CN113578917B - Kitchen waste classification compression recovery device and recovery process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a kitchen waste classification compression recovery device and a recovery process, wherein the kitchen waste classification compression recovery device comprises an outer cylinder, a crushing plate and a connecting column, and a fixed cutter is arranged on the inner wall of the outer cylinder; the connecting column is fixedly arranged in the outer barrel; a plurality of crushing columns which are uniformly distributed are arranged outside the connecting column, and the crushing columns are connected with the connecting column through telescopic rods; a plurality of crushing plates are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the connecting column, are connected end to form a crushing ring, a cutting cavity is formed between the crushing ring and the outer barrel, and a crushing cavity is formed between the crushing ring and the crushing column; the crushing ring and the crushing column interact with each other to crush the food waste in the crushing cavity; the front side of the crushing plate is provided with a rotary cutter, and the rotary cutter and the fixed cutter interact with each other to shear the food waste in the cutting cavity; the feeding structure for communicating the cutting cavity and the crushing cavity is arranged between the rear side of each crushing plate and the inner side of the adjacent crushing plate at the rear side, and the hard food garbage which is not crushed in the cutting cavity enters the crushing cavity through the feeding structure.

Description

Kitchen waste classification compression recovery device and recovery process

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a kitchen waste classification compression recovery device and a recovery process.

Background

Kitchen garbage can change waste into valuables through reasonable technical treatment after retrieving, prepare leather material, product that has economic value such as fertilizer and biodiesel, but because kitchen garbage kind is more, need compress the kitchen garbage classification back and retrieve, and be convenient for compression and transportation, generally will smash kitchen garbage, and classified back is smashed respectively and is made recovery technology complicated, recovery efficiency is low, consequently, need one kind can classify the recovery unit of broken limit simultaneously, do different processing to different food garbage, be convenient for categorised recovery and compression.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a classified compression and recovery device for kitchen waste, which aims to solve the problem of low recovery efficiency of the existing recovery device.

The classified compression and recovery device for the kitchen waste adopts the following technical scheme:

a kitchen waste classification compression recovery device comprises an outer cylinder, a support column, a crushing plate, a transmission sleeve and a connecting column, wherein a plurality of fixed cutter sets are arranged on the inner wall of the outer cylinder, and each fixed cutter set consists of a plurality of fixed cutters which are arranged in parallel at intervals; the connecting column is fixedly arranged in the outer barrel, is coaxial with the outer barrel and extends in the vertical direction, a plurality of uniformly distributed crushing columns are arranged outside the connecting column, the crushing columns are connected with the connecting column through telescopic rods, and the telescopic rods enable the crushing columns to have the tendency of moving outwards along the radial direction of the connecting column; the lower end of the supporting column is fixed at the upper end of the connecting column, extends along the vertical direction and is coaxial with the connecting column; the transmission sleeve can slide up and down and is rotationally sleeved on the support column; the crushing plates are vertically arranged and evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the connecting column, the crushing plates are connected end to form a crushing ring, a cutting cavity is formed between the crushing ring and the outer barrel, and a crushing cavity is formed between the crushing ring and the crushing column; the middle part of each crushing plate is connected with the transmission sleeve through a connecting rod, so that the crushing ring synchronously rotates along with the transmission sleeve and interacts with the crushing column to crush the food waste in the crushing cavity while rotating; the rear side of each crushing plate can be horizontally and slidably arranged on the inner side of the adjacent crushing plate behind along the rotating direction of the transmission sleeve; the front side of the crushing plate is provided with a rotary cutter set, the rotary cutter set is positioned in the cutting cavity and consists of a plurality of rotary cutters which are arranged in parallel and at intervals, and the rotary cutters are inserted into the intervals of the fixed cutters when rotating along with the crushing plate and interact with the fixed cutters to shear the food waste in the cutting cavity; the feeding structure that intercommunication cutting chamber and broken chamber are provided with between the inboard of the adjacent crushing plate in rear side and rear of every crushing plate, and the feeding area of feeding structure sets to and reduces under the drive of the increase of broken ring, increases under the drive of the reduction of broken ring, and when the broken ring rotated, the food waste that the cutting intracavity was not kibbling got into broken chamber through feeding structure.

