CN113579238A - Preparation method of austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing, which comprises the following steps: step 1, smelting austenitic stainless steel to prepare an austenitic stainless steel alloy ingot; and 2, processing the prepared austenitic stainless steel alloy ingot into furnace burden with standard size, and carrying out gas atomization powder preparation to obtain austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing. The prepared 3D printing austenitic stainless steel powder is good in quality and batch stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal powder preparation, and relates to a preparation method of austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing.
Background
At present, the 3D printing technology is rapidly developed and has a wide prospect, plays an important role in a plurality of fields of social life, and particularly has great development potential in the manufacturing industry. The continuous development of additive manufacturing technology has led more and more researchers to research high quality low cost 3D printing metal powder preparation technology and method. With the demand of large-scale complex parts for manufacturing metal powder in major projects of the countries of chemical industry, electronic industry and other special industries, the research and development of the key technology for preparing the metal powder for high-quality 3D printing at low cost are carried out very slowly.
The austenitic stainless steel 316H and the like are excellent structural materials, have good comprehensive mechanical properties, and are widely applied to the fields of pipelines, medical instruments, household appliances, food processing, buildings and the like. With the rapid development of powder metallurgy technology, the demand of austenitic stainless steel powder is increasing. The austenitic stainless steel 316H has good popularization and application potential in the field of metal powder preparation for 3D printing due to excellent performance.
In addition, metal powder for 3D printing is generally prepared by an aerosolization method. The gas atomization method is mainly divided into free fall gas atomization and close coupling gas atomization. Close coupled aerosolization is the most common aerosolization process. In the tight coupling gas atomization, a melt outlet and an atomization gas outlet are closely coupled in position, the flowing length of liquid metal is reduced, the loss of gas kinetic energy is small, the film formation and the initial crushing of the melt are facilitated, and the atomization efficiency is obviously improved.
At present, domestic metal-based 3D printing powder does not relate to preparation of master alloy, and is mostly prepared by processing recycled waste metal materials, so that the problems that the quality of the prepared metal-based 3D printing powder is not high, the product performance is unstable and the like are caused. Austenitic stainless steel powder micro-particle sphericity psi prepared by traditional method0Less than or equal to 80 percent; median diameter d of the powder50More than or equal to 60 mu m; the Hall flow rate is more than or equal to 17s/50 g; the apparent density is less than or equal to 4.0g/cm3(ii) a The tap density is less than or equal to 4.7g/cm3. In addition to the above poor performance, there are also problems of high oxygen and other impurity contents, poor particle size distribution, poor component uniformity, and the like.
Therefore, the research on the preparation method of the austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing, and the prepared austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing is good in quality and batch stability.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing comprises the following steps:
step 1, smelting austenitic stainless steel to prepare an austenitic stainless steel alloy ingot;
and 2, processing the prepared austenitic stainless steel alloy ingot into furnace burden with standard size, and carrying out gas atomization powder preparation to obtain austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing.
Preferably, step 1 comprises:
step 1.1: smelting austenitic stainless steel;
step 1.2: casting the smelted austenitic stainless steel to prepare a continuous casting billet;
step 1.3: carrying out electroslag remelting on the prepared continuous casting billet, removing impurities, and preparing an austenitic stainless steel alloy ingot;
step 1.4: cleaning the surface of the austenitic stainless steel alloy cast ingot subjected to electroslag remelting;
step 1.5: machining the austenitic stainless steel alloy cast ingot with the cleaned surface to obtain furnace burden with standard size, and then carrying out gas atomization to prepare powder, so as to obtain austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing.
Further, step 1.1 specifically includes: and smelting austenitic stainless steel by adopting a converter or an electric furnace, and then carrying out secondary refining on the austenitic stainless steel by adopting an LF furnace and a VD furnace or an LF furnace and a VOD furnace.
Further, in step 1.2, a billet caster or a slab caster is used for casting austenitic stainless steel to prepare a continuous casting billet.
Further, in step 1.2, the A-type center segregation of the continuous casting slab is less than 1.0 grade, the corner cracks and the triangular region cracks are less than 1.0 grade, the pinhole-shaped bubbles and the honeycomb-shaped bubbles are less than 1.0 grade, and the inclusions of aluminum oxide and silicate are not more than 1.0 grade.
