CN113578963B - 一种连铸连轧产线生产薄规格45钢的方法 - Google Patents
一种连铸连轧产线生产薄规格45钢的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
- B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种连铸连轧产线生产1.35mm规格45钢的方法,属于钢铁生产领域,方法步骤包括:炼钢工序、铸轧工序、缓冷工序;所述的铸轧工序包括连铸、粗轧、感应加热、精轧、冷却、卷取;所述的连铸中:连铸拉速≥4.8m/min;中包过热度12‑25℃;铸坯断面温差在50℃以内;中间坯厚度为12‑14mm;所述的粗轧中:粗轧出口温度900‑950℃;所述的感应加热中:IH感应加热炉出口温度1150‑1170℃;所述的精轧中:精轧出口温度810℃以上;卷取温度在630‑680℃,并采用大单位张力≥40Mpa卷取。与现有技术相比较,本方法可以稳定的生产1.35mm到1.5mm规格的45钢。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钢铁生产方法,特别是连铸连轧产线生产1.35mm规格45钢的方法。
背景技术
经调研热轧中高碳市场容量较大品种为优质碳素结构钢,主要供给冷轧企业,经冷轧后广泛应用于链条、刀具、量具、五金、机械、汽车等各个行业。市场特点是专业化强,流通性差,且下游产品对技术要求较高,具有一定的刚性需求。近年来,随国内热轧用钢行业的健康发展及政府和社会对环境保护的高度重视,用材从最初的以普通材料、满足用户基本需求,逐步升级换代,往绿色、环保、薄规格、高强度等方向发展。
随着工艺现代化、设备大型化、生产集约化的推进,连铸连轧产线生产方式因其有效降低客户后道工序冷轧、退火加工等成本,节约能耗和工时等优势,逐渐成为钢铁生产中重要组成。
但现有的薄板坯连铸连轧产线在国外未生产过含碳量超过0.30%的钢种,本集团公司开发的高碳系列中通过添加0.12-0.25%的Cr来实现薄板坯的“以热代冷”工艺,可以生产1.5mm规格的钢板(如发明专利申请CN201611258861.5《基于ESP薄板坯连铸连轧流程生产薄规格高碳钢的方法》、CN201611261690.1《 基于ESP薄板坯连铸连轧流程生产薄规格RE52Mn钢的方法》)。
虽然上述技术与45钢的碳锰含量有重合,但是将上述工艺技术生产更薄规格的1.35mm规格45钢,则会出现薄规格轧制中心线不稳定、扁卷等问题,工艺无法借鉴,无法稳定生产1.35mm规格45钢。因此,目前生产1.35mm规格45钢仍然无法实现“以热代冷”,能耗和工时消耗巨大。
研发一种可以稳定生产1.35mm规格45钢的方法有重大经济意义。
发明内容
本发明的技术任务是针对以上现有技术的不足,提供一种连铸连轧产线生产1.35mm规格45钢的方法,旨在实现“以热代冷”,节约能耗和工时。
本发明解决其技术问题的技术方案是:一种连铸连轧产线生产薄规格45钢的方法,方法步骤包括:炼钢工序、铸轧工序、缓冷工序工序;所述的铸轧工序包括连铸、粗轧、感应加热、精轧、冷却、卷取;其特征在于:所述的连铸中:连铸拉速控制≥4.8m/min;中包过热度控制12-25℃;控制铸坯断面温差在50℃以内;中间坯厚度设定为12-14mm;所述的粗轧中:粗轧出口温度控制在900-950℃;所述的感应加热中:IH感应加热炉出口温度设定1150-1170℃;所述的精轧中:精轧出口温度控制810℃以上;所述的卷取中:卷取温度控制在630-680℃,并采用大单位张力≥40Mpa卷取。
优化方案,上述炼钢工序中,钢水成分按质量百分比包括:C 0.42%-0.50%、Si0.17%-0.35%、Mn 0.5%-0.8%、S≤0.003%、P≤0.020%、N≤80ppm,其余为铁元素及不可避免的杂质。
优化方案,上述的薄规格为1.35mm到1.5mm厚度。
优化方案,上述的连铸中铸坯厚度90-110mm。
优化方案,上述的层流冷却中采用空冷。
与现有技术相比较,本发明具有以下突出的有益效果:
1、本发明方法可以利用薄规格连铸连轧产线稳定生产1.35mm规格45钢,可减少客户冷轧、退火加工等成本,节约能耗和工时,实现“以热代冷”;
2、钢水成分无Cr组成,可以有效的降低连铸及热轧生产冷却过程中的产品的强度,配合生产过程中的温度控制,改善空冷中温降过快导致的强度升高,降低生产过程中的难度,确保最终性能达到产品质量要求;
3、稳定生产1.35mm极薄规格45钢,性能与常规规格接近,客户可不经退火直接使用。
4、降低薄规格轧制中心线不稳定、扁卷、性能稳定性差等问题出现。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的心部金相组织图。
图2是本发明实施例2的心部金相组织图。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图和具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明。
本发明提供一种连铸连轧产线生产1.35mm规格45钢的方法,其钢水成分按质量百分比包括:C 0.42%-0.50%、Si 0.17%-0.35%、Mn 0.5%-0.8%、S≤0.003%、P≤0.020%、N≤80ppm,其余为铁元素及不可避免的杂质。
其中:
C:0.42%-0.50%,C有固溶强化的作用,为提高材料强度和降低延伸率的重要元素,45钢热处理方式一般为调质(淬火+回火),C元素对热处理后的强度起决定性作用,合理的成分设计可保证高碳钢的使用性能同时最大限度降低生产成本。
Si:0.17%-0.35%,具有较好的脱氧效果,在炼钢过程中加硅作为还原剂和脱氧剂,能够有效抑制碳化物的析出,并降低钢的临界冷却速度,提高淬透性,但过高则降低钢的焊接性能。
Mn:0.5%-0.8%,Mn可推迟珠光体转变,有利于贝氏体形成,但过高可使得晶粒粗化,增加回火脆性,减弱钢的抗腐蚀能力,降低焊接性能。
无Cr、Ni设计,Cr、Ni等微合金元素,可显著提高钢材的淬透性,提高产品强度,下游客户采用极薄规格45钢主要“以热代冷”用于各种工具的冲压,冲压模具对原料性能有一定要求,传统工艺一般采用合金元素+冷轧+退火来满足,本案利用极薄规格生产工艺特性,虽未添加微合金元素,可满足客户技术要求。
方法步骤包括:
1、炼钢工序
选择原材料,然后将原材料依次进行转炉和精炼炉冶炼。
2、铸轧工序
2.1 连铸:
铸坯厚度90-110mm;连铸拉速控制≥4.8m/min;中包过热度控制12-25℃;优化方案中为15-20℃;采用厚铜板结晶器,稳定结晶器热流,结晶器液面波动标准差控制≤1.5mm;
在薄板坯连铸连轧产线中,连铸与轧制直接刚性连接,无传统加热缓解作为缓冲,连铸的拉速是整条薄板坯连铸连轧生产线的速度基础,对于极薄材1.35mm中高碳45钢的生产,碳含量和合金含量(C、Si、Mn)高,热变形抗力高,轧制负荷大,板形敏感性强,生产难度大。但45钢由于凝固点温度低,液芯长度长,故拉速又受限于连铸扇形段的长度。所以在提高拉速来保证生产和质量稳定的前提下,须控制中包钢水过热度12-25℃,降低液芯长度,并采用厚铜板结晶器,稳定结晶器热流,保证结晶器液面波动标准差≤1.5mm。另低过热度的控制,也可改善铸坯组织的偏析,利于后续产品的热处理加工,提高产品的机械性能。
通过减少连铸水平段水量,控制铸坯断面温差在50℃以内;本发明之所以控制铸坯断面温差50℃以内,其原因在于:铸坯断面温差的不均匀性,会直接影响轧辊的不均匀磨损,一方面会直接造成板坯轧制时轧机两侧轧制力偏差增大导致的轧制中心线波动大,另一方面造成轧辊局部的磨损不均匀,会进一步加剧轧制中心线跑偏,导致轧制不稳定的情况。并且在带钢成品断面的控制上,有造成钢卷局部高点或起筋的质量风险。本发明主要利用高碳铸坯返温高的特点,通过减少连铸水平段水量,从而增加芯部的散热量,提高铸坯整体表面温度,从而控制铸坯断面温差在50℃以内。
中间坯厚度设定为12-14mm;本发明之所以控制中间坯厚度设定为12-14mm。主要考虑粗轧和精轧生产稳定性和表面震痕的影响。如选择更薄的中间坯,粗轧轧制负荷会大幅增加,粗轧出口中心线会出现较大的波动,粗轧的不稳定,就会同步影响精轧和卷取区域的稳定性。如选择更厚的中间坯,一方面会直接增加精轧负荷,直接影响精轧的稳定性,另一方面会导致精轧轧机振动,出现带钢表面震痕。
