CN113569497B - Soft measurement method for condenser cooling water flow - Google Patents
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- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/28—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
- G06F2113/08—Fluids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
Abstract
The invention discloses a soft measurement method of condenser cooling water flow, which comprises the following steps: step S1: collecting real-time operation data of a DCS system of the steam turbine generator unit, providing actual operation parameters for soft flow measurement, and analyzing factors affecting cooling water flow of a condenser through the parameters; step S2: the collected data are counted, analyzed and the like, so that the accuracy of parameters and no dead pixels are ensured; step S3: establishing an internal heat exchange model of the condenser according to the heat transfer quantity balance principle of the cold and hot ends of the condenser; step S4: and calculating the flow rate of the condenser cooling water based on the parameters of the condenser cooling water in the actual operation of the unit and based on a hydrodynamic flow equation. The soft measurement method of the condenser cooling water flow realizes the soft measurement of the condenser cooling water flow, and according to the soft measurement result, the cooling water flow can be timely regulated, thereby avoiding abnormal operation accidents; not only improves the working efficiency, but also avoids the occurrence of accidents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of condensers, in particular to a soft measurement method of condenser cooling water flow.
Background
The power plant is a main enterprise for producing electric power and is also an enterprise with high energy consumption, but the power plant has great potential for energy conservation. Energy conservation and consumption reduction are key links for effectively improving the benefit of the power plant, and energy conservation and consumption reduction are carried out on the steam turbine operation of the power plant, so that the energy conversion efficiency can be improved, and the energy conversion device is favorable in a strong market. The condenser of the steam turbine is the basis for ensuring the normal operation of the unit, and ensures that the condenser of the steam turbine is in the optimal vacuum condition, so that the consumed fuel can be reduced, the service life of the whole unit is prolonged, and the economic benefit is further improved. The condenser cooling water flow is used as an important parameter index and an adjusting mode of the economic operation of the condenser, and has important significance for the unit operation in the optimal vacuum, energy saving and consumption reduction.
At present, the condenser cooling water flow can not be accurately measured on line, and the main reason is that: the condenser cooling water flow rate is accurately measured due to the lack of a proper flowmeter because of factors such as coarse pipe diameter (generally more than 2 meters), large flow rate (more than 4 ten thousand tons per hour), position difference (deep buried underground of 4-5 meters), complex working medium characteristics (gas-water two-phase and seawater corrosion), and the like. If the cooling water flow of the condenser can be fed back to a centralized control operator in real time and accurately, the condenser can be guaranteed to always have proper cooling water flow, so that the condenser can be operated economically under the optimal vacuum, and meanwhile, the high-limit and low-limit alarm of the cooling water flow can be set, and abnormal operation accidents caused by the too low cooling water flow are avoided.
Based on the above situation, the invention provides a soft measurement method for the cooling water flow of the condenser, which can effectively solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soft measurement method of condenser cooling water flow. The soft measuring method of the condenser cooling water flow is convenient to use, realizes soft measurement of the condenser cooling water flow, and can adjust the cooling water flow in time according to the soft measuring result, thereby avoiding abnormal operation accidents; not only improves the working efficiency, but also avoids the occurrence of accidents.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a soft measurement method of condenser cooling water flow, the measurement method comprising the following steps:
step S1: collecting real-time operation data of a DCS system of the steam turbine generator unit, wherein the real-time operation data comprise operation parameters and main data of the steam turbine generator unit, providing actual operation parameters for soft flow measurement, and analyzing factors affecting cooling water flow of a condenser through the parameters;
step S2: the collected data is subjected to statistics, analysis and the like, so that the accuracy of parameters is ensured, dead pixels are avoided, and errors of calculation results caused by data distortion are prevented;
step S3: establishing an internal heat exchange model of the condenser according to the heat transfer quantity balance principle of the cold and hot ends of the condenser;
step S4: and calculating the flow rate of the condenser cooling water based on the parameters of the condenser cooling water in the actual operation of the unit and based on a hydrodynamic flow equation.
The invention aims to provide a soft measurement method of condenser cooling water flow. The soft measuring method of the condenser cooling water flow is convenient to use, realizes soft measurement of the condenser cooling water flow, and can adjust the cooling water flow in time according to the soft measuring result, thereby avoiding abnormal operation accidents; not only improves the working efficiency, but also avoids the occurrence of accidents.
Preferably, the collected and analyzed data in the step S1 includes a unit load, a main transformer output power, a condenser back pressure, a condensate flow, a condenser cooling water inlet and outlet temperature, a condenser cooling water inlet and outlet pressure and a condenser cooling water outlet valve opening.