Optionally, the outer end of each fixed cutter is connected with the inner wall of the outer cylinder, each fixed cutter extends inwards and upwards from the outer end of the fixed cutter to the inner end of the fixed cutter in the radial direction of the outer cylinder, the inner end of each rotary cutter is connected with the front side of the crushing plate, each rotary cutter extends outwards and downwards from the inner end of the rotary cutter to the outer end of the rotary cutter in the extending direction of the connecting plate, and therefore the distance between the fixed cutters corresponding to the rotary cutters is gradually reduced in the process from entering the fixed cutter gap to rotating out of the fixed cutter gap.

Optionally, the crushing shell internal wall face is provided with the feed chute, and the feed chute has a plurality ofly, and the equal level extends, and from the front end of crushing shell to the middle part of crushing shell, the degree of depth of feed chute increases gradually, and the feed structure is injectd with the back lateral wall of adjacent crushing shell to the feed chute.

Optionally, a partition plate is defined between two adjacent feed chutes, at least one partition plate is provided with a horizontally extending chute, and the chute is located between the front end of the crushing plate and the middle part of the crushing plate; the rear side wall of each crushing plate is attached to the inner side partition plate of the adjacent rear crushing plate, and the mounting blocks are slidably mounted in the sliding grooves of the partition plates.

Optionally, the device for classifying, compressing and recycling kitchen waste further comprises a hard waste discharge pipe 21 and a soft waste discharge pipe 22; the bottom of the outer cylinder 15 is provided with a filter screen 16, the connecting column 141 is fixed on the upper surface of the filter screen 16, the crushing plate 13 is supported against the filter screen 16, and the food waste crushed in the cutting cavity and the crushing cavity is screened by the filter screen 16 and then discharged; the upper end part of the hard garbage discharging pipe 21 is positioned inside the soft garbage discharging pipe 22 and is positioned at the lower side of the filter screen 16, the upper end opening of the hard garbage discharging pipe 21 is communicated with the crushing cavity through the filtering holes of the filter screen 16, and the upper end opening of the soft garbage discharging pipe 22 is communicated with the cutting cavity through the filtering holes of the filter screen 16; the outlet of the hard waste discharge pipe 21 is provided with a hard waste compression device 23, and the outlet of the soft waste discharge pipe 22 is provided with a soft waste compression device 24.

Optionally, the bottom of the crushing plate is provided with a guide slope, which is located inside the crushing plate to push the food-trash at the bottom of the cutting chamber to be discharged from the strainer while rotating with the crushing plate, and to guide the food-trash in the cutting chamber to enter the crushing chamber from the feeding passage.

Optionally, the upper end of the connecting rod is hinged to the transmission sleeve in a manner of rotating around a reference axis, and the reference axis is perpendicular to the radial direction of the transmission sleeve and the axis of the transmission sleeve; the middle part of the upper side of each crushing plate is provided with a spherical hinge groove, the lower end of the connecting rod is provided with a ball head, and the ball head is rotatably arranged in the spherical hinge groove.

Optionally, the kitchen waste classifying, compressing and recycling device further comprises a motor, and a motor shaft of the motor is connected with the transmission sleeve in a vertically sliding and rotating mode so as to drive the transmission sleeve to rotate.

Optionally, the kitchen waste classification compression recovery unit still includes the top cap, and the top cap is installed in the urceolus upper end to receive food waste, be provided with the flow guide cover in the top cap, with the guide food waste entering cutting chamber.

