CN113571737A - Air-cooled galvanic pile environment simulation test system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Air-cooled galvanic pile environment simulation test system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 127
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 120
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035485 pulse pressure Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 96
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009666 routine test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04335—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
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- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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Abstract
The invention discloses an air-cooled galvanic pile environment simulation test system and a control method thereof, relates to an environment simulation device structure for testing an air-cooled galvanic pile of a fuel cell and an operation control method, and more particularly relates to a test device condition and an operation management method for simulating environmental air pressure, particularly low air pressure, and controlling temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration and hydrogen concentration. Under the condition of keeping the pressure of the hydrogen exhaust port to be the same as the set environmental pressure, the hydrogen tail gas is not discharged into the circulating air of the testing device, so that the ventilation energy consumption can be greatly reduced, especially the energy consumption of vacuum pumping under the pressure reduction condition, and the system safety is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a structure and a control method of an environment simulation device for testing an air-cooled electric pile of a fuel cell, in particular to a test and operation management method with the functions of simulating low air pressure of the environment and controlling temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration and hydrogen concentration.
Background
Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells to efficiently generate electrical energy, and is common with hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Since the efficiency is lower than one hundred percent, the operation of the galvanic pile generates waste heat, and the waste heat is mainly divided into a water-cooled pile and an air-cooled pile according to a waste heat removal mode, namely a cooling mode.
The water-cooled electric pile generally has the characteristics of cathode pressurization and coolant circulation secondary cooling, and cathode air and cooling air have different physical channel spaces. Wherein, the cathode air can enter the cathode after being pressurized and humidified and is separated from the cooling cavity, and the liquid in the cooling cavity exchanges heat with the air outside the galvanic pile. The cathode air of the air-cooled electric pile is generally directly used as ambient air, and is directly cooled in the electric pile, the cooling channel and the cathode channel are integrated in the same physical space channel, and the air directly passes through the polar plates of the electric pile without being subjected to temperature, pressure and humidity treatment. For these reasons, air-cooled stacks appear to be much more dependent on environmental conditions than water-cooled stacks.
Therefore, the environmental chamber and the testing method for the water-cooled galvanic pile test are different from those for the direct air-cooled galvanic pile, and the related technologies need to be developed in a targeted manner.
At present, the atmospheric environment simulation test of the water-cooled galvanic pile is still little, and the atmospheric environment simulation test of the air-cooled galvanic pile is much less.
Patent application CN111540930A discloses a device for air-cooling electric pile, which is used for routine test of a plurality of air-cooling electric piles under a repeated structure to speed up the detection progress, but can only be performed under the condition of routine atmosphere opening.
Patent application CN111162296A, discloses a test chamber and a control method for atmospheric environment simulation. The technology is used for the water-cooled galvanic pile to run in the environment simulation bin, air in the environment bin is used for pressurizing cathode gas, and heat is dissipated outside the environment bin. The hydrogen is directly discharged into the environment bin, which will generate hydrogen to be diffused in the test space and sent to the cathode through the cathode air compressor, obviously, the electric pile has a certain amount of hydrogen when running at the cathode, which is different from the cathode air without hydrogen in the actual environment, and does not radiate heat in the simulated climate environment bin, which is fundamentally different from the air-cooled electric pile radiating heat directly into the environment around the electric pile. Because the hydrogen tail of the technology is discharged in an environmental chamber, in order to control the hydrogen concentration and reduce the hydrogen influence of cathode emission, the ventilation emission needs to be increased or the space needs to be increased to dilute the hydrogen, and as a result, the space is increased or the number of times of the space ventilation is increased, and in the common simulated plateau low-pressure operation, the technology needs to expend larger vacuum ventilation energy consumption.
Patent application CN111380688A discloses a container formula detection device, to the water-cooling electric pile, its hydrogen tail gas mixes with air exhaust, discharges in the atmosphere to its hydrogen is irrelevant with the test bin pressure from the ambient pressure of electric pile release, and the heat that the electric pile produced also does not discharge the simulation climatic environment storehouse of detection, and is different with the principle of air cooling heap test.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention relates to an environment simulation device structure for testing a fuel cell air-cooled electric stack and an operation control method, in particular to a test device condition and an operation management method for simulating the environmental air pressure, particularly low air pressure, and controlling the temperature, the humidity, the oxygen concentration and the hydrogen concentration.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the environment simulation test system for the air-cooled galvanic pile comprises an environment bin, a hydrogen management system and an air management system, wherein the environment bin is a vacuum-resistant pressure container environment bin, the air-cooled galvanic pile to be tested is placed in the middle of the environment bin, the air-cooled galvanic pile is provided with a fan for inducing air, a gap is formed between the air-cooled galvanic pile and the environment bin and can be used for circulating air, a wind direction anemometer for detecting wind direction and flow speed is arranged in the gap, the environment bin is further provided with a safety valve for limiting pressure to be not lower than a limited value, and an environment bin hydrogen concentration sensor close to an outlet.