Further, in step 1.3, the total oxygen content of the obtained austenitic stainless steel alloy ingot is less than 25ppm, the chlorine content is less than 10ppm, and the content of aluminum oxide and silicate impurities is less than 1.0 grade.
Further, in step 1.4, a casting blank coping mode is adopted to carry out surface cleaning on the alloy ingot subjected to electroslag remelting.
Further, step 1.5 gas atomization is specifically: charging furnace burden, vacuumizing in the furnace body, melting the furnace burden, stopping vacuumizing after the furnace burden is completely melted, refilling atomizing gas in the furnace body to enable the pressure in an atomizing bin to reach 1.01-1.1 atm, heating the melt to a preset temperature, and starting atomizing.
Furthermore, the atomization adopts a ring hole type tightly coupled atomizer.
Further, a drainage fan is started in the atomization process, and the drainage fan is continuously started for more than 3min after atomization is finished; and closing the tail row after atomization is finished, cooling the obtained austenitic stainless steel powder in atomizing gas, and carrying out vacuum sealing after cooling for 4-5 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the invention, firstly, the austenitic stainless steel alloy cast ingot is prepared, and then the austenitic stainless steel alloy cast ingot is used as a raw material to prepare the austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing, because the prepared austenitic stainless steel alloy cast ingot has higher quality and stable quality compared with waste metal materials, the 3D printing austenitic stainless steel powder prepared by atomization of the austenitic stainless steel alloy cast ingot has better quality, good powder flowability, uniform particle size distribution and low oxygen content, the prepared powder has stable chemical components and stable batch, and can meet the performance requirements of the metal powder for 3D printing. The method for preparing the powder is simple and efficient, the cost is low, and the yield of the fine powder is high.
Further, the preparation of the master alloy is carried out by adopting an electroslag remelting technology. The electroslag remelting steel has the advantages of high purity, low sulfur content, less non-metallic inclusions, smooth steel ingot surface, uniform and compact crystallization, uniform microstructure and chemical components and the like. Particularly has remarkable effects on the homogenization preparation, the impurity removal and the removal of nonmetallic inclusions of the high-quality steel. The alloy element loss and the component uniformity of the cast ingot are detected and analyzed by a chemical analysis method by respectively sampling the upper, middle and lower 3 parts of the cast ingot. The content of each element is closer to the nominal composition of the alloy, and the upper and lower distribution is more uniform, thereby providing a powerful guarantee for the stability of the chemical composition of the powder.
Furthermore, the oxygen content in the casting blank is less than 30ppm, and the sulfur content in the casting blank is less than 10ppm, which is beneficial to improving the purity of the powder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 500-fold magnified microscopic morphology of the austenitic stainless steel powder prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a 200-fold magnified microscopic morphology of the austenitic stainless steel powder prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The invention discloses a preparation method of austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing, which comprises the following steps:
1. prefabricating alloy ingots: the austenitic stainless steel alloy ingot is prepared by adopting an electric furnace/converter-LF furnace and a VD furnace (LF furnace and VOD), continuous casting, electroslag remelting and surface cleaning, harmful impurities and non-metallic inclusions are removed, common looseness and shrinkage cavities of the alloy ingot are eliminated, the alloy ingot with excellent quality is prepared, the chemical stability of the components of the alloy ingot is good, the total oxygen content of the alloy ingot is less than 25ppm, and the content of aluminum oxide and silicate impurities is not less than 1.0 level.
2. Gas atomization powder preparation: and processing the prepared austenitic stainless steel ingot into furnace charge powder of a standard size, and carrying out vacuum medium-frequency induction heating and atomization by using a tightly coupled atomizer. Prepared austenitic stainless steel powder micro-particle sphericity psi0More than or equal to 98 percent; median diameter d of the powder5025-45 μm; the Hall flow rate is less than 15 s; the apparent density is more than or equal to 4.0g/cm3(ii) a The tap density is more than or equal to 4.8g/cm3。
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: smelting austenitic stainless steel by adopting a converter or an electric furnace, and performing secondary refining by adopting an LF furnace and VD (or VOD) to remove impurities and fine-adjust components;
step two: and (2) casting the austenitic stainless steel by adopting a billet continuous casting machine or a slab continuous casting machine to prepare a qualified continuous casting billet, wherein the class A center segregation of the continuous casting billet is less than 1.0 level, the corner cracks and the triangular region cracks are less than 1.0 level, the pinhole-shaped bubbles and the cellular bubbles are less than 1.0 level, and the inclusions of aluminum oxide and silicate are not more than 1.0 level.