The classified compression and recovery process of the kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) Pouring the kitchen waste into a cutting cavity;

(2) The flexible food garbage in the cutting cavity is cut and crushed under the interaction of the fixed knife and the rotary knife, and the hard food garbage which is not cut by the fixed knife and the rotary knife enters the crushing cavity along the feeding structure and is crushed under the interaction of the crushing ring and the crushing column;

(3) The cut flexible food waste is discharged from the soft waste discharge pipe through the filter screen and compressed by the soft waste compression equipment, and the broken hard food waste is discharged from the hard waste discharge pipe through the filter screen and compressed by the hard waste compression equipment.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the classified compression and recovery device for the kitchen waste, the distribution conditions of the food waste in the cutting cavity and the crushing cavity are adjusted in a self-adaptive mode according to different occupation ratios of hard food waste and flexible food waste in the food waste, so that the flexible food waste is cut by the fixed cutters and the rotary cutters in the cutting cavity as much as possible, the hard food waste is crushed by the crushing columns and the crushing plates in the crushing cavity as much as possible, different treatments of different waste are realized, the abrasion of cutters is reduced, and the crushing efficiency is improved.

The rotary cutter and the fixed cutter are all obliquely arranged, when the crushing ring rotates, the outer end of the rotary cutter interacts with the outer end of the fixed cutter firstly, and then the inner end of the rotary cutter interacts with the inner end of the fixed cutter gradually, so that the food garbage in the cutting cavity is pushed by the rotary cutter to move upwards, the accumulation of the food garbage at the bottom is reduced, and the food garbage in the cutting cavity is crushed more thoroughly.

The outer ends of the rotary cutters extend forwards along the rotating direction of the crushing ring, and the distance between each rotary cutter and the corresponding fixed cutter is gradually reduced in the process that the rotary cutters rotate out of the fixed cutter gaps from the fixed cutter gaps, so that the rotary cutters and the fixed cutters gradually clamp and then cut the flexible food waste, and the food waste is prevented from falling to influence the cutting effect; the distance between the rotary cutter and the fixed cutter is gradually reduced, so that the cutting force between the rotary cutter and the fixed cutter is gradually increased, and the abrasion of the cutter is reduced;

according to the difference of the occupation ratios of the flexible food waste and the hard food waste in the food waste, the vertical distance between the rotary cutter and the corresponding fixed cutter is changed when the rotary cutter enters the gap between the fixed cutters, and when the flexible food waste in the food waste occupies more, the vertical distance between the rotary cutter and the corresponding fixed cutter is reduced when the rotary cutter enters the gap between the fixed cutters, so that the shearing capacity of the rotary cutter and the fixed cutters is increased, and the crushing of the food waste in the cutting cavity is accelerated; when hard food waste accounts for a large amount in the food waste, the distance between the rotary cutter and the corresponding fixed cutter in the vertical direction is increased when the rotary cutter enters the gap between the fixed cutters, so that the shearing capacity of the rotary cutter and the fixed cutters is weakened, and the rotary cutter and/or the fixed cutters are prevented from being damaged by the hard food waste.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is an explosion schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the kitchen waste classification, compression and recovery device of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the whole structure of the embodiment of the kitchen waste classification, compression and recovery device of the invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic interaction diagram of a fixed knife and a rotating knife when the kitchen waste is classified, compressed and recycled according to the embodiment of the kitchen waste classification, compression and recycling device of the invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the point A in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the interaction of a fixed knife and a rotary knife when the proportion of the flexible food waste is small in the embodiment of the device for classifying, compressing and recovering the kitchen waste;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the point B in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a top view of a crushing ring in an embodiment of the device for classifying, compressing and recycling kitchen waste, wherein the proportion of flexible food waste is large;