Furthermore, the hydrogen management system is composed of a hydrogen source outside the environment bin, a hydrogen controller, a tail gas buffer, a hydrogen water separator and a connecting pipeline, wherein the tail gas buffer, the hydrogen water separator and the connecting pipeline are sequentially connected outside the environment bin, and one end of the hydrogen controller is connected with the hydrogen source. The other end of the hydrogen pipe is connected with a tail gas buffer, a connecting pipeline between the tail gas buffer and the hydrogen water separator is provided with a tail gas buffer valve, a connecting pipeline between the hydrogen water separator and the ambient atmosphere A is provided with a hydrogen water separator emptying valve, a connecting pipeline between the hydrogen water separator and the hydrogen vacuum system is provided with a valve A for connecting vacuum, the hydrogen water separator is provided with a pressure sensor, and a pipeline below the pressure sensor is provided with a water drain valve at the lower end.
Further, the hydrogen controller is a galvanic pile self-prepared hydrogen controller arranged in the environment bin or a hydrogen controller arranged outside the environment bin.
Further, external air piping system includes the circulating line, the air feed, the oxygen air feed, nitrogen gas air feed and the supply of deionized water, connect out the circulating line of air export from the environmental chamber, the back hydrogen concentration sensor after piling has connected gradually on the circulating line, the back temperature sensor after piling, the heat exchanger of cooling, the air device that divides water, circulating fan, humidity transducer after the cooling, temperature transducer after the cooling, oxygen concentration sensor, connect gradually the gas component regulation section of connecting circulating line again, including the air feed, the oxygen air feed, the nitrogen gas air feed, the supply of deionized water, temperature sensor before the intensification, the heat exchanger that heaies up, oxygen concentration sensor after the intensification, pressure sensor after the intensification, temperature sensor after the intensification, humidity transducer after the intensification, then get back to the environmental chamber.
Furthermore, the air water diversion device comprises an air water diverter connected to the circulating pipeline and behind the cooling heat exchanger, a connecting pipeline between the air water diverter and the ambient atmosphere is provided with a valve C for connecting vacuum, a connecting pipeline between the air water diverter and the collector is provided with an air water diverter valve, the collector and a connecting pipeline between the ambient atmosphere B are provided with a collector emptying valve, the collector and a connecting pipeline between the air vacuum system and the collector are provided with a valve B for connecting vacuum, the collector is provided with a collector pressure sensor, and a pipeline below the collector emptying valve is provided with a collector water drain valve.
For the test device, the invention provides a control method for the air-cooled galvanic pile environment simulation test, the system starts a main program, selects operation parameters or modifies the operation parameters, periodically detects the parameters including various pressures, temperatures, humidity, concentrations and flow rates, and continuously performs the following processes.
The control method also comprises the control of the air subsystem control sub-program and the hydrogen subsystem operation control sub-program.
