CN113575619B - 一种防治板栗疫病的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于林业疾病防治技术领域，具体是涉及到一种防治板栗疫病的方法，包括如下步骤，配置如下重量原料组分，山苍子提取物1‑3％，柠檬醛4‑8％，乙醇10‑15％，余量为水；然后将其喷洒到板栗树的树叶和树干上，所述山苍子提取物的制备方法为，将山苍子研磨成粉，和水混合，调节pH至4‑6，然后在微波下加热，得到加热液，将加热液和乙醇混合，加热至80‑90℃，回流提取，得到山苍子提取物；本申请原料简单，成本低廉，防治效果好，既可以有效防治，又可以在发生疫病后有效灭杀。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于林业疾病防治技术领域，具体是涉及到一种防治板栗疫病的方法。
背景技术
板栗疫病是一种侵染板栗树的病原菌导致的疾病，引起板栗疫病的病原菌多为板栗疫病菌，其为一种单倍体丝状真菌，这种病菌繁殖速度快，侵染能力强，传播速度快，一旦发生就会很快蔓延到整片板栗树林，由于湖南山地多，适于板栗树的生长，在湖南具有较多的板栗林，其一般为整片板栗树林，一旦发生疫病，损失较大。
为了防止板栗疫病，有些采用喷洒良性菌的方式，达到良好的微生物环境，排斥病原菌的生长环境，比如蜡样芽胞杆菌，黄色篮状菌，多粘类芽孢杆菌等，这种方式需要培养和保持病菌，较为麻烦和繁琐，且难以有效的评估防治效果。
有些不仅仅从生物防止的角度，而且从整体全过程的方式提供防治，比如专利CN201710944181.7公开了一种板栗病虫害的防治方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)施肥管理：在板栗树苗生长期间，在板栗树苗底部圆周10～20cm处，以1mL/min的速度滴灌抗虫病液体肥和水的水肥混合物，板栗树花开期间每天的施用量为100～200g/株，板栗树结果期间每天的施用量为150～250g/株；
(2)病虫害防治管理：12月下旬修剪清除有虫瘿的枝条，保留枝条基部着生休棉芽的部分外，其余全部剪除，然后在伤口部位喷涂修复液，接着用草绳包覆伤口60天；6月下旬，按800～1500g/min对板栗树喷洒生物杀虫液；
(3)混合种植管理：在板栗树下按照4：1的比例混合种植柠檬和茉莉，其中柠檬的种植规格为4m×3m，茉莉的种植规格为2m×1.5m；在春季至秋季时节，在板栗树周围按3只/m2的密度散养黑卵蜂。
其同时还配备抗虫病液体肥，配方为：按重量份数计，将15～32份红豆杉、25～40份松针、5～10份鱼粉、8～13份贝壳粉、10～18份茶叶、1～5份夹竹桃、25～50份腐熟羊粪和10～25份葡萄酒酒糟进行混合处理后，放入发酵罐，在25～35℃下密封发酵2～4天，然后放入高压反应釜中，通入二氧化碳气体，在温度为31℃、压力为72～75atm的条件下反应45～60min，将料液过滤，所得滤液即为抗虫病液体肥。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种防治板栗疫病的方法，原料简单，成本低廉，防治效果好，既可以有效防治，又可以在发生疫病后有效灭杀。
本发明的内容包括一种防治板栗疫病的方法，包括如下步骤，
配置如下重量原料组分，山苍子提取物1-3％，柠檬醛4-8％，乙醇10-15％，余量为水；然后将其喷洒到板栗树的树叶和树干上，所述山苍子提取物的制备方法为，将山苍子研磨成粉，和水混合，调节pH至4-6，然后在微波下加热，得到加热液，将加热液和乙醇混合，加热至80-90℃，回流提取，得到山苍子提取物。
配置如下重量原料组分，山苍子提取物2％，柠檬醛5％，乙醇15％，余量为水。
山苍子研磨成粉的粒径为100-200目。
所述山苍子提取物的制备方法中，山苍子粉和水的重量比为1:5-10。
调节pH的物质为硫酸。
加热液和乙醇的重量比为1:3-5。
本发明的有益效果是，本发明利用山苍子提取物1、柠檬醛和乙醇作为防止有效成分，有效的灭杀办理病原菌，针对不同的板栗头抗病试验结果显示，其可以有效的杀灭病原菌。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种防治板栗疫病的方法，包括如下步骤，
配置如下重量原料组分，山苍子提取物2％，柠檬醛5％，乙醇15％，余量为水；然后将其喷洒到板栗树的树叶和树干上，所述山苍子提取物的制备方法为，将山苍子研磨成粉，粒径为过150目晒，和水混合，山苍子粉和水的重量比为1：10，用硫酸调节pH至6，然后在微波(微波功率为915MHz)下进行加热，加热时间为5min，得到加热液，将加热液和乙醇混合，加热液和乙醇的重量比为1:4，加热至80℃，回流提取，得到山苍子提取物。
实施例2
一种防治板栗疫病的方法，包括如下步骤，
配置如下重量原料组分，山苍子提取物3％，柠檬醛8％，乙醇10％，余量为水；然后将其喷洒到板栗树的树叶和树干上，所述山苍子提取物的制备方法为，将山苍子研磨成粉，粒径为过100目晒，和水混合，山苍子粉和水的重量比为1：5，用硫酸调节pH至6，然后在微波(微波功率为915MHz)下进行加热，加热时间为5min，得到加热液，将加热液和乙醇混合，加热液和乙醇的重量比为1:5，加热至80℃，回流提取，得到山苍子提取物。
对比例1
配置如下重量原料组分，柠檬醛7％，乙醇15％，余量为水，然后将其喷洒到板栗树的树叶和树干上。