FIG. 8 is a top view of a crushing ring in an embodiment of the device for classifying, compressing and recycling kitchen waste, wherein the proportion of flexible food waste is small;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a crushing plate in an embodiment of the device for classifying, compressing and recycling kitchen waste according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a front view of a crushing plate in an embodiment of the device for classifying, compressing and recycling kitchen waste according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the installation of a connecting column and a crushing column in the embodiment of the device for classifying, compressing and recovering kitchen waste of the invention;

in the figure: 11. a top cover; 111. a drainage cover; 12. a motor; 13. a breaker plate; 131. rotating a cutter; 132. a spherical hinge groove; 133. a feed chute; 134. a guide ramp; 135. mounting blocks; 136. a chute; 14. a support column; 141. connecting columns; 142. crushing the column; 143. a telescopic rod; 15. an outer cylinder; 151. fixing a cutter; 16. filtering with a screen; 17. a connecting rod; 18. a transmission sleeve; 21. a hard garbage discharging pipe; 22. a soft garbage discharging pipe; 23. a hard waste compaction device; 24. soft rubbish compression equipment.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the kitchen waste classifying, compressing and recycling device of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 11, comprises an outer cylinder 15, a support column 14, a crushing plate 13, a transmission sleeve 18 and a connecting column 141,

a plurality of fixed cutter sets are arranged on the inner wall of the outer barrel 15, and each fixed cutter set consists of a plurality of fixed cutters 151 which are arranged in parallel and at intervals;

the connecting column 141 is fixedly arranged in the outer barrel 15, is coaxial with the outer barrel 15 and extends in the vertical direction, a plurality of crushing columns 142 which are uniformly distributed are arranged outside the connecting column 141, the crushing columns 142 are connected with the connecting column 141 through telescopic rods 143, and the telescopic rods 143 enable the crushing columns 142 to have the tendency of moving outwards in the radial direction of the connecting column 141;

the lower end of the supporting column 14 is fixed at the upper end of the connecting column 141, extends along the vertical direction and is coaxial with the connecting column 141;

the transmission sleeve 18 can slide up and down and is rotationally sleeved on the supporting column 14;

