CN113570115A - Comprehensive energy system P2G plant station planning method suitable for bidirectional energy flow - Google Patents

Comprehensive energy system P2G plant station planning method suitable for bidirectional energy flow Download PDF

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CN113570115A
CN113570115A CN202110749306.7A CN202110749306A CN113570115A CN 113570115 A CN113570115 A CN 113570115A CN 202110749306 A CN202110749306 A CN 202110749306A CN 113570115 A CN113570115 A CN 113570115A
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gas
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CN113570115B (en
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令红兵
唐若愚
周步祥
臧天磊
华伟杰
罗欢
董申
张远洪
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Sichuan University
Dongfang Electric Machinery Co Ltd DEC
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Dongfang Electric Machinery Co Ltd DEC
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    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a comprehensive energy system P2G station planning method suitable for bidirectional energy flow, which comprises the following steps: establishing a power system model, a natural gas system model and a bidirectional energy flow system model of the comprehensive energy system, and respectively representing a power flow equation, a natural gas flow equation, an energy conversion relation from electricity to gas and an energy conversion relation from gas to electricity; establishing a P2G plant station optimization planning model for setting an objective function and constraint conditions; solving a P2G plant station optimization planning model by taking the minimum sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operation cost of the comprehensive energy system as an objective function based on the physical power flow relation among the power system model, the natural gas system model and the bidirectional energy flow system model to obtain the capacity of a P2G plant station; wherein the operating cost includes at least: annual wind abandonment cost and annual gas purchase cost. The method provided by the embodiment of the invention can reasonably and efficiently plan the capacity of the P2G plant station by aiming at minimum wind waste and maximum economic benefit.

Description

Comprehensive energy system P2G plant station planning method suitable for bidirectional energy flow
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power supply, in particular to a comprehensive energy system P2G plant station planning method suitable for bidirectional energy flow.
Background
The development of renewable new energy sources such as wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and the like powerfully relieves the problems of energy crisis, environmental deterioration and the like. However, in the process of grid connection of new energy, the randomness and intermittence of energy production and marketing bring about a lot of hazards to the aspects of safety, stability, operation scheduling and the like of a power grid, and the problems of wind abandonment and light abandonment are caused to form resource waste, so that the large-scale application of new energy power generation is restricted.
In order to efficiently realize the consumption of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power, various solutions have been proposed in the related art from the aspects of supply side, demand side, and the like, for example, a peak shaving power supply and an energy storage manner are adopted to cope with the intermittency and fluctuation of the renewable energy sources. In many solutions, the integrated energy system operates in coordination with various energy sources such as electricity, gas, heat, wind, light, etc., the energy conversion mode is flexible, and the integrated energy system is beneficial to improving the energy utilization rate in terms of cost and reliability.
In the multi-energy coordinated operation scheme, the total amount of related energy is the largest, the energy conversion mode is flexible, the energy transmission range is the coordinated operation of the bidirectional energy flow of the power grid and the gas grid, the electric-gas bidirectional energy flow system converts electric energy into chemical energy in hydrogen or methane when the electric power is surplus, and converts the chemical energy of gas in the natural gas grid into electric energy when the electric power is in shortage, so that the efficient and reasonable configuration of resources is completed, and the energy utilization rate is improved. In order to realize the optimal allocation of resources, the capacity scales of various energy sources including an electric-pneumatic bidirectional energy flow system in the integrated energy system are often required to be planned, but in actual production and life, the planning and the use periods of the electric-pneumatic bidirectional energy flow system and P2G (Power to gas electric) equipment are different, and the difficulty in planning the capacity of various energy sources in the integrated energy system is increased. In the related technology, a plurality of energy sources such as electricity-to-gas and gas-to-electricity are simultaneously planned, and the relationship between the resource utilization rate of a P2G plant and the investment cost is difficult to balance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for planning a plant of an integrated energy system P2G with bidirectional power flow, which overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems, so as to reasonably plan the capacity of a P2G plant, the method comprising:
aiming at a power system, a natural gas system and a bidirectional energy flow system in a comprehensive energy system, respectively establishing a power system model, a natural gas system model and a bidirectional energy flow system model, and establishing a P2G plant station optimization planning model; the power system model is used for representing a power flow equation of a power system, the natural gas system model is used for representing a natural gas flow equation of a natural gas system, the bidirectional energy flow system model is used for representing an energy conversion relation of electricity to gas and an energy conversion relation of gas to electricity, and the P2G plant station optimization planning model is used for setting a target function and a constraint condition;
solving the P2G plant station optimization planning model based on the physical power flow relation among the power system model, the natural gas system model and the bidirectional energy flow system model by taking the minimum sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operation cost of the comprehensive energy system as an objective function to obtain the capacity of a P2G plant station in the comprehensive energy system;
wherein the annual operating costs include at least: annual wind abandonment cost and annual gas purchase cost.
Optionally, the step of solving the P2G plant optimization planning model based on a physical power flow relationship among the power system model, the natural gas system model, and the bidirectional energy flow system model with a minimum sum of an annual investment cost and an annual operating cost of the integrated energy system as an objective function to obtain a capacity of a P2G plant in the integrated energy system includes:
initializing a particle swarm and randomly generating P2G station capacity;
and taking the minimum sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operation cost of the comprehensive energy system as an objective function, calculating power flow and gas flow in a coupling system by utilizing a particle swarm optimization algorithm and using mass-free particles in a physical power flow relation space formed among the power system model, the natural gas system model and the bidirectional energy flow system model, and searching for an optimal solution through iterative update of the speed and the position of each particle to obtain the capacity of a P2G plant station in the comprehensive energy system.
Optionally, establishing a power system model includes:
Figure BDA0003143941130000031
Figure BDA0003143941130000032
under the condition that the comprehensive energy system comprises wind power output and generator output, establishing a power flow equation of the power system:
wherein ,Pg,iIs the active power, P, of the generator set injection node iw,iIs the active power, Q, of the wind turbine generator injected into node ig,iIs the reactive power of the generator set injected into node i, node j is all nodes connected to node i, GijIs the conductance in the system, BijIs the susceptance, θ, in the systemijIs the phase angle difference between node i and node j, VjIs the voltage of node j, ViIs the voltage at node i.