(1) Air subsystem control subroutine
When the test system enters a starting state, firstly, an explosion-proof circulating fan is started, a wind direction anemometer detects the wind direction and the wind speed, the relative wind direction is kept from left to right, the rotating speed of the circulating fan is controlled, and the pressure of the internal gas is adjusted to a set value by starting a valve C connected with vacuum on a circulating pipeline; if the hydrogen concentration exceeds the standard, opening a valve C connected with vacuum on the circulating pipeline and simultaneously opening air for supplying air to reduce the hydrogen concentration in the circulating pipeline until the hydrogen concentration is reduced to the hydrogen concentration set by the test operation so as to avoid the hydrogen concentration from influencing the operation condition of the cathode of the galvanic pile, and not processing low concentration so as to save unnecessary overhigh standard consumption;
after the conditions are met, opening a valve B connected with vacuum on a collector of the circulating pipeline, opening an air water separator valve to ensure that the collector and the circulating pipeline have the same pressure, and controlling a heating heat exchanger to heat to a preset temperature; according to the monitoring values of the humidity sensor after temperature reduction and the humidity sensor after temperature rise, if the humidity is lower than the required humidity, the amount of added water for spraying is adjusted to be increased, and if the humidity is higher than the required humidity, the flow of cold water of the temperature reduction heat exchanger is increased, so that the air is adjusted to the required dew point;
according to the detected concentrations of the oxygen concentration sensor and the oxygen concentration sensor after temperature rise, comparing the oxygen concentration set by the system, if the oxygen concentration is the same as the oxygen concentration set by the system, selecting air for air supply, if the concentration is lower than the system setting, selecting oxygen for air supply, if the concentration is higher than the system setting, selecting nitrogen for air supply, and simultaneously selecting only one of the air supplies, so that the pressure of the circulating pipeline is kept to be the same as the oxygen concentration entering the environmental chamber; detecting the pressure of the circulating pipeline by using the pressure sensor after temperature rise, and reducing the pressure to a set value through a valve C of the circulating pipeline, which is connected with vacuum, if the pressure exceeds the set value; if the pressure is lower than the set value, according to the set oxygen concentration, supplying air through one of air supply, oxygen supply and nitrogen supply to achieve pressurization and control of the oxygen concentration; the gas temperature in the circulating pipeline is controlled by a cooling heat exchanger and a heating heat exchanger, and the detection points are a post-stack temperature sensor, a post-cooling temperature sensor, a pre-heating temperature sensor and a post-heating temperature sensor;
detecting the water level of the air channel collector, if the water level reaches a specified water discharge position, closing the air water separator valve, opening the air channel collector air breaking valve, after water discharge, closing the air channel collector air breaking valve, opening the valve B connected with vacuum for pressure reduction, and after the pressure of the valve B is the same as that of the circulating pipeline, opening the air water separator valve to receive water again;
(2) hydrogen subsystem control subroutine
When the test system enters a starting state, a hydrogen source does not introduce hydrogen into the air-cooled galvanic pile, an explosion-proof circulating fan is started, and the hydrogen concentration is detected by using the environmental chamber hydrogen concentration sensor and the hydrogen concentration sensor after the galvanic pile is discharged;
opening a tail gas buffer valve, opening a valve A connected with vacuum, detecting actual pressure by a pressure sensor, and participating in pressure regulation by a hydrogen water separator air-breaking valve to maintain the pressure difference between the pressure and the air-cooled galvanic pile operating environment within a certain range;
discharging the hydrogen tail into a tail gas buffer, controlling the pressure of the tail gas buffer within a certain range of the pressure difference with the pressure of a circulating pipeline, and simulating and maintaining a pressure difference condition between a hydrogen cavity and an air cavity of an air-cooled electric pile in a real environment, wherein the pressure difference condition comprises that the hydrogen is not discharged into the circulating pipeline under a pulse type pressure difference fluctuation condition;
when the water level of the hydrogen water separator reaches a preset discharge height, closing a tail gas buffer valve, opening a hydrogen water separator emptying valve, recovering the pressure of the hydrogen water separator to be the ambient atmospheric pressure for discharging water, discharging water from the hydrogen water separator under the action of gravity after the pressure of the hydrogen water separator is recovered to be the same as the ambient atmospheric pressure A, then closing the hydrogen water separator emptying valve, opening a valve A connected with vacuum to reduce the pressure of the hydrogen water separator to the pressure value of a circulating pipeline, opening the tail gas buffer valve, receiving the discharge of tail gas, and continuing to collect water;
and the water discharging time is selected to be the time immediately after the end of the next tail gas pulse, the tail gas buffer valve is closed, and a period of emptying, water discharging, pressure reducing and water receiving opening again is completed within 10-30 seconds of the pulse period.
Furthermore, the hydrogen concentration set in the test operation is 0-200 ppm, preferably 10-100 ppm.
Furthermore, the air speed of the circulating fan is controlled to be 0.1-2 m/s, and preferably 0.2-0.5 m/s.
Further, the difference value between the pressure of the hydrogen water separator air-breaking valve participating in regulation and the pressure of the air cooling galvanic pile operating environment is controlled within +/-5.0 kPa, and preferably +/-0.2-2.0 kPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can obtain the simulation condition closer to the actual operation, is beneficial to reducing the test energy consumption and is convenient for the stable operation of the test. Under the condition of keeping the pressure of the hydrogen exhaust port to be the same as the set environmental pressure, the hydrogen tail gas is not discharged into the circulating air of the testing device, so that the ventilation energy consumption can be greatly reduced, especially the energy consumption of vacuum pumping under the pressure reduction condition, and the system safety is improved.
