CN113580874B - New energy automobile air conditioner control system and method capable of humidifying - Google Patents
New energy automobile air conditioner control system and method capable of humidifying Download PDFInfo
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- CN113580874B CN113580874B CN202110814321.5A CN202110814321A CN113580874B CN 113580874 B CN113580874 B CN 113580874B CN 202110814321 A CN202110814321 A CN 202110814321A CN 113580874 B CN113580874 B CN 113580874B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
- B60H1/00785—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models by the detection of humidity or frost
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
- B60H3/02—Moistening ; Devices influencing humidity levels, i.e. humidity control
- B60H3/022—Moistening ; Devices influencing humidity levels, i.e. humidity control for only humidifying the air
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a humidifying new energy automobile air conditioner control system and a humidifying new energy automobile air conditioner control method, wherein the humidifying new energy automobile air conditioner control system comprises the following steps: s1: judging whether heating, humidifying or cooling is needed; s2: when the temperature is lower than a preset temperature range or the humidity is lower than a preset value, heating or humidifying the air by the carbon dioxide refrigerant; s3: the heated and humidified air enters a passenger cabin; s4: the depressurized carbon dioxide refrigerant exchanges heat through an outdoor heat exchanger and returns to the compressor; s5: when the temperature is higher than a preset temperature range, the evaporator cools the air to enter the passenger cabin; s6: heating the carbon dioxide refrigerant through an intermediate heat exchanger, and then pressurizing the carbon dioxide refrigerant in a compressor; s7: the carbon dioxide refrigerant enters the outdoor heat exchanger to release heat and then enters the intermediate heat exchanger to be further cooled. The invention discloses a humidifying new energy automobile air conditioner control system and method, which solve the problems that the existing heat pump air conditioner system is low in heating efficiency and cannot humidify air.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile heat management, and particularly relates to a new energy automobile air conditioner control system capable of humidifying and a method thereof.
Background
With the improvement of the requirements of consumers on the endurance mileage and the comfort level of the electric automobile, the requirements of a whole automobile thermal management system are more and more indispensable. The good automobile thermal management system can improve the energy utilization efficiency of the electric vehicle, and improve the service life, safety, reliability and the like of the thermal cycle of the power battery. The heat pump air conditioner is used as an integrated matching and intelligent control technology of a heat management system, has excellent energy-saving and environment-friendly characteristics, and can greatly improve the energy utilization efficiency of the whole vehicle, so as to further improve the endurance mileage of the whole vehicle, the service life of the battery heat cycle, and the comfort and safety of the whole vehicle, and the heat pump air conditioner for new energy vehicles is a trend. In China, the first generation of new energy electric vehicles adopts a high-energy consumption electric heater heating technology in winter, and the economical efficiency and the endurance mileage of the vehicles are seriously affected.
When the ambient temperature is low at-7 ℃, the PTC heating by adopting the electric heater can reduce the range of the electric automobile by more than 50%, and the heating by utilizing the heat pump air conditioning system can improve the range by more than 35%, as shown in figure 1. The COP of the heat pump air conditioning system can reach 2-4 under the heating condition in winter, the energy efficiency is several times of that of the PTC heating commonly used at present, the endurance mileage is effectively prolonged, and the heat pump air conditioning system is an important technical means for reducing the energy consumption of the electric automobile. The heat management of the battery and the motor in summer can also effectively improve the endurance mileage by about 20 percent.