Optionally, establishing a natural gas system model, including:
establishing an equation describing the relation between the tidal current and the node air pressure in the natural gas pipeline:
Figure BDA0003143941130000033
Figure BDA0003143941130000034
Figure BDA0003143941130000035
wherein ,FuvFor natural gas pipeline flow, sgn (pi)u,πv) As a function of the sign, piuIs the pressure at the pipe node u, pivIs the pressure at the pipe node v, CuvIs the pipe constant of the pipe between pipe node u and pipe node v,π uis the lower limit value of the pressure at the pipe node u,
Figure BDA0003143941130000036
is the upper limit of the pressure at the pipe node u.
Optionally, establishing a bidirectional energy flow system model includes: establishing an energy conversion relation of converting electric energy into gas energy according to a chemical reaction formula of an electricity-to-gas technology:
Figure BDA0003143941130000037
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003143941130000038
is the power consumption of the plant at time P2G,
Figure BDA0003143941130000039
is the natural gas flow generated by the two-way energy flow system at the time t, alphagasIs the unit conversion coefficient, eta, of the electric energy and natural gas flowp2gIs the energy conversion efficiency of the P2G plant;
establishing an energy conversion relation for converting gas energy into electric energy according to a chemical reaction formula of a gas-to-electricity technology:
Pi,t,gas＝ηG2P×GLi,t,gas
wherein ,Pi,t,gasIs the power generation amount, eta, of the gas turbine at time tG2PThe conversion efficiency of the gas turbine is G, the natural gas flow is G, and L is a unit conversion coefficient for converting the natural gas into the electric energy.
Optionally, the establishing of the P2G plant station optimization planning model includes:
setting an objective function of a P2G plant station planning model to be the minimum sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operation cost of the electric-gas bidirectional energy flow system according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003143941130000041
wherein ,CtotalIs the sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operating cost, T is the annual return on investment, r is the interest rate, CihvIs the total cost of investment, CopIs the annual operating cost.
Optionally, the method further includes:
taking the sum of the investment cost of the power system, the investment cost of the natural gas system and the investment cost of the P2G plant station as the total investment cost, and calculating the total investment cost by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003143941130000042
wherein ,CinvIs the total cost of investment, ELIs a set of power lines, GLIs a natural gas line set, PGIs a set of P2G plants,
Figure BDA0003143941130000043
is the investment cost of newly-built electric power circuit l,
Figure BDA0003143941130000044
is the investment cost of the natural gas line p,
Figure BDA0003143941130000045
is the investment cost of newly-built P2G station n,
Figure BDA0003143941130000046
is the commissioning status of the power line l,
Figure BDA0003143941130000047
is the commissioning status of the natural gas line p,
Figure BDA0003143941130000048
is the commissioning status of P2G plant station n.
Wherein, the commissioning status 1 represents commissioning, and the commissioning status 0 represents non-commissioning.
Optionally, the method further includes:
taking the sum of the annual wind power output cost, the annual station operating cost of P2G plant, the annual wind abandoning cost, the annual output cost of the traditional generator set and the annual output cost of the gas well as the annual operating cost, and calculating the annual operating cost by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003143941130000049
wherein ,
Figure BDA00031439411300000410
is the annual output cost of the wind power,
Figure BDA00031439411300000411
the annual operating cost of P2G plant station,
Figure BDA00031439411300000412
Is the cost of annual wind abandonment、
Figure BDA0003143941130000051
Is the annual output cost of the traditional generator set,
Figure BDA0003143941130000052
is the annual gas well production cost.
Optionally, the method further includes:
according to the capacity of the wind turbine generator, the unit wind abandoning cost of the wind turbine generator, the unit output at the moment t of the wind turbine generator and the power load at the moment t, the annual wind abandoning cost is calculated:
Figure BDA0003143941130000053
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003143941130000054
annual wind abandon cost, NdaysIs the total number of days of the year, WDIs a collection of wind power generation sets,
Figure BDA0003143941130000055
is the unit wind abandoning cost of the wind turbine generator a,
Figure BDA0003143941130000056
is the output of the wind turbine generator a at the typical day t moment, Pload(t) is the typical day time t power load size;
calculating the annual wind power output cost according to the capacity of the wind turbine generator, the unit output cost of the wind turbine generator and the unit output size of the wind turbine generator at the time t:
Figure BDA0003143941130000057
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003143941130000058
is the annual output cost of the wind power,Ndaysis the total number of days of the year, WDIs a collection of wind power generation sets,
Figure BDA0003143941130000059
is the unit output cost of the wind turbine generator a,
Figure BDA00031439411300000510
the output of the wind turbine generator a at the time t of a typical day;
according to the capacity of the traditional generator set, the unit output cost of the traditional generator set and the unit output size of the traditional generator set at the moment t, the annual output cost of the traditional generator set is calculated:
Figure BDA00031439411300000511
wherein ,
Figure BDA00031439411300000512
is the annual output cost of the traditional generator set, NdaysIs the total number of days of the year, WGIs a collection of conventional generator sets and is,
Figure BDA00031439411300000513
is the unit output cost of the traditional generating set b,
Figure BDA00031439411300000514
the output of the traditional generator set b at the time t of a typical day;
Figure BDA00031439411300000515
calculating the annual output cost of the gas well according to the capacity of the gas well, the unit output cost of the gas source point and the unit output size of the gas source point at the time t:
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003143941130000061
is the annual output of gas wellCost, NdaysIs the total number of days of the year, WSIs a collection of gas wells that are,
Figure BDA0003143941130000062
is the unit output cost of the source point c,
Figure BDA0003143941130000063
the output of the air source point c at the typical day t moment; wherein the annual gas well production cost, i.e., the annual gas purchase cost;
and calculating the annual operating cost of the P2G plant station according to the capacity of the P2G plant station.