The invention is beneficial to the reduction of the volume and the cost of the air-cooled electric pile test system and the acquisition of more comprehensive operation data. On the one hand, the power of the air-cooled electric pile system is generally smaller than that of the water-cooled electric pile system, and on the other hand, the volume of the main container is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an air-cooled galvanic pile environment simulation test system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure for testing an air-cooled electric pile system with complete hydrogen management;
fig. 3 is a layout diagram of a part of the pipeline passing through the environmental chamber.
Wherein, 1, a circulating pipeline, 2, air supply, 3, oxygen supply, 4, nitrogen supply, 5, deionized water supply, 6, a heating heat exchanger, 7, a hydrogen source, 8, a galvanic pile self-prepared hydrogen controller, 9, a tail gas buffer, 10, ambient atmosphere A, 11, a hydrogen water separator air breaking valve, 12, a hydrogen water separator, 13, a water discharging valve at the lower end, 14, a valve A, 15 connected with vacuum, a hydrogen vacuum system, 16, a pressure sensor, 17, a tail gas buffer valve, 18 ambient atmosphere B, 19 a collector air breaking valve, 20, a collector, 21, a collector water discharging valve, 22, a valve B, 23 connected with vacuum, an air vacuum system, 24, a collector pressure sensor, 25, an air water separator valve, 26, an air water separator, 27, a valve C, 28 connected with vacuum, ambient atmosphere C, 29, a cooling heat exchanger, 30, a circulating fan, 31, a cooling heat exchanger, a cooling water heater, a cooling system, a, Oxygen concentration sensor, 32, temperature sensor after cooling, 33, humidity sensor after cooling, 34, temperature sensor after pile discharging, 35, hydrogen concentration sensor after pile discharging, 36, hydrogen concentration sensor in environment chamber, 37, air cooling galvanic pile, 38, environment chamber, 39, safety valve, 40, environment atmosphere D, 41, wind direction anemometer, 42, humidity sensor after temperature rising, 43, temperature sensor after temperature rising, 44, pressure sensor after temperature rising, 45, oxygen concentration sensor after temperature rising, 46, temperature sensor before temperature rising.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to specific examples, without limiting the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods adopted by the invention are all conventional methods, and experimental equipment, materials, reagents and the like used in the experimental method can be obtained from commercial sources.
The hydrogen vacuum system has conventional methods and facilities for processing hydrogen, and is not described in detail herein.
Example 1
In fig. 1, the environment simulation test device for the air-cooled galvanic pile consists of a test device main body provided with the galvanic pile to be tested, namely an environment chamber 38 for placing the air-cooled galvanic pile 37 to be tested, a hydrogen management system connected with the environment chamber 38, and an external air management system.
The environmental simulation air in the external air duct system enters and exits from opposite sides of the environmental chamber 38, and for convenience, the air enters on the left side and exits on the right side of the figure, which is not a limiting relative orientation. An air-cooled electric pile 37 to be tested is placed in the middle of the environmental chamber 38, the air-cooled electric pile 37 has a fan induced air direction which is the same as the left inlet and the right outlet, a gap for air circulation is arranged between the air-cooled electric pile 37 and the environmental chamber 38, a wind direction and wind speed meter 41 for detecting the wind direction and the flow speed is arranged in the gap, the environmental chamber 38 also has a safety valve 39 for limiting the pressure to be not lower than a limited value, and an environmental chamber hydrogen concentration sensor 36 close to an outlet.
The hydrogen management system comprises a galvanic pile self-prepared hydrogen controller 8 in an environment chamber 38, a hydrogen source 7 outside the environment chamber 38, a tail gas buffer 9, a tail gas buffer valve 17 connected to the lower end of the tail gas buffer 9, a hydrogen water separator 12, a hydrogen water separator air breaking valve 11, a valve A14 connected with vacuum, a pressure sensor 16, a water drain valve 13 at the lower end and a connecting pipeline in the hydrogen water separator 12.
The external air pipeline system comprises a circulating pipeline 1 which comprises air, oxygen, nitrogen and water for humidification, and the circulating pipeline 1 is coated with a heat-insulating material so as to reduce heat exchange between various components of the system and the environment. The circulating pipeline 1 of an air outlet is connected to the environment bin 38, and the circulating pipeline 1 is sequentially connected with a post-stack hydrogen concentration sensor 35, a post-stack temperature sensor 34, a cooling heat exchanger 29, an air water distribution device, a valve C27 for connecting vacuum, an explosion-proof circulating fan 30, a post-cooling humidity sensor 33, a post-cooling temperature sensor 32, an oxygen concentration sensor 31, an air supply 2, an oxygen supply 3, a nitrogen supply 4, a deionized water supply 5, a pre-heating temperature sensor 46, a heating heat exchanger 6, a post-heating oxygen concentration sensor 45, a post-heating pressure sensor 44, a post-heating temperature sensor 43 and a post-heating humidity sensor 42.