However, due to the thermal performance of the refrigerant R134a of the air conditioner, the heat pump air conditioning system cannot work normally below-10 ℃, and the auxiliary PTC is required to perform heating. Heat pump air conditioning systems employing carbon dioxide as a refrigerant have been mass produced in some vehicle models abroad. Related researches are also gradually carried out by part of train enterprises and spare part suppliers in China. The carbon dioxide refrigerant is natural refrigerant, is environment-friendly and has no greenhouse effect, and the heat pump air conditioning system can stably heat at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ due to the thermal physical property of the carbon dioxide refrigerant. Therefore, different from the traditional refrigerant, the system structure is optimized according to the system setting function based on the self specificity of the carbon dioxide heat pump air conditioning system, the energy utilization is comprehensively improved, and the environmental quality and the thermal comfort in the vehicle are improved, so that the problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a new energy automobile air conditioner control system and method capable of humidifying so as to solve the problems that the existing heat pump air conditioner system is low in heating efficiency and cannot humidify air.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
on the one hand, the control method of the humidifying new energy automobile air conditioner comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring temperature and humidity data in the passenger compartment of the automobile in real time through temperature and humidity data acquisition equipment, and judging whether heating, humidifying or cooling is needed according to the acquired temperature and humidity data;
s2: when the temperature is lower than a preset temperature range or the humidity is lower than a preset value, the carbon dioxide refrigerant enters a heating and humidifying device of the air conditioner through the compressor, and the heating and humidifying device heats or humidifies air sent by the air conditioner blower by using the carbon dioxide refrigerant;
s3: the heated and humidified air enters a passenger cabin, carbon dioxide refrigerant circularly flows, and is throttled, depressurized and expanded through an expansion valve;
s4: the depressurized carbon dioxide refrigerant exchanges heat through an outdoor heat exchanger and returns to the compressor to carry out step S1 again;
s5: when the temperature is higher than a preset temperature range, the evaporator cools the air through a carbon dioxide refrigerant, and the cooled air enters the passenger cabin;
s6: the carbon dioxide refrigerant is heated by an intermediate heat exchanger after passing through a gas-liquid separator to carry out the gas-liquid separator, and then enters a compressor for pressurization;
s7: the carbon dioxide refrigerant after heating and pressurizing enters an outdoor heat exchanger to release heat, then enters an intermediate heat exchanger to be further cooled, and the step S1 is carried out again.
Further, in step S2, the heating and humidifying device includes a heater and a humidifier, when heating is required, the heater heats air through the carbon dioxide refrigerant, and when humidifying is required, the humidifier heats water in the humidifier through the carbon dioxide refrigerant to vaporize the water, thereby humidifying the air.
Further, the heating and humidifying device comprises four working modes, namely a heating mode, a humidifying mode, a simultaneous heating and humidifying mode and a first humidifying and then heating mode;
in the heating mode, the carbon dioxide refrigerant only passes through the heater; in the humidifying mode, the carbon dioxide refrigerant only passes through the humidifier; simultaneously heating and humidifying the carbon dioxide refrigerant in a mode, and simultaneously passing through the heater and the humidifier; in the humidifying-heating mode, the carbon dioxide refrigerant heats water through the humidifier, so that the water is vaporized, and then the water passes through the heater, and the air is heated by utilizing the residual temperature of the carbon dioxide refrigerant.
On the other hand, the control system based on the control method of the air conditioner of the new energy automobile capable of being humidified comprises an air conditioner body, a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an intermediate heat exchanger and a gas-liquid separator, wherein the air conditioner body comprises a heating and humidifying device, an evaporator and a blower, the blower feeds air into the air conditioner body, the output end of the compressor is communicated with the heating and humidifying device through a pipeline, the output end of the heating and humidifying device is communicated with the input end of the outdoor heat exchanger, the output end of the outdoor heat exchanger is communicated with the input end of the evaporator, the output end of the evaporator is communicated with the input end of the gas-liquid separator, the output end of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the input end of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the output end of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the input end of the compressor.
Further, the device further comprises a first electronic expansion valve, a second electronic expansion valve, a first electromagnetic valve and a second electromagnetic valve, wherein the first electronic expansion valve is connected to a circuit between the intermediate heat exchanger and the evaporator, one end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected to a circuit between the first electronic expansion valve and the intermediate heat exchanger, the other end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected to a circuit between the gas-liquid separator and the evaporator, the second electronic expansion valve is connected to a circuit between the heating and humidifying device and the outdoor heat exchanger, one end of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with one end of the second electronic expansion valve, and the other end of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with the other end of the second electronic expansion valve.