According to the technical scheme, the comprehensive energy system P2G plant planning method suitable for the bidirectional energy flow is provided, the comprehensive energy system model comprising the power system, the natural gas system and the electricity-gas bidirectional energy flow system is established, the P2G plant optimization planning model is used for setting the objective function and the constraint condition, the minimum sum of the annual investment cost and the annual running cost is taken as the objective function, the P2G plant optimization planning model is solved according to the physical power flow relation in the comprehensive energy system model, and the capacity of the P2G plant in the comprehensive energy system is determined. The wind curtailment quantity is converted into a calculable wind curtailment cost, the calculated wind curtailment cost and the economic benefit cost are comprehensively considered, the minimization of wind power waste and the maximization of the economic benefit are simultaneously achieved, the capacity of a P2G plant station can be reasonably and efficiently planned, and the comprehensive energy system can obtain better economic benefit on the premise of maximally absorbing the surplus wind power.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a station planning method of an integrated energy system P2G suitable for bidirectional energy flow according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power body connection of an integrated power system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of typical daily operating loads and outputs of an integrated energy system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of typical solar wind power utilization of an integrated energy system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating steps for solving a P2G plant optimization planning model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of a station planning apparatus of an integrated energy system P2G suitable for bidirectional energy flow according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The P2G technology is a renewable energy power generation technology that converts electricity into gas energy. In a narrow sense, the residual electric power generated by wind power generation, solar power generation and the like is used for electrolyzing water to generate hydrogen or methane, and then the hydrogen or methane is supplied to the existing gas pipeline network. P2G technologies mainly include class 2: one is the electro-hydrogen technology, which decomposes water into oxygen and hydrogen by electrolytic reaction. The other is an electric methane conversion technique, i.e. water is first decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen by an electrolytic reaction, and then the hydrogen and carbon dioxide are reacted to synthesize methane. The reaction efficiency of the electricity-to-hydrogen technology is higher than that of the electricity-to-methane technology, but the hydrogen is injected into the existing natural gas pipeline to cause the phenomena of hydrogen brittleness and permeation of the pipeline, so that the hydrogen cannot be injected into the natural gas pipeline on a large scale, and the methane can be directly injected into the natural gas pipeline and a storage device, thereby realizing the large-scale storage and the long-distance transportation of energy. Therefore, the technology of converting electricity into gas in an integrated energy system generally refers to the technology of converting electricity into methane, and the technology provides a new idea for the mass storage and utilization of renewable energy sources: surplus electric energy is converted into artificial natural gas through the P2G equipment, the artificial natural gas is injected into a natural gas network for storage and transmission, and the capacity of the system for receiving intermittent renewable energy sources for power generation is improved by coordinating the operation between a power system and the natural gas network. Therefore, the P2G technology is an energy conversion hub in a bidirectional energy flow system of a power grid and an air grid.
Research on an electro-pneumatic bidirectional energy flow system in the related art mainly focuses on two aspects of collaborative planning and joint operation. The common method aims at reducing investment cost and increasing operation benefit, and simultaneously plans and schedules a plurality of energy sources in the whole energy system, so that the economy of the energy system can be improved to a certain extent. However, the inventor finds that although planning of the P2G plant capacity is involved in the related art, since planning is generally performed with the aim of optimizing the overall economy of the energy system and no consideration is given to the contradiction between the system excess wind power consumption level and the P2G plant construction economy, the P2G plant capacity is insufficient to cause waste of a large amount of abandoned wind, or the P2G plant capacity is excessive to cause excessively high construction and maintenance costs. Therefore, the inventor considers that wind power waste and total cost are comprehensively considered on the basis of the scale of the existing wind power plant and the wind power utilization rate, the capacity of the P2G plant station in the comprehensive energy system of the bidirectional energy flow is planned, good economic benefits can be obtained on the premise that surplus wind power is consumed as much as possible, and the practical significance of practical application is achieved.
In view of the analysis of the above problems, this embodiment provides a plant planning method for a P2G plant of an integrated energy system suitable for bidirectional energy flow, which includes establishing an integrated energy system model including an electric power system, a natural gas system, and an electric-gas bidirectional energy flow system, setting an objective function and a constraint condition by using a P2G plant optimization planning model, and solving the P2G plant optimization planning model according to a physical power flow relationship in the integrated energy system model with the minimum sum of annual investment cost and annual operating cost as an objective function to determine the capacity of the P2G plant in the integrated energy system. The wind curtailment quantity is converted into a calculable wind curtailment cost, the calculated wind curtailment cost and the economic benefit cost are comprehensively considered, the minimization of wind power waste and the maximization of the economic benefit are simultaneously achieved, the capacity of a P2G plant station can be reasonably and efficiently planned, and the comprehensive energy system can obtain better economic benefit on the premise of maximally absorbing the surplus wind power.
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a station planning method of an integrated energy system P2G applicable to bidirectional energy flow according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the steps of:
s31, aiming at a power system, a natural gas system and a bidirectional energy flow system in the comprehensive energy system, respectively establishing a power system model, a natural gas system model and a bidirectional energy flow system model, and establishing a P2G plant station optimization planning model; the power system model is used for representing a power flow equation of a power system, the natural gas system model is used for representing a natural gas flow equation of a natural gas system, the bidirectional energy flow system model is used for representing an energy conversion relation of electricity to gas and an energy conversion relation of gas to electricity, and the P2G plant station optimization planning model is used for setting a target function and a constraint condition.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of energy body connection of an integrated energy system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment proposes a simulation of the connection relationship of the energy bodies of the integrated energy system, where Q is a natural gas source, G4 is a gas burner, G2 is a blower, G3 is an electric-to-gas generator set, and G1 is a conventional generator set. The rest N1/2/3 … …, T1/2/3 … … and B1/2/3 … … are nodes in the integrated energy system. The method can be used for simulating the connection relation of the energy bodies based on the comprehensive energy system, and further establishing a power system model, a natural gas system model and a bidirectional energy flow system model respectively to realize abstract simplification of the comprehensive energy system; after modeling, an IEEE node standard power distribution system can be substituted for calculation, and the capacity and the line impedance of each energy source body are input into the node system to obtain the power and the gas flow of the electricity and the gas in the node system, so that the formed node system meets the operation constraint of the system. The power system model, the natural gas system model and the bidirectional energy flow system model form the whole system, and energy conservation and power flow constraint of the system are met based on a certain conversion coefficient.
The conversion between gas energy and electric energy is realized between the power system and the natural gas system through a bidirectional energy flow system. The bidirectional energy flow system at least comprises equipment for converting gas energy into electric energy and equipment for converting electric energy into gas energy. Wherein, the device for converting gas energy into electric energy can be a gas turbine; the device for converting the electric energy into the gas energy can be a P2G plant station.
Wherein the objective function may include reducing the reject air volume and reducing the cost. Specifically, the wind curtailment cost and the gas purchase cost may be considered as a part of the operation cost, and then the minimum sum of the investment cost and the operation cost may be considered as an objective function.
