CN113569497A - Soft measurement method for cooling water flow of condenser - Google Patents
Soft measurement method for cooling water flow of condenser Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/28—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
- G06F2113/08—Fluids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
Abstract
The invention discloses a soft measurement method for cooling water flow of a condenser, which comprises the following steps: step S1: acquiring real-time operation data of a DCS (distributed control system) of the steam turbine generator unit, providing actual operation parameters for soft flow measurement, and analyzing factors influencing the cooling water flow of the condenser through the parameters; step S2: the collected data are subjected to statistics, analysis and the like, so that the accurate parameters and no dead pixel are ensured; step S3: establishing an internal heat exchange model of the condenser according to the heat transfer quantity balance principle of the cold end and the hot end of the condenser; step S4: and calculating the cooling water flow of the condenser based on the cooling water parameters of the condenser in the actual operation of the unit and based on a fluid mechanics flow equation. The soft measurement method for the cooling water flow of the condenser realizes soft measurement of the cooling water flow of the condenser, and can adjust the size of the cooling water flow in time according to the soft measurement result, thereby avoiding abnormal operation accidents; not only improves the working efficiency, but also avoids the occurrence of accidents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of condensers, in particular to a soft measurement method for the cooling water flow of a condenser.
Background
The power plant is a main enterprise for producing electric power and is also an enterprise with high energy consumption, but the power plant also has huge potential for energy conservation. The energy conservation and consumption reduction of the operation of the steam turbine of the power plant is a key link for effectively improving the benefit of the power plant, and the energy conservation and consumption reduction of the steam turbine can improve the efficiency of energy conversion, thereby occupying a favorable position in a fierce market. The condenser of the steam turbine is the basis for ensuring the normal operation of the unit, ensures that the condenser of the steam turbine is in the best vacuum condition, can reduce the consumed fuel, prolongs the service life of the whole unit, and further improves the economic benefit. The cooling water flow of the condenser is used as an important parameter index and an adjusting mode for economic operation of the condenser, and has important significance for the operation of a unit in the best vacuum, energy conservation and consumption reduction.
At present, condenser cooling water flow can't accurate measurement on line, main reason is: the condenser cooling water has the factors of thick pipe diameter (generally more than 2 meters), large flow (more than 4 ten thousand tons per hour), position difference (4-5 meters deep underground), complex working medium characteristics (gas-water two-phase and seawater corrosion) and the like, so that a proper flowmeter is lacked for accurately measuring the flow rate of the condenser cooling water. If condenser cooling water flow can be real-time, accurate feedback to centralized control operator, just can guarantee that the condenser has suitable cooling water flow all the time, make the condenser economic operation under the best vacuum, can set up cooling water flow height, low limit value simultaneously and report to the police, avoid cooling water flow to lead to the fact the abnormal operation accident excessively.
Based on the situation, the invention provides a soft measurement method for the cooling water flow of the condenser, which can effectively solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soft measurement method for cooling water flow of a condenser. The soft measurement method for the cooling water flow of the condenser is convenient to use, realizes the soft measurement of the cooling water flow of the condenser, can adjust the size of the cooling water flow in time according to the soft measurement result, and avoids causing abnormal operation accidents; not only improves the working efficiency, but also avoids the occurrence of accidents.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a soft measurement method for cooling water flow of a condenser comprises the following steps:
step S1: acquiring real-time operation data of a DCS (distributed control system) of the steam turbine generator unit, wherein the real-time operation data comprises operation parameters and main data of the steam turbine generator unit, providing actual operation parameters for soft flow measurement, and analyzing factors influencing the cooling water flow of the condenser through the parameters;
step S2: the collected data are subjected to statistics, analysis and the like, so that the accurate parameters and no dead pixel are ensured, and errors of calculation results caused by data distortion are prevented;
step S3: establishing an internal heat exchange model of the condenser according to the heat transfer quantity balance principle of the cold end and the hot end of the condenser;
step S4: and calculating the cooling water flow of the condenser based on the cooling water parameters of the condenser in the actual operation of the unit and based on a fluid mechanics flow equation.
The invention aims to provide a soft measurement method for cooling water flow of a condenser. The soft measurement method for the cooling water flow of the condenser is convenient to use, realizes the soft measurement of the cooling water flow of the condenser, can adjust the size of the cooling water flow in time according to the soft measurement result, and avoids causing abnormal operation accidents; not only improves the working efficiency, but also avoids the occurrence of accidents.