Step three: and carrying out electroslag remelting on the prepared qualified continuous casting billet, removing harmful impurities and non-metallic inclusions, eliminating common looseness and shrinkage cavities of the steel ingot, and preparing the alloy ingot with excellent quality, wherein the chemical stability of the components of the alloy ingot is good, the total oxygen content of the alloy ingot is less than 30ppm, the sulfur content is less than 10ppm, and the inclusions of aluminum oxide and silicate are less than 1.0 level.
Step four: and cleaning the surface of the alloy ingot subjected to electroslag remelting by adopting a casting blank coping mode.
Step five: and (4) machining the alloy ingot after the surface is cleaned, preparing furnace burden suitable for a vacuum induction gas atomization device, and charging. Vacuum pumping is carried out, and the vacuum degree reaches 6.67 multiplied by 10-3And Pa, feeding electricity to melt the furnace charge, stopping vacuumizing after the furnace charge is completely melted, refilling high-purity argon to enable the pressure in the atomization bin to reach 1.01-1.1 atm, heating the melt to a preset temperature, and starting atomization. An annular hole type tightly-coupled atomizer is adopted, the atomizing gas is high-purity argon, the superheat degree of a melt is 100-200K, the diameter of a flow guide pipe is 3.0-7.0 mm, and the pressure of the atomizing gas is 2.0-8.0 MPa. And starting a drainage fan in the atomization process, and continuously starting for more than 3min after the atomization is finished. And closing the tail row after atomization is finished, cooling the powder in argon to prevent oxidation, and carrying out vacuum sealing after cooling for 4-5 hours.
Step six: and screening the atomized powder by adopting a vibrating screen classifier, and sealing and storing by adopting a vacuum packaging machine to obtain the austenitic stainless steel powder. Prepared austenitic stainless steel powder micro-particle sphericity psi0More than or equal to 98 percent; median diameter d of the powder5025-45 μm; the Hall flow rate is less than 15 s; the apparent density is more than or equal to 4.0g/cm3(ii) a The tap density is more than or equal to 4.8g/cm3。
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: smelting austenitic stainless steel 316H by adopting an electric furnace, and performing secondary refining by adopting an LF furnace and VD to remove impurities and fine-tune components;
step two: and (3) adopting a slab caster for casting to prepare a qualified continuous casting billet, wherein the class A center segregation of the continuous casting billet is less than 0.5 grade, the corner cracks and the triangular region cracks are less than 0.5 grade, the pinhole-shaped bubbles and the honeycomb-shaped bubbles are less than 0.5 grade, and the inclusions of aluminum oxide and silicate are not more than 1.0 grade.
Step three: and carrying out electroslag remelting on the prepared qualified casting blank, removing harmful impurities and non-metallic inclusions, eliminating common looseness and shrinkage cavities of the steel ingot, and preparing the alloy ingot with excellent quality, wherein the chemical stability of the components of the alloy ingot is good, the total oxygen content of the alloy ingot is 23ppm, and the inclusions of aluminum oxide and silicate are less than 1.0 level.
Step four: and cleaning the surface of the alloy ingot subjected to electroslag remelting by adopting a casting blank coping mode.
Step five: and machining the polished alloy ingot to obtain 10kg of alloy ingot, and putting the alloy ingot into a 20kg vacuum induction gas atomization device. Vacuum pumping is carried out, and the vacuum degree reaches 6.67 multiplied by 10-3And Pa, feeding electricity to melt the furnace charge, stopping vacuumizing after the furnace charge is completely melted, refilling high-purity argon to enable the pressure in the atomization bin to reach 1.05atm, heating the melt to a preset temperature, and starting atomization. An annular hole type tightly-coupled atomizer is adopted, the atomizing gas is high-purity argon, the superheat degree of a melt is 200K, the diameter of a flow guide pipe is 4.0mm, and the pressure of the atomizing gas is 5.0 MPa. And starting a drainage fan in the atomization process, and continuously starting for more than 3min after the atomization is finished. And closing the tail row after atomization is finished, cooling the powder in argon to prevent oxidation, and carrying out vacuum sealing after cooling for 4 hours.