The traditional electricity-gas energy flow system realizes the unidirectional flow of energy from electric energy to gas energy only by depending on a gas turbine, and the appearance of the P2G technology enables the electricity-gas system to be changed from the unidirectional energy flow system from the electric energy to the gas energy into a closed-loop bidirectional energy flow system containing gas-to-electricity and electricity-to-gas, so that the interactivity among different energy systems is improved, and the reasonable distribution of energy supply is facilitated.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the comprehensive energy system containing the electricity-gas bidirectional energy flow is divided into the power system, the natural gas system and the bidirectional energy flow system to establish corresponding models, so that further calculation aiming at model load flows is conveniently realized. In the embodiment, a P2G plant station optimization planning model for solving one of the consistent P2G capacities in the bidirectional energy flow system is established, so that the optimal P2G capacity is calculated and obtained on the basis of the existing wind power plant scale and the wind power utilization rate, and better economic benefit is obtained on the premise of minimizing the waste of wind power. Wherein, the capacity of the P2G station, i.e., the power of the P2G station, is used to characterize the size of the P2G station.
In this embodiment, the power generation amount of the power system can be divided into wind power output and generator output, wherein the generator can be a conventional generator such as a coal-fired generator that can stably and continuously generate power. In order to facilitate the solution of the P2G plant station optimization planning model, an energy conversion relationship between the power system and the natural gas system, which is implemented by using the bidirectional energy flow system, is regarded as a power flow relationship, so in an optional implementation manner, the present invention further provides a method for building a power system model according to the power flow relationship, including:
under the condition that the comprehensive energy system comprises wind power output and generator output, establishing a power flow equation of the power system:
Figure BDA0003143941130000101
Figure BDA0003143941130000102
wherein ,Pg,iIs the active power, P, of the generator set injection node iw,iIs the active power, Q, of the wind turbine generator injected into node ig,iIs the reactive power of the generator set injected into node i, node j is all nodes connected to node i, GijIs the conductance in the system, BijIs the susceptance, θ, in the systemijIs the phase angle difference between node i and node j, VjIs the voltage of node j, ViIs the voltage at node i.
The inventor considers that the number of the wind turbines determines the electric energy output of the electric field in the building process of the actual wind power field. Therefore, to further facilitate the solution calculation of the P2G plant station optimization planning model, in this embodiment, for the wind power generation model, the output of multiple wind turbines may also be reduced to the output of a single wind turbine.
Further, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for obtaining a power generation amount of a single wind turbine, including:
1) under the condition that the real-time speed of the fan is less than the cut-in speed, the output of a single wind motor is 0;
2) under the condition that the real-time speed of the fan is less than or equal to the cut-out speed and greater than or equal to the rated speed, the output of a single wind motor is rated output power;
3) under the condition that the real-time speed of the fan is greater than the cut-out speed, the output of a single wind motor is 0;
4) under the condition that the real-time speed of the fan is less than or equal to the rated speed and is greater than or equal to the cut-in speed, the output of a single wind turbine is calculated according to the following formula:
Pw＝α+βv3
wherein ,PwIs the output of a single wind turbine, alpha is the deviation value, beta is the gradient value, and v is the real-time speed of the wind turbine.
Similarly, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for building a natural gas system model according to a trend relationship, including:
Figure BDA0003143941130000111
Figure BDA0003143941130000112
Figure BDA0003143941130000113
establishing an equation describing the relation between the tidal current and the node air pressure in the natural gas pipeline:
wherein ,FuvFor natural gas pipeline flow, sgn (pi)u,πv) As a function of the sign, piuIs the pressure at the pipe node u, pivIs the pressure at the pipe node v, CuvIs the pipe constant of the pipe between pipe node u and pipe node v,π uis the lower limit value of the pressure at the pipe node u,
Figure BDA0003143941130000114
is the upper limit of the pressure at the pipe node u.
In this embodiment, the flow relationship in the natural gas pipeline is described by using the node air pressure, and the flow rates of various places in the natural gas pipeline can be described, which is beneficial to completing establishment of the flow relationship between the natural gas system and the power system and solving of the P2G plant station optimization planning model.
In an optional embodiment, the natural gas system model may further describe the gas production rate of the natural gas source according to the limitations of the equipment capacity and the gas well gas pressure
Figure BDA0003143941130000115
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003143941130000116
is the gas output of the gas supply source s at the time t,
Figure BDA0003143941130000117
is the upper limit value of the gas output of the gas supply source s,
Figure BDA0003143941130000118
is the lower limit of the gas output of the gas supply source s.
Through the embodiment, the gas production rate of the natural gas source is limited, and the tidal current relation of the natural gas system can be further accurately described.
The inventor considers that the energy flow in the natural gas is similar to that of an electric power system, the node flow in the gas transmission pipeline also follows the energy conservation principle, and the trend relation in the natural gas system can be further enriched on the basis of the principle, so that the accuracy of solving the P2G plant station optimization planning model is improved. Therefore, in this embodiment, the natural gas system model may further include a nodal gas balance equation expressed by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003143941130000121
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003143941130000122
for the air supply amount of the air source at the node u,
Figure BDA0003143941130000123
for P2G plant capacity at node u,
Figure BDA0003143941130000124
is the gas demand for the gas pipe network at the node u
Figure BDA0003143941130000125
Is the gas consumption of the gas turbine at node u,
Figure BDA0003143941130000126
is the gas flow from node u to node v.
Natural gas flows in a natural gas system, and the flow rate of the natural gas is usually expressed by volume; the electric power system actually flows electric charge, and the amount of electricity can be expressed in various forms such as an amount of electric charge, electric work, and the like. The inventor considers that when the P2G plant station optimization planning model is subsequently solved, the energy quantity is required to be used as a variable for cost calculation, and the subsequent calculation can be facilitated by expressing the physical power flow relation between the natural gas system and the power system in units of energy. Therefore, in an alternative embodiment, the present invention further provides a method for building a bidirectional energy flow system model based on an energy conversion relationship, including:
establishing an energy conversion relation of converting electric energy into gas energy according to a chemical reaction formula of an electricity-to-gas technology:
Figure BDA0003143941130000127
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003143941130000128
is the power consumption of the plant at time P2G,
Figure BDA0003143941130000129
is the natural gas flow generated by the two-way energy flow system at the time t, alphagasIs the unit conversion coefficient, eta, of the electric energy and natural gas flowp2gIs the energy of P2G plant(ii) quantitative conversion efficiency;
establishing an energy conversion relation for converting gas energy into electric energy according to a chemical reaction formula of a gas-to-electricity technology:
Pi,t,gas＝ηG2P×GLi,t,gas
wherein ,Pi,t,gasIs the power generation amount, eta, of the gas turbine at time tG2PThe conversion efficiency of the gas turbine is G, the natural gas flow is G, and L is a unit conversion coefficient for converting the natural gas into the electric energy.