a plurality of crushing plates 13 are vertically arranged and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the connecting column 141, the plurality of crushing plates 13 are connected end to form a crushing ring, a cutting cavity is formed between the crushing ring and the outer cylinder 15, and a crushing cavity is formed between the crushing ring and the crushing column 142; the middle part of each crushing plate 13 is connected with the transmission sleeve 18 through a connecting rod 17, so that the crushing ring synchronously rotates along with the transmission sleeve 18 and interacts with the crushing column 142 to crush the food waste in the crushing cavity while rotating; the rear side of each breaker plate 13 is mounted horizontally slidable inside the rear adjacent breaker plate 13 in the direction of rotation of the drive sleeve 18; the front side of the crushing plate 13 is provided with a rotary cutter set which is positioned in the cutting cavity and consists of a plurality of rotary cutters 131 which are arranged in parallel and at intervals, and the rotary cutters 131 are inserted into the intervals of the fixed cutters 151 when rotating along with the crushing plate 13 and interact with the fixed cutters 151 to shear the food waste in the cutting cavity; the feeding structure that intercommunication cutting chamber and broken chamber are provided with between the inboard of the adjacent broken plate 13 in rear and the rear of every broken plate 13, and the feeding area of feeding structure sets to and reduces under the drive of the increase of broken ring, increases under the drive of the reduction of broken ring, and when broken ring rotated, the not kibbling stereoplasm food rubbish of cutting intracavity got into broken chamber through feeding structure.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, when the ratio of the hard food waste to the soft food waste in the food waste is within the preset range, the telescopic rod 143 pushes the crushing column 142 to press the crushing plate 13 outwards, and the cutting resistance of the rotary cutter 131 prevents the rear half of the crushing plate 13 from moving outwards, so that the crushing plate 13 is maintained within the preset size range; when hard food waste accounts for a small amount and flexible food waste accounts for a large amount in the food waste, the cutting resistance between the fixed cutter 151 and the rotary cutter 131 is reduced, the telescopic rod 143 pushes the crushing column 142 to move outwards along the connecting column 141 in the radial direction, and then pushes the rear half part of the crushing plate 13 to move outwards, so that the crushing ring is enlarged, the feeding area of the feeding structure is reduced, the speed of the food waste entering the crushing cavity from the cutting cavity is reduced, and the food waste is cut into pieces in the cutting cavity as much as possible; when the food waste contains less flexible food waste and more hard food waste, the cutting resistance between the fixed knife 151 and the rotary knife 131 is increased, the rotary knife 131 makes the rear half part of the crushing plate 13 move inwards under the obstruction of the food waste, so that the crushing ring is reduced, the feeding area of the feeding structure is increased, the food waste is accelerated to enter the crushing cavity from the cutting cavity, the food waste is crushed in the crushing cavity as much as possible, the rear half part of the crushing plate 13 moves inwards to push the crushing column 142 to move inwards along the radial direction of the connecting column 141, and the telescopic rod 143 is further extruded; the ratio of the hard food waste to the soft food waste in the food waste is restored to the preset range, and the telescopic rod 143 pushes the crushing plate 13 through the crushing column 142 under the self-deformation action, so that the crushing ring is returned to the preset size range.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, 3, and 5, the outer end of each fixed knife 151 is connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 15, each fixed knife 151 extends inward and upward from the outer end thereof along the radial direction of the outer cylinder 15 to the inner end thereof, the inner end of each rotary knife 131 is connected to the front side of the crushing plate 13, each rotary knife 131 extends outward and downward from the inner end thereof along the extending direction of the connecting plate to the outer end thereof, so that the rotary knife 131 rotates into the gap between the fixed knives 151 and forms an angle with the fixed knife 151 in the top view direction, and when the crushing ring rotates, the outer end of the rotary knife 131 is made to interact with the outer end of the fixed knife 151, and then the inner end of the rotary knife 131 is made to interact with the inner end of the fixed knife 151 gradually, so that the food waste in the cutting cavity is pushed by the rotary knife 131 to move upward, thereby reducing the accumulation of the food waste at the bottom; and in the process that the rotary knives 131 enter the gap between the fixed knives 151 and rotate out of the gap between the fixed knives 151, the distance between each rotary knife 131 and the corresponding fixed knife 151 in the vertical direction is gradually reduced, so that the flexible food waste is gradually clamped and then sheared by the rotary knives 131 and the fixed knives 151, and the cutting force between the rotary knives 131 and the fixed knives 151 is gradually increased due to the fact that the distance between the rotary knives 131 and the fixed knives 151 is gradually reduced, and the abrasion of the knives is reduced.

When the food waste contains less hard food waste and more flexible food waste, the rear half part of the crushing plate 13 moves outwards, so that the distance between the rotary cutter 131 and the fixed cutter 151 in the radial direction of the connecting column 141 is reduced, and the distance between the rotary cutter 131 and the corresponding fixed cutter 151 in the vertical direction is reduced when the rotary cutter 131 enters the gap between the fixed cutters 151, so that the shearing capacity of the rotary cutter 131 and the fixed cutters 151 is improved, and the crushing of the food waste in the cutting cavity is accelerated; when the food waste contains less flexible food waste and more hard food waste, the rear half part of the crushing plate 13 moves inwards, so that the distance between the rotary cutter 131 and the fixed cutter 151 in the radial direction of the connecting column 141 is increased, and the distance between the rotary cutter 131 and the fixed cutter 151 in the vertical direction is increased when the rotary cutter 131 enters the gap between the fixed cutters 151, so that the shearing capacity between the rotary cutter 131 and the fixed cutter 151 is weakened, and the rotary cutter 131 and/or the fixed cutter 151 are prevented from being damaged by the hard food waste.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, 8, 9 and 10, the inner wall of the crushing plate 13 is provided with a plurality of feed grooves 133, the feed grooves 133 extend horizontally, and the depth of the feed grooves 133 gradually increases from the front end of the crushing plate 13 to the middle of the crushing plate 13, and the feed grooves 133 and the rear side wall of the adjacent crushing plate 13 define a feeding structure.

