CN113575243B - Liquid fruit bagging material, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Liquid fruit bagging material, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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- A01M29/00—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus
- A01M29/12—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using odoriferous substances, e.g. aromas, pheromones or chemical agents
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- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
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- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid fruit bagging material which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 to 10 portions of film forming matrix material, 1 to 5 portions of film forming additive, 1 to 10 portions of spreader, 0.5 to 5 portions of emulsifier, 0.1 to 3 portions of natural antibacterial agent, 0.1 to 3 portions of natural insect repellant, 0.2 to 5 portions of porous microsphere carrier material and 0.1 to 3 portions of pore-forming agent. The invention adopts natural nontoxic high molecular material as the main film forming material of the liquid fruit cap bag, and adds high-efficiency film forming auxiliary agent, spreader and emulsifier, which can effectively improve the adhesiveness, film forming property and mechanical property of the film of the liquid cap bag; meanwhile, the natural antibacterial agent and the natural insect repellent are loaded on the porous microsphere carrier, and are compounded with the high-molecular film forming base material and the pore-forming agent to prepare the liquid bagging material, so that the green, efficient and lasting antibacterial and insect-preventing effects are realized, and the quality of fruits and the rate of high-quality fruits can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit bagging materials, and particularly relates to a liquid fruit bagging and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The fruit bagging is an important matching measure for the development of fruit industry in China, is an important technology for fruit planting, and is an important measure for reducing pesticide residues and improving the appearance quality of fruits. For example, the mango bagging can be improved by 0.5-1 yuan per kilogram, and the shelf life can be prolonged by 5-7 days. Calculated by the yield of 2000 kilograms per mu, the yield and the output value of the bagged mangoes are obviously improved by 22 to 30 percent compared with the yield and the output value of the bagged mangoes without bags. The improvement of appearance quality and the reduction of pesticide residue are important conditions for domestic fruits to enter international markets, and particularly under the condition that domestic fruits are relatively surplus and foreign high-quality fruits continuously enter China, the use of fruit bags is particularly important.
At present, the raw materials for producing the fruit cap bag in China mainly comprise plastics, paper or non-woven fabrics and the like. The sleeve bag has high production cost and single function, the material is difficult to degrade, a large amount of paper or plastic sleeve bags are difficult to recycle and dispose, are abandoned everywhere and are piled up like a mountain or burnt in place, thus causing serious pollution to rural and farmland environments. The pollution of the traditional bagging material to the ecological environment and the continuous rising of the labor cost of bagging greatly restrict the development of the high-end fruit industry in China. Besides polluting the ecological environment, the high labor cost of bagging also becomes a big problem restricting the development of the bagging industry. Taking mango bagging as an example, according to the average management level, about 17000-18000 mangoes are produced in one mu of land, the bagging needs about 0.125 yuan per unit, the bag picking needs about 0.05 yuan per unit, the average bagging needs about 0.18 yuan per unit of picked set, and the cost of buying, bagging and unpacking bags in one mu of land reaches more than 2000 yuan. At the present stage, rural labor force is obviously insufficient, and the labor force is difficult to use when the labor force is insufficient. Therefore, the spraying type liquid fruit bagging becomes a research hotspot at home and abroad. Liquid bags such as high-fat films and other similar products appearing in domestic markets in recent years generally have the defects of poor film mechanical property and adhesion property, single function and the like, only play a role in isolation and protection, have no functions of bacteriostasis and desinsectization, and are easily washed away by rainwater in areas with frequent rainfall. At present, environment-friendly green multifunctional liquid fruit bags become a hot point for research and development at home and abroad.
