way, and the process of conveying the cigarette packets is changed from transverse conveying to longitudinal conveying.
The positive pressure air blowing type transfer device for ex-situ conveying of the cigarette packets, disclosed by the invention, can effectively improve the operation efficiency, reduce the number of operators for adding cigarettes to 2 or less, reduce the labor intensity of workers and reduce the adding rate of the cigarette packets. The cigarette packet in the first conveying channel 4 can be stably conveyed to the second conveying channel 12 through the conveying mechanism, the conveying direction of the cigarette packet can be integrally adjusted from the transverse direction to the longitudinal direction, the whole machine is operated automatically, and the error rate of cigarette packet reverse discharging caused by manual operation is reduced.
Further, the air gun 9 blows intermittently, and the gap between two adjacent blows is controlled by the electromagnetic valve 8. The solenoid valve 8 controls the time of each air blow of the air gun 9, so that the cigarette packets are prevented from being blown over or falling off in the process of entering the third conveying channel 11 from the first conveying channel 4.
Further, the first conveying channel 4 and the second conveying channel 12 are perpendicular to each other, and the third conveying channel 11 is of an inclined structure. Since the group 6 of packets of cigarettes in the present invention needs to be adjusted from a lateral transport to a longitudinal transport, the first transport path 4 should be perpendicular to the second transport path 12, and the transport direction of the third transport path 11 should be horizontally the same as the transport direction of the second transport path 12. So that when the cigarette packet is transversely conveyed to the transfer plane, the air gun 9 is opposite to the tail end face of the cigarette packet, and the air gun 9 blows air to push the cigarette packet into the inclined section of the third conveying channel 11, so that the cigarette packet enters the third conveying channel 11 in a longitudinal mode along the acting force and finally slides into the second conveying channel 12 from the inclined third conveying channel 11.
Further, both sides of the first conveying passage 4 are provided with a transverse conveying guard rail 5. When setting, the width of the two transverse conveying guard rails 5 should be larger than or equal to the width of the conveyed cigarette packet group 6, so that the neatness of the cigarette packets can be controlled. Due to the protection effect of the guard rail, the cigarette packet group 6 can have 28 packets at most, generally about 10-18 packets, so that the operation efficiency is greatly improved, and the labor intensity of operators is reduced.
Further, still include drive motor 1, the both ends of first transfer passage 4 are equipped with drive wheel 3, and drive motor 1 passes through belt 2 with drive wheel 3 and is connected. In the invention, a transmission motor 1 and any transmission wheel 3 can be connected through a belt 2.
Further, a cigarette packet protection tile plate 7 is arranged at the end point of the first conveying channel 4, and the cigarette packet protection tile plate 7 and the driving wheel 3 are of concentric circle structures. The cigarette packet protection tile 7 can prevent the cigarette packet group 6 from falling off in the process of entering the third conveying channel 11 from the first conveying channel 4.
Still further, a first longitudinal conveying guard rail 16 is arranged on two sides of the second conveying channel 12, and one side, close to the first conveying channel 4, of the first longitudinal conveying guard rail 16 is tangent to the driving wheel 3. In practice, in order to ensure that the turning conveying of the cigarette packets is not affected by the angle, when the cigarette packets drop from the first conveying path 4 into the third conveying path 11, the cigarette packets are located right above the second conveying path 12.
Still further, the distance between the tail end of the third conveying path 11 and the second conveying path 12 is smaller than the height of the first longitudinal conveying guard rails 16, and the third conveying path 11 is located between the two first longitudinal conveying guard rails 16, so that the cigarette packet group 6 can smoothly slide into the second conveying path 12 along the third conveying path 11. And the width between the two first longitudinal transport barriers 16 should be slightly greater than the thickness of the packets of cigarettes.
Still further, a second longitudinal transport guard rail 10 is further provided at both sides of the third transport path 11. When set, the width between the two second longitudinal transport barriers 10 should be slightly greater than or equal to the thickness of the cigarette packets, so as to avoid the inclination of the transport angle of the cigarette packets when transferring the cigarette packet group 6.