The air water diversion device comprises an air water diversion device 26 connected to the circulating pipeline 1, an air water diversion device valve 25 and a collector water discharge valve 21 which are connected with a water outlet at the lower end of the air water diversion device 26, a collector air breaking valve 19, a collector pressure sensor 24 and a valve B22 connected with vacuum on the collector 20, and a connecting pipeline.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the present example is different from the example 1 in that the tested air-cooled electric pile 37 has a self-contained hydrogen management system to automatically control the discharge of hydrogen, the environment simulation test device of the air-cooled electric pile 37 only provides the hydrogen source 7, but does not provide the pile self-contained hydrogen controller 8, and the hydrogen generated by the air-cooled electric pile 37 is discharged directly into the tail gas buffer 9, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, the circulation duct 1 passes through the inside of the environmental chamber 38 after passing through the circulation fan 30, and then passes through the temperature-raising heat exchanger 6 to enter the inside of the environmental chamber 38. This layout reduces the overall external dimensions compared to the layout of example 1. Other hydrogen offgas management systems, various sensors, and other parts of the air management system not included through the environmental chamber 38 remain unchanged with respect to location and function.
Example 4
For the test device, the invention provides a control method for an air-cooled galvanic pile environment simulation test, which comprises the following steps:
the system starts a main program, selects or modifies operation parameters, periodically detects various parameters including pressure, temperature, humidity, concentration, flow and the like, and continuously performs the following processes. Under various conditions, fault protection instructions, artificial interruption instructions and the like detected by the system are preferably and automatically carried out, and the method belongs to the conventional method and is not specifically described herein.
The control method comprises the control of an air subsystem control sub-program and a hydrogen subsystem operation control sub-program.
(1) Air subsystem control subroutine
When the test system enters a starting state, the explosion-proof circulating fan 30 is started firstly, the wind direction and the wind speed are detected by the wind direction and the wind speed meter 41, the relative wind direction is kept from left to right, the wind speed is preferably 0.1-2 m/s, more preferably 0.2-0.5 m/s, and the rotating speed of the circulating fan 30 is controlled according to the wind speed and the wind speed.
Valve C27 connected to vacuum was opened, air trap valve 25 was opened, valve B22 connected to vacuum was opened and accumulator 20 was at the same pressure as recycle line 1. Controlling the temperature-rising heat exchanger 6 to rise to a preset temperature; according to the humidity sensor 33 after temperature reduction and the humidity sensor 42 after temperature rise, if the humidity is lower than the required humidity, the amount of the added water for spraying is adjusted, and if the humidity is higher than the required humidity, the flow of the temperature reduction heat exchanger 29 is increased, so that the air is adjusted to the required dew point.
And detecting the water level of the collector 20, if the water level reaches a specified water discharge position, closing the air water separator valve 25, opening the collector emptying breaking valve 19, closing the collector emptying breaking valve 19 after water discharge, opening the valve B22 connected with vacuum for pressure reduction, and opening the air water separator valve 25 to receive water again after the same pressure as the circulating pipeline 1.
During the operation of the air-cooled electric stack 37, at least the temperature, pressure, humidity, oxygen content and hydrogen content of the circulating air are changed.
If the hydrogen concentration sensor 29 of the environmental chamber 38 or the hydrogen concentration sensor 36 after the stack discharge detects that the hydrogen concentration exceeds the standard, namely the hydrogen concentration in the circulating pipeline 1 or the environmental chamber 38 exceeds the standard, the valve C27 connected with vacuum is opened to continuously discharge circulating air, and meanwhile, the hydrogen content in the system is reduced by supplying supplementary gas through air.