Step six: and screening the atomized powder by adopting a vibrating screening machine, and sealing and storing by adopting a vacuum packaging machine. Prepared austenitic stainless steel powder micro-particle sphericity psi0More than or equal to 95 percent; median diameter d of the powder5045 μm; the Hall flow rate is 15s/50 g; apparent density of 4.3g/cm3(ii) a The tap density is 5.2g/cm3。
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: smelting austenitic stainless steel 316H by adopting an electric furnace, and performing secondary refining by adopting an LF furnace and VD to remove impurities and fine-tune components;
step two: and (3) adopting a slab caster for casting to prepare a qualified continuous casting billet, wherein the class A center segregation of the continuous casting billet is less than 0.5 grade, the corner cracks and the triangular region cracks are less than 0.5 grade, the pinhole-shaped bubbles and the honeycomb-shaped bubbles are less than 0.5 grade, and the inclusions of aluminum oxide and silicate are not more than 1.0 grade.
Step three: and carrying out electroslag remelting on the prepared qualified casting blank, removing harmful impurities and non-metallic inclusions, eliminating common looseness and shrinkage cavities of the steel ingot, and preparing the alloy ingot with excellent quality, wherein the chemical stability of the components of the alloy ingot is good, the total oxygen content of the alloy ingot is 23ppm, and the inclusions of aluminum oxide and silicate are less than 1.0 level.
Step four: and cleaning the surface of the alloy ingot subjected to electroslag remelting by adopting a casting blank coping mode.
Step five: and machining the polished alloy ingot to obtain 10kg of alloy ingot, and putting the alloy ingot into a 20kg vacuum induction gas atomization device. Vacuum pumping is carried out, and the vacuum degree reaches 6.67 multiplied by 10-3And Pa, feeding electricity to melt the furnace charge, stopping vacuumizing after the furnace charge is completely melted, refilling high-purity argon to enable the pressure in the atomization bin to reach 1.1atm, heating the melt to a preset temperature, and starting atomization. An annular hole type tightly-coupled atomizer is adopted, the atomizing gas is high-purity argon, the superheat degree of a melt is 150K, the diameter of a flow guide pipe is 4.0mm, and the pressure of the atomizing gas is 4.0 MPa. And starting a drainage fan in the atomization process, and continuously starting for more than 3min after the atomization is finished. And closing the tail row after atomization is finished, cooling the powder in argon to prevent oxidation, and carrying out vacuum sealing after cooling for 4 hours.
Step six: and screening the atomized powder by adopting a vibrating screening machine, and sealing and storing by adopting a vacuum packaging machine. Prepared austenitic stainless steel powder micro-particle sphericity psi0More than or equal to 94 percent; median diameter d of the powder5046 μm; the Hall flow rate is 15.3s/50 g; apparent density 4.2g/cm3(ii) a The tap density is 5.1g/cm3。
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: smelting austenitic stainless steel 316H by adopting an electric furnace, and performing secondary refining by adopting an LF furnace and VD to remove impurities and fine-tune components;
step two: and (3) adopting a slab caster for casting to prepare a qualified continuous casting billet, wherein the class A center segregation of the continuous casting billet is less than 0.5 grade, the corner cracks and the triangular region cracks are less than 0.5 grade, the pinhole-shaped bubbles and the honeycomb-shaped bubbles are less than 0.5 grade, and the inclusions of aluminum oxide and silicate are not more than 1.0 grade.
Step three: and carrying out electroslag remelting on the prepared qualified casting blank, removing harmful impurities and non-metallic inclusions, eliminating common looseness and shrinkage cavities of the steel ingot, and preparing the alloy ingot with excellent quality, wherein the chemical stability of the components of the alloy ingot is good, the total oxygen content of the alloy ingot is 23ppm, and the inclusions of aluminum oxide and silicate are less than 1.0 level.
Step four: and cleaning the surface of the alloy ingot subjected to electroslag remelting by adopting a casting blank coping mode.
Step five: and machining the polished alloy ingot to obtain 10kg of alloy ingot, and putting the alloy ingot into a 20kg vacuum induction gas atomization device. Vacuum pumping is carried out, and the vacuum degree reaches 6.67 multiplied by 10-3And Pa, feeding electricity to melt the furnace charge, stopping vacuumizing after the furnace charge is completely melted, refilling high-purity argon to enable the pressure in the atomization bin to reach 1.01atm, heating the melt to a preset temperature, and starting atomization. An annular hole type tightly-coupled atomizer is adopted, the atomizing gas is high-purity argon, the superheat degree of a melt is 100K, the diameter of a flow guide pipe is 4.0mm, and the pressure of the atomizing gas is 6.0 MPa. And starting a drainage fan in the atomization process, and continuously starting for more than 3min after the atomization is finished. And closing the tail row after atomization is finished, cooling the powder in argon to prevent oxidation, and carrying out vacuum sealing after cooling for 4 hours.