Further, the heating and humidifying device comprises a heater and a humidifier, the output end of the compressor is respectively connected with a first valve and a third valve, one end of the first valve, which is far away from the compressor, is communicated with the input end of the humidifier, the output end of the humidifier is connected with a fourth valve, one end of the third valve, which is far away from the compressor, is connected with a second valve, one end of the third valve, which is far away from the compressor, is communicated with the input end of the heater, one end of the second valve, which is far away from the third valve, is communicated with the output end of the humidifier, and one end of the fourth valve, which is far away from the humidifier, is communicated with the outdoor heat exchanger.
Further, the humidifier comprises a heating heat exchanger body, a water tank, a water kettle and a water pump, wherein the water kettle is communicated with the water tank through the water pump, and the water tank is communicated with the compressor and the outdoor heat exchanger.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the heat pump air conditioning system for the carbon dioxide refrigerant vehicle replaces the traditional electric heater PTC and the traditional refrigerant vehicle air conditioning system, and can provide an environment-friendly and efficient heating mode for the passenger cabin. The heating efficiency of the PTC of the electric heater is about 0.95, and the heating efficiency of the traditional refrigerant R134a automobile heat pump air conditioning system in a low-temperature environment is about 1.2. And the heating efficiency of the carbon dioxide heat pump air conditioning system in winter is generally more than 2.0. Therefore, the carbon dioxide heat pump air conditioning system reduces the heating power consumption of the passenger cabin, has higher practical value especially for new energy pure electric vehicles, improves the whole vehicle endurance mileage in winter, and reduces the endurance anxiety of passengers. And the carbon dioxide heat pump air conditioning system has high temperature and high heating speed, and can rapidly meet the requirements of passengers on the interior thermal comfort of the vehicle.
The traditional refrigerant R134a automobile heat pump air conditioning system cannot work normally under the low-temperature environment below-7 ℃, and the PTC of the electric heater needs to be started, so that the fundamental problems of endurance mileage anxiety and thermal comfort are not solved. Carbon dioxide has excellent performance under a low-temperature heating mode due to the thermal physical property of the refrigerant, and the carbon dioxide heat pump air conditioning system can stably and normally provide heat under the low-temperature environment below-20 ℃, so that the defects of difficult operation at low temperature, poor heating effect and low thermal comfort of the traditional heat pump air conditioning system of the electric automobile can be overcome.
The humidity in the passenger cabin is generally low in the winter heating mode, and even if the heating requirement is met, the low air humidity can cause the skin of a person to be dry and uncomfortable. According to the characteristic of temperature slippage of the carbon dioxide heat pump air conditioning system in the heat release process, the water in the water tank is heated by a heat release zone in a high temperature zone with the temperature higher than 100 ℃ to generate water vapor, and then the air is humidified. The refrigerant heats water and then enters the heat exchanger to heat air, and the air is heated by utilizing the heat release of the medium-high temperature area in the heat release process of the refrigerant. The heating and the humidification of the air in the air conditioning box are carried out simultaneously, and the hot air and the water vapor are mixed and then sent into the passenger cabin through the air supply of the blower. The hot and humid air containing water vapor enters the passenger cabin, so that the air drying in the passenger cabin can be relieved, the environmental quality and the thermal comfort in the vehicle are improved, and the added value of the electric vehicle is improved. The heat pump air conditioning system utilizes the heating characteristic of the carbon dioxide refrigerant heat pump air conditioning system, reasonably distributes the temperature sliding process in the heat release process by automatically controlling the heat release process of the carbon dioxide refrigerant, effectively utilizes the heat in different temperature ranges, and improves the value and efficiency of the whole vehicle heat pump air conditioning system.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system and a method for controlling an air conditioner of a new energy automobile capable of being humidified according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heating and humidifying device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heating and humidifying device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a heating and humidifying device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a heating-only principle of the heating and humidifying device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a humidifier water circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a system control flow in a humidification heating mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide transcritical cycle versus an R134a subcritical cycle T-s diagram in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the communication may be direct or indirect through an intermediate medium, or may be internal to two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
