CN113565504A - Hydraulic rock breaking process capable of simultaneously splitting multiple points in drill hole - Google Patents
Hydraulic rock breaking process capable of simultaneously splitting multiple points in drill hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN113565504A CN113565504A CN202110777145.2A CN202110777145A CN113565504A CN 113565504 A CN113565504 A CN 113565504A CN 202110777145 A CN202110777145 A CN 202110777145A CN 113565504 A CN113565504 A CN 113565504A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
Abstract
A hydraulic rock breaking process capable of simultaneously splitting rocks at multiple points in a drill hole comprises the following steps: A. drilling; B. splitting guns are connected in series; C. splitting a gun into a hole; D. splitting; E. a cleavage gun outlet; F. switching the next drilling hole; the rock drilling device is connected with a plurality of splitting guns in series, when the tensile stress caused by the splitting force of the splitting guns in the rock exceeds the tensile strength of the rock, the rock is cracked at a plurality of positions in the axial direction of a drill hole, two adjacent cracks extend gradually along with the continuous transverse expansion of a splitting block, and finally a through macroscopic fracture surface is formed in the depth range of the drill hole in the rock; the splitting gun overcomes the defect that the splitting depth of the existing splitting gun is insufficient and the rock breaking efficiency is low, and can achieve the purposes of simultaneously splitting at multiple points and deepening the splitting depth in a drill hole so as to improve the splitting rock breaking efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of a construction process for carrying out non-blasting crushing on rock by a hydraulic splitting method, and particularly relates to a rock hydraulic rock breaking process capable of simultaneously splitting multiple points in a drill hole.
Background
At present, the general process for breaking rock by adopting a hydraulic fracturing gun is as follows: (1) drilling a plurality of drill holes with proper intervals on the surface of the excavated rock by using a drilling machine, wherein the diameter of each drill hole is slightly larger than the maximum size of the cross section of the splitting head, and the depth of each drill hole is generally not more than 50 cm; (2) inserting a splitting head (the splitting head comprises a middle wedge block and two half-moon-shaped splitting blocks) of a splitting gun into the drill hole, and connecting an oil pump with the splitting gun by adopting an oil pipe; (4) starting an oil pump, opening an oil path switch, and pushing a middle wedge block of the splitting head to extend forwards by an oil cylinder piston; (5) the middle wedge block extends out and simultaneously extrudes the splitting blocks at the two sides to expand towards the side surface so as to apply lateral splitting force to the wall of the drilling hole; (6) when the lateral splitting force causes the tensile stress inside the rock to exceed the tensile strength of the rock, the rock undergoes splitting failure, with the splitting depth being slightly greater than the drilling depth.
As seen from the construction process of the hydraulic splitting gun at the present stage, the splitting gun can only insert the splitting head into the drill hole, and the splitting depth is very limited due to the limited length of the splitting head, so that the rock breaking efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a rock hydraulic rock breaking process capable of simultaneously breaking multiple points in a drill hole.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a hydraulic rock breaking process capable of simultaneously splitting rocks at multiple points in a drill hole comprises the following steps:
A. drilling: pre-drilling a plurality of drill holes on the surface of the rock by adopting a drilling machine, wherein the aperture is larger than the outer diameter of a splitting gun which is based on a multistage serial hydraulic oil cylinder and can be connected in series, and the hole depth is determined according to the total length of the splitting gun which is pre-connected in series;
B. splitting gun concatenates: connecting a plurality of second quick-release connectors and first quick-release connectors of the splitting gun which can be connected in series based on a plurality of multi-stage series hydraulic oil cylinders in sequence from head to tail by using hydraulic oil pipes on the ground beside a drill hole, and connecting a hydraulic pump station with a tail end oil cylinder of the first splitting gun by using the oil pipes;
C. splitting a gun into a hole: sequentially hoisting a plurality of splitting guns which are connected in series into the drill hole in a mechanical or manual mode, and adjusting the angle of the splitting guns in the horizontal direction in the hole according to the attitude of the free surface to ensure that the splitting front support expansion direction of each splitting gun is perpendicular to the connecting line direction of the drill hole or the trend of the free surface;
D. splitting: starting a hydraulic pump station, opening an oil way, enabling hydraulic oil to enter oil inlet cavities of the oil cylinders through oil inlet pipelines, pushing piston rod assemblies of the oil cylinders to move, enabling wedge blocks of a plurality of splitting guns in the drill holes to extend outwards under the pushing of the piston rod assemblies of the oil cylinders respectively, and simultaneously extruding the splitting front supports to expand transversely to apply splitting force to the inner walls of the drill holes;
E. splitting gun outlet: adjusting an oil path reversing valve to change the flowing direction of hydraulic oil, enabling the hydraulic oil to enter a return cavity of each oil cylinder through an oil return pipeline, pushing piston rod assemblies of the oil cylinders to move reversely, enabling the piston rod assemblies in the oil cylinders of the splitting guns to return, drawing wedge blocks to return to the initial positions, enabling the splitting blocks to be separated from the wall of a drill hole, and then sequentially lifting the splitting guns out of the drill hole in a mechanical or manual mode to complete the current drilling splitting process;