The liquid fruit bag is a macromolecular composite solution formed by compounding natural macromolecular materials and film-forming additives, and can be sprayed on the surface of fruit after being diluted by water to form a film layer invisible to naked eyes, thereby playing the roles of preventing insects and blocking pollution similar to fruit bags. Chinese patent with application number CN201410349660.0 discloses a fruit and vegetable spray coating agent and a method for bagging fruits and vegetables by using the spray coating agent. According to the invention, the organic silicon emulsion, the reinforcing filler, the cross-linking agent and the catalyst are compounded, the fruit and vegetable spraying agent is sprayed on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables in an atomization coating mode, and a layer of film is formed after drying, but substances such as the reinforcing filler, the cross-linking agent and the catalyst have strong toxicity. Chinese patent with application number CN201610539095.3 discloses a spray film forming type fruit and vegetable or crop bagging composite material and preparation and application thereof. The film-forming substance, the dispersing agent, the drug-loading enhancing material, the insect-resistant and disease-resistant agent and the dye are compounded and sprayed on the surfaces of fruits, vegetables or crops, and the film-forming substance can be adhered to the surfaces of the fruits, the vegetables or the crops to form a film after being dried in the air. Chinese patent with application number CN202010735915.2 discloses a slow-release type micro-nano capsule slow-release chitosan-based micro-nano capsule fruit and vegetable liquid bagging composite material. The fruit and vegetable liquid bagging composite material is prepared by compounding a film forming substance, a dispersing agent, an antibacterial plant essential oil-chitosan-based micro-nano capsule, a plasticizer, nano reinforcing particles and a binder. Although the liquid bagging material is obtained by the above patents in a compound and mutual matching mode, the bagging material has the problems of complex preparation process, toxic residue of used substances and high preparation cost, so that the popularization and the application of the bagging material are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a liquid fruit bagging material, a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve at least one of the technical problems.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
according to one aspect of the invention, the liquid fruit bagging material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 to 10 portions of film forming matrix material, 1 to 5 portions of film forming additive, 1 to 10 portions of spreader, 0.5 to 5 portions of emulsifier, 0.1 to 3 portions of natural antibacterial agent, 0.1 to 3 portions of natural insect repellant, 0.2 to 5 portions of porous microsphere carrier material and 0.1 to 3 portions of pore-foaming agent.
In some embodiments, the film-forming base material may be selected from one or more of gelatin, gum arabic, gellan gum, thiolated chitosan, quaternary phosphonium salt chitosan.
In some embodiments, the coalescing agent may be selected from at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol.
In some embodiments, the spreader may be selected from at least one of lignosulfonate, calcium caseinate, silicone emulsion.
In some embodiments, the emulsifier may be selected from at least one of sorbitan fatty acid esters, alkylphenol ethoxylates, polyethers, and alkylbenzene sulfonic acids.
In some embodiments, the natural antimicrobial may be selected from at least one of garlic extract, mugwort extract, ginger extract, patchouli extract, peppermint extract, melaleuca alternifolia extract.
In some embodiments, the natural insect repellent may be selected from at least one of marigold extract, lavender extract, rosemary extract, and geranium extract.
In some embodiments, the porous microsphere carrier material may be selected from at least one of a porous silica microsphere carrier material, a porous gelatin microsphere carrier material, a porous calcium alginate microsphere carrier material. The surfaces of the porous silica microsphere carrier material, the porous gelatin microsphere carrier material and the porous calcium alginate microsphere carrier material are all provided with micro pore structures, so that micromolecular natural antibacterial agents and natural insect repellents can be adsorbed inside the microspheres, the stability of the microspheres is improved, and the efficacy of the microspheres is prolonged.
In some embodiments, the porogen may be selected from at least one of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and calcium bicarbonate.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the above liquid fruit bagging material, comprising the steps of:
dissolving a film-forming base material in water to prepare a high-molecular solution with the concentration of 0.1-2.0%;
adding a natural antibacterial agent, a natural insect repellent and a porous microsphere carrier material into an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 5-25%, and mixing to load the natural antibacterial agent and the natural insect repellent on the porous microsphere carrier material to prepare a porous microsphere suspension;
adding a film-forming auxiliary agent, an emulsifying agent, a spreader and a pore-foaming agent into water, and stirring at 5000-10000 rpm for emulsification and dispersion to obtain a mixed emulsion;
mixing the polymer solution, the porous microsphere suspension and the mixed emulsion, and stirring at 5000-10000 rpm for emulsification and dispersion to obtain the liquid fruit bagging material.