Preferably, the data collected and analyzed in step S1 includes a unit load, a main transformer output power, a condenser back pressure, a condensate flow, a condenser cooling water inlet/outlet temperature, a condenser cooling water inlet/outlet pressure, and a condenser cooling water outlet valve opening degree.
Preferably, the step S3 includes the specific steps of obtaining actual reference heat rate of the unit under different load conditions through a performance test, and accurately calculating the heat release amount of the low-pressure cylinder exhaust in the condenser through the influences of main steam temperature and pressure, reheat steam temperature and pressure, condenser operating backpressure and supercooling degree, where the formula is as follows:
②Q=DZP*(hs-hc);
combining the first step and the second step, deducing the third step,
from this, the cooling water flow G can be calculatedW;
Wherein G isWFor cooling water flow, CPSpecific heat capacity of cooling water, t1For the condenser cooling water inlet temperature, t2For the condenser cooling water outlet temperature, Q for the condenser heat load, DZPIs the exhaust flow of the low pressure cylinder, hsFor the exhaust enthalpy value of the low-pressure cylinder, hcIs the enthalpy value of the condensed water of the hot well.
Preferably, the specific step of step S4 is that, because the condenser cooling water pipeline is long and has a certain flow resistance, the cooling medium has a single and stable characteristic, and can be regarded as an orifice plate flowmeter, and according to an ideal fluid bernoulli equation in the fluid mechanics principle, the orifice plate flow formula is derived as follows:
wherein G isWFor cooling water flow, α is the flow coefficient of the orifice plate, A0Is a cross-sectional flow area, ρ is a density of cooling water, p1For water inlet pressure, p2Is the effluent pressure;
throughThe flow coefficient alpha value of the orifice plate can be calculated, and the flow cross section area A can be directly measured afterwards0Cooling water density rho and water inlet pressure p1Pressure p of water discharge2Calculating the cooling water flow rate GWAnd the real-time monitoring of the cooling water flow is realized.
Preferably, the cooling water parameters include a flow cross-sectional area, a cooling water density, a water inlet pressure and a water outlet pressure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the soft measurement method for the cooling water flow of the condenser is convenient to use, realizes the soft measurement of the cooling water flow of the condenser, can adjust the size of the cooling water flow in time according to the soft measurement result, and avoids causing abnormal operation accidents; not only improves the working efficiency, but also avoids the occurrence of accidents.
1. The method is convenient for accurately adjusting the flow of the cooling water of the condenser during operation, and the cooling water of the condenser can be reasonably and accurately adjusted regardless of whether the cooling water is a main pipe system or a unit system unit;
2. the method has the advantages that the accurate measurement of the cooling water flow of the condenser provides important data for the optimization of the cold end of the steam turbine and the online diagnosis of the performance of the condenser;
3. the cooling water flow of the condenser is displayed on line in real time, and a centralized control operator can be timely reminded of processing abnormity by setting corresponding low-flow alarm, so that the operation reliability is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a condenser of a turbo generator set.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with specific examples, but it should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
Example 1:
the invention provides a soft measurement method for cooling water flow of a condenser, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: acquiring real-time operation data of a DCS (distributed control system) of the steam turbine generator unit, wherein the real-time operation data comprises operation parameters and main data of the steam turbine generator unit, providing actual operation parameters for soft flow measurement, and analyzing factors influencing the cooling water flow of the condenser through the parameters;
step S2: the collected data are subjected to statistics, analysis and the like, so that the accurate parameters and no dead pixel are ensured, and errors of calculation results caused by data distortion are prevented;
step S3: establishing an internal heat exchange model of the condenser according to the heat transfer quantity balance principle of the cold end and the hot end of the condenser;
step S4: and calculating the cooling water flow of the condenser based on the cooling water parameters of the condenser in the actual operation of the unit and based on a fluid mechanics flow equation.
Example 2:
the invention provides a soft measurement method for cooling water flow of a condenser, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: acquiring real-time operation data of a DCS (distributed control system) of the steam turbine generator unit, wherein the real-time operation data comprises operation parameters and main data of the steam turbine generator unit, providing actual operation parameters for soft flow measurement, and analyzing factors influencing the cooling water flow of the condenser through the parameters;
the data collected are shown in table 1:
serial number | Parameter name | Unit of | (symbol) | |
1. | Load(s) | | P | |
2. | Condenser inlet cooling water temperature | ℃ | t1 | |
3. | Temperature of cooling water at outlet of | ℃ | t | 2 |
4. | Sea water tide | m | h | |
5. | Condenser inlet cooling water | kPa | p | 1 |
6. | Condenser outlet cooling water pressure | kPa | p2 | |
7. | Flow rate of condensate | t/h | Gn | |
8. | Super-cooling degree of condensed water | ℃ | n | |
9. | Exhaust enthalpy value of low pressure cylinder | kJ/kg | hs | |
10. | Enthalpy value of condensed water of hot well | kJ/kg | hc |
TABLE 1
Step S2: the collected data are subjected to statistics, analysis and the like, so that the accurate parameters and no dead pixel are ensured, and errors of calculation results caused by data distortion are prevented;
step S3: establishing an internal heat exchange model of the condenser according to the heat transfer quantity balance principle of the cold end and the hot end of the condenser;
step S4: and calculating the cooling water flow of the condenser based on the cooling water parameters of the condenser in the actual operation of the unit and based on a fluid mechanics flow equation.