实验例1
选取无病害症状，树体健壮、粗细均匀的铁栗头板栗枝条，杀菌消毒后晾干，用5mm的打孔器在每个枝干的正中央打孔至木质部，将疫病菌菌丝块接种于孔内，琼脂作空白对照，每日每孔滴加2滴实施例1或对比例1的药物，无处理组为不滴加任何药液，空白对照组为不接种任何疫病病原菌菌丝，统一放置在90mm的培养皿中，28℃恒温培养，每日观察并记录枝条的发病率以及病斑的横向、纵向长度，计算病斑面积，根据接种后第20d天的数据计算‘铁栗头’的发病率和病斑面积，每个处理5个孔，3个重复，得到如表1所示的数据。
表1不同处理组的发病率和病斑数值
| 标准 | 发病率％ | 病斑面积cm<sup>2</sup> |
| 无处理组 | 80 | >24 |
| 空白对照组 | 0 | 0％ |
| 实施例1 | 20 | 6.2 |
| 对比例1 | 47 | 12.8 |
通过表1的数据可以看出，本申请的药液可以有效的灭杀病原菌。
所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：以上任何实施例的讨论仅为示例性的，并非旨在暗示本公开的范围(包括权利要求)被限于这些例子；在本公开的思路下，以上实施例或者不同实施例中的技术特征之间也可以进行组合，步骤可以以任意顺序实现，并存在如上所述的本申请中一个或多个实施例的不同方面的许多其它变化，为了简明它们没有在细节中提供。
本申请中一个或多个实施例旨在涵盖落入所附权利要求的宽泛范围之内的所有这样的替换、修改和变型。因此，凡在本申请中一个或多个实施例的精神和原则之内，所做的任何省略、修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种防治板栗疫病的方法，其特征是，包括如下步骤，
配置如下重量原料组分，山苍子提取物1-3％，柠檬醛4-8％，乙醇10-15％，余量为水；然后将其喷洒到板栗树的树叶和树干上，所述山苍子提取物的制备方法为，将山苍子研磨成粉，和水混合，调节pH至4-6，然后在微波下加热，得到加热液，将加热液和乙醇混合，加热至80-90℃，回流提取，得到山苍子提取物。
2.如权利要求1所述的防治板栗疫病的方法，其特征是，配置如下重量原料组分，山苍子提取物2％，柠檬醛5％，乙醇15％，余量为水。
3.如权利要求1所述的防治板栗疫病的方法，其特征是，山苍子研磨成粉的粒径为100-200目。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的防治板栗疫病的方法，其特征是，所述山苍子提取物的制备方法中，山苍子粉和水的重量比为1:5-10。
5.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的防治板栗疫病的方法，其特征是，调节pH的物质为硫酸。
6.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的防治板栗疫病的方法，其特征是，加热液和乙醇的重量比为1:3-5。
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| CN1788557A (zh) * | 2005-12-17 | 2006-06-21 | 秦美云 | 蚕药防僵灵二号在防治板栗疫病中的应用 |
| WO2014086850A1 (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-12 | Basf Agro B.V., Arnhem (Nl) | Compositions comprising a quillay extract and a fungicidal inhibitor of respiratory complex ii |
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| CN1788557A (zh) * | 2005-12-17 | 2006-06-21 | 秦美云 | 蚕药防僵灵二号在防治板栗疫病中的应用 |
| WO2014086850A1 (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-12 | Basf Agro B.V., Arnhem (Nl) | Compositions comprising a quillay extract and a fungicidal inhibitor of respiratory complex ii |
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| In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils against Saprolegnia parasitica;Nardoni, Simona et al.;《MOLECULES》;20191231;第24卷(第7期);第1-8页 * |
| 山苍子油及柠檬醛提取分离与生物活性研究进展;周玉慧等;《生物灾害科学》;20131231;第36卷(第2期);第148-153页 * |
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