In some embodiments, the concentration of the porous microsphere support material in the porous microsphere suspension may be in the range of 0.001 to 0.1g/mL.
In some embodiments, the concentration of the emulsifier in the mixed emulsion may be 0.001 to 0.1g/mL.
The liquid fruit bagging material can realize high-efficiency and lasting antibacterial and disease-preventing and insect-expelling and insect-preventing effects, and can obviously improve the quality and the excellent fruit rate of fruits, so that the liquid fruit bagging material can be directly applied to insect-preventing and disease-preventing protection of the fruits and/or improvement of the quality and the excellent fruit rate of the fruits, and can also be applied to preparation of products for improving the quality of the fruits and/or improving the insect-preventing and disease-preventing protection effects of the fruits.
When the liquid fruit bagging material is directly applied, the liquid fruit bagging material is diluted by 600-1000 times with water, sprayed on the surface of a fruit and naturally dried.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention adopts natural nontoxic macromolecule film forming base material as main raw material of liquid fruit cap bag, which is cooperated with high-efficiency film forming auxiliary agent, spreader, emulsifier, pore-forming agent, etc., to effectively improve the adhesiveness, film forming property and mechanical property of the liquid cap bag, so that the cap bag solution can be uniformly spread on the fruit surface to form film, and is not easy to drop.
(2) The natural antibacterial agent and the natural insect repellent are combined with the porous microsphere adsorption technology, the natural antibacterial agent and the natural insect repellent are loaded on a porous microsphere carrier, and then the porous microsphere carrier is compounded with materials such as a high-molecular film forming base material to prepare the bagging material, and the antibacterial and disease-preventing effect and the durability of the insect-expelling and preventing effect of the bagging material are improved through the stable and long-acting loading effect of the porous microspheres, so that the green, high-efficiency and long-acting antibacterial and disease-preventing and insect-expelling and preventing effects are realized, and the quality of fruits and the high-quality fruit yield are obviously improved.
(3) The invention combines the pore-forming agent pore-forming film-forming technology, so that the liquid bagging material can form a microporous structure on the film after air drying and film forming on the surface of the fruit, the air permeability and the moisture permeability of the film are improved, the formed natural polymer film with the microporous structure has better ductility and flexibility, the fruit growth process, the fruit photosynthesis and respiration and the normal growth, development and metabolism of the fruit are not influenced, the nutrient content and the flavor of the fruit are not influenced, and the fruit quality and the high-quality fruit yield can be effectively improved.
(4) According to the invention, the emulsifier is added, so that all the components can be uniformly and stably dispersed in a solution system; the adhesive effect of the solution system can be improved by the spreader; the synergy between the two materials can ensure that the film-forming base material, the porous microsphere carrier and the film-forming auxiliary agent are more uniformly dispersed and adhered on the surface of the fruit, and the film can be air-dried to form a film in a short time, and the thickness of the formed film is uniform.