A control method of a humidifying new energy automobile air conditioner comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring temperature and humidity data in an automobile passenger cabin in real time through temperature and humidity data acquisition equipment, judging whether heating, humidifying or cooling is needed according to the acquired temperature and humidity data, wherein the temperature and humidity data acquisition equipment adopts but is not limited to a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor;
s2: when the temperature is lower than a preset temperature range or the humidity is lower than a preset value, the carbon dioxide refrigerant enters a heating and humidifying device of the air conditioner through the compressor, and the heating and humidifying device heats or humidifies air sent by the air conditioner blower by using the carbon dioxide refrigerant;
s3: the heated and humidified air enters a passenger cabin, carbon dioxide refrigerant circularly flows, and is throttled, depressurized and expanded through an expansion valve;
s4: the depressurized carbon dioxide refrigerant exchanges heat through an outdoor heat exchanger and returns to the compressor to carry out step S1 again;
s5: when the temperature is higher than a preset temperature range, the evaporator cools the air through a carbon dioxide refrigerant, and the cooled air enters the passenger cabin;
s6: the carbon dioxide refrigerant is heated by an intermediate heat exchanger after passing through a gas-liquid separator to carry out the gas-liquid separator, and then enters a compressor for pressurization;
s7: the carbon dioxide refrigerant after heating and pressurizing enters an outdoor heat exchanger to release heat, then enters an intermediate heat exchanger to be further cooled, and the step S1 is carried out again.
The heating and humidifying device in the step S2 comprises a heater and a humidifier, when the heating is needed, the heater heats air through the carbon dioxide refrigerant, and when the humidifying is needed, the humidifier heats water in the humidifier through the carbon dioxide refrigerant to vaporize the water, so that the air is humidified.
The heating and humidifying device comprises four working modes, namely a heating mode, a humidifying mode, a simultaneous heating and humidifying mode and a first humidifying and then heating mode;
in the heating mode, the carbon dioxide refrigerant only passes through the heater; in the humidifying mode, the carbon dioxide refrigerant only passes through the humidifier; simultaneously heating and humidifying the carbon dioxide refrigerant in a mode, and simultaneously passing through the heater and the humidifier; in the humidifying-heating mode, the carbon dioxide refrigerant firstly heats water through the humidifier, then heats air through the heater and utilizes the residual temperature of the carbon dioxide refrigerant.
Under the heating mode in winter, carbon dioxide is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure gas by a compressor and then enters a humidifying and heating device, heating/humidifying/heating is realized according to control requirements, a blower in an air conditioning box is operated to supply air, the air is heated by a direct heating type heat exchanger and then blown into a passenger cabin, the carbon dioxide refrigerant is throttled and depressurized in a heat pump air conditioning system by a second electronic expansion valve, and after absorbing heat by an outdoor heat exchanger, the carbon dioxide refrigerant returns to the compressor to circularly work by a second electromagnetic valve and a gas-liquid separator, an intermediate heat exchanger does not work, and an air door opening position is shown in the figure.
Under the refrigerating mode in summer, carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant, enters an evaporator after being throttled and depressurized by a first electronic expansion valve, the air door rotates to completely block a heating and humidifying device, an air blower in an air conditioning box is operated to supply air, at the moment, air does not pass through the heating and humidifying device, air is cooled by the evaporator and then is blown into a passenger cabin, the carbon dioxide refrigerant absorbs heat and enters a gas-liquid separator, then enters a compressor after being further warmed by an intermediate heat exchanger, high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide refrigerant at an outlet of the compressor enters the humidifying and heating device to be free from heat exchange, enters an outdoor heat exchanger to be released by heat after passing through a first electromagnetic valve, and returns to the first electronic expansion valve to be circularly operated after entering the intermediate heat exchanger to be further cooled.