Preferably, the step S3 specifically includes obtaining an actual reference heat consumption rate of the unit under different load working conditions through a performance test, and accurately calculating the heat release amount of the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam in the condenser through the influence of factors of main steam temperature pressure, reheat steam temperature pressure, condenser operation back pressure and supercooling degree, wherein the formula is as follows:
①
②Q＝D ZP *(h s -h c )；
(1) and (3) deriving after combining with (2),
③
from this, the cooling water flow rate G can be calculated W ；
Wherein G is W For cooling water flow, C P To cool the specific heat capacity of water, t 1 Is the inlet temperature of cooling water of a condenser, t 2 The temperature of the outlet of cooling water of the condenser is Q is the heat load of the condenser, D ZP Is the exhaust flow of the low-pressure cylinder, h s Is the exhaust enthalpy value of the low-pressure cylinder, h c Is the enthalpy value of condensate of the thermal well.
Preferably, in the step S4, the specific step is that, because the condenser cooling water pipeline is longer and has a certain flow resistance, the cooling medium has single and stable characteristics, and can be regarded as an orifice plate flowmeter, and the orifice plate flow formula is deduced according to an ideal fluid bernoulli equation in the fluid mechanics principle:
④
wherein G is W For cooling water flow, alpha is the flow coefficient of the orifice plate, A 0 Is the flow cross-sectional area, ρ is the cooling water density, p 1 For water inlet pressure, p 2 Is the water outlet pressure;
the value of the flow coefficient alpha of the orifice plate can be calculated through the step (4), and the flow sectional area A can be directly measured after the step 0 Cooling water density ρ, inlet water pressure p 1 Pressure p of water outlet 2 Calculating the flow rate G of cooling water W The real-time monitoring of the cooling water flow is realized.
Preferably, the cooling water parameters include cross-sectional flow area, cooling water density, inlet water pressure and outlet water pressure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the soft measuring method of the condenser cooling water flow is convenient to use, realizes soft measurement of the condenser cooling water flow, and can adjust the cooling water flow in time according to the soft measuring result, thereby avoiding abnormal operation accidents; not only improves the working efficiency, but also avoids the occurrence of accidents.
1. The flow rate of the condenser cooling water can be accurately regulated in the operation process, and the condenser cooling water can be reasonably and accurately regulated no matter whether the condenser cooling water is manufactured by a main pipe or a unit manufacturing unit;
2. the accurate measurement of the cooling water flow of the condenser provides important data for the optimization of the cold end of the steam turbine and the online diagnosis of the performance of the condenser;
3. the condenser cooling water flow is displayed on line in real time, and the centralized control operator can be timely reminded of processing abnormality by setting corresponding low flow alarm, so that the operation reliability is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a condenser of a turbo generator set.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples, but it should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the actual product dimensions; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationship depicted in the drawings is for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
Example 1:
the invention provides a soft measurement method of condenser cooling water flow, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: collecting real-time operation data of a DCS system of the steam turbine generator unit, wherein the real-time operation data comprise operation parameters and main data of the steam turbine generator unit, providing actual operation parameters for soft flow measurement, and analyzing factors affecting cooling water flow of a condenser through the parameters;
step S2: the collected data is subjected to statistics, analysis and the like, so that the accuracy of parameters is ensured, dead pixels are avoided, and errors of calculation results caused by data distortion are prevented;
step S3: establishing an internal heat exchange model of the condenser according to the heat transfer quantity balance principle of the cold and hot ends of the condenser;
step S4: and calculating the flow rate of the condenser cooling water based on the parameters of the condenser cooling water in the actual operation of the unit and based on a hydrodynamic flow equation.