Further, the tobacco bale detection device further comprises an electric appliance cabinet 13 and an optical fiber detector 15, wherein the optical fiber detector 15 and the electromagnetic valve 8 are electrically connected with the electric appliance cabinet 13, and the optical fiber detector 15 is located at the end point of the first conveying channel 4 and is used for detecting signals for detecting existence of tobacco bales; when the optical fiber detector 15 detects a signal that a cigarette packet exists, the electric appliance cabinet 13 drives the electromagnetic valve 8 to drive the air gun 9 to blow air, and the cigarette packet conveyed to the transmission plane can be blown into the third conveying channel 11. In implementation, the electric appliance cabinet 13 is composed of a frequency converter, a driver of the electromagnetic valve 8, a Siemens S7-200 PLC and the like, and controls the operation of the transmission motor 1 and the electromagnetic valve 8.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the transmission motor 1 drives the belt 2 to rotate and transmits power to the transmission wheel 3, so that the transmission wheel 3 rotates, and the transmission belt of the first conveying channel 4 is driven to move forwards; the start and stop of the transmission motor 1 and the motor of the conveying belt of the second conveying channel 12 are controlled in a combined mode, so that the first conveying channel 4 can be started and stopped according to the start and stop of the motor of the conveying belt of the second conveying channel 12, and cigarette packets are prevented from being accumulated or extruded and falling; when the cigarette packet moves to the transmission wheel 3, the optical fiber detector 15 senses a signal existing in the cigarette packet and transmits the signal to the PLC module of the electric appliance cabinet 13, the PLC program sends out a set pulse number and a pulse period, and the driving program runs, so that the electromagnetic valve 8 drives the air gun 9 to blow air; when the cigarette packet just falls to the transfer plane, the air gun 9 immediately blows up the cigarette packet, so that the cigarette packet is blown to enter the inclined section of the third conveying channel 11 and then slides to the conveying belt of the second conveying channel 12, and thus, one-time blowing action of one cigarette packet is completed; the electromagnetic valve 8 drives the air gun 9 to perform one air blowing action every time the electromagnetic valve receives a signal; the cigarette packet protective guard and the cigarette packet protective tile plate 7 mainly play a role in arranging and restraining cigarette packets.
Although some specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The positive-pressure blowing type transfer device for cigarette packet ectopic conveying is characterized by comprising a first conveying channel, a second conveying channel and a transfer mechanism, wherein the second conveying channel is positioned below the first conveying channel, and the transfer mechanism is used for transferring the cigarette packets of the first conveying channel to the second conveying channel;
the transfer mechanism comprises a third conveying channel, an electromagnetic valve and an air gun, the starting end of the third conveying channel is positioned below the terminal point of the first conveying channel, the tail end of the third conveying channel is positioned above the second conveying channel, and a transfer plane is arranged at the starting end of the third conveying channel; the output end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the air gun, the air gun is arranged on the side edge, far away from the third conveying channel, of the transfer plane, and the electromagnetic valve can drive the air gun to blow the cigarette packets on the transfer plane into the third conveying channel and the second conveying channel.
2. The positive pressure air blowing type transmission device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air gun blows intermittently, and a gap between two adjacent blows is controlled by the electromagnetic valve.
3. The positive-pressure blowing type transfer device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first conveying channel and the second conveying channel are perpendicular to each other, and the third conveying channel is of an inclined structure.
4. The positive-pressure blowing type conveying device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets as claimed in claim 1, wherein lateral conveying guard rails are arranged on both sides of the first conveying channel.
5. The positive-pressure air-blowing type transmission device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a transmission motor, wherein transmission wheels are arranged at two ends of the first conveying channel, and the transmission motor is connected with the transmission wheels through a belt.
6. The positive-pressure air blowing type transfer device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets as claimed in claim 5, wherein a cigarette packet protection shoe plate is arranged at the end point of the first conveying channel, and the cigarette packet protection shoe plate and the driving wheel are of a concentric circle structure.
7. The positive-pressure blowing type conveying device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets as claimed in claim 5, wherein first longitudinal conveying guard rails are arranged on two sides of the second conveying channel, and one side of each first longitudinal conveying guard rail, which is close to the first conveying channel, is tangent to the driving wheel.
8. The positive-pressure blowing type conveying device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets as claimed in claim 7, wherein the distance between the tail end of the third conveying channel and the second conveying channel is smaller than the height of the first longitudinal conveying guard rails, and the third conveying channel is located between the two first longitudinal conveying guard rails.
9. The positive-pressure blowing type conveying device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets as claimed in claim 8, wherein second longitudinal conveying guard rails are further arranged on two sides of the third conveying channel.
10. The positive-pressure air-blowing type transmission device for ex-situ conveying of cigarette packets as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising an electrical cabinet and an optical fiber detector, wherein the optical fiber detector and the electromagnetic valve are both electrically connected with the electrical cabinet, and the optical fiber detector is located at the end point of the first conveying channel and is used for detecting a signal for detecting the existence of cigarette packets;
when the optical fiber detector detects a signal that the cigarette packet exists, the electric appliance cabinet drives the electromagnetic valve to drive the air gun to blow air, and the cigarette packet conveyed to the transmission plane can be blown into the third conveying channel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111007347.5A CN113581541A (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2021-08-30 | Positive pressure blowing type transfer device for cigarette packet ectopic conveying |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111007347.5A CN113581541A (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2021-08-30 | Positive pressure blowing type transfer device for cigarette packet ectopic conveying |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113581541A true CN113581541A (en) | 2021-11-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202111007347.5A Pending CN113581541A (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2021-08-30 | Positive pressure blowing type transfer device for cigarette packet ectopic conveying |
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