Specifically, considering that the fuel gas in the natural gas pipeline is mainly methane in the embodiment, and the P2G plant converts the electric energy into methane, in the embodiment, the energy conversion relation can be established for the following chemical reaction formula for electrolyzing water and carbon dioxide to generate methane:
Figure BDA0003143941130000131
CO2+4H2→CH4+2H2O
Figure BDA0003143941130000132
there is also a limit to the conversion efficiency of P2G plant when it is working normally. Therefore, in this embodiment, the bidirectional energy flow system model can also describe the limitation of the electric power required by the P2G plant station to operate according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003143941130000133
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003143941130000134
is the electrical power required by the plant at time P2G,
Figure BDA0003143941130000135
is the minimum electrical power required for the P2G plant to function properly,
Figure BDA0003143941130000136
is the maximum electrical power required for the P2G plant to function properly.
By the embodiment, the limitation of the electric power required by the operation of the P2G plant station is described, and the power flow conversion relationship between the natural gas and the electric energy realized in the bidirectional energy flow system model can be enriched further according to the actual situation of the P2G plant station.
The bidirectional energy flow system model in the above embodiment describes a conversion relationship from electric energy to natural gas energy, and in another energy conversion of the bidirectional energy flow system model, a conversion relationship from natural gas energy to electric energy is also included, and the conversion from natural gas energy to electric energy is usually performed by a gas turbine set. Therefore, in an alternative embodiment, the bidirectional energy flow system model further includes: the gas turbine set conversion model at least comprises an energy conversion relation of converting gas energy into electric energy:
Pi,t,gas＝ηG2P×GLi,t,gas
wherein ,Pi,t,gasIs the power generation amount, eta, of the gas turbine at time tG2PThe conversion efficiency of the gas turbine is G, the natural gas flow is G, and L is a unit conversion coefficient for converting the natural gas into the electric energy.
Specifically, a gas turbine in a gas turbine set generates electricity through natural gas, the gas turbine set is an energy supply end for an electric power system, the gas turbine set is an energy consumption end for a natural gas system, and the electric energy production is in direct proportion to the natural gas consumption.
In order to fully consider the consumption rate of wind power and the overall economic benefit of the comprehensive energy system, in this embodiment, the waste of wind power is counted as the wind abandoning cost, and the natural gas cost which is used for making up the loss is counted as the gas purchasing cost. In order to further improve the accuracy of planning and solving, the embodiment also considers the loss and the actual service life of the equipment in the time dimension, calculates the cost by taking years as time units, divides the total cost into annual investment cost and annual operation cost, and counts the annual wind abandoning cost and the annual gas purchasing cost into the annual operation cost. Therefore, in an alternative embodiment, the present invention further provides a method for building a P2G plant optimization planning model, including:
setting an objective function of a P2G plant station planning model to be the minimum sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operation cost of the electric-gas bidirectional energy flow system according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003143941130000141
wherein ,CtotalIs the sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operating cost, T is the annual return on investment, r is the interest rate, CinvIs the total cost of investment, CopIs the annual operating cost.
In the embodiment, considering that the loss rate of the equipment is reduced year by year, the annual investment cost is different, the sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operation cost is calculated, the cost can be reflected more accurately, and meanwhile, considering the profit which can be realized before the current year by the cost balance, the influence of interest rate is introduced, and the accurate planning of the P2G plant station capacity is further realized.
For example, the return on investment age may be set to 15 and the interest rate may be set to 5%.
In this embodiment, the constraint condition is used to constrain each energy entity in the integrated energy system, so as to implement the planning of the capacity of the P2G plant under a reasonable constraint condition. The constraint condition may specifically include: the constraint conditions of the power system, the constraint conditions of the natural gas system and the constraint conditions of the wind power plant.
Further, setting the constraint condition of the power system may specifically include:
the generator output constraints, the power system node voltage constraints and the line power constraints are set according to the following formulas:
Figure BDA0003143941130000142
Figure BDA0003143941130000143
Figure BDA0003143941130000144
wherein ,ALAs a set of all the generator sets,
Figure BDA0003143941130000145
is the a-th genset output in the set at a typical time of day t,
Figure BDA0003143941130000146
is the lower limit value of the output of the a-th generating set in the set,
Figure BDA0003143941130000147
is the output upper limit value of the a-th generating set in the set;
Figure BDA0003143941130000151
is the upper voltage limit, V, at node i in the power systemi(t) is the voltage value at node i in the power system at a typical time of day t,
Figure BDA0003143941130000152
is the lower voltage limit at node i in the power system;
Figure BDA0003143941130000153
is the upper limit value of the power transmission line between node i and node j of the power system, Pij(t) is the power transmitted between power system node i and node j at a typical time of day t,
Figure BDA0003143941130000154
and the lower limit value of the power transmission line between the node i and the node j of the power system.
In this embodiment, a power flow balance constraint of the power system may also be set according to a power flow equation of the power system.
Further, setting the constraint conditions of the natural gas system comprises: setting network node pressure constraints and pipeline flow constraints in a natural gas system according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003143941130000155
Figure BDA0003143941130000156
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003143941130000157
is the minimum value of the pressure, pi, of the system node uu(t) is the pressure value at system node u at a typical time of day t,
Figure BDA0003143941130000158
is the maximum pressure at system node u;
Figure BDA0003143941130000159
is the upper limit value of the flow between the uv of the gas transmission pipeline, fuv(t) is the value of the flow between the gas lines uv at a typical time t of day,
Figure BDA00031439411300001510
is the lower limit value of the flow between the gas transmission pipelines uv.
In this embodiment, a flow balance constraint in the natural gas system may also be set according to a relationship between a tidal current in the natural gas pipeline and a node gas pressure.
Further, establishing a constraint condition of wind power plant output, including:
Figure BDA00031439411300001511
Figure BDA00031439411300001512
Figure BDA00031439411300001513
wherein ,Pw(t) is the output of a single wind turbine at time t,
Figure BDA00031439411300001514
the upper limit value of the output force of the single wind turbine generator at the moment t;
Gp2g(t) is the output of the P2G plant standing at time t,
Figure BDA00031439411300001515
is the upper limit value of the output force of the P2G plant station at the time t;
Figure BDA00031439411300001516
is the power of wind power sent into a P2G unit,
Figure BDA00031439411300001517
is the power of the wind power grid at the moment t,
Figure BDA00031439411300001518
is the total wind power output at time t.