(5) The liquid fruit bagging material provided by the invention is simple in preparation method and easy to plan production, and meanwhile, the adopted raw materials are non-toxic and safe materials, so that the liquid fruit bagging material is harmless to animals, plants, human bodies and the environment, and is a green and safe multifunctional fruit bagging material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of different porous microsphere carriers, wherein (A) is a porous silica microsphere carrier; (B) is a porous gelatin microsphere carrier; (C) is a porous calcium alginate microsphere carrier;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the liquid fruit bagging material prepared in example 1 after film formation;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of the liquid fruit bagging material prepared in example 1 on mango planting; wherein, (A) is a mango growth situation diagram after the liquid fruit bagging material is used; (B) blank control without bagging;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of the liquid fruit bagging material prepared in example 1 on dragon fruit planting; wherein, (A) is a growth condition diagram of the dragon fruits after the liquid fruit bagging material is used; (B) is a blank control without a cap bag;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the liquid fruit bagging material prepared in example 1 on citrus planting; wherein, (A) is a picture of the growth condition of the citrus after the multifunctional liquid fruit bagging material is used; and (B) is a blank control without using a bagging.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. The materials referred to in the examples below are commercially available except where otherwise noted. For process parameters not specifically noted, reference may be made to conventional techniques.
Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
The "parts" in the present invention are in parts by mass unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of liquid fruit bagging Material
The method comprises the following steps: dissolving 0.5g of film-forming matrix material gelatin in 499.5g of deionized water, and uniformly stirring at 300rpm at normal temperature and normal pressure to prepare a high polymer solution with the concentration of 0.1%;
step two: mixing 0.1g of natural antibacterial agent garlic extract, 0.1g of natural insect repellent marigold extract and 0.2g of porous silica microsphere carrier material in 100mL of ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 5%, and continuously stirring for 24 hours at the normal temperature and the normal pressure under the condition of 300rpm to ensure that the natural antibacterial agent and the natural insect repellent are fully adsorbed on the porous silica microsphere carrier material to prepare a porous microsphere suspension;
step three: dispersing 1g of film-forming auxiliary agent polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5g of emulsifier sorbitan fatty acid ester, 1g of spreading agent lignosulfonate and 0.1g of pore-forming agent sodium bicarbonate in 100mL of deionized water, and shearing, stirring, emulsifying and dispersing at high speed under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure and 5000rpm to obtain mixed emulsion;
step four: and (3) mixing the polymer solution obtained in the step one, the porous microsphere suspension obtained in the step two and the mixed emulsion obtained in the step three, and shearing, stirring, emulsifying and dispersing at high speed under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure and 5000rpm to obtain the liquid fruit bagging material.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a film layer formed by spraying a 600-fold diluted liquid fruit bagging material onto a smooth glass surface dish and air-drying the liquid fruit bagging material; as can be seen from FIG. 2, after the liquid bagging material provided by the invention is air-dried into a film, a tiny hole structure can be formed on the film, and the structure is beneficial to the growth and respiration of fruits and has the effect of not influencing the normal growth and development of the fruits.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of liquid fruit bagging Material
The method comprises the following steps: dissolving 10g of Arabic gum film-forming matrix material in 490g of deionized water, and uniformly stirring at normal temperature and normal pressure under the condition of 400rpm to prepare a high-molecular solution with the concentration of 2.0%;
step two: mixing 3g of a natural antibacterial agent ginger extract, 3g of a natural insect repellent lavender extract and 5g of a porous gelatin microsphere carrier material in 100mL of an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 25%, and continuously stirring for 24 hours at normal temperature and normal pressure under the condition of 400rpm to enable the natural antibacterial agent and the natural insect repellent to be fully adsorbed on the porous gelatin microsphere carrier material to prepare a porous microsphere suspension;
step three: dispersing 5g of film-forming auxiliary agent polyethylene glycol, 5g of emulsifier alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 10g of spreading agent calcium caseinate and 3g of pore-forming agent potassium bicarbonate in 100mL of deionized water, and shearing, stirring, emulsifying and dispersing at high speed under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure and 10000rpm to obtain mixed emulsion;
step four: and (3) mixing the polymer solution obtained in the step (I), the porous microsphere suspension obtained in the step (II) and the mixed emulsion obtained in the step (III), and shearing, stirring, emulsifying and dispersing at high speed under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure and 10000rpm to obtain the liquid fruit bagging material.