In this embodiment, a partition is defined between two adjacent feed chutes 133, at least one of the partitions is provided with a horizontally extending chute 136, and the chute 136 is located between the front end of the crushing plate 13 and the middle part of the crushing plate 13; the rear side wall of the crushing plate 13 is provided with a mounting block 135, the rear side wall of each crushing plate 13 is attached to the partition plate at the inner side of the adjacent crushing plate 13 at the rear, and the mounting block 135 is slidably mounted in the sliding groove 136 of the partition plate. The mounting block 135 increases the feeding area of the feeding structure as the breaker plate 13 moves inwardly along the chute 136, and the mounting block 135 decreases the feeding area of the feeding structure as the breaker plate 13 moves outwardly along the chute 136.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the device for classifying, compressing and recovering kitchen waste further comprises a hard waste discharge pipe 21 and a soft waste discharge pipe 22; the bottom of the outer cylinder 15 is provided with a filter screen 16, the connecting column 141 is fixed on the upper surface of the filter screen 16, the crushing plate 13 is supported against the filter screen 16, and the food waste crushed in the cutting cavity and the crushing cavity is screened by the filter screen 16 and then discharged; the upper end part of the hard garbage discharging pipe 21 is positioned inside the soft garbage discharging pipe 22 and is positioned at the lower side of the filter screen 16, the upper end opening of the hard garbage discharging pipe 21 is communicated with the crushing cavity through the filtering holes of the filter screen 16, and the upper end opening of the soft garbage discharging pipe 22 is communicated with the cutting cavity through the filtering holes of the filter screen 16; the outlet of the hard waste discharge pipe 21 is provided with a hard waste compression device 23, and the outlet of the soft waste discharge pipe 22 is provided with a soft waste compression device 24.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 9, the bottom of the crushing plate 13 is provided with a guide slope 134, and the guide slope 134 is located inside the crushing plate 13 to push the food-trash in the bottom of the cutting chamber to be discharged from the sieve 16 while rotating with the crushing plate 13 and guide the food-trash in the cutting chamber from the feeding path into the crushing chamber.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the device for classifying, compressing and recycling kitchen waste further includes a motor 12, and a motor shaft of the motor 12 is connected to the transmission sleeve 18 in a vertically slidable and rotatable manner to drive the transmission sleeve 18 to rotate. Specifically, the motor shaft of the motor 12 is splined to the driving sleeve 18.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the upper end of the connecting rod 17 is hinged to the driving sleeve 18 in a manner of rotating around a reference axis, the reference axis is perpendicular to the radial direction of the driving sleeve 18 and the axis of the driving sleeve 18; the upper middle portion of each crushing plate 13 is provided with a ball hinge groove 132, and the lower end of the connecting rod 17 is provided with a ball head rotatably mounted in the ball hinge groove 132.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a device for classifying, compressing and recycling kitchen waste further includes a top cover 11, the top cover 11 is installed on the upper end of the outer cylinder 15 to receive food waste, and a flow guide cover 111 is provided in the top cover 11 to guide the food waste into the cutting cavity.

The invention relates to a classified compression and recovery process of kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Pouring the kitchen waste into a cutting cavity;

(2) The flexible food waste in the cutting cavity is cut and crushed under the interaction of the fixed knife 151 and the rotary knife 131, and the hard food waste which is not cut by the fixed knife 151 and the rotary knife 131 enters the crushing cavity along the feeding structure and is crushed under the interaction of the crushing ring and the crushing column 142;