As shown in figure 1, the control system based on the control method of the air conditioner of the new energy automobile capable of being humidified comprises an air conditioner body, a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an intermediate heat exchanger and a gas-liquid separator, wherein the air conditioner body comprises a heating and humidifying device, an evaporator and a blower, the blower sends air into the air conditioner body, the output end of the compressor is communicated with the heating and humidifying device through a pipeline, the output end of the heating and humidifying device is communicated with the input end of the outdoor heat exchanger, the output end of the outdoor heat exchanger is communicated with the input end of the evaporator, the output end of the evaporator is communicated with the input end of the gas-liquid separator, the output end of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the input end of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the output end of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the input end of the compressor.
As shown in fig. 1, the device further comprises a first electronic expansion valve, a second electronic expansion valve, a first electromagnetic valve and a second electromagnetic valve, wherein the first electronic expansion valve is connected to a circuit between the intermediate heat exchanger and the evaporator, one end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected to a circuit between the first electronic expansion valve and the intermediate heat exchanger, the other end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected to a circuit between the gas-liquid separator and the evaporator, the second electronic expansion valve is connected to a circuit between the heating and humidifying device and the outdoor heat exchanger, one end of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with one end of the second electronic expansion valve, and the other end of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with the other end of the second electronic expansion valve.
As shown in fig. 2, the heating and humidifying device comprises a heater and a humidifier, the output end of the compressor is respectively connected with a first valve and a third valve, one end of the first valve, which is far away from the compressor, is communicated with the input end of the humidifier, the output end of the humidifier is connected with a fourth valve, one end of the third valve, which is far away from the compressor, is connected with a second valve, one end of the third valve, which is far away from the compressor, is communicated with the input end of the heater, one end of the second valve, which is far away from the third valve, is communicated with the output end of the humidifier, and one end of the fourth valve, which is far away from the humidifier, is communicated with the outdoor heat exchanger. The heater is conventional and conventional, and will not be described in detail herein.
As shown in fig. 6, the humidifier comprises a heating heat exchanger body, a water tank, a water kettle and a water pump, wherein the water kettle is communicated with the water tank through the water pump, and the water tank is communicated with the compressor and the outdoor heat exchanger.
As shown in fig. 8, the humidity in the passenger compartment is low in the low temperature environment, and the dry hot air blowing face may cause discomfort. By utilizing the characteristic of the carbon dioxide refrigerant in the heat release process, the carbon dioxide can reach a high temperature higher than 100 ℃ after being compressed by the compressor, and the high temperature and the heat are utilized to heat water to evaporate and humidify the passenger cabin. The temperature of the carbon dioxide refrigerant after heating the water is reduced, and the air is further heated. Therefore, the high-temperature heat release process is divided into two sections by utilizing the heat release characteristic of the carbon dioxide refrigerant, namely heating water and heating air. The heated and humidified air is supplied by the blower in the air conditioning box to blow the hot and humid air into the passenger cabin, so that the temperature and humidity of the air in the passenger cabin are raised simultaneously
As shown in fig. 2, the conventional heat exchanger for direct heating is changed into a humidifier and a heater, and the heater is a direct heating type heat exchanger for direct heat exchange with air, which is generally a flat tube fin type heat exchanger for heating air as in the prior system; the humidifier is a heat exchange tube immersed in the water tank, generally a copper pipe coil with a higher heat transfer system can be adopted, water in the water tank is heated at a high temperature to evaporate the copper pipe coil, and the evaporated water vapor flows out of the water tank and is sent into the passenger cabin together with the heated hot air.