EXAMPLE 3 preparation of liquid fruit bagging Material
The method comprises the following steps: dissolving a composite film-forming base material consisting of 5g of gellan gum, 5g of thiolated chitosan and 5g of quaternary phosphate chitosan in 1485g of deionized water, and uniformly stirring at normal temperature and normal pressure under the condition of 400rpm to prepare a macromolecular solution with the concentration of the film-forming base material being 1.0%;
step two: mixing 1g of natural antibacterial agent patchouli extract, 1g of mint extract, 1g of natural insect repellent rosemary extract, 1g of geranium extract, 2g of porous silicon dioxide microsphere carrier material and 2g of porous calcium alginate microsphere carrier material in 100mL of ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 10%, and continuously stirring for 24 hours at normal temperature and normal pressure under the condition of 400rpm to fully adsorb the natural antibacterial agent and the natural insect repellent on the porous microsphere carrier material to prepare a porous microsphere suspension;
step three: dispersing a film-forming auxiliary agent consisting of 2g of polyvinyl alcohol and 2g of polypropylene glycol, an emulsifier consisting of 1g of sorbitan fatty acid ester and 1g of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, a spreader consisting of 2g of lignosulfonate and 2g of organosilicon emulsion and 2g of pore-forming agent calcium bicarbonate in 100mL of water, and shearing, stirring, emulsifying and dispersing at high speed under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure and 10000rpm to obtain a mixed emulsion;
step four: and (3) mixing the polymer solution obtained in the step one, the porous microsphere suspension obtained in the step two and the mixed emulsion obtained in the step three, and shearing, stirring, emulsifying and dispersing at high speed under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure and 10000rpm to obtain the liquid fruit bagging material.
Example 4 preparation of liquid fruit bagging Material
The method comprises the following steps: dissolving a composite film-forming base material consisting of 7.5g of Arabic gum and 7.5g of gellan gum in 985g of deionized water, and uniformly stirring at 300rpm under normal temperature and normal pressure to prepare a macromolecular solution with the concentration of the film-forming base material being 1.5%;
step two: mixing 2g of a natural antibacterial agent mint extract, 2g of a natural insect repellent rosemary extract, 3g of a porous gelatin microsphere carrier material and 3g of a porous calcium alginate microsphere carrier material in 100mL of an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 10%, and continuously stirring for 24 hours at normal temperature and normal pressure under the condition of 400rpm to enable the natural antibacterial agent and the natural insect repellent to be fully adsorbed on the porous microsphere carrier material to prepare a porous microsphere suspension;
step three: dispersing a film-forming auxiliary agent consisting of 2g of polyvinyl alcohol and 2g of polyethylene glycol, an emulsifier consisting of 2g of sorbitan fatty acid ester and 2g of polyether, 5g of a spreader organosilicon emulsion and 2g of a pore-foaming agent sodium bicarbonate into 100mL of deionized water, and shearing, stirring, emulsifying and dispersing at high speed under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure and 10000rpm to obtain a mixed emulsion;
step four: and (3) mixing the polymer solution obtained in the step one, the porous microsphere suspension obtained in the step two and the mixed emulsion obtained in the step three, and shearing, stirring, emulsifying and dispersing at high speed under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure and 10000rpm to obtain the liquid fruit bagging material.
Comparative example 1
In contrast to example 1, the components of the liquid fruit bagging material of comparative example 1 did not contain emulsifiers and spreaders, otherwise the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
In contrast to example 1, the composition of the liquid fruit bagging material of comparative example 2 contained no emulsifier, otherwise the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
Compared with example 1, the composition of the liquid fruit bagging material of comparative example 3 does not contain a spreader, and the others are the same as example 1.
Comparative example 4
Compared with example 1, the liquid fruit bagging material of comparative example 4 has the same composition as example 1 except that the pore-forming agent is not contained.