After the pressure and the temperature of the circulating pipeline 1 reach indexes, carrying out humidity adjustment, and controlling the water adding amount of the deionized water supply 5 by using the humidity sensor 42 after temperature rise; according to the detected concentration of the oxygen concentration sensor 45 and the oxygen concentration sensor 31 after temperature rise, comparing the oxygen concentration set by the system, if the concentration is the same, selecting air supply 2, if the concentration is lower than the system setting, selecting oxygen supply 3, if the concentration is higher than the system setting, selecting nitrogen supply 4, and simultaneously selecting only one of the air supply to keep the pressure of the circulating pipeline 1 and the oxygen concentration entering the environmental chamber 38; detecting the pressure of the circulating pipeline 1 by using the pressure sensor 44 after the temperature rise, and reducing the pressure to a set value through a valve C27 connected with vacuum if the pressure exceeds the set value; if the pressure is lower than the set value, according to the set oxygen concentration, supplying air through one of air supply 2, oxygen supply 3 and nitrogen supply 4 to achieve pressurization and control of the oxygen concentration; the gas temperature in the circulation duct 1 is controlled by the temperature-lowering heat exchanger 29 and the temperature-raising heat exchanger 6, and the detection points are the post-stack temperature sensor 34, the post-temperature-lowering temperature sensor 32, the pre-temperature-raising temperature sensor 46, and the post-temperature-raising temperature sensor 43.
(2) Hydrogen subsystem control subroutine
When the test system enters a starting state, the hydrogen source 7 does not introduce hydrogen into the air-cooling electric pile 37;
opening a valve A14 connected with vacuum, detecting the actual pressure of the hydrogen water separator 12 by a pressure sensor 16, and adjusting the pressure by the hydrogen water separator vacuum breaking valve 11 and a valve A14 connected with vacuum together; when the detection pressure is higher than the set operation pressure, the valve A14 connected with vacuum is opened to reduce the pressure, and when the detection pressure is lower than the set operation pressure, the hydrogen water separator emptying valve 11 is opened to increase the pressure, so that the difference between the pressure and the operation environment pressure of the air-cooled electric pile 37 is maintained within a certain range, such as +/-5.0 kPa, and preferably +/-0.2-2.0 kPa; after the pressure difference is within the above range, the exhaust buffer valve 17 is opened and the air-cooled stack 37 can be operated.
The hydrogen management system has two types, one is the self-contained operation management of the air-cooled galvanic pile 37, and the other is the direct management of the whole air-cooled galvanic pile environment simulation test system; in both methods, hydrogen tail is discharged into a tail gas buffer 9, the pressure of the tail gas buffer 9 is controlled within a preset range, such as within 1kPa, and the pressure difference with the pressure of a circulating pipeline 1 is simulated and maintained, wherein the pressure difference with a hydrogen cavity and an air cavity of an air-cooled electric pile in a real environment is simulated and maintained, and hydrogen is not discharged into the circulating pipeline 1 under a pulse-type pressure difference fluctuation condition;
when the water level of the hydrogen water separator 12 reaches a preset discharge height, closing the tail gas buffer valve 17, opening the hydrogen water separator emptying valve 11, discharging water from the water discharge valve 13 at the lower end after the pressure of the hydrogen water separator 12 is recovered to be the same as that of the ambient atmosphere A10, then closing the hydrogen water separator emptying valve 11, opening the valve A14 connected with vacuum to reduce the pressure of the hydrogen water separator 12 to the preset range of the pressure difference value with the circulating pipeline 1, opening the tail gas buffer valve 17, and continuing to collect water;
the hydrogen gas path drainage time management method comprises the steps that when drainage is needed, the tail gas buffer valve 17 is closed immediately after the end of one tail gas pulse immediately after a drainage signal is sent out, the pulse period of the galvanic pile is generally 10-30 seconds, and one period of air breaking, drainage, pressure reduction and water collection is opened again is completed in the period.
The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the invention, rather than all possible embodiments of the invention. Any obvious modifications to the above would be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art, but would not bring the invention so modified beyond the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The air-cooled galvanic pile environment simulation test system is characterized by comprising an environment bin (38), a hydrogen management system and an air management system, wherein the environment bin (38) is a vacuum-resistant pressure container environment bin, an air-cooled galvanic pile (37) to be tested is placed in the middle of the environment bin (38), the air-cooled galvanic pile (37) is provided with a fan for air induction, a gap is formed between the air-cooled galvanic pile (37) and the environment bin (38) and can be used for air circulation, a wind direction anemoscope (41) for detecting wind direction and flow speed is arranged in the gap, the environment bin (38) is further provided with a safety valve (39) for limiting pressure to be not lower than a limited value, and an environment bin hydrogen concentration sensor (36) close to an outlet.