The time t in the above embodiments may be understood as a certain time period in a typical day, and specifically may be in units of hours. The typical day may be a day which best meets the use conditions of each energy body in most cases in the actual operation of the comprehensive energy system, or may be a virtual day generated by fitting the use conditions of each energy body in many days in the actual operation of the comprehensive energy system.
S32, solving the P2G plant station optimization planning model by taking the minimum sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operation cost of the comprehensive energy system as an objective function and based on the physical power flow relation among the power system model, the natural gas system model and the bidirectional energy flow system model to obtain the capacity of a P2G plant station in the comprehensive energy system; wherein the annual operating costs include at least: annual wind abandonment cost and annual gas purchase cost.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of typical daily operating load and output of an integrated energy system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, based on the reference value of the typical day, in this embodiment, the power load condition, the wind power output condition, and the natural gas load condition at each time can be obtained according to the operating condition of the integrated energy system on the typical day. In this embodiment, the power load condition, the wind power output condition, and the natural gas load condition at each time may be used as parameter variables for solving the P2G plant optimization planning model. And further, the wind power utilization rate can be obtained according to the power load condition, the wind power output condition and the natural gas load condition.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of typical solar wind power utilization rate of an integrated energy system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, based on the reference value of a typical day, in this embodiment, the wind power utilization rate may also be used as a parameter variable for solving the P2G plant optimization planning model. And after the P2G plant station optimization planning model is solved, the typical daily wind power utilization rate can be used as a reference, and the higher the wind power utilization rate is, the higher the wind power consumption capacity of the wind power plant is, the less the abandoned wind is, and the lower the wind power waste rate is.
In this embodiment, the established P2G plant Optimization planning model may be set as a nonlinear Optimization problem, and an intelligent Optimization algorithm of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to solve the problem, so as to implement more efficient solution. Therefore, in an alternative embodiment, the present invention further provides a method for solving a P2G plant optimization planning model, including:
initializing a particle swarm and randomly generating P2G station capacity;
and taking the minimum sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operation cost of the comprehensive energy system as an objective function, calculating power flow and gas flow in a coupling system by utilizing a particle swarm optimization algorithm and using mass-free particles in a physical power flow relation space formed among the power system model, the natural gas system model and the bidirectional energy flow system model, and searching for an optimal solution through iterative update of the speed and the position of each particle to obtain the capacity of a P2G plant station in the comprehensive energy system.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a step of outputting an optimal P2G capacity value according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, specifically, outputting at least one optimal value through iterative update of the velocity and the position of each particle includes:
s41, setting basic conditions such as population scale, iteration times and the like;
s42, initializing a particle swarm and randomly generating P2G station capacity;
s43, calculating power flow and gas flow in the coupling system by using each particle;
s44, calculating the fitness value of each particle by using the objective function; whether the constraint is satisfied; if yes, go to S45; if not, the process goes to S46;
s45, storing the fitness value of the current particle, and entering 47;
s46, assigning a maximum fitness value to the particle, and entering S47;
s47, obtaining pbest and gbset according to the fitness value;
s48, updating the position and the speed of the particle by using a position updating formula;
s49, whether the maximum iteration number is reached; if yes, outputting the optimal capacity of the P2G plant station; if not, the process proceeds to S43.
According to the embodiment, the objective function is abstracted into a mathematical problem, namely, the optimal solution is solved in a domain, the variable is the capacity of the P2G plant station, the dependent variable is the minimum cost, the variable parameters in the model are set according to the typical daily running condition, the wind power scale, the wind power utilization rate and the like of the existing comprehensive energy system and are taken into the objective function, and the capacity of the P2G plant station with the minimum cost of the wind abandonment can be efficiently obtained.
The above-described embodiment iteratively updates the velocity and position of each particle using the position update formula to output the P2G plant station optimal capacity. Further, in an alternative embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for iteratively updating the velocity and position of each particle, including:
iteratively updating the velocity and position of each particle by:
Figure BDA0003143941130000181
Figure BDA0003143941130000182
where ω is the inertia factor, c1,c2Represents a learning factor, r1,r2Is a random number between 0 and 1, pbest is the individual extremum of each particle, gbset is the global extremum of the entire particle population, V is the velocity variable, and X is the position variable.
In the above embodiment, the objective function can be set to the minimum sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operating cost through the plant optimization planning model of P2G, and the annual investment cost can be obtained according to the total investment cost.
Further, in an alternative embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for calculating a total investment cost, comprising:
taking the sum of the investment cost of the power system, the investment cost of the natural gas system and the investment cost of the P2G plant station as the total investment cost, and calculating the total investment cost by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003143941130000183
wherein ,CinvIs the total cost of investment, ELIs a set of power lines, GLIs a natural gas line set, PGIs a set of P2G plants,
Figure BDA0003143941130000184
is the investment cost of newly-built electric power circuit l,
Figure BDA0003143941130000185
is the investment cost of the natural gas line p,
Figure BDA0003143941130000186
is the investment cost of newly-built P2G station n,
Figure BDA0003143941130000187
is the commissioning status of the power line l,
Figure BDA0003143941130000188
is the commissioning status of the natural gas line p,
Figure BDA0003143941130000189
is the commissioning status of P2G plant station n.
Since the total investment cost is related to the equipment, the present embodiment introduces the commissioning status of each line and equipment by the number of the power lines, the natural gas lines, and the P2G plant stations, and calculates the sum of the investment cost of the power system, the investment cost of the natural gas system, and the investment cost of the P2G plant stations as the total investment cost.
Considering that the operating use of the P2G plant and the output of wind power, conventional generator sets, and gas wells as a natural gas source are the main operating costs, in an alternative embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for calculating the annual operating costs, comprising:
taking the sum of the annual wind power output cost, the annual station operating cost of P2G plant, the annual wind abandoning cost, the annual output cost of the traditional generator set and the annual output cost of the gas well as the annual operating cost, and calculating the annual operating cost by the following formula:
Figure BDA0003143941130000191
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003143941130000192
is the annual output cost of the wind power,
Figure BDA0003143941130000193
the annual operating cost of P2G plant station,
Figure BDA0003143941130000194
Is the cost of annual wind abandonment,
Figure BDA0003143941130000195
Is the annual output cost of the traditional generator set,
Figure BDA0003143941130000196
is the annual gas well production cost.
The P2G unit and the gas unit can be regarded as a natural gas source and loads, so that the output of the gas well can be regarded as the sum of all natural gas node loads.