Example 2:
the invention provides a soft measurement method of condenser cooling water flow, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: collecting real-time operation data of a DCS system of the steam turbine generator unit, wherein the real-time operation data comprise operation parameters and main data of the steam turbine generator unit, providing actual operation parameters for soft flow measurement, and analyzing factors affecting cooling water flow of a condenser through the parameters;
the data collected are shown in table 1:
| sequence number | Parameter name | Unit (B) | (symbol) |
| 1. | Load of | MW | P |
| 2. | Condenser inlet cooling water temperature | ℃ | t 1 |
| 3. | Condenser outlet cooling water temperature | ℃ | t 2 |
| 4. | Sea water tide level | m | h |
| 5. | Condenser inlet cooling water pressure | kPa | p 1 |
| 6. | Condenser outlet cooling water pressure | kPa | p 2 |
| 7. | Condensate flow rate | t/h | G n |
| 8. | Degree of supercooling of condensed water | ℃ | n |
| 9. | Enthalpy value of exhaust steam of low pressure cylinder | kJ/kg | h s |
| 10. | Enthalpy value of condensate of thermal well | kJ/kg | h c |
TABLE 1
Step S2: the collected data is subjected to statistics, analysis and the like, so that the accuracy of parameters is ensured, dead pixels are avoided, and errors of calculation results caused by data distortion are prevented;
step S3: establishing an internal heat exchange model of the condenser according to the heat transfer quantity balance principle of the cold and hot ends of the condenser;
step S4: and calculating the flow rate of the condenser cooling water based on the parameters of the condenser cooling water in the actual operation of the unit and based on a hydrodynamic flow equation.
Further, in another embodiment, the collected and analyzed data in step S1 includes a unit load, a main transformer output power, a condenser back pressure, a condensate flow, a condenser cooling water inlet and outlet temperature, a condenser cooling water inlet and outlet pressure, and a condenser cooling water outlet valve opening.
Further, in another embodiment, the step S3 specifically includes obtaining, through a performance test, an actual reference heat consumption rate of the unit under different load working conditions, and accurately calculating an amount of heat released by the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam in the condenser by using the influence of factors including a main steam temperature pressure, a reheat steam temperature pressure, a condenser operation back pressure and a supercooling degree, where a formula is as follows:
①
②Q＝D ZP *(h s -h c )；
(1) and (3) deriving after combining with (2),
③
from this, the cooling water flow rate G can be calculated W ；
Wherein G is W For cooling water flow, C P To cool the specific heat capacity of water, t 1 Is the inlet temperature of cooling water of a condenser, t 2 The temperature of the outlet of cooling water of the condenser is Q is the heat load of the condenser, D ZP Is the steam load of the condenser, namely the exhaust flow of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, h s Is the exhaust enthalpy value of the low-pressure cylinder, h c Is the enthalpy value of condensate of the thermal well.
The condenser of the large thermal power generating unit is internally provided with tens of thousands of cooling water pipes, the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder of the shell side steam turbine is condensed into liquid water when meeting the cooling water pipes, the volume is reduced by tens of thousands times to form vacuum, the condenser is used as a surface heat exchanger, the condenser is influenced by factors such as materials, wall thickness, quantity and pipe diameter of the cooling water pipes, the heat exchange coefficient is relatively constant, and the condensation heat release amount of the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder is equal to the heat absorption amount of the cooling water, so that deduction can be performed according to the step S4 according to the heat balance principle.
Further, in another embodiment, the step S4 specifically includes the step of deriving, due to the longer cooling water pipeline and the certain flow resistance of the condenser, the single and stable cooling medium characteristic, which can be regarded as an orifice plate flowmeter, according to the ideal fluid bernoulli equation in the fluid mechanics principle, the orifice plate flow formula as follows:
④
wherein G is W For cooling water flow, alpha is the flow coefficient of the orifice plate, A 0 The flow cross-sectional area, ρ is the cooling water density, and the unit is kg/m 3 ，p 1 The unit of the pressure of cooling water at the inlet of the condenser is kPa, the micro-positive pressure can be measured by an online pressure transmitter, and p 2 The unit of the pressure of the cooling water at the outlet of the condenser is kPa, and the micro negative pressure can be measured by an online pressure transmitter; the flow coefficient α is a constant and can be obtained using the measurement instrument and the device parameters, except for the flow coefficient α.
The hole can be calculated by (4)The value of the flow coefficient alpha of the plate can be directly measured by measuring the flow cross section A 0 Cooling water density ρ, inlet water pressure p 1 Pressure p of water outlet 2 Calculating the flow rate G of cooling water W The real-time monitoring of the cooling water flow is realized.
Further, in another embodiment, the cooling water parameters include a cross-sectional flow area, a cooling water density, a condenser inlet cooling water pressure, and a condenser outlet cooling water pressure.
As shown in fig. 1, the condenser of the turbo generator set is used as a heat exchanger, (1) is the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine; (2) a condenser cooling water inlet chamber; (3) a condenser cooling water outlet chamber; (4) a condenser cooling water rear water chamber; (5) a condenser hot well (condensed water collecting tank); and (6) a condenser cooling tube bundle.