As shown in fig. 6, the humidifier water cycle is composed of a heating heat exchanger body, a water tank, a water kettle, a water pump, a water level sensor, a pipeline and the like. The water in the water tank is heated and evaporated by the coil heat exchanger immersed in the water tank, and when the water level sensor detects that the water quantity is insufficient, the water pump is started and the water tank is supplied with water by the water kettle.
As shown in fig. 3, the first valve and the second valve in the heating and humidifying circulation system are opened, and the third valve and the fourth valve are closed. The high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide refrigerant firstly heats water in the water tank through the humidifier to evaporate, and then flows into the heater. The temperature of the carbon dioxide refrigerant in the heater is lower than that of the carbon dioxide refrigerant in the humidifier, and the air is heated by exchanging heat with the supply air. The heated air and water vapor are blown into the passenger cabin through the air supply of the air blower, and meanwhile, the passenger cabin is heated and humidified, so that the requirement of the passenger on the thermal comfort is met.
As shown in fig. 4, the first valve, the third valve and the fourth valve in the heating and humidifying circulation system are opened, and the second valve is closed. The high temperature and high pressure carbon dioxide refrigerant simultaneously heats the water in the water tank through the humidifier to evaporate the water, and the heater heats the supply air. The heated air and water vapor are blown into the passenger cabin through the air supply of the air blower, and meanwhile, the passenger cabin is heated and humidified, so that the requirement of the passenger on the thermal comfort is met.
When the humidity monitoring value in the passenger cabin is higher than the preset value, the passenger cabin is not required to be humidified or stopped, at the moment, the third valve is opened, the first valve, the second valve and the fourth valve are closed as shown in fig. 5, and the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide refrigerant directly enters the heater to exchange heat with the supply air to heat the air. The passenger cabin is blown in by the air blower, so that the thermal comfort requirement of passengers is met.
The heat pump air conditioning system for the carbon dioxide refrigerant vehicle can provide heating and humidification simultaneously in winter, and the humidification requirement is generally considered to be in winter.
Mode one: a single heating request. At the moment, the first valve, the second valve and the fourth valve are closed, the third valve is opened, the carbon dioxide refrigerant exchanges heat with air only through the heater, and heated air enters the passenger cabin.
Mode two: a single humidification request. At the moment, the first valve and the fourth valve are opened, the second valve and the third valve are closed, the carbon dioxide refrigerant only passes through the humidifier to heat water in the water tank into water vapor, and the water vapor enters the passenger cabin for humidification through air supply of the blower. However, only the humidification request has no heating request, and if hot and humid water vapor is simply sent into the passenger compartment, the passenger compartment may be uncomfortable. At this time, refrigeration and humidification internal circulation is carried out, namely, carbon dioxide refrigerant enters an outdoor heat exchanger to further release heat after passing through a humidification heating device, and then returns to a compressor for circulation after passing through an intermediate heat exchanger, an evaporator and a gas-liquid separator.
Mode three: the humidification request amount is relatively large, the heating request amount is relatively small, and at the moment, the first valve and the second valve are opened, and the third valve and the fourth valve are closed. The carbon dioxide refrigerant firstly passes through the humidifier to heat water in the water tank into water vapor, the carbon dioxide refrigerant with reduced temperature after heat exchange exchanges heat with air by the heater, and the heated air and the water vapor are mixed and supplied by the blower to enter the passenger cabin for humidification and heating. The air door in the air conditioning box moves corresponding positions according to the design and is adjusted to the positions where the air supply passes through the heater and the humidifier at the same time.
Mode four: the humidification request amount is relatively small, the heating request amount is relatively large, and at the moment, the first valve, the third valve and the fourth valve are simultaneously opened, and the second valve is closed. Because the humidification and the heating simultaneously need the carbon dioxide refrigerant heat distribution of the compressor outlet, the heating quantity and the humidification quantity need to be calculated through an internal algorithm according to the set monitoring sensor and the target value, and the opening degrees of the first valve and the third valve need to be calculated according to the algorithm for adjustment. The air door in the air conditioning box moves corresponding positions according to the design and is adjusted to the positions where the air supply passes through the heater and the humidifier at the same time. The carbon dioxide refrigerant passes through both the humidifier and the heater. The water in the water tank is heated into water vapor in the humidifier, heat exchange is carried out between the water vapor and air supply air in the heater, and the heated air and the water vapor are mixed and supplied by the blower and enter the passenger cabin for humidification and heating.