2.2 粗轧:
将铸坯经3道次粗轧进行轧制,粗轧出口温度控制在900-950℃;
较高的粗轧出口温度是为减小IH区域的温升,进而减少氧化铁皮的生成量,减轻45钢中的高碳含量导致CO氧化铁皮的爆皮行为,从而避免IH感应加热区域的模块电流过载故障。
2.3 感应加热炉加热:
IH感应加热炉出口温度设定1150-1170℃;
较高的IH出口和终轧温度一方面是为保证较高的终轧温度,中高碳钢始终处于奥氏体区域轧制,保证二级负荷模型计算的精度,增强轧制的稳定性。另一方面也尽可能促使精轧道次间发生动态再结晶,软化金属,利于冷轧加工。
2.4 精轧:
经5道次精轧轧制成1.35mm或1.5mm厚度热轧带钢,精轧出口温度控制810℃以上。
2.5 层流冷却:
采用空冷。
2.6 卷取:
卷取温度控制在630-680℃,并采用大单位张力≥40Mpa卷取;
根据45钢CCT动态冷却转变曲线,采用层冷空冷策略,控制较高的卷取温度630-670℃,生成的金相组织为索氏体+珠光体+铁素体,这样在性能控制上,强度能相对降低一点,延伸率升高一些,更有利于客户进一步冷轧加工。另由于卷取温度高,带钢热态屈服强度低、规格薄,钢卷自身的刚度不足以支撑自重,必须用大张力卷取,才能保证卷形正常。
3、缓冷
卷取后入缓冷库堆垛缓冷。
为了更好地比较本申请配方和现有技术,进行了对比试验。
对照组采用本集团1.5mm规格高碳钢的生产方法(CN201611258861.5);具体为:炼钢→连铸→粗轧→感应加热炉→精轧→冷却→卷取。
实施例1~4采用本发明方法;
各组钢水成分见下表:
各组铸轧工序参数控制:各组中间坯厚度为12-14mm,IH出口温度设定为1150-1170,精轧出口温度845-860℃,其他参数如下:
各组生产的45钢的力学性能见下表:
由上述结果可以看出,使用本发明的实施例1、2的心部金相组织如图1、2所示,虽然未添加Cr元素,但组织结构均为S+P+F,未出现异常组织,且力学性能相近,完全满足下游客户需求。
由上述结果可以看出,对照组采用现有1.5mm生产方法生产1.35mm规格,力学性能虽然可以有所保障,但是中心线偏差和扁卷比例明显,而使用本发明方法的生产极薄规格高碳钢中心线偏差和扁卷比例问题得到明显控制。
需要说明的是,本发明的特定实施方案已经对本发明进行了详细描述,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下对它进行的各种显而易见的改变都在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种连铸连轧产线生产薄规格45钢的方法,方法步骤包括:炼钢工序、铸轧工序、缓冷工序;所述的铸轧工序包括连铸、粗轧、感应加热、精轧、冷却、卷取;其特征在于:所述的连铸中:连铸拉速控制≥4.8m/min;采用厚铜板结晶器;中包过热度控制12-25℃;控制铸坯断面温差在50℃以内;中间坯厚度设定为12-14mm;所述的粗轧中:粗轧出口温度控制在900-950℃;所述的感应加热中:IH感应加热炉出口温度设定1150-1170℃;所述的精轧中:精轧出口温度控制810℃以上;所述的卷取中:卷取温度控制在630-680℃,并采用大单位张力≥40Mpa卷取;所述炼钢工序中,钢水成分按质量百分比包括:C 0.42%-0.50%、Si 0.17%-0.35%、Mn 0.5%-0.8%、S≤0.003%、P≤0.020%、N≤80ppm,其余为铁元素及不可避免的杂质;成分中无Cr、Ni;所述的薄规格为1.35mm厚度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的连铸连轧产线生产薄规格45钢的方法,其特征在于:所述的连铸中铸坯厚度90-110mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的连铸连轧产线生产薄规格45钢的方法,其特征在于:所述的冷却中采用空冷。
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