CN113566877B - Geometric measurement size calibration method for bogie test bed - Google Patents
Geometric measurement size calibration method for bogie test bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN113566877B CN113566877B CN202110676776.5A CN202110676776A CN113566877B CN 113566877 B CN113566877 B CN 113566877B CN 202110676776 A CN202110676776 A CN 202110676776A CN 113566877 B CN113566877 B CN 113566877B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention discloses a geometric dimension calibration method of a bogie test bed, which uses an automatic digital level gauge, a wheelbase calibration instrument and a wheel shoulder calibration instrument, and under the metering mode of the bogie test bed, according to the calibration method, a command is manually input, and a calibrator uses the instruments to finish geometric dimension calibration of the test bed; the invention has scientific and reasonable design, simple structure of the calibration instrument and convenient use, can accurately complete the geometric dimension calibration of the test bed by adopting the calibration method, standardizes the calibration behavior, can trace the source and transmit the magnitude in industry, meets the geometric dimension calibration requirement of the steering test bed, improves the accuracy and reliability of the weighing test of the locomotive bogie after assembly, and ensures the product quality and performance of the bogie.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of locomotive bogie tests, and particularly relates to a geometric measurement size calibration method of a bogie test bed.
Background
The bogie is a key component on the locomotive, is used for transmitting various loads, ensures the generation of traction braking force by utilizing the adhesion between wheel tracks, realizes the conversion of motion, reduces the power impact effect, and directly relates to the normal operation and the safety guarantee of the locomotive by smoothly passing through curves. The bogie test bed is special comprehensive detection equipment for carrying out a static load test after locomotive bogie assembly, has detection functions of length measurement, force measurement, spring calculation, airtightness test and the like, is key equipment in bogie manufacture or overhaul, has a complex structure, has higher technical requirement precision, and has the attribute of carrying out geometric measurement and size calibration regularly. Because the geometric measurement calibration scheme of the bogie test bed is complex, a professional maintenance personnel is required to install a large-scale detection tool, professional equipment is operated, and metering personnel cooperate together to complete the periodic detection calibration work of the bogie test bed, no standard and standard calibration method exists at present, so that great difficulty is brought to the geometric measurement calibration work of the bogie test bed, the calibration work efficiency is low, the bogie test bed equipment is easy to damage, the personal safety is endangered, and the detection accuracy of the bogie test bed is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a geometric dimension calibration method of a bogie test bed, which uses calibration devices such as an automatic digital level gauge, a wheel base calibration instrument, a wheel shoulder calibration instrument and the like, and under the metering mode of the bogie test bed, manually inputs instructions according to the calibration method to complete geometric dimension calibration of the test bed; the method has the advantages that the traceability and magnitude transmission of the calibration device are clear, the specific calibration technical requirements and the calibration method of the test bed are met, the requirement on geometric measurement and size calibration of the bogie test bed is met, the problems that equipment is easy to damage, personal safety is endangered, the calibration work of the test bed cannot be efficiently carried out and the like are solved, and the detection accuracy of the bogie test bed is ensured.
The bogie test bed adopts a computer to control a hydraulic servo loading device to accurately simulate the quality of locomotives of different types, carries out static loading test on the bogie, detects parameters such as bogie axle distance, axle parallelism, wheel distance, frame four-corner height, wheel weight difference, axle weight difference and the like of the bogie in a simulated falling state through an accurate electronic detection system, and automatically analyzes whether the wheel load distribution is in a specified range; the bogie test bed comprises a machine base, upright posts, cross beams, main oil cylinders, lifting guide rails, linear guide rails, a centering device (longitudinal direction), a weighing unit, a hydraulic system and an electric control system, wherein the upright posts are fixedly arranged on two sides of the machine base of the bogie test bed, the cross beams are connected between the upright posts, the height of the cross beams can be adjusted, and the two main oil cylinders are arranged on the cross beams and can move in the cross beams; each side of the machine base is longitudinally provided with a linear guide rail, the sliding block of each side of the linear guide rail is provided with three groups of weighing units which are respectively A, C, E and B, D, F, and the six groups of weighing units can move along the linear guide rail to automatically adjust the positions so as to adapt to the testing of the bogies with different axial distances; the two sides of the test bed are provided with lifting guide rails, a tested bogie can be sent into the test bed, and wheels of the tested bogie are arranged on supporting wheels of a slide frame of the weighing unit during operation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: in the measuring mode of the bogie test bed, an automatic digital level gauge, a wheel base calibration instrument and a wheel shoulder calibration instrument are used for completing the geometric dimension calibration of the test bed, so that the geometric property of weighing after the locomotive bogie is assembled is met; the geometric measurement calibration project of the bogie test bed has 5 items: (1) bench appearance; (2) The level of the guide rail foundation and the level of six points of the weighing unit A, B, C, D, E, F; (3) wheel measurement of the wheelbase of the trolley frame; (4) Wheel measurement trolley frame wheelbase centering and height calibration (Z axis); (5) calibrating a test bed wheel shoulder; in the calibration work, a difference method and a direct measurement method are adopted; the step of calibrating the geometric measurement of the bogie test bed is as follows:
Step one, preparation before calibration: when the bogie test bed is calibrated, a person who has to be authenticated by the technology operates on the management level set by the test bed, and enters a metering calibration mode through a selection window; preparation work before calibration:
s1, ensuring that a bogie does not exist on a test bed;
s2, starting up to enter an operation mode, and setting a device state;
S3, placing the calibration instrument on equipment, accurately placing the calibration instrument on a bogie test bed, wherein the step cannot be automatically completed, and the step must be manually operated by an operator with great care, and the position and the state of the equipment are completed through calibration instructions;
Step two, preparing calibration equipment:
The calibration equipment used was: an automatic digital level, a wheelbase calibration instrument and a wheel shoulder calibration instrument;
S1, calibrating an instrument for the wheelbase of a bogie test bed: the wheelbase calibrator is used for calibrating every year according to data given by a calibration certificate;
S2, a bogie shoulder calibration instrument: the shoulder calibration instrument should be calibrated annually and used according to the data given by the calibration certificate;
S3, a height measuring instrument: an automatic digital level for measuring the level and level difference;
S4, an application method of the automatic digital level gauge comprises the following steps:
S4.1, arranging a level on a tripod and arranging the level at the front end of a test bed in a short distance;
S4.2, adjusting a knob below the level to be free of a beep, and adjusting the level to be in a horizontal position;
S4.3, aligning the level with the middle position of the bar code of the measuring rod, and pressing a blue button on the right side of the level to automatically focus and automatically measure;
s4.4, reading Rh on the display to be horizontal;
step three, appearance inspection: before calibration, cleaning the running surface of the linear guide rail by clean cloth to ensure that the running surface is clean and has no appearance defects such as rust and the like which affect the calibration result;
Step four, horizontal calibration:
S1, calibrating horizontal errors of guide rail foundations of a bogie test bed: the automatic digital level gauge is connected with the tripod and is installed, and the level is adjusted; the measuring rod is connected to 2m, the measuring rod is placed at the position of the foundation at the point A, after the automatic digital level is adjusted to be aligned with the middle position of the bar code of the measuring rod, a blue measuring key of the level is pressed, the level is automatically focused to measure the reading, the level Rh is a measured height value, the foundation level height values at the point A, B, E, F are sequentially measured according to the method, the foundation level height values at the four points A, B, E, F are recorded, the difference between the measured maximum value and the measured minimum value is the foundation level error of the guide rail, the condition that the difference is smaller than 0.5mm is qualified, and the foundation level is adjusted when the difference is larger than 0.5 mm;
S2, calibrating the horizontal error of the weighing unit of the bogie test bed: the horizontal error of the weighing unit is the calibration of the horizontal error of six points of the guide rail base A, B, C, D, E, F, firstly, the guide rail is lowered, then the leveling instrument and the measuring rod are adjusted, the measuring rod is respectively placed at six points of the weighing unit A, B, C, D, E, F, after the leveling instrument is adjusted to be aligned with the middle position of the bar code of the measuring rod, the leveling instrument is pressed to measure the reading by blue measuring key, the leveling instrument automatically focuses, the difference between the measured maximum value and the minimum value is the horizontal error of the weighing unit, and the difference is qualified when the difference is smaller than 0.2mm, and the adjustment of the horizontal of the weighing unit is required when the difference is larger than 0.2 mm;
step five, calibrating the position of the weighing unit: namely, the weighing unit is calibrated in a centering way; detecting whether the wheel moves along the axis, and whether the width of the gauge is correspondingly changed, wherein the function is special for the calibration maintenance of the bogie; the rail Rectangular gauge is arranged between the two guide rails and is close to the guide rails, and the width of the gauge is automatically measured by +/-0.2 mm of two laser position instrument sensors on the left and right sides of the bogie;
S1, an auxiliary cross beam does not need to be removed, and a wheelbase calibration instrument is installed;
Firstly, according to the axle distance of a locomotive bogie, a weighing unit is moved to AB-1500mm, CD-0mm and EF-1500mm, an axle distance calibration instrument with a cylindrical fixing rod is lifted and installed on a first auxiliary beam main cylinder, three fastening screws are screwed up to ensure the fastening of a support frame, the axle distance calibration instrument is placed at two points A, E, the weighing unit A, E is pushed by hands, the clearance between a calibration plate of the axle distance calibration instrument and a support wheel of the weighing unit is plugged by a feeler gauge, and 4 points are ensured to be contacted;
S2, entering a metering mode, and inputting and storing data given by a wheel base calibration instrument calibration certificate at a position parameter 017 of a point A of a weighing unit; at the position parameter 021 of the point A of the weighing unit, inputting and storing data given by a calibration certificate of a calibration instrument; the data given by the wheelbase calibration instrument calibration certificate is one half of the data of the center distance of the Y-shaped calibration plate, and the data recorded each time is the data given by the wheelbase calibration instrument calibration certificate.
S3, exiting a metering mode, lifting up a wheelbase calibration instrument, moving a weighing unit to AB-1500mm, CD-1500mm and EF-2500mm according to the wheelbase of a locomotive bogie, installing the wheelbase calibration instrument, placing the wheelbase calibration instrument at A, C points, pushing the weighing unit A, C by hand, and plugging a gap between a calibration plate of the wheelbase calibration instrument and a supporting wheel of the weighing unit by using a feeler gauge to ensure that 4 points are all contacted; entering a metering mode, inputting and storing data given by a calibration certificate of a calibration instrument at the position parameter 019 of the point A of the weighing unit, and completing the position calibration of the A, C, E weighing units on one side of the main oil cylinder;
S4, detaching a wheelbase calibration instrument, installing the wheelbase calibration instrument on a second main oil cylinder of the test bed, screwing up the three fastening screws, ensuring the fastening of the support frame, and calibrating the positions of the three weighing units of the test bed B, D, F according to the method; the calibration plate is arranged on the supporting wheels of all the weighing units, and a clearance between the calibration plate and the supporting wheels of the weighing units is plugged by using a feeler gauge;
Step six, master cylinder height calibration (Z-axis): after loading the bogie on the equipment, measuring and calculating the height of the main oil cylinder through a level gauge;
step seven, calibrating the wheel shoulder of the bogie test bed: the wheel shoulder refers to the edge of the supporting wheel of the weighing unit, which is close to the center side of the test bed; the wheel measuring units refer to two groups of supporting wheels on the weighing units which are arranged on the outer sides of the guide rails and are transversely symmetrical along the test bed, and are called a group of measuring units;
S1, pressing a wheel shoulder calibration instrument to a wheel measurement unit of a trolley frame, manually leaning the calibration instrument against the measurement unit, and ensuring that a laser sensor displays a specified working plane, namely the wheel shoulder of a group of measurement units; the instruction codes 029-034 in the metering mode correspond to points A-F respectively, and the specified size on the certificate is input into software and stored;
S2, rotating the shoulder calibration instrument by 180 degrees, pressing the shoulder calibration instrument onto a trolley frame supporting wheel, aligning the shoulder calibration instrument with a laser sensor, inputting the size designated on a certificate as a second point into software, and storing the second point;
S3, repeating the process, and calibrating B, C, D, E, F weighing units in sequence;
S4, finally, checking and measuring; aligning the two ends of the calibration measuring instrument with the laser sensor, and comparing the measured value on the equipment with the calibrated size on the certificate; the measured value on the equipment is consistent with the calibrated size on the certificate, so that the calibration meets the requirements; if the data is inconsistent, indicating that the calibration is erroneous, the calibration should be re-calibrated until the data is consistent.
Step eight, processing of calibration results and calibration period
S1, after calibration, a bogie test bed geometric parameter calibration report is provided;
s2, calibrating the bogie test bed for one year, wherein the bogie test bed needs to be calibrated after factors affecting accurate measurement appear;
s3, after 5 years of use, the license of the measuring unit expires, and a special mechanism is required to recalibrate.
The wheelbase calibration instrument used in the second step and the fifth step comprises a support frame, a fixing rod and a calibration plate, wherein the support frame is a triangular support structure formed by a bottom rod and oblique rods which are bilaterally symmetrical, an upright rod is fixedly arranged in the middle of the bottom rod, the two ends of the bottom rod are fixedly provided with the oblique rods, and the other ends of the two oblique rods are fixedly connected with the two sides of the top end of the upright rod; the vertical rod is of a hollow structure and penetrates through a cylindrical central fixing rod, a round connecting disc and a bell socket are fixedly arranged on the upper part of the fixing rod, and three fastening screws are uniformly distributed on the round connecting disc; y-shaped calibration plates are respectively and fixedly arranged at two ends of the support frame downwards, two 45-degree bifurcation angle plates are arranged at the lower parts of the Y-shaped calibration plates, the end heads of the angle plates are 45-degree intersection sections, and the center distance of the sections of the two angle plates is consistent with the distance between two wheels of each group of support wheels; when the device is installed and used, the faucet at the top end of the fixing rod is connected with the extending shaft at the lower part of the oil cylinder in a matched manner, three fastening screws arranged on the round connecting disc are screwed down, and the wheelbase calibration instrument is fixedly connected to the lower part of the oil cylinder.
The shoulder calibration instrument used in the second step and the seventh step comprises a fixing groove and a span beam which form an integrated structure, wherein the fixing groove is L-shaped angle steel, and the span beam is fixedly arranged at the middle position of the outer sides of the two fixing grooves; when the device is used, the wheel shoulder calibration instrument is pressed onto the wheel measurement unit of the trolley frame, and the fixing grooves at the two ends of the wheel shoulder calibration instrument are pressed onto the supporting wheels of the trolley frame.
And step seven, rotating the shoulder calibration instrument by 180 degrees to furthest eliminate errors caused by human operation, so that the calibration work is more accurate.
The wheel base calibration instrument and the wheel shoulder calibration instrument are self-made special calibration instruments designed according to technical parameters such as wheel base and the like after the locomotive bogie is assembled, a plurality of technical parameters of the complex locomotive bogie after being assembled are converted into technical data through the self-made calibration instruments and fed back to the bogie test bed, and the technical data are output in real condition simulation by the test bed, so that the purpose of measuring and detecting the output data of the bogie test bed is achieved. The bogie test bed is calibrated by using the wheelbase calibration instrument and the wheel shoulder calibration instrument, so that the test bed meets the requirements of tracing the output data of the symmetrical bogie and transmitting the magnitude, the calibration work is simplified and standardized, and the calibration work efficiency and accuracy of the test bed are improved. The problem that can appear just after the locomotive falls into online test run in advance is reflected through experimental data, and the reference of supply technicians is used, and the problem analysis is facilitated for the technicians, avoids unnecessary manual work, material waste and time waste because of solving the problem.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through using digital level gauge, wheelbase calibration instrument, shoulder calibration instrument, standardize the operation of calibrator, under the measurement mode, manual input instruction, accomplish the geometric sense calibration of test bench, with the detection scheme complicacy, need professional equipment operation, professional maintenance personnel install large-scale detection frock, the complex process that the measurement personnel cooperates together to accomplish cycle detection calibration is standardized, specializedly, effectively avoid not having the calibration method, cause factors such as equipment damage easily, crisis personal safety, stability and reliability when realizing the test bench calibration, work quality and work efficiency are promoted, operation safe and reliable has been guaranteed. The invention has scientific and reasonable design, simple structure and convenient use, can accurately complete the geometric dimension calibration of the test bed by adopting the calibration method, standardizes the calibration behavior, can trace the source and transmit the magnitude in industry, meets the geometric dimension calibration requirement of the steering test bed, improves the accuracy and reliability of the weighing test of the locomotive bogie after being assembled, and ensures the product quality and performance of the bogie.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a bogie test stand according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure of the wheelbase calibration apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a shoulder calibration instrument calibration plate of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the shoulder calibration apparatus of the present invention.
The marks in the figure: 1. a base; 2. a column; 3. a cross beam; 4.a first main oil cylinder; 5. a second main cylinder; 6. a guide rail; 7. a shoulder calibration instrument; 701. a fixing groove; 702. a bridge; 8. a wheelbase calibration instrument; 801. a support frame; 802. a fixing rod; 803. a calibration plate; 804.a bottom bar; 805. a diagonal rod; 806. a vertical rod; 807. a connecting disc; 808. a socket; 809. a corner plate; 9. a weighing unit A; 10. a weighing unit B; 11. a weighing unit C; 12. a weighing unit D; 13. a weighing unit E; 14. a weighing unit F; 15. and a supporting wheel.
Detailed Description
The following describes the present invention in further detail.
The geometric measurement calibration steps of the bogie test bed are as follows:
Step one, preparation before calibration: when the bogie test bed is calibrated, a person who has to be authenticated by the technology operates on the management level set by the test bed, and enters a metering calibration mode through a selection window; preparation work before calibration:
s1, ensuring that a bogie does not exist on a test bed;
s2, starting up to enter an operation mode, and setting a device state;
S3, placing the calibration instrument on equipment, accurately placing the calibration instrument on a bogie test bed, wherein the step cannot be automatically completed, and the step must be manually operated by an operator with great care, and the position and the state of the equipment are completed through calibration instructions;
Step two, preparing calibration equipment:
The calibration equipment used was: an automatic digital level, a wheelbase calibration instrument 8 and a wheel shoulder calibration instrument 7;
s1, calibrating an instrument for the wheelbase of a bogie test bed: the wheelbase calibration instrument 8 should be calibrated annually, and used according to the data given by the calibration certificate;
S2, a bogie shoulder calibration instrument: the shoulder calibration instrument 7 should be calibrated annually, and used according to the data given by the calibration certificate;
S3, a height measuring instrument: an automatic digital level for measuring the level and level difference;
S4, an application method of the automatic digital level gauge comprises the following steps:
S4.1, arranging a level on a tripod and arranging the level at the front end of a test bed in a short distance;
S4.2, adjusting a knob below the level to be free of a beep, and adjusting the level to be in a horizontal position;
S4.3, aligning the level with the middle position of the bar code of the measuring rod, and pressing a blue button on the right side of the level to automatically focus and automatically measure;
s4.4, reading Rh on the display to be horizontal;
step three, appearance inspection: before calibration, cleaning the running surface of the linear guide rail 6 by clean cloth to ensure that the running surface is clean and has no appearance defects such as rust and the like which affect the calibration result;
Step four, horizontal calibration:
S1, calibrating horizontal errors of guide rail foundations of a bogie test bed: the automatic digital level gauge is connected with the tripod and is installed, and the level is adjusted; the measuring rod is connected to 2m, the measuring rod is placed at the position of the foundation at the point A, after the automatic digital level is adjusted to be aligned with the middle position of the bar code of the measuring rod, a blue measuring key of the level is pressed, the level is automatically focused to measure the reading, the level Rh is a measured height value, the foundation level height values at the point A, B, E, F are sequentially measured according to the method, the foundation level height values at the four points A, B, E, F are recorded, the difference between the measured maximum value and the measured minimum value is the foundation level error of the guide rail, the condition that the difference is smaller than 0.5mm is qualified, and the foundation level is adjusted when the difference is larger than 0.5 mm;
S2, calibrating the horizontal error of the weighing unit of the bogie test bed: the horizontal error of the weighing unit is the calibration of the horizontal error of six points of the guide rail base A, B, C, D, E, F, firstly, the guide rail is reduced, then, the leveling instrument and the measuring rod are adjusted, the measuring rod is respectively provided with six points of the weighing unit A9, the weighing unit B10, the weighing unit C11, the weighing unit D12, the weighing unit E13 and the weighing unit F14, after the leveling instrument is adjusted to be aligned with the middle position of the bar code of the measuring rod, the leveling instrument automatically focuses and measures the reading according to the blue measuring key of the leveling instrument, the difference between the measured maximum value and the measured minimum value is the horizontal error of the weighing unit, and the difference is qualified when the difference is smaller than 0.2mm, and the adjustment of the horizontal of the weighing unit should be carried out when the difference is larger than 0.2 mm;
Step five, calibrating the position of the weighing unit: namely, the weighing unit is calibrated in a centering way; detecting whether the wheel moves along the axis or not, and whether the width of the gauge is correspondingly changed or not; this function is dedicated to use in the calibration maintenance of the bogie. The rail Rectangular gauge is arranged between the two guide rails and is close to the guide rails, and the width of the gauge is automatically measured by +/-0.2 mm of two laser position instrument sensors on the left and right sides of the bogie;
S1, an auxiliary beam does not need to be removed, and a wheelbase calibration instrument 8 is installed;
Firstly, a weighing unit is moved to AB-1500mm, CD-0mm and EF-1500mm, a wheelbase calibration instrument 8 with a cylindrical fixing rod 802 is lifted and installed on a primary cylinder I4 of an auxiliary beam 3, three fastening screws are screwed up to ensure the fastening of a supporting frame 801, the wheelbase calibration instrument 8 is placed at two points A, E, a weighing unit A9 and a weighing unit E13 are pushed by hands, and gaps between a calibration plate 803 of the wheelbase calibration instrument 8 and supporting wheels 15 of the weighing unit are plugged by using a feeler gauge to ensure that the 4 points are contacted;
S2, entering a metering mode, inputting 1499.98 according to data given by a calibration certificate of a wheelbase calibration instrument 8 at a position parameter 017 of a point A9 of a weighing unit, and storing; at the position parameter 021 of the point A9 of the weighing unit, inputting 1499.98 according to the data given by the calibration certificate of the calibration instrument, and storing;
S3, exiting a metering mode, lifting up the wheelbase calibration instrument 8, moving the weighing unit to AB-1500mm, CD-1500mm and EF-2500mm, installing the wheelbase calibration instrument 8, placing the wheelbase calibration instrument 8 at two A, C points, pushing the weighing unit A9 and the weighing unit C11 by hands, and plugging a gap between a calibration plate 803 of the wheelbase calibration instrument 8 and a weighing unit supporting wheel 15 by using a feeler gauge to ensure that the 4 points are all contacted; then entering a metering mode, inputting 1499.98 at the position parameter 019 of the point A of the weighing unit according to data given by a calibration certificate of a calibration instrument, and completing the position calibration of A, C, E weighing units on the side 4 of the main oil cylinder according to the stored data;
S4, detaching a wheelbase calibration instrument, installing the wheelbase calibration instrument on a test bed main oil cylinder II 5, screwing up the three fastening screws, ensuring the fastening of the support 801, and calibrating the positions of the three weighing units of the test bed B, D, F according to the method; the calibration plate 803 is to be placed on all the support wheels 15 of the weighing cells, and the clearance between the plate 803 and the support wheels 15 of the weighing cells is calibrated with a feeler gauge;
Step six, master cylinder height calibration (Z-axis): after loading the bogie on the equipment, measuring and calculating the heights of the first main oil cylinder 4 and the second main oil cylinder 5 through a level gauge;
Step seven, calibrating the wheel shoulder of the bogie test bed:
S1, pressing and placing a wheel shoulder calibration instrument 7 on a wheel measurement unit of a trolley frame, manually leaning the calibration instrument against the measurement unit, and ensuring that a laser sensor displays a designated working plane; the instruction codes 029-034 in the metering mode correspond to points A-F respectively, and the size 33.05 (such as A029) specified on the certificate is input into software (such as Rmsyr 1) and stored;
S2, rotating the shoulder calibration instrument 7 by 180 degrees, pressing the shoulder calibration instrument onto the trolley frame supporting wheel 15, aligning the shoulder calibration instrument with the laser sensor, inputting the size 83.05 designated on the certificate as a second point into software, and storing the size 83.05;
S3, repeating the process, and calibrating B, C, D, E, F weighing units in sequence;
S4, finally, checking and measuring; aligning the two ends of the calibration measuring instrument with the laser sensor, and comparing the measured value on the equipment with the calibrated size 1315.97 on the certificate; the measured value on the equipment is consistent with the calibrated size on the certificate, so that the calibration meets the requirements; if the data is inconsistent, indicating that the calibration is erroneous, the calibration should be re-calibrated until the data is consistent.
Step eight, processing of calibration results and calibration period
S1, after calibration, a bogie test bed geometric parameter calibration report is provided, and is shown in a table 1;
s2, calibrating the bogie test bed for one year, wherein the bogie test bed needs to be calibrated after factors affecting accurate measurement appear;
s3, after 5 years of use, the license of the measuring unit expires, and a special mechanism is required to recalibrate.
The wheelbase calibration instrument 8 used in the second step and the fifth step comprises a support frame 801, a fixing rod 802 and a calibration plate 803, wherein the support frame 801 is a triangular support structure formed by a bottom rod 804 and left-right symmetrical inclined rods 805, upright rods 806 are fixedly arranged in the middle of the bottom rod 804, inclined rods 805 are fixedly arranged at two ends of the bottom rod 804, and the other ends of the two inclined rods 805 are fixedly connected with two sides of the top ends of the upright rods 806; the upright rod 806 is of a hollow structure and penetrates through a cylindrical central fixing rod 802, a circular connecting disc 807 and a bell and spigot 808 are fixedly arranged on the upper part of the fixing rod 802, and three fastening screws are uniformly distributed on the circular connecting disc 807; two ends of the support frame 801 are downwards and fixedly provided with Y-shaped calibration plates 803 respectively, two 45-degree bifurcation angle plates 809 are arranged at the lower part of the Y-shaped calibration plates 803, the end heads of the angle plates 809 are 45-degree crossed sections, and the center distance of the sections of the two angle plates 809 is consistent with the distance between two wheels of each group of support wheels 15; when the device is installed and used, the bell and spigot 808 at the top end of the fixing rod 802 is matched and connected with the extending shaft at the lower part of the oil cylinder, and three fastening screws arranged on the circular connecting disc 807 are screwed down to fixedly connect the wheelbase calibration instrument 8 at the lower part of the oil cylinder.
The shoulder calibration instrument 7 used in the second step and the seventh step comprises a fixing groove 701 and a span beam 702, and forms an integrated structure, wherein the fixing groove is 701L-shaped angle steel, and the span beam 702 is fixedly arranged at the middle position of the outer sides of the two fixing grooves 701; in use, the shoulder calibration apparatus 7 is pressed onto the wheel measurement unit of the carriage, and the two end fixing grooves 701 of the shoulder calibration apparatus 7 are pressed onto the carriage support wheels 15.
Claims (3)
1. A geometric measurement size calibration method of a bogie test bed is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the step of calibrating the geometric measurement of the bogie test bed is as follows:
Step one, preparation before calibration: when the bogie test bed is calibrated, a person who has to be authenticated by the technology operates on the management level set by the test bed, and enters a metering calibration mode through a selection window; preparation work before calibration:
s1, ensuring that a bogie does not exist on a test bed;
s2, starting up to enter an operation mode, and setting a device state;
S3, placing the calibration instrument on equipment, accurately placing the calibration instrument on a bogie test bed, wherein the step cannot be automatically completed, and the step must be manually operated by an operator with great care, and the position and the state of the equipment are completed through calibration instructions;
Step two, preparing calibration equipment:
The calibration equipment used was: an automatic digital level, a wheelbase calibration instrument and a wheel shoulder calibration instrument;
S1, calibrating an instrument for the wheelbase of a bogie test bed: the wheelbase calibrator is used for calibrating every year according to data given by a calibration certificate;
S2, a bogie shoulder calibration instrument: the shoulder calibration instrument should be calibrated annually and used according to the data given by the calibration certificate;
S3, a height measuring instrument: an automatic digital level for measuring the level and level difference;
S4, an application method of the automatic digital level gauge comprises the following steps:
S4.1, arranging a level on a tripod and arranging the level at the front end of a test bed in a short distance;
S4.2, adjusting a knob below the level to be free of a beep, and adjusting the level to be in a horizontal position;
S4.3, aligning the level with the middle position of the bar code of the measuring rod, and pressing a blue button on the right side of the level to automatically focus and automatically measure;
s4.4, reading Rh on the display to be horizontal;
Step three, appearance inspection: before calibration, cleaning the running surface of the linear guide rail by clean cloth to ensure that the running surface is clean and no appearance defect that rust influences a calibration result is generated;
Step four, horizontal calibration:
S1, calibrating horizontal errors of guide rail foundations of a bogie test bed: the automatic digital level gauge is connected with the tripod and is installed, and the level is adjusted; the measuring rod is connected to 2m, the measuring rod is placed at the position of the foundation at the point A, after the automatic digital level is adjusted to be aligned with the middle position of the bar code of the measuring rod, a blue measuring key of the level is pressed, the level is automatically focused to measure the reading, the level Rh is a measured height value, the foundation level height values at the point A, B, E, F are sequentially measured according to the method, the foundation level height values at the four points A, B, E, F are recorded, the difference between the measured maximum value and the measured minimum value is the foundation level error of the guide rail, the condition that the difference is smaller than 0.5mm is qualified, and the foundation level is adjusted when the difference is larger than 0.5 mm;
S2, calibrating the horizontal error of the weighing unit of the bogie test bed: the horizontal error of the weighing unit is the calibration of the horizontal error of six points of the guide rail base A, B, C, D, E, F, firstly, the guide rail is lowered, then the leveling instrument and the measuring rod are adjusted, the measuring rod is respectively placed at six points of the weighing unit A, B, C, D, E, F, after the leveling instrument is adjusted to be aligned with the middle position of the bar code of the measuring rod, the leveling instrument is pressed to measure the reading by blue measuring key, the leveling instrument automatically focuses, the difference between the measured maximum value and the minimum value is the horizontal error of the weighing unit, and the difference is qualified when the difference is smaller than 0.2mm, and the adjustment of the horizontal of the weighing unit is required when the difference is larger than 0.2 mm;
step five, calibrating the position of the weighing unit: namely, the weighing unit is calibrated in a centering way; detecting whether the wheel moves along the axis, and whether the width of the gauge is correspondingly changed, wherein the function is special for the calibration maintenance of the bogie; the rail Rectangular gauge is arranged between the two guide rails and is close to the guide rails, and the width of the gauge is automatically measured by +/-0.2 mm of two laser position instrument sensors on the left and right sides of the bogie;
S1, an auxiliary cross beam does not need to be removed, and a wheelbase calibration instrument is installed;
Firstly, according to the axle distance of a locomotive bogie, a weighing unit is moved to AB-1500mm, CD-0mm and EF-1500mm, an axle distance calibration instrument with a cylindrical fixing rod is lifted and installed on a first auxiliary beam main cylinder, three fastening screws are screwed up to ensure the fastening of a support frame, the axle distance calibration instrument is placed at two points A, E, the weighing unit A, E is pushed by hands, the clearance between a calibration plate of the axle distance calibration instrument and a support wheel of the weighing unit is plugged by a feeler gauge, and 4 points are ensured to be contacted;
S2, entering a metering mode, and inputting and storing data given by a wheel base calibration instrument calibration certificate at a position parameter 017 of a point A of a weighing unit; at the position parameter 021 of the point A of the weighing unit, inputting and storing data given by a calibration certificate of a calibration instrument;
S3, exiting a metering mode, lifting up a wheelbase calibration instrument, moving a weighing unit to AB-1500mm, CD-1500mm and EF-2500mm according to the wheelbase of a locomotive bogie, installing the wheelbase calibration instrument, placing the wheelbase calibration instrument at A, C points, pushing the weighing unit A, C by hand, and plugging a gap between a calibration plate of the wheelbase calibration instrument and a supporting wheel of the weighing unit by using a feeler gauge to ensure that 4 points are all contacted; entering a metering mode, inputting and storing data given by a calibration certificate of a calibration instrument at the position parameter 019 of the point A of the weighing unit, and completing the position calibration of the A, C, E weighing units on one side of the main oil cylinder;
S4, detaching a wheelbase calibration instrument, installing the wheelbase calibration instrument on a second main oil cylinder of the test bed, screwing up the three fastening screws, ensuring the fastening of the support frame, and calibrating the positions of the three weighing units of the test bed B, D, F according to the method; the calibration plate is arranged on the supporting wheels of all the weighing units, and a clearance between the calibration plate and the supporting wheels of the weighing units is plugged by using a feeler gauge;
Step six, master cylinder height calibration (Z-axis): after loading the bogie on the equipment, measuring and calculating the height of the main oil cylinder through a level gauge;
Step seven, calibrating the wheel shoulder of the bogie test bed:
S1, pressing a wheel shoulder calibration instrument to a wheel measurement unit of a trolley frame, manually leaning the calibration instrument against the measurement unit, and ensuring that a laser sensor displays a specified working plane, namely the wheel shoulder of a group of measurement units; the instruction codes 029-034 in the metering mode correspond to points A-F respectively, and the specified size on the certificate is input into software and stored;
S2, rotating the shoulder calibration instrument by 180 degrees, pressing the shoulder calibration instrument onto a trolley frame supporting wheel, aligning the shoulder calibration instrument with a laser sensor, inputting the size designated on a certificate as a second point into software, and storing the second point;
s3, repeating the step processes of S1 and S2 in the fifth step, and calibrating B, C, D, E, F weighing units in sequence;
s4, finally, checking and measuring; aligning the two ends of the calibration measuring instrument with the laser sensor, and comparing the measured value on the equipment with the calibrated size on the certificate; the measured value on the equipment is consistent with the calibrated size on the certificate, so that the calibration meets the requirements; if the data are inconsistent, indicating that the calibration has errors, and recalibrating until the data are consistent;
Step eight, processing a calibration result and a calibration period:
s1, after calibration, a bogie test bed geometric parameter calibration report is provided;
s2, calibrating the bogie test bed for one year, wherein the bogie test bed needs to be calibrated after factors affecting accurate measurement appear;
s3, after 5 years of use, the license of the measuring unit expires, and a special mechanism is required to recalibrate.
2. A method of calibrating geometric dimensions of a truck bed according to claim 1, wherein: the wheelbase calibration instrument comprises a support frame, a fixing rod and a calibration plate, wherein the support frame is a triangular support structure formed by a bottom rod and left-right symmetrical diagonal rods, a vertical rod is fixedly arranged in the middle of the bottom rod, diagonal rods are fixedly arranged at two ends of the bottom rod, and the other ends of the two diagonal rods are fixedly connected with two sides of the top end of the vertical rod; the vertical rod is of a hollow structure and penetrates through a cylindrical central fixing rod, a round connecting disc and a bell socket are fixedly arranged on the upper part of the fixing rod, and three fastening screws are uniformly distributed on the round connecting disc; y-shaped calibration plates are downwards and fixedly arranged at two ends of the support frame respectively, two 45-degree bifurcation angle plates are arranged at the lower parts of the Y-shaped calibration plates, and the end heads of the angle plates are 45-degree intersection sections.
3. A method of calibrating geometric dimensions of a truck bed according to claim 1, wherein: the shoulder calibration instrument comprises a fixing groove and a span beam, and forms an integrated structure, wherein the fixing groove is L-shaped angle steel, and the span beam is fixedly arranged at the middle position of the outer sides of the two fixing grooves.
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