In winter, the heat pump air conditioning system for the carbon dioxide refrigerant vehicle replaces the traditional electric heater PTC and the traditional refrigerant vehicle air conditioning system, and can provide an environment-friendly and efficient heating mode for the passenger cabin. The heating efficiency of the PTC of the electric heater is about 0.95, and the heating efficiency of the traditional refrigerant R134a automobile heat pump air conditioning system in a low-temperature environment is about 1.2. And the heating efficiency of the carbon dioxide heat pump air conditioning system in winter is generally more than 2.0. Therefore, the carbon dioxide heat pump air conditioning system reduces the heating power consumption of the passenger cabin, has higher practical value especially for new energy pure electric vehicles, improves the whole vehicle endurance mileage in winter, and reduces the endurance anxiety of passengers. And the carbon dioxide heat pump air conditioning system has high temperature and high heating speed, and can rapidly meet the requirements of passengers on the interior thermal comfort of the vehicle.
The traditional refrigerant R134a automobile heat pump air conditioning system cannot work normally under the low-temperature environment below-7 ℃, and the PTC of the electric heater needs to be started, so that the fundamental problems of endurance mileage anxiety and thermal comfort are not solved. Carbon dioxide has excellent performance under a low-temperature heating mode due to the thermal physical property of the refrigerant, and the carbon dioxide heat pump air conditioning system can stably and normally provide heat under the low-temperature environment below-20 ℃, so that the defects of difficult operation at low temperature, poor heating effect and low thermal comfort of the traditional heat pump air conditioning system of the electric automobile can be overcome.
The humidity in the passenger cabin is generally low in the winter heating mode, and even if the heating requirement is met, the low air humidity can cause the skin of a person to be dry and uncomfortable. According to the characteristic of temperature slippage of the carbon dioxide heat pump air conditioning system in the heat release process, the water in the water tank is heated by a heat release zone in a high temperature zone with the temperature higher than 100 ℃ to generate water vapor, and then the air is humidified. The refrigerant heats water and then enters the heat exchanger to heat air, and the air is heated by utilizing the heat release of the medium-high temperature area in the heat release process of the refrigerant. The heating and the humidification of the air in the air conditioning box are carried out simultaneously, and the hot air and the water vapor are mixed and then sent into the passenger cabin through the air supply of the blower. The hot and humid air containing water vapor enters the passenger cabin, so that the air drying in the passenger cabin can be relieved, the environmental quality and the thermal comfort in the vehicle are improved, and the added value of the electric vehicle is improved. The heat pump air conditioning system utilizes the heating characteristic of the carbon dioxide refrigerant heat pump air conditioning system, reasonably distributes the temperature sliding process in the heat release process by automatically controlling the heat release process of the carbon dioxide refrigerant, effectively utilizes the heat in different temperature ranges, and improves the value and efficiency of the whole vehicle heat pump air conditioning system.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The control method of the humidifying new energy automobile air conditioner is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: acquiring temperature and humidity data in the passenger compartment of the automobile in real time through temperature and humidity data acquisition equipment, and judging whether heating, humidifying or cooling is needed according to the acquired temperature and humidity data;
s2: when the temperature is lower than a preset temperature range or the humidity is lower than a preset value, the carbon dioxide refrigerant enters a heating and humidifying device of the air conditioner through the compressor, and the heating and humidifying device heats or humidifies air sent by the air conditioner blower by using the carbon dioxide refrigerant;
s3: the heated and humidified air enters a passenger cabin, carbon dioxide refrigerant circularly flows, and is throttled, depressurized and expanded through an expansion valve;
s4: the depressurized carbon dioxide refrigerant exchanges heat through an outdoor heat exchanger and returns to the compressor to carry out step S1 again;
s5: when the temperature is higher than a preset temperature range, the evaporator cools the air through a carbon dioxide refrigerant, and the cooled air enters the passenger cabin;