F. switching to the next borehole: the step A, B, C, D, E is repeated.
The rear part of a tail end cylinder barrel is provided with two groups of first quick-release connectors, one group of first quick-release connectors is communicated with an oil return pipeline, the other group of first quick-release connectors is communicated with an oil inlet pipeline, a tail end piston rod assembly is arranged in the tail end cylinder barrel, at least one group of middle cylinder barrels are arranged between the tail end cylinder barrel and the front end cylinder barrel, a front end piston rod assembly is arranged in the front end cylinder barrel, a middle piston rod assembly is arranged in the middle cylinder barrel, a piston rod of the tail end piston rod assembly is communicated with a piston of the first group of middle piston rod assemblies, piston rods of the other middle piston rod assemblies are communicated with the head and the tail of the piston, a piston rod of the last group of middle piston rod assemblies is communicated with a piston of the front end piston rod assembly, a front end cover is arranged at the front part of the front end cylinder barrel and connected with a front support guide cylinder, a wedge block is arranged in the front support guide cylinder, one end of the wedge block is connected with a piston rod of the front end piston rod assembly extending out of the front end cover, The other end stretches into and is fixed in inside the splitting front stay on the front stay guide cylinder through the fixed pin, the oil inlet pipeline sets up inside tail end piston rod subassembly and middle piston rod subassembly, it sets up in the front end cylinder to return the oil pipe way, middle cylinder, inside the tail end cylinder wall, the voussoir both sides are provided with two sets of second quick-release connectors, a set of quick-release connector is linked together with the oil return pipeline that sets up in the front end cap, another set of quick-release connector is linked together with the oil inlet pipeline that sets up in the front end cap, the oil return pipeline of front end cap is linked together with front end cylinder left end space, the oil inlet pipeline of front end cap is linked together through setting up the inside oil circuit and the front end cylinder right-hand member space of front end cylinder wall.
The front end cylinder barrel, the middle cylinder barrel and the tail end cylinder barrel are identical in outer diameter and are identical to the maximum size of the cross section of the splitting front support.
The front end cylinder barrel, the middle cylinder barrel and the tail end cylinder barrel are equal in length and cross sectional area, and the strokes of the piston assemblies corresponding to the cylinder barrels are equal.
The splitting front support is two half-moon-shaped splitting blocks connected through a return spring, and a wedge block is inserted into the middle parts of the two half-moon-shaped splitting blocks.
The middle cylinder barrel of the invention is as follows: the middle cylinder body is a hollow cylinder, the step hole is formed in the inner portion of the left end of the middle cylinder body, the mounting protrusion is formed in the right end of the middle cylinder body, the first gasket groove is formed in the outer portion of the mounting protrusion, the piston rod mounting hole is formed in the inner portion of the mounting protrusion, the second gasket groove is formed in the contact position of the piston rod and the piston rod, the oil return hole is formed in the middle cylinder body and the inner portion of the mounting protrusion, the opening of one end of the oil return hole is located in the right end of the mounting protrusion, and the opening of the other end of the oil return hole is located in the inner wall of the left end of the middle cylinder body and located at the right end of the step hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the plurality of splitting guns are connected in series, when the tensile stress caused by the splitting force of the plurality of splitting guns in the rock exceeds the tensile strength of the rock, the rock is cracked at a plurality of positions in the axial direction of the drill hole, and two adjacent cracks extend gradually along with the continuous transverse expansion of the splitting block, so that a through macroscopic fracture surface is finally formed in the depth range of the drill hole in the rock, the defect that the existing splitting guns are insufficient in splitting depth and low in rock breaking efficiency is overcome, and the purposes of simultaneously splitting and deepening the splitting depth of the rock at different depths in the same drill hole so as to improve the splitting and rock breaking efficiency can be realized.