2. The air-cooled pile environment simulation test system of claim 1, the hydrogen management system is composed of a hydrogen source (7) outside an environment bin, a hydrogen controller, a tail gas buffer (9), a hydrogen water separator (12) and a connecting pipeline, wherein the environment bin (38) is sequentially connected with the outside, one end of the hydrogen controller is connected with the hydrogen source (7), the other end of the hydrogen controller is connected with the tail gas buffer (9), the connecting pipeline between the tail gas buffer (9) and the hydrogen water separator (12) is provided with a tail gas buffer valve (17), the connecting pipeline between the hydrogen water separator (12) and the environment atmosphere A (10) is provided with a hydrogen water separator air breaking valve (11), the connecting pipeline between the hydrogen water separator (12) and a hydrogen vacuum system (15) is provided with a valve A (14) for connecting vacuum, the hydrogen water separator (12) is provided with a pressure sensor (16), and a water drain valve (13) at the lower end is arranged on a pipeline below the connecting pipeline.
3. The air-cooled electric pile environment simulation test system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the hydrogen controller is an electric pile self-prepared hydrogen controller (8) arranged in the environment chamber (38) or a hydrogen controller arranged outside the environment chamber (38).
4. The air-cooled galvanic pile environment simulation test system according to claim 1, wherein the external air pipeline system comprises a circulating pipeline (1), an air supply (2), an oxygen supply (3), a nitrogen supply (4) and a deionized water supply (5), the circulating pipeline (1) of an air outlet is connected from an environment bin (38), a post-stack hydrogen concentration sensor (35), a post-stack temperature sensor (34), a cooling heat exchanger (29), an air water diversion device, a circulating fan (30), a post-cooling humidity sensor (33), a post-cooling temperature sensor (32) and an oxygen concentration sensor (31) are sequentially connected to the circulating pipeline (1), and then a gas component adjusting section of the circulating pipeline is sequentially connected to the circulating pipeline, and the system comprises an air supply (2), an oxygen supply (3), a nitrogen supply (4), a deionized water supply (5), A pre-heating temperature sensor (46), a heating heat exchanger (6), a post-heating oxygen concentration sensor (45), a post-heating pressure sensor (44), a post-heating temperature sensor (43), a post-heating humidity sensor (42), and then returning to the environmental chamber (38).
5. The air-cooled electric pile environment simulation test system according to claim 4, characterized in that the air water separator comprises an air water separator (26) connected to the circulation pipeline (1) behind the cooling heat exchanger (29), the connecting pipeline of the air water separator (26) and the ambient atmosphere (28) is provided with a valve C (27) for connecting vacuum, the connecting pipeline of the air water separator (26) and the collector (20) is provided with an air water separator valve (25), the connecting pipeline of the collector (20) and the ambient atmosphere B (18) is provided with a collector emptying valve (19), the connecting pipeline of the collector (20) and the air vacuum system (23) is provided with a valve B (22) for connecting vacuum, the collector (20) is provided with a collector pressure sensor (24), and the lower pipeline is provided with a collector water drain valve (21).
6. A control method for air-cooled galvanic pile environment simulation test is characterized in that a system starts a main program, selects operation parameters or modifies the operation parameters, periodically detects parameters including various pressures, temperatures, humidities, concentrations and flow rates, and continuously performs the following processes;
the control method also comprises the control of an air subsystem control subprogram and a hydrogen subsystem operation control subprogram;
(1) air subsystem control subroutine
When the test system enters a starting state, firstly, an explosion-proof circulating fan (30) is started, a wind direction anemometer (41) detects wind direction and wind speed, the relative wind direction is kept from left to right, the rotating speed of the circulating fan (30) is controlled, and the internal gas pressure is adjusted to a set value by starting a valve C (27) connected with vacuum on a circulating pipeline (1); if the hydrogen concentration exceeds the standard, opening a valve C (27) connected with vacuum on the circulating pipeline and simultaneously opening air supply (2) to reduce the hydrogen concentration in the circulating pipeline (1) until the hydrogen concentration is reduced to the hydrogen concentration set by the test operation so as to avoid the hydrogen concentration from influencing the cathode operation condition of the galvanic pile, and not processing low concentration so as to save unnecessary over-high standard consumption;
after the conditions are met, opening a valve B (22) which is arranged on a collector (20) of the circulating pipeline (1) and connected with vacuum, opening an air water separator valve (25), enabling the collector (20) and the circulating pipeline (1) to have the same pressure, and controlling a heating heat exchanger (6) to heat to a preset temperature; according to the monitoring values of the humidity sensor (33) after temperature reduction and the humidity sensor (42) after temperature rise, if the humidity is lower than the required humidity, the amount of added water for spraying is adjusted to be increased, and if the humidity is higher than the required humidity, the flow of cold water of the temperature reduction heat exchanger (29) is increased, so that the air is adjusted to the required dew point;