Step six: and screening the atomized powder by adopting a vibrating screening machine, and sealing and storing by adopting a vacuum packaging machine. Prepared austenitic stainless steel powder micro-particle sphericity psi0More than or equal to 95 percent; median diameter d of the powder5044 μm; the Hall flow rate is 14.9s/50 g; apparent density 4.4g/cm3(ii) a The tap density is 5.3g/cm3。
Fig. 1 and 2 are SEM of the powder prepared in example 1 of the present invention, and it can be seen that the sphericity of the powder particles is better.
From examples 1-3, it can be seen that the sphericity of the fine particles, the median diameter of the powder, the hall flow rate, the apparent density and the tap density of the austenitic stainless steel powder obtained by the preparation method are all improved compared with the prior art, and from comparative examples 1-3, the quality of the material obtained by multiple preparation is relatively stable, and the austenitic stainless steel powder obtained by the preparation method is relatively good in quality and can meet the use requirements.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, smelting austenitic stainless steel to prepare an austenitic stainless steel alloy ingot;
and 2, processing the prepared austenitic stainless steel alloy ingot into furnace burden with standard size, and carrying out gas atomization powder preparation to obtain austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing.
2. The method for preparing austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein step 1 comprises:
step 1.1: smelting austenitic stainless steel;
step 1.2: casting the smelted austenitic stainless steel to prepare a continuous casting billet;
step 1.3: carrying out electroslag remelting on the prepared continuous casting billet, removing impurities, and preparing an austenitic stainless steel alloy ingot;
step 1.4: cleaning the surface of the austenitic stainless steel alloy cast ingot subjected to electroslag remelting;
step 1.5: machining the austenitic stainless steel alloy cast ingot with the cleaned surface to obtain furnace burden with standard size, and then carrying out gas atomization to prepare powder, so as to obtain austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing.
3. The method for preparing austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 2, wherein step 1.1 is specifically: and smelting austenitic stainless steel by adopting a converter or an electric furnace, and then carrying out secondary refining on the austenitic stainless steel by adopting an LF furnace and a VD furnace or an LF furnace and a VOD furnace.
4. The method for preparing the austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 2, wherein in step 1.2, the austenitic stainless steel is cast by a billet caster or a slab caster to prepare a continuous casting billet.
5. The method for preparing austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 2, wherein in step 1.2, group a center segregation of the continuous casting slab is less than 1.0 grade, corner cracks and triangular region cracks are less than 1.0 grade, pinhole-like bubbles and honeycomb-like bubbles are less than 1.0 grade, and aluminum oxide and silicate inclusions are not more than 1.0 grade.
6. The method for preparing austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 2, wherein in step 1.3, the total oxygen content of the obtained austenitic stainless steel alloy ingot is less than 25ppm, the chlorine content is less than 10ppm, and the aluminum oxide and silicate impurities are less than 1.0 grade.
7. The method for preparing austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 2, wherein in step 1.4, the alloy ingot after electroslag remelting is subjected to surface cleaning by means of casting blank grinding.
8. The preparation method of austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 2, wherein the step 1.5 of gas atomization powder preparation is specifically: charging furnace burden, vacuumizing in the furnace body, melting the furnace burden, stopping vacuumizing after the furnace burden is completely melted, refilling atomizing gas in the furnace body to enable the pressure in an atomizing bin to reach 1.01-1.1 atm, heating the melt to a preset temperature, and starting atomizing.
9. The method for preparing austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 8, wherein the atomization is performed using a close-coupled atomizer of an annular ring type.
10. The method for preparing austenitic stainless steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 8, wherein a flow guiding fan is started during atomization, and the start is continued for more than 3min after the atomization is finished; and closing the tail row after atomization is finished, cooling the obtained austenitic stainless steel powder in atomizing gas, and carrying out vacuum sealing after cooling for 4-5 hours.
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