2. The splitting gun adopts the mode that all levels of oil cylinders are connected in series, the lengths and the cross sections of the front end cylinder barrel, the middle cylinder barrel and the tail end cylinder barrel are equal, the strokes of the piston assemblies corresponding to all the cylinder barrels are equal, the output load is provided by the multistage series hydraulic oil cylinders, the output load is the sum of the loads of the oil cylinders, splitting of materials such as rocks is carried out by adopting a pushing wedge splitting principle, and the splitting thrust of each wedge is increased.
3. The splitting gun can be inserted into a drill hole, the plurality of splitting guns are connected in series, the defect that the existing splitting gun cannot be inserted into the drill hole can be overcome, the whole splitting gun comprising the oil cylinder and the splitting head can be completely inserted into the drill hole matched with the splitting gun, and the purpose of continuously splitting rocks at different depth parts of a single drill hole along with the change of the depth of the splitting gun in the depth range of the drill hole can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view B-B of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the intermediate cylinder 7 in fig. 4.
In the figure: 1. splitting a front support; 2. a wedge block; 3. a front support guide cylinder; 4. a front end cap; 5. a front end cylinder barrel; 6. a front end piston; 7. a middle cylinder barrel; 8. an intermediate piston; 9. a tail end cylinder barrel; 10. a tail end piston; 11. a first quick disconnect; 12. a fixing pin; 13. a second quick disconnect; 14. a return spring; 7-1, a middle cylinder barrel body; 7-2, mounting a bulge; a. an oil return hole; b. a first gasket groove; c. a second gasket groove; d. a piston rod mounting hole; e. a stepped bore.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
In fig. 1, the hydraulic rock breaking process for rock capable of simultaneously splitting at multiple points in a drill hole, which is related by the invention, comprises the following steps:
A. drilling: pre-drilling a plurality of drill holes on the surface of the rock by adopting a drilling machine, wherein the aperture is larger than the outer diameter of a splitting gun which is based on a multistage serial hydraulic oil cylinder and can be connected in series, and the hole depth is determined according to the total length of the splitting gun which is pre-connected in series;
B. splitting gun concatenates: a plurality of (generally 3) second quick-release connectors 13 and first quick-release connectors 11 of the splitting gun which can be connected in series based on a multistage series hydraulic oil cylinder are sequentially connected end to end by hydraulic oil pipes on the ground beside a drill hole, and a hydraulic pump station is connected with a tail end oil cylinder of the first splitting gun by the oil pipes;
C. splitting a gun into a hole: sequentially hoisting a plurality of splitting guns which are connected in series into the drill hole in a mechanical or manual mode, and adjusting the angle of the splitting guns in the horizontal direction in the hole according to the attitude of the free surface to ensure that the expansion direction of a splitting front support 1 of each splitting gun is perpendicular to the connecting line direction of the drill hole or the trend of the free surface;
D. splitting: starting a hydraulic pump station, opening an oil way, enabling hydraulic oil to enter oil inlet cavities of all oil cylinders through oil inlet pipelines, pushing piston rod assemblies of all the oil cylinders to move, enabling wedge blocks 2 of a plurality of splitting guns in a drill hole to extend outwards under the pushing of the piston rod assemblies of the respective oil cylinders, and simultaneously extruding respective splitting front supports 1 to transversely expand to apply splitting force to the inner wall of the drill hole; when the tensile stress caused by the splitting force of the splitting guns in the rock exceeds the tensile strength of the rock, the rock is cracked at a plurality of positions in the axial direction of the drill hole, two adjacent cracks extend gradually along with the continuous transverse expansion of the splitting block, and finally a through macroscopic fracture surface is formed in the depth range of the drill hole in the rock;
E. splitting gun outlet: adjusting an oil path reversing valve to change the flowing direction of hydraulic oil, enabling the hydraulic oil to enter a return cavity of each oil cylinder through an oil return pipeline, pushing piston rod assemblies of the oil cylinders to move reversely, enabling the piston rod assemblies in the oil cylinders of the splitting guns to return, pulling the wedge block 2 to return to an initial position, enabling the splitting blocks to be separated from the wall of a drill hole, and then sequentially lifting the splitting guns out of the drill hole in a mechanical or manual mode to complete the current drilling splitting process;
F. switching to the next borehole: the step A, B, C, D, E is repeated.
In fig. 2-5, the output load of the splitting gun based on the multistage series hydraulic oil cylinder is provided by the multistage series hydraulic oil cylinder, the output load is the sum of the loads of a plurality of oil cylinders, and the splitting of materials such as rocks is carried out by adopting a pushing wedge splitting principle; the movement of all the piston rod assemblies is the same-direction superposition movement, namely, the movement simultaneously moves leftwards to push the wedge block 2 to perform rock splitting, or the movement simultaneously moves rightwards to perform reset after splitting. Furthermore, in order to ensure the serial effect, the outer diameters of all the serially connected sub-cylinders are the same and equal to the maximum size of the cross section of the splitting head; namely, the outer diameters of the front end cylinder 5, the middle cylinder 7 and the tail end cylinder 10 are the same and are equal to the maximum size of the cross section of the splitting front support 1. The length and the cross section area of the front end cylinder barrel 5, the middle cylinder barrel 7 and the tail end cylinder barrel 10 are equal, and the stroke of the piston assembly corresponding to each cylinder barrel is equal. The piston rod assembly is composed of a piston rod and a piston, the piston divides the cylinder barrel into a left end space and a right end space, the right end space is communicated with the oil inlet pipeline, the left end space is communicated with the oil return pipeline, and the piston assembly is pushed to move back and forth by controlling oil inlet and outlet of the oil inlet pipeline and the oil return pipeline, so that other parts are driven to move.
In this embodiment, two sets of first quick release couplings 11 are mounted at the rear part of the tail end cylinder 10, one set of first quick release couplings 11 is communicated with an oil return pipeline, the other set of first quick release couplings 11 is communicated with an oil inlet pipeline, the tail end cylinder 10 is of a hollow cylindrical structure, a tail end piston rod assembly 10 is mounted inside the tail end cylinder 10, at least one set of intermediate cylinder 7 is mounted between the tail end cylinder 10 and the front end cylinder 5, the number of the intermediate cylinder 7 is set according to the specific working condition of the rock to be cleaved, in this embodiment, only 1 set of intermediate cylinder 7 is mounted, an intermediate piston rod assembly 8 is mounted inside the intermediate cylinder 7, the intermediate cylinder 7 is formed by connecting an intermediate cylinder body 7-1 and a mounting protrusion 7-2 into a whole, the intermediate cylinder body 7-1 is a hollow cylinder, a step hole e is processed inside the left end of the intermediate cylinder body 7-1, The right end is processed with a mounting bulge 7-2, a first gasket groove b is processed outside the mounting bulge 7-2, a piston rod mounting hole d is processed inside the mounting bulge 7-2, a second gasket groove c is processed at the contact position of the piston rod mounting hole d inside the mounting bulge 7-2 and the piston rod, an oil return hole a is processed inside the middle cylinder barrel body 7-1 and the mounting bulge 7-2, one end opening of the oil return hole a is located at the right end of the mounting bulge 7-2, and the other end opening is located on the inner wall of the left end of the middle cylinder barrel body 7-1 and located at the right end of the stepped hole e.
A front end piston rod assembly 6 is arranged in the front end cylinder barrel 5, a piston rod of the tail end piston rod assembly 10 is communicated with a piston of the first group of middle piston rod assemblies 8, piston rods of the other middle piston rod assemblies 8 are communicated with the head and the tail of the piston, a piston rod of the last group of middle piston rod assemblies 8 is communicated with the piston of the front end piston rod assembly 6, a front end cover 4 is arranged at the front part of the front end cylinder barrel 5, the front end cover 4 is connected with a front support guide barrel 3, the front support guide barrel 3 is of a hollow cylindrical structure, the outer diameter of the front support guide barrel 3 is the same as that of each sub oil cylinder, a wedge block 2 is arranged in the front support guide barrel 3, one end of the wedge block 2 is connected with the piston rod of the front end piston rod assembly 6 extending out of the front end cover 4, the other end of the wedge block extends into a splitting front support 1 fixed on the front support guide barrel 3 through a fixing pin 12, the splitting front support 1 of the embodiment is two half-moon-shaped splitting blocks connected through a return spring 14, wedge 2 inserts two semilune splitting piece middle parts, and wedge 2 wedges two semilune splitting pieces gradually under the thrust effect of each piston rod subassembly, makes two semilune splitting pieces strut to both sides, and then carries out the rock splitting, and two semilune splitting pieces reset after the back is guaranteed to split by return spring 14.
The oil feed pipeline of this embodiment is processed inside tail end piston rod subassembly 10 and middle piston rod subassembly 8, the processing of the piston rod left end of each piston rod subassembly has the oil outlet, the oil outlet is linked together with the inside oil feed pipeline of piston rod subassembly, oil feed pipeline gives the right-hand member of tail end cylinder 9 and oil feed pipeline fuel feeding earlier, the oil that gets into oil feed pipeline gives middle cylinder 7 through each oil outlet in proper order, the right-hand member space fuel feeding of front end cylinder 5, and then promote each piston rod subassembly and move left, the effort that finally applys each piston rod subassembly superposes on voussoir 2, increase the thrust of voussoir 2 and remove the splitting rock. The oil return pipeline is processed inside the cylinder walls of the front end cylinder 5, the middle cylinder 7 and the tail end cylinder 10, one end of the oil return pipeline in the cylinder wall of the tail end cylinder 10 is positioned at the right end of the tail end cylinder, the other end of the oil return pipeline is positioned at the left end of the inner wall of the tail end cylinder 10 and is communicated with the left end space of the tail end cylinder 10, one end of the oil return pipeline in the cylinder wall of the middle cylinder 7 is positioned at the right end of the middle cylinder 7 and is communicated with the left end space of the tail end cylinder 10, the other end of the oil return pipeline in the cylinder wall of the middle cylinder 7 is positioned at the left end of the inner wall of the middle cylinder 7 and is communicated with the left end space of the middle cylinder 7, one end of the oil return pipeline in the cylinder wall of the front end cylinder 5 is positioned at the right end of the front end cylinder 5 and is communicated with the left end space of the front end cylinder 5, when each piston rod assembly moves leftwards, the left end space of each cylinder shrinks, oil sequentially passes through the left end oil return hole and sequentially passes through the front end cylinder 5, The middle cylinder barrel 7 and the tail end cylinder barrel 10 enter an oil return pipeline to the first quick-release connector 11, when each piston rod assembly moves rightwards, the left end space of each cylinder barrel is enlarged, and oil enters the oil return pipeline to the left end space of each cylinder barrel through the tail end cylinder barrel 10, the middle cylinder barrel 7 and the front end cylinder barrel 5 in sequence through the right end oil return hole.
In order to connect a plurality of splitting guns in series, two groups of second quick-release connectors 13 are arranged on two sides of the wedge block 2, and the second quick-release connectors 13 not only provide a flow path for hydraulic oil, but also have the function of connecting two splitting guns in series. One group of quick-release connectors 13 is communicated with an oil return pipeline processed in the front end cover 4, the other group of quick-release connectors 13 is communicated with an oil inlet pipeline processed in the front end cover 4, the oil return pipeline of the front end cover 4 is communicated with the left end space of the front end cylinder 5, one end of the oil inlet pipeline of the front end cover 4 is opened and processed at the left end of the front end cover 4, the other end of the oil inlet pipeline is opened and processed on the outer side wall of the front end cover 4, an oil inlet pipeline is processed in the lower end cylinder wall of the front end cylinder 5, one end of the oil inlet pipeline of the front end cylinder 5 is opened and processed on the inner side wall of the front end cylinder 5 and is communicated with the oil inlet pipeline on the outer side wall of the front end cover 4, the other end of the oil inlet pipeline of the front end cylinder 5 is opened and processed on the inner side wall of the front end cylinder 