Test example I and evaluation of application Effect
The liquid fruit bagging materials prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative samples of the liquid fruit bagging materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 4 were subjected to mango, dragon fruit and citrus planting tests, and 9 sets of tests were set, wherein each set of the specific treatment methods were as follows:
a first group: blank control group, no treatment;
second group: diluting the liquid fruit bagging material obtained in the example 1 by 600 times, and spraying the diluted liquid fruit bagging material on the surfaces of mango, dragon fruit and citrus fruit;
third group: diluting the liquid fruit bagging material obtained in the embodiment 2 by 700 times, and spraying the diluted liquid fruit bagging material on the surfaces of mango, dragon fruit and citrus fruit;
and a fourth group: diluting the liquid fruit bagging material obtained in example 3 by 800 times, and spraying the diluted liquid fruit bagging material on the surfaces of mango, dragon fruit and citrus fruit;
and a fifth group: diluting the liquid fruit bagging material obtained in example 4 by 1000 times, and spraying the diluted liquid fruit bagging material on the surfaces of mango, dragon fruit and citrus fruit;
a sixth group: diluting the comparative sample obtained in the comparative example 1 by 600 times, and spraying the comparative sample on the surfaces of mango, dragon fruit and orange fruits;
a seventh group: diluting the comparative sample obtained in the comparative example 2 by 600 times, and spraying the comparative sample on the surfaces of mango, dragon fruit and citrus fruit;
and an eighth group: diluting the comparative sample obtained in the comparative example 3 by 600 times, and spraying the comparative sample on the surfaces of mango, dragon fruit and citrus fruit;
ninth group: the comparative sample obtained in comparative example 4 was diluted 600 times and sprayed on the surfaces of mango, dragon fruit and citrus fruit.
The liquid is sprayed every 10 days, the growth conditions of the mango, dragon fruit and orange in each group are observed, and the results are shown in tables 1-3 in sequence. Wherein:
the fruit tree morbidity calculation method comprises the following steps: selecting 100 fruit trees in each group for experiment, spraying corresponding liquid fruit bagging materials, observing and counting the number of the fruit trees with diseases after 20 days, recording as A1,
incidence (%) = A1/100 × 100%.
The insect repelling rate calculation method comprises the following steps: selecting 100 fruit trees for each group to carry out experiments, taking the first group as a blank control group, not spraying liquid bagging materials, observing and counting the number of the fruit trees suffering from insect pests after 20 days, marking the fruit trees as A1, taking the second group to the ninth group as experiment groups, spraying corresponding liquid fruit bagging materials, observing and counting the number of the fruit trees suffering from insect pests after 20 days, marking the fruit trees as A2,
insect-repellent ratio (%) = (A1-A2)/A1 × 100%.
The method for calculating the high-quality fruit rate comprises the following steps: selecting 100 fruit trees for experiment in each group, spraying corresponding liquid fruit bagging materials once every 10 days, randomly selecting 10 harvested fruits for statistics in each group after the fruits are mature, recording the total number of the harvested fruits as A1, counting the number of the fruits with cracked, diseased and rotten fruits as A2,
the percentage of good-quality fruits (%) = (A1-A2)/A1 × 100%.
TABLE 1
Table 1 shows the application effect test results of the liquid fruit bagging material of the present invention in mango planting, and it can be seen from table 1 that after the liquid fruit bagging material prepared by the present invention is sprayed, the incidence rate of anthracnose of mango is significantly reduced, and compared with a blank control (first group), the incidence rate of anthracnose is reduced from 12% to 1.0%, the insect repelling rate of the liquid fruit bagging material of the present invention can reach 96.8%, and the highest high quality fruit rate can reach 92.5%. From the test results of the comparative sample groups (sixth group to ninth group), it can be seen that the addition of the emulsifier and the spreader has an important synergistic effect on the improvement of the insect-repellent rate and the high-quality fruit yield and the reduction of the incidence of anthracnose. Test results show that the green multifunctional liquid fruit bagging material has good insect and disease prevention effects on mango planting.