Further, in another embodiment, the data collected and analyzed in step S1 includes a unit load, a main transformer output power, a condenser back pressure, a condensate flow rate, a condenser cooling water inlet/outlet temperature, a condenser cooling water inlet/outlet pressure, and a condenser cooling water outlet valve opening degree.
Further, in another embodiment, the step S3 specifically includes obtaining actual reference heat rate of the unit under different load conditions through a performance test, and accurately calculating the heat release amount of the low-pressure cylinder exhaust in the condenser through the influences of the main steam temperature pressure, the reheat steam temperature pressure, the condenser operation backpressure and the supercooling degree, where the formula is as follows:
②Q=DZP*(hs-hc);
combining the first step and the second step, deducing the third step,
from this, the cooling water flow G can be calculatedW;
Wherein G isWFor cooling water flow, CPSpecific heat capacity of cooling water, t1For the condenser cooling water inlet temperature, t2For the condenser cooling water outlet temperature, Q for the condenser heat load, DZPFor steam load of the condenser, i.e. the discharge flow of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, hsFor the exhaust enthalpy value of the low-pressure cylinder, hcIs the enthalpy value of the condensed water of the hot well.
The condenser of the large thermal power generating unit is internally provided with ten thousand cooling water pipes, the steam discharged by the low-pressure cylinder of the shell-side steam turbine is condensed into liquid water when meeting the cooling water pipes, the volume is reduced by ten thousand times to form vacuum, the condenser is used as a surface heat exchanger and is influenced by the factors such as the material, the wall thickness, the quantity, the pipe diameter and the like of the cooling water pipes, the heat exchange coefficient is constant, the heat discharged by the low-pressure cylinder is condensed to be equal to the heat absorbed by the cooling water, and therefore derivation can be carried out according to the heat balance principle according to the step S4.
Further, in another embodiment, the step S4 includes the specific steps that, because the condenser cooling water pipeline is long and has a certain flow resistance, the cooling medium has a single and stable characteristic, and can be regarded as an orifice plate flowmeter, and according to an ideal fluid bernoulli equation in the fluid mechanics principle, an orifice plate flow formula is derived as follows:
wherein G isWFor cooling water flow, α is the flow coefficient of the orifice plate, A0Rho is the density of cooling water in kg/m3,p1The pressure of cooling water at the inlet of the condenser is kPa, micro positive pressure and can be measured by an online pressure transmitter, p2The unit of the pressure of cooling water at the outlet of the condenser is kPa, and the micro negative pressure can be measured by an online pressure transmitter; the flow coefficient α is a constant, and other than the flow coefficient α, the flow coefficient α can be obtained by using a measurement instrument and a device parameter.
The flow coefficient alpha value of the orifice plate can be calculated through the fourth step, and the flow cross section area A can be directly measured afterwards0Cooling water density rho and water inlet pressure p1Pressure p of water discharge2Calculating the cooling water flow rate GWAnd the real-time monitoring of the cooling water flow is realized.
Further, in another embodiment, the cooling water parameters include a flow cross-sectional area, a cooling water density, a condenser inlet cooling water pressure, and a condenser outlet cooling water pressure.
As shown in figure 1, a condenser of a steam turbine generator unit is used as a heat exchanger, and (1) is used for exhausting steam of a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine; (2) a condenser cooling water inlet chamber; (3) a water outlet chamber for cooling water of the condenser; (4) a water chamber for cooling water for the condenser; (5) a condenser hot well (a condensed water collection box); (6) cooling tube bundles for the condenser.