Further, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for calculating an annual wind curtailment cost, including:
according to the capacity of the wind turbine generator, the unit wind abandoning cost of the wind turbine generator, the unit output at the moment t of the wind turbine generator and the power load at the moment t, the annual wind abandoning cost is calculated:
Figure BDA0003143941130000197
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003143941130000198
annual wind abandon cost, NdaysIs the total number of days of the year, WDIs a collection of wind power generation sets,
Figure BDA0003143941130000199
is the unit wind abandoning cost of the wind turbine generator a,
Figure BDA00031439411300001910
is the output of the wind turbine generator a at the typical day t moment, Pload(t) is the typical day time t power load size.
Further, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for calculating an annual wind power output cost, including:
calculating the annual wind power output cost according to the capacity of the wind turbine generator, the unit output cost of the wind turbine generator and the unit output size of the wind turbine generator at the time t:
Figure BDA00031439411300001911
wherein ,
Figure BDA00031439411300001912
is the annual wind power output cost, NdaysIs the total number of days of the year, WDIs a collection of wind power generation sets,
Figure BDA00031439411300001913
is the unit output cost of the wind turbine generator a,
Figure BDA00031439411300001914
the output of the wind turbine generator a at the time t of a typical day is shown.
Further, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for calculating an annual output cost of a conventional generator set, including:
according to the capacity of the traditional generator set, the unit output cost of the traditional generator set and the unit output size of the traditional generator set at the moment t, the annual output cost of the traditional generator set is calculated:
Figure BDA0003143941130000201
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003143941130000202
is the annual output cost of the traditional generator set,Ndaysis the total number of days of the year, WGIs a collection of conventional generator sets and is,
Figure BDA0003143941130000203
is the unit output cost of the traditional generating set b,
Figure BDA0003143941130000204
is the output of the traditional generator set b at the time t of a typical day.
Further, the embodiment of the invention also provides a method for calculating the annual output cost of the gas well, which comprises the following steps:
calculating the annual output cost of the gas well according to the capacity of the gas well, the unit output cost of the gas source point and the unit output size of the gas source point at the time t:
Figure BDA0003143941130000205
wherein ,
Figure BDA0003143941130000206
is the annual gas well output cost, NdaysIs the total number of days of the year, WSIs a collection of gas wells that are,
Figure BDA0003143941130000207
is the unit output cost of the source point c,
Figure BDA0003143941130000208
the output of the air source point c at the typical day t moment; among them, the annual gas well production cost, i.e., the annual gas purchase cost.
Further, according to the capacity of the P2G plant, the annual operating cost of the P2G plant can be calculated. Illustratively, the P2G plant annual operating cost is set to 10% of the P2G plant investment cost, depending on the capacity size of the P2G plant.
Wherein the P2G plant annual operating cost may comprise a carbon capture cost of the P2G plant.
Through the embodiment, in order to solve the problem of electric energy consumption of the existing wind power plant, the excess wind power is consumed to the maximum extent, the utilization rate of new energy of the system is improved, and meanwhile, the contradiction between high investment operation cost and good wind power consumption level of a bidirectional energy flow system is solved, so that the comprehensive energy system after planning and constructing the capacity of the P2G unit has good economy while consuming the excess wind power as much as possible. The invention optimizes and plans the P2G plant station, can promote reasonable resource allocation, and effectively has positive influence on environmental protection and energy supply.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a block diagram of a station planning apparatus of an integrated energy system P2G suitable for bidirectional energy flow according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, based on the same inventive concept, another embodiment of the present invention provides a plant planning apparatus for an integrated energy system P2G applicable to bidirectional energy flow, the apparatus comprising:
the model establishing module 61 is used for respectively establishing a power system model, a natural gas system model and a bidirectional energy flow system model aiming at a power system, a natural gas system and a bidirectional energy flow system in the comprehensive energy system, and establishing a P2G plant station optimization planning model; the power system model is used for representing a power flow equation of a power system, the natural gas system model is used for representing a natural gas flow equation of a natural gas system, the bidirectional energy flow system model is used for representing an energy conversion relation of electricity to gas and an energy conversion relation of gas to electricity, and the P2G plant station optimization planning model is used for setting a target function and a constraint condition;
the optimization solving module 62 is configured to solve the P2G plant optimization planning model based on a physical power flow relationship existing among the power system model, the natural gas system model and the bidirectional energy flow system model, with a minimum sum of an annual investment cost and an annual operation cost of the integrated energy system as an objective function, and obtain a capacity of a P2G plant in the integrated energy system; wherein the annual operating costs include at least: annual wind abandonment cost and annual gas purchase cost.
Based on the same inventive concept, another embodiment of the present invention provides a readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the method according to any of the above embodiments.
Based on the same inventive concept, another embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the electronic device implements the steps of the method according to any of the above embodiments.
For the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, refer to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive or descriptive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. Accordingly, embodiments of the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus, and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable terminal provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications of these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the true scope of the embodiments of the application.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.