(3) The cut flexible food-trash is discharged from the soft-trash discharge pipe 22 through the sieve 16 and compressed by the soft-trash compression device 24, and the crushed hard food-trash is discharged from the hard-trash discharge pipe 21 through the sieve 16 and compressed by the hard-trash compression device 23.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a categorised compression recovery unit of kitchen garbage which characterized in that: the crushing device comprises an outer barrel, support columns, a crushing plate, a transmission sleeve and a connecting column, wherein a plurality of fixed cutter sets are arranged on the inner wall of the outer barrel, and each fixed cutter set consists of a plurality of fixed cutters which are arranged in parallel at intervals; the connecting column is fixedly arranged in the outer barrel, is coaxial with the outer barrel and extends in the vertical direction, a plurality of uniformly distributed crushing columns are arranged outside the connecting column, the crushing columns are connected with the connecting column through telescopic rods, and the telescopic rods enable the crushing columns to have the tendency of moving outwards along the radial direction of the connecting column; the lower end of the supporting column is fixed at the upper end of the connecting column, extends along the vertical direction and is coaxial with the connecting column; the transmission sleeve can slide up and down and is rotationally sleeved on the support column; the crushing plates are vertically arranged and evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the connecting column, the crushing plates are connected end to form a crushing ring, a cutting cavity is formed between the crushing ring and the outer barrel, and a crushing cavity is formed between the crushing ring and the crushing column; the middle part of each crushing plate is connected with the transmission sleeve through a connecting rod, so that the crushing ring synchronously rotates along with the transmission sleeve and interacts with the crushing column to crush the food waste in the crushing cavity while rotating; the rear side of each crushing plate can be horizontally and slidably arranged on the inner side of the adjacent crushing plate behind along the rotating direction of the transmission sleeve; the front side of the crushing plate is provided with a rotary cutter set, the rotary cutter set is positioned in the cutting cavity and consists of a plurality of rotary cutters which are arranged in parallel and at intervals, and the rotary cutters are inserted into the intervals of the fixed cutters when rotating along with the crushing plate and interact with the fixed cutters to shear the food waste in the cutting cavity; a feeding structure for communicating the cutting cavity and the crushing cavity is arranged between the rear side of each crushing plate and the inner side of the adjacent crushing plate behind the crushing plate, the feeding area of the feeding structure is set to be reduced under the driving of the increase of the crushing ring and increased under the driving of the reduction of the crushing ring, and when the crushing ring rotates, hard food garbage which is not crushed in the cutting cavity enters the crushing cavity through the feeding structure; the inner wall surface of each crushing plate is provided with a plurality of feeding grooves which extend horizontally, the depth of each feeding groove is gradually increased from the front end of each crushing plate to the middle of each crushing plate, a feeding structure is defined by the feeding grooves and the rear side wall of each adjacent crushing plate, a partition plate is defined between every two adjacent feeding grooves, at least one partition plate is provided with a horizontally extending sliding groove, and each sliding groove is positioned between the front end of each crushing plate and the middle of each crushing plate; the rear side wall of each crushing plate is attached to a partition plate on the inner side of the adjacent rear crushing plate, the mounting blocks can be slidably mounted in sliding grooves of the partition plates, when the mounting blocks move inwards along the sliding grooves along with the crushing plates, the feeding area of the feeding structure is increased, when the mounting blocks move outwards along the sliding grooves along with the crushing plates, the feeding area of the feeding structure is reduced, when the proportion of hard food garbage and flexible food garbage in the food garbage is within a preset range, the telescopic rods push the crushing columns to extrude the crushing plates outwards, the cutting resistance of the rotary cutters blocks the rear half parts of the crushing plates to move outwards, the crushing plates are further maintained within a preset size range, when the proportion of the hard food garbage in the food garbage is low, the proportion of the flexible food garbage is high, the cutting resistance between the fixed cutters and the rotary cutters is reduced, the telescopic rods push the crushing columns to move outwards along the radial direction of the connecting columns, and further push the garbage parts of the rear half parts of the crushing plates to move outwards, so that the crushing rings are increased, the feeding area of the feeding structures is reduced, the speed of the food entering the crushing cavity from the cutting cavity is reduced, and the food is further, and the food is cut in the cutting cavity; flexible food rubbish accounts for less in the food waste, and hard food waste accounts for more, and the cutting resistance increase between stationary knife and the rotary cutter, the rotary cutter makes the latter half of crushing plate inwards remove under food waste's hindrance, makes broken ring reduce, and the feeding area of feeding structure increases for food waste gets into broken chamber from cutting the chamber, makes food waste smashed at broken chamber.