s6: the carbon dioxide refrigerant is heated by an intermediate heat exchanger after passing through a gas-liquid separator to carry out the gas-liquid separator, and then enters a compressor for pressurization;
s7: the carbon dioxide refrigerant after heating and pressurizing enters an outdoor heat exchanger to release heat, then enters an intermediate heat exchanger to be further cooled, and the step S1 is carried out again;
the heating and humidifying device in the step S2 comprises a heater and a humidifier, when the heating is needed, the heater heats air through carbon dioxide refrigerant, and when the humidifying is needed, the humidifier heats water in the humidifier through the carbon dioxide refrigerant to vaporize the water, so that the air is humidified;
the heating and humidifying device comprises four working modes, namely a heating mode, a humidifying mode, a simultaneous heating and humidifying mode and a first humidifying and then heating mode;
in the heating mode, the carbon dioxide refrigerant only passes through the heater; in the humidifying mode, the carbon dioxide refrigerant only passes through the humidifier; simultaneously heating and humidifying the carbon dioxide refrigerant in a mode, and simultaneously passing through the heater and the humidifier; in the humidifying and heating mode, the carbon dioxide refrigerant firstly heats water through the humidifier to vaporize the water, then passes through the heater to heat air by utilizing the residual temperature of the carbon dioxide refrigerant;
the control system of the air conditioner control method comprises an air conditioner body, a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an intermediate heat exchanger and a gas-liquid separator, wherein the air conditioner body comprises a heating and humidifying device, an evaporator and a blower, the blower sends air into the air conditioner body, the output end of the compressor is communicated with the heating and humidifying device through a pipeline, the output end of the heating and humidifying device is communicated with the input end of the outdoor heat exchanger, the output end of the outdoor heat exchanger is communicated with the input end of the evaporator, the output end of the evaporator is communicated with the input end of the gas-liquid separator, the output end of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the input end of the intermediate heat exchanger, and the output end of the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the input end of the compressor;
the control system of the air conditioner control method further comprises a first electronic expansion valve, a second electronic expansion valve, a first electromagnetic valve and a second electromagnetic valve, wherein the first electronic expansion valve is connected to a circuit between the intermediate heat exchanger and the evaporator, one end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected to a circuit between the first electronic expansion valve and the intermediate heat exchanger, the other end of the second electromagnetic valve is connected to a circuit between the gas-liquid separator and the evaporator, the second electronic expansion valve is connected to a circuit between the heating and humidifying device and the outdoor heat exchanger, one end of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with one end of the second electronic expansion valve, and the other end of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with the other end of the second electronic expansion valve.
2. The method for controlling the air conditioner of the humidified new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the heating and humidifying device comprises a heater and a humidifier, wherein the output end of the compressor is respectively connected with a first valve and a third valve, one end of the first valve, which is far away from the compressor, is communicated with the input end of the humidifier, the output end of the humidifier is connected with a fourth valve, one end of the third valve, which is far away from the compressor, is connected with a second valve, one end of the third valve, which is far away from the compressor, is communicated with the input end of the heater, one end of the second valve, which is far away from the third valve, is communicated with the output end of the humidifier, and one end of the fourth valve, which is far away from the humidifier, is communicated with the outdoor heat exchanger.
3. The method for controlling the air conditioner of the humidified new energy automobile according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the humidifier comprises a heating heat exchanger body, a water tank, a water kettle and a water pump, wherein the water kettle is communicated with the water tank through the water pump, and the water tank is communicated with the compressor and the outdoor heat exchanger.
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