according to the detected concentration of the oxygen concentration sensor (31) and the oxygen concentration sensor (45) after temperature rise, comparing the oxygen concentration set by the system, if the oxygen concentration is the same as the oxygen concentration set by the system, selecting air supply (2), if the concentration is lower than the system setting, selecting oxygen supply (4), if the concentration is higher than the system setting, selecting nitrogen supply (4), and simultaneously selecting only one of the air supplies, so that the pressure of the circulating pipeline (1) is kept the same as the oxygen concentration entering the environmental chamber (38); detecting the pressure of the circulating pipeline (1) by using a pressure sensor (44) after temperature rise, and reducing the pressure to a set value through a valve C (27) of the circulating pipeline (1) connected with vacuum if the pressure exceeds the set value; if the pressure is lower than the set value, according to the set oxygen concentration, supplying air through one of air supply (2), oxygen supply (3) and nitrogen supply (4) to achieve pressurization and control of the oxygen concentration; the gas temperature in the circulating pipeline (1) is controlled by a cooling heat exchanger (29) and a heating heat exchanger (6), and the detection points are a post-stack temperature sensor (34), a post-cooling temperature sensor (32), a pre-heating temperature sensor (46) and a post-heating temperature sensor (43);
detecting the water level of the air path collector (20), if the water level reaches a specified water discharge position, closing the air water separator valve (25), opening the air path collector air break valve (19), closing the air path collector air break valve (19) after water discharge, opening a valve B (22) connected with vacuum for pressure reduction, and opening the air water separator valve (25) to receive water again after the air path collector air break valve and the circulating pipeline (1) are at the same pressure;
(2) hydrogen subsystem control subroutine
When the test system enters a starting state, the hydrogen source (7) does not introduce hydrogen into the air-cooled galvanic pile (37), the explosion-proof circulating fan (30) is started, and the hydrogen concentration is detected by the environment bin hydrogen concentration sensor (36) and the hydrogen concentration sensor (35) after the galvanic pile is discharged;
opening a tail gas buffer valve (17), opening a valve A (14) connected with vacuum, detecting actual pressure by a pressure sensor (16), and allowing a hydrogen water separator air breaking valve (11) to participate in pressure regulation to maintain the pressure difference between the pressure and the operating environment pressure of an air-cooled galvanic pile (37) within a certain range;
discharging the hydrogen tail into a tail gas buffer (9), controlling the pressure of the tail gas buffer (9) within a certain range of the pressure difference with the pressure of the circulating pipeline (1), simulating and maintaining a pressure difference condition between a hydrogen cavity and an air cavity of an air-cooled electric pile (37) in a real environment, wherein the pressure difference condition comprises that the hydrogen is not discharged into the circulating pipeline (1) under a pulse pressure difference fluctuation condition;
when the water level of the hydrogen water separator (12) reaches a preset discharge height, closing the tail gas buffer valve (17), opening the hydrogen water separator emptying valve (11), recovering the pressure of the hydrogen water separator (12) to be the ambient atmospheric pressure to discharge water, after the pressure of the hydrogen water separator (12) is recovered to be the same as the ambient atmospheric pressure A (10), discharging the water in the hydrogen water separator (12) under the action of gravity, then closing the hydrogen water separator emptying valve (11), opening the valve A (14) connected with vacuum to reduce the pressure of the hydrogen water separator (12) to the pressure value of the circulating pipeline (1), opening the tail gas buffer valve (17), receiving the tail gas discharge, and continuing to collect the water;
the water discharging time is selected to close the tail gas buffer valve (17) at the moment immediately after the next tail gas pulse is finished, and one period of air breaking, water discharging, pressure reducing and water receiving opening again is completed within 10-30 seconds of the pulse period.
7. The method for controlling the environmental simulation test of the air-cooled electric pile as claimed in claim 6, wherein the hydrogen concentration set in the test operation is 0-200 ppm.
8. The method for controlling the environmental simulation test of the air-cooled pile as claimed in claim 6, wherein the wind speed of the circulating fan is controlled to be 0.1-2 m/s.
9. The method for controlling the simulation test of the environment of the air-cooled electric pile as claimed in claim 6, wherein the difference between the pressure of the hydrogen separator emptying valve (11) involved in the adjustment and the pressure of the air-cooled electric pile (37) operating environment is controlled within +/-5.0 kPa.
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