The application effect of the liquid fruit bagging material prepared in example 1 on mango planting is shown in fig. 3. In fig. 3, (a) is a graph of mango growth after using the liquid fruit bagging material prepared in example 1 (second group); (B) The mango is a blank control (a first group) without a bag, and the comparison of the graphs shows that the bagged mango is not infected with anthracnose and has better growth condition; the mangoes of the blank control group, which did not use a fluid bag, were infected with anthracnose, and the mangoes were less in growth vigor.
TABLE 2
Table 2 shows the application effect test results of the liquid fruit bagging material of the present invention on dragon fruit planting, and it can be seen from table 2 that the incidence of the dragon fruit canker is effectively controlled after the liquid fruit bagging material prepared by the present invention is sprayed, compared with the blank control (the first group), the incidence of the dragon fruit canker can be reduced from 14.0% to 1.0%, the insect repelling rate can reach 92.4% after the liquid fruit bagging material of the present invention is used on the dragon fruit, and the highest high quality fruit rate can reach 90.7%. The test result shows that the liquid fruit bagging material provided by the invention can play a good role in preventing insects and resisting diseases in dragon fruit planting.
The application effect of the liquid fruit bagging material prepared in example 1 on pitaya planting is shown in fig. 4. In fig. 4, (a) is a graph showing the growth of pitaya after using the liquid fruit bagging material prepared in example 1; (B) As a blank control without using a bagging, the comparison of the graphs shows that the dragon fruit ulcer of the blank control group without using a liquid bagging is serious, the dragon fruit after bagging does not have the ulcer, and the growth condition is good.
TABLE 3
Table 3 shows that after the liquid fruit bagging material prepared by the present invention is sprayed, the incidence of canker of citrus can be effectively controlled, and compared with the blank control, the incidence of canker can be reduced from 16.0% to 2.0%, the insect repelling rate of the liquid fruit bagging material of the present invention can reach 91.2% at most, and the high quality fruit rate can reach 87.3% at most. The test result shows that the liquid fruit bagging material has better insect and disease prevention effects on citrus planting.
Fig. 5 is a picture of the effect of the liquid fruit bagging material prepared in example 1 on citrus planting. Wherein (A) is a picture of the growth of citrus fruit after using the liquid fruit bagging material prepared in example 1; (B) In order to obtain a blank control without using a cap bag, the comparison of the images shows that the citrus fruits in the blank control group without using the liquid cap bag have canker, and the citrus fruits after applying the cap bag have no canker, so that the skin is smooth and the growth vigor is good.
Test example two, evaluation of film Properties
Diluting the liquid fruit bagging material by 600 times, spraying the diluted liquid fruit bagging material on the surface of a smooth glass surface dish, air-drying to form a film, and then removing the film, and respectively measuring the air permeability, the moisture permeability, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the film. Wherein, the air permeability of the membrane is determined by adopting an air permeability tester, the moisture permeability of the membrane is determined by adopting a water vapor permeability tester, and the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the membrane are determined by adopting an electronic tensile testing machine. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
In Table 4, the test group 1 measured the film-formed samples using the gelatin solution alone, the test groups 2 to 5 measured the film-formed samples of the liquid fruit bagging materials prepared in examples 1 to 4, and the test groups 6 to 9 measured the film-formed samples of the liquid fruit bagging materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 4. As shown by the comparison of air permeability, moisture permeability and mechanical property of each experimental group, the air permeability of the film after film forming can be 1.38 multiplied by 10 by adopting the liquid fruit bagging material provided by the invention 3 cm 3 /m 2 Increase of 24 h.0.1 MPa to 4.85X 10 MPa 5 cm 3 /m 2 24h 0.1MPa, the moisture permeability of the film can be adjusted to 26.84g/m 2 24h increase to 1.43X 10 3 g/m 2 24h, the tensile strength of the film can be increased from 1.4MPa to 4.5MPa by more than 3 times; the elongation at break of the film can be increased from 2.5% to 11.3%, which is increased by more than 4 