2. The classified compression and recovery device for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer end of each fixed cutter is connected with the inner wall of the outer cylinder, each fixed cutter extends inwards and upwards to the inner end of the outer cylinder from the outer end of the fixed cutter along the radial direction of the outer cylinder, the inner end of each rotary cutter is connected with the front side of the crushing plate, each rotary cutter extends outwards and downwards to the outer end of the rotary cutter from the inner end of the rotary cutter along the extending direction of the connecting plate, and therefore the distance between the fixed cutters corresponding to the rotary cutters is gradually reduced in the process that the rotary cutters enter the fixed cutter gap and rotate out of the fixed cutter gap.

3. The classified compression and recovery device for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the garbage discharging device also comprises a hard garbage discharging pipe and a soft garbage discharging pipe; the bottom of the outer barrel is provided with a filter screen, the connecting column is fixed on the upper surface of the filter screen, the crushing plate is supported against the filter screen, and the food waste crushed in the cutting cavity and the crushing cavity is discharged after being screened by the filter screen; the upper end part of the hard garbage discharging pipe is positioned in the soft garbage discharging pipe and is positioned on the lower side of the filter screen, the upper end opening of the hard garbage discharging pipe is communicated with the crushing cavity through the filtering holes of the filter screen, and the upper end opening of the soft garbage discharging pipe is communicated with the cutting cavity through the filtering holes of the filter screen; hard garbage compression equipment is arranged at the outlet of the hard garbage discharging pipe, and soft garbage compression equipment is arranged at the outlet of the soft garbage discharging pipe.

4. The classified compression and recovery device for kitchen waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: the crushing plate bottom is provided with the guide inclined plane, and the guide inclined plane is located the inboard of crushing plate to promote the food waste of cutting chamber bottom to discharge from the filter screen when rotating along with the crushing plate, and guide the food waste of cutting intracavity to get into broken chamber from feedstock channel.

5. The classified compression and recovery device for kitchen waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: the upper end of the connecting rod is hinged to the transmission sleeve in a rotating mode around a reference axis, and the reference axis is perpendicular to the radial direction of the transmission sleeve and the axis of the transmission sleeve; the middle part of the upper side of each crushing plate is provided with a spherical hinge groove, the lower end of the connecting rod is provided with a ball head, and the ball head is rotatably arranged in the spherical hinge groove.

6. The classified compression and recovery device for kitchen waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: the motor shaft of the motor can slide up and down and is rotationally connected with the transmission sleeve to drive the transmission sleeve to rotate.

7. The classified compression and recovery device for kitchen waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: the top cover is arranged at the upper end of the outer barrel to receive the food waste, and a drainage cover is arranged in the top cover to guide the food waste to enter the cutting cavity.

8. A classified compression and recovery process for kitchen waste, which utilizes the classified compression and recovery device for kitchen waste of any one of claims 3 to 7, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Pouring the kitchen waste into a cutting cavity;

(2) The flexible food garbage in the cutting cavity is cut and crushed under the interaction of the fixed knife and the rotary knife, and the hard food garbage which is not cut by the fixed knife and the rotary knife enters the crushing cavity along the feeding structure and is crushed under the interaction of the crushing ring and the crushing column;

(3) The cut flexible food waste is discharged from the soft waste discharge pipe through the filter screen and compressed by the soft waste compression equipment, and the broken hard food waste is discharged from the hard waste discharge pipe through the filter screen and compressed by the hard waste compression equipment.

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