The operation control method of the hybrid energy storage-containing comprehensive energy system provided by the application is introduced in detail, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A plant planning method for an integrated energy system P2G applicable to bidirectional energy flow is characterized by comprising the following steps:
aiming at a power system, a natural gas system and a bidirectional energy flow system in a comprehensive energy system, respectively establishing a power system model, a natural gas system model and a bidirectional energy flow system model, and establishing a P2G plant station optimization planning model; the power system model is used for representing a power flow equation of a power system, the natural gas system model is used for representing a natural gas flow equation of a natural gas system, the bidirectional energy flow system model is used for representing an energy conversion relation of electricity to gas and an energy conversion relation of gas to electricity, and the P2G plant station optimization planning model is used for setting a target function and a constraint condition;
solving the P2G plant station optimization planning model based on the physical power flow relation among the power system model, the natural gas system model and the bidirectional energy flow system model by taking the minimum sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operation cost of the comprehensive energy system as an objective function to obtain the capacity of a P2G plant station in the comprehensive energy system;
wherein the annual operating costs include at least: annual wind abandonment cost and annual gas purchase cost.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein solving the P2G plant optimization planning model based on the physical power flow relationship existing among the power system model, the natural gas system model, and the bidirectional energy flow system model with the least sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operating cost of the integrated energy system as an objective function to obtain the capacity of a P2G plant in the integrated energy system comprises:
initializing a particle swarm and randomly generating P2G station capacity;
and taking the minimum sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operation cost of the comprehensive energy system as an objective function, calculating power flow and gas flow in a coupling system by utilizing a particle swarm optimization algorithm and using mass-free particles in a physical power flow relation space formed among the power system model, the natural gas system model and the bidirectional energy flow system model, and searching for an optimal solution through iterative update of the speed and the position of each particle to obtain the capacity of a P2G plant station in the comprehensive energy system.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein modeling the power system comprises:
under the condition that the comprehensive energy system comprises wind power output and generator output, establishing a power flow equation of the power system:
Figure FDA0003143941120000021
Figure FDA0003143941120000022
wherein ,Pg，iIs the active power, P, of the generator set injection node iw，iIs the active power, Q, of the wind turbine generator injected into node ig，iIs the reactive power of the generator set injected into node i, node j is all nodes connected to node i, GijIs the conductance in the system, BijIs the susceptance, θ, in the systemijIs the phase angle difference between node i and node j, VjIs the voltage of node j, ViIs the voltage at node i.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein modeling the natural gas system comprises:
establishing an equation describing the relation between the tidal current and the node air pressure in the natural gas pipeline:
Figure FDA0003143941120000023
Figure FDA0003143941120000024
Figure FDA0003143941120000025
wherein ,FuvFor natural gas pipeline flow, sgn (pi)u，πv) As a function of the sign, piuIs the pressure at the pipe node u, pivIs the pressure at the pipe node v, CuvIs the pipe constant of the pipe between pipe node u and pipe node v,π uis the lower limit value of the pressure at the pipe node u,
Figure FDA0003143941120000026
is the upper limit of the pressure at the pipe node u.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein building a bidirectional energy flow system model comprises: establishing an energy conversion relation of converting electric energy into gas energy according to a chemical reaction formula of an electricity-to-gas technology:
Figure FDA0003143941120000031
wherein ,
Figure FDA00031439411200000311
is the power consumption of the plant at time P2G,
Figure FDA0003143941120000032
is the natural gas flow generated by the two-way energy flow system at the time t, alphagasIs the unit conversion coefficient, eta, of the electric energy and natural gas flowp2gIs the energy conversion efficiency of the P2G plant;
establishing an energy conversion relation for converting gas energy into electric energy according to a chemical reaction formula of a gas-to-electricity technology:
Pi，t，gas＝ηG2P×GLi，t，gas
wherein ,Pi，t，gasIs the power generation amount, eta, of the gas turbine at time tG2PThe conversion efficiency of the gas turbine is G, the natural gas flow is G, and L is a unit conversion coefficient for converting the natural gas into the electric energy.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein building a P2G plant optimization planning model comprises:
setting an objective function of a P2G plant station planning model to be the minimum sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operation cost of the electric-gas bidirectional energy flow system according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003143941120000033
wherein ,CtotalIs the sum of the annual investment cost and the annual operating cost, T is the annual return on investment, r is the interest rate, CinvIs the total cost of investment, CopIs the annual operating cost.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
taking the sum of the investment cost of the power system, the investment cost of the natural gas system and the investment cost of the P2G plant station as the total investment cost, and calculating the total investment cost by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003143941120000034
wherein ,CinvIs the total cost of investment, ELIs a set of power lines, GLIs a natural gas line set, PGIs a set of P2G plants,
Figure FDA0003143941120000035
is the investment cost of newly-built electric power circuit l,
Figure FDA0003143941120000036
is the investment cost of the natural gas line p,
Figure FDA0003143941120000037
is the investment cost of newly-built P2G station n,
Figure FDA0003143941120000038
is the commissioning status of the power line l,
Figure FDA0003143941120000039
is the commissioning status of the natural gas line p,
Figure FDA00031439411200000310
is the commissioning status of P2G plant station n.
8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
taking the sum of the annual wind power output cost, the annual station operating cost of P2G plant, the annual wind abandoning cost, the annual output cost of the traditional generator set and the annual output cost of the gas well as the annual operating cost, and calculating the annual operating cost by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003143941120000041
wherein ,
Figure FDA0003143941120000042
is the annual output cost of the wind power,
Figure FDA0003143941120000043
the annual operating cost of P2G plant station,
Figure FDA0003143941120000044
Is the cost of annual wind abandonment,
Figure FDA0003143941120000045
Is the annual output cost of the traditional generator set,
Figure FDA0003143941120000046
is the annual gas well production cost.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
according to the capacity of the wind turbine generator, the unit wind abandoning cost of the wind turbine generator, the unit output at the moment t of the wind turbine generator and the power load at the moment t, the annual wind abandoning cost is calculated:
Figure FDA0003143941120000047
wherein ,
Figure FDA0003143941120000048
annual wind abandon cost, NdaysIs the total number of days of the year, WDIs a collection of wind power generation sets,
Figure FDA0003143941120000049
is the unit wind abandoning cost of the wind turbine generator a,
Figure FDA00031439411200000410
is the output of the wind turbine generator a at the typical day t moment, Pload(t) is the typical day time t power load size.
10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
calculating the annual wind power output cost according to the capacity of the wind turbine generator, the unit output cost of the wind turbine generator and the unit output size of the wind turbine generator at the time t:
Figure FDA00031439411200000411
wherein ,
Figure FDA00031439411200000412
is the annual wind power output cost, NdaysIs the total number of days of the year, WDIs a collection of wind power generation sets,
Figure FDA00031439411200000413
is the unit output cost of the wind turbine generator a,
Figure FDA00031439411200000414
the output of the wind turbine generator a at the time t of a typical day;
according to the capacity of the traditional generator set, the unit output cost of the traditional generator set and the unit output size of the traditional generator set at the moment t, the annual output cost of the traditional generator set is calculated:
Figure FDA0003143941120000051
wherein ,
Figure FDA0003143941120000052
is the annual output of the traditional generator setN ofdaysIs the total number of days of the year, WGIs a collection of conventional generator sets and is,
Figure FDA0003143941120000053
is the unit output cost of the traditional generating set b,
Figure FDA0003143941120000054
the output of the traditional generator set b at the time t of a typical day;
calculating the annual output cost of the gas well according to the capacity of the gas well, the unit output cost of the gas source point and the unit output size of the gas source point at the time t:
Figure FDA0003143941120000055
wherein ,
Figure FDA0003143941120000056
is the annual gas well output cost, NdaysIs the total number of days of the year, WSIs a collection of gas wells that are,
Figure FDA0003143941120000057
is the unit output cost of the source point c,
Figure FDA0003143941120000058
the output of the air source point c at the typical day t moment; wherein the annual gas well production cost, i.e., the annual gas purchase cost;
and calculating the annual operating cost of the P2G plant station according to the capacity of the P2G plant station.
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