times. From the test results of the experimental groups 6-9, it can be known that the addition of the emulsifier and the spreader plays a crucial role in improving the mechanical properties of the liquid fruit bagging film, and the addition of the pore-forming agent also plays an important role in improving the air permeability and the moisture permeability of the film. Therefore, the synergistic effect can be generated among the spreader, the emulsifier, the pore-foaming agent, the film-forming base material and the film-forming auxiliary agent, the air permeability and the moisture permeability of the film are enhanced through the synergistic effect, the respiration effect of fruits is facilitated, meanwhile, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the film are improved, and the long-acting barrier protection effect of the film is facilitated.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The liquid fruit bagging material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 to 10 parts of film forming base material, 1 to 5 parts of film forming auxiliary agent, 1 to 10 parts of spreader, 0.5 to 5 parts of emulsifier, 0.1 to 3 parts of natural antibacterial agent, 0.1 to 3 parts of natural insect repellant, 0.2 to 5 parts of porous microsphere carrier material and 0.1 to 3 parts of pore-forming agent;
the spreader is selected from at least one of lignosulfonate, calcium caseinate and organosilicon emulsion;
the emulsifier is at least one selected from sorbitan fatty acid ester, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, polyether and alkylbenzene sulfonic acid;
the porous microsphere carrier material is at least one selected from porous silicon dioxide microsphere carrier material, porous gelatin microsphere carrier material and porous calcium alginate microsphere carrier material.
2. The liquid fruit bagging material of claim 1 wherein the film forming matrix material is selected from one or more of gelatin, gum arabic, gellan gum, thiolated chitosan, and quaternary phosphonium salt chitosan.
3. The liquid fruit bagging material of claim 1 or 2, wherein the film forming aid is selected from at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol.
4. The liquid fruit bagging material of claim 3, wherein the natural antimicrobial agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of garlic extract, mugwort extract, ginger extract, patchouli extract, mint extract, melaleuca alternifolia extract, and the natural insect repellent is at least one selected from the group consisting of marigold extract, lavender extract, rosemary extract, and geranium extract.
5. The liquid fruit bagging material of claim 4, wherein the porogen is selected from at least one of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and calcium bicarbonate.
6. A method of making a liquid fruit bagging material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
dissolving a film-forming base material in water to prepare a high polymer solution with the concentration of 0.1 to 2.0 percent;
adding a natural antibacterial agent, a natural insect repellent and a porous microsphere carrier material into an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 5-25%, and mixing to load the natural antibacterial agent and the natural insect repellent on the porous microsphere carrier material to prepare a porous microsphere suspension;
adding a film-forming auxiliary agent, an emulsifier, a spreading agent and a pore-forming agent into water, and stirring under the conditions of 5000 to 10000rpm for emulsifying and dispersing to obtain a mixed emulsion;
and (3) mixing the polymer solution, the porous microsphere suspension and the mixed emulsion, and stirring under the conditions of 5000 to 10000rpm to emulsify and disperse to obtain the liquid fruit bagging material.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the porous microsphere suspension has a concentration of porous microsphere carrier material of 0.001-0.1 g/mL; in the mixed emulsion, the concentration of the emulsifier is 0.001-0.1 g/mL.
8. Use of the liquid fruit bagging material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to improve the quality of fruit and/or to improve the insect and disease protection of fruit.
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| CN114747599B (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-19 | 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司 | Bemisia tabaci repellent and preparation method thereof |
| CN115677412B (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2024-02-23 | 西安德农生物科技有限公司 | Fertilizer capable of protecting crop fruit surfaces and preparation method thereof |
| CN116731564B (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2024-08-06 | 河北嘉和生物科技有限公司 | Chitin liquid fruit film and application |
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