The main principle is that the cooling water is used for cooling the exhaust steam (1) of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, a large amount of saturated steam is condensed into water, the volume is reduced by tens of thousands times, vacuum is formed in the condenser, and the back pressure is generally designed to be 4.9kPa. Because the condenser cooling water flow measurement difficulty is high, the cooling water pipe diameter is large, the pressure head is small, the orifice plate flowmeter cannot be installed, the condenser is used as a surface heat exchanger, the cooling water side operation fluid is relatively stable, ten thousands of cooling water pipes are installed inside the condenser, the condenser can be regarded as a large orifice plate flowmeter, the cooling water flow can be calculated by utilizing an ideal fluid Bernoulli flow equation, and accurate data are provided for operation adjustment, fault treatment, performance diagnosis and the like.
The soft measuring method of the condenser cooling water flow rate of the present invention can be easily manufactured or used by those skilled in the art according to the description of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and can produce the positive effects described in the present invention.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, in the present invention, if there are terms such as "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., the positional relationship indicated is based on the positional relationship indicated in the drawings, and is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and it is not necessary to indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so that the terms describing the positional relationship in the present invention are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limitations of the present patent, and it is possible for those skilled in the art to understand the specific meaning of the above terms in conjunction with the drawings and according to the specific circumstances.
Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" herein are to be construed broadly, e.g., they may be fixed, removable, or integral; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent variation, etc. of the above embodiment according to the technical matter of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A soft measurement method of condenser cooling water flow is characterized in that: the measuring method comprises the following steps:
step S1: collecting real-time operation data of a DCS system of the steam turbine generator unit, wherein the real-time operation data comprise operation parameters and main data of the steam turbine generator unit, providing actual operation parameters for soft flow measurement, and analyzing factors affecting cooling water flow of a condenser through the parameters;
step S2: the collected data is counted and analyzed, so that the accuracy of parameters is ensured, no dead pixels exist, and errors of calculation results caused by data distortion are prevented;
step S3: establishing an internal heat exchange model of the condenser according to the heat transfer quantity balance principle of the cold and hot ends of the condenser;
step S4: based on condenser cooling water parameters in actual operation of the unit, calculating condenser cooling water flow based on a hydrodynamic flow equation;
the collected and analyzed data in the step S1 comprises unit load, main transformer output power, condenser back pressure, condensate flow, condenser cooling water inlet and outlet temperature, condenser cooling water inlet and outlet pressure and condenser cooling water outlet valve opening;
the specific step of the step S3 is that the actual reference heat rate of the unit under different load working conditions is obtained through a performance test, and the heat release amount of the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam in the condenser is accurately calculated through the influences of main steam temperature pressure, reheat steam temperature pressure, condenser operation back pressure and supercooling degree factors, wherein the formula is as follows:
，
(1) and (3) deriving after combining with (2),
，
from this, the cooling water flow rate G can be calculated W ；
Wherein G is W For cooling water flow, C P To cool the specific heat capacity of water, t 1 Is the inlet temperature of cooling water of a condenser, t 2 The temperature of the outlet of cooling water of the condenser is Q is the heat load of the condenser, D ZP Is the exhaust flow of the low-pressure cylinder, h s Is the exhaust enthalpy value of the low-pressure cylinder, h c Is the enthalpy value of condensate water of a thermal well;
the specific step of the step S4 is that, as the condenser cooling water pipeline is longer and has certain circulation resistance, the characteristic of the cooling medium is single and stable, the cooling medium is regarded as an orifice plate flowmeter, and the orifice plate flow formula is deduced according to an ideal fluid Bernoulli equation in the fluid mechanics principle:
，
wherein G is W Is coldBut water flow, alpha is the flow coefficient of the pore plate, A 0 Is the flow cross-sectional area, ρ is the cooling water density, p 1 For water inlet pressure, p 2 Is the water outlet pressure;
the value of the flow coefficient alpha of the orifice plate can be calculated through the step (4), and the flow sectional area A can be directly measured after the step 0 Cooling water density ρ, inlet water pressure p 1 Pressure p of water outlet 2 Calculating the flow rate G of cooling water W Real-time monitoring of cooling water flow is realized;
the cooling water parameters comprise the flow cross section area, the cooling water density, the cooling water pressure at the inlet of the condenser and the cooling water pressure at the outlet of the condenser.
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| CN109408978A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-01 | 国电南京电力试验研究有限公司 | A kind of circulating water flow online soft sensor method |
| CN112629602A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-09 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Condenser and vacuum system air leakage flow measuring method |
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