The main principle is that cooling water is used for cooling the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam (1) of the steam turbine, a large amount of saturated steam is condensed into water, the volume is reduced by tens of thousands of times, vacuum is formed inside a condenser, and the back pressure is generally designed to be 4.9 kPa. Because the condenser cooling water flow measurement difficulty is big, the cooling water pipe diameter is big, the pressure head is little, can't install the orifice plate flowmeter, and the condenser is as a surface heat exchanger, and the cooling water side operating fluid is relatively stable, installs ten thousand cooling water pipes inside, can regard as a large-scale orifice plate flowmeter, and usable ideal fluid Bernoulli flow equation calculates the cooling water flow, provides accurate data for operation adjustment, fault handling, performance diagnosis etc..
According to the description and the drawings of the invention, the soft measurement method for the flow rate of the condenser cooling water can be easily manufactured or used by a person skilled in the art, and the positive effects recorded by the invention can be produced.
Unless otherwise specified, in the present invention, if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms of "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore, the terms describing orientation or positional relationship in the present invention are for illustrative purposes only, and should not be construed as limiting the present patent, specific meanings of the above terms can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the specific circumstances in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are used broadly and encompass, for example, being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A soft measurement method for cooling water flow of a condenser is characterized by comprising the following steps: the measuring method comprises the following steps:
step S1: acquiring real-time operation data of a DCS (distributed control system) of the steam turbine generator unit, wherein the real-time operation data comprises operation parameters and main data of the steam turbine generator unit, providing actual operation parameters for soft flow measurement, and analyzing factors influencing the cooling water flow of the condenser through the parameters;
step S2: the collected data are subjected to statistics, analysis and the like, so that the accurate parameters and no dead pixel are ensured, and errors of calculation results caused by data distortion are prevented;
step S3: establishing an internal heat exchange model of the condenser according to the heat transfer quantity balance principle of the cold end and the hot end of the condenser;
step S4: and calculating the cooling water flow of the condenser based on the cooling water parameters of the condenser in the actual operation of the unit and based on a fluid mechanics flow equation.
2. The soft measurement method for the flow rate of cooling water of the condenser according to claim 1, characterized in that: the data collected and analyzed in the step S1 includes unit load, main transformer output power, condenser back pressure, condensate flow, condenser cooling water inlet and outlet temperature, condenser cooling water inlet and outlet pressure, and condenser cooling water outlet valve opening.
3. The soft measurement method for the flow rate of cooling water of the condenser according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S3 includes the specific steps of obtaining actual reference heat rate of the unit under different load conditions through a performance test, and then accurately calculating the heat release amount of the low-pressure cylinder exhaust in the condenser through the influence of factors such as main steam temperature and pressure, reheat steam temperature and pressure, condenser operating backpressure and supercooling degree, wherein the formula is as follows:
②Q=DZP*(hs-hc);
combining the first step and the second step, deducing the third step,
from this, the cooling water flow G can be calculatedW;
Wherein G isWFor cooling water flow, CPSpecific heat capacity of cooling water, t1For the condenser cooling water inlet temperature, t2For the condenser cooling water outlet temperature, Q for the condenser heat load, DZPIs the exhaust flow of the low pressure cylinder, hsFor the exhaust enthalpy value of the low-pressure cylinder, hcIs the enthalpy value of the condensed water of the hot well.
4. The soft measurement method for the flow rate of the condenser cooling water according to claim 3, characterized in that: the concrete step of step S4 is that, because the condenser cooling water pipeline is long and has a certain flow resistance, the cooling medium has a single and stable characteristic, and can be regarded as a orifice plate flowmeter, and according to the ideal fluid bernoulli equation in the fluid mechanics principle, the orifice plate flow formula is derived as follows:
wherein G isWFor cooling water flow, α is the flow coefficient of the orifice plate, A0Is a cross-sectional flow area, ρ is a density of cooling water, p1For water inlet pressure, p2Is the effluent pressure;
the flow coefficient alpha value of the orifice plate can be calculated through the fourth step, and the flow cross section area A can be directly measured afterwards0Cooling water density rho and water inlet pressure p1Pressure p of water discharge2Calculating the cooling water flow rate GWAnd the real-time monitoring of the cooling water flow is realized.
5. The soft measurement method for the flow rate of cooling water of the condenser according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cooling water parameters comprise the flow cross section, the cooling water density, the condenser inlet cooling water pressure and the condenser outlet cooling water pressure.
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CN109408978A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-01 | 国电南京电力试验研究有限公司 | A kind of circulating water flow online soft sensor method |
CN112629602A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-09 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Condenser and vacuum system air leakage flow measuring method |
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CN114322392A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-12 | 安徽科技学院 | Method for determining water inlet speed of cooling water through temperature before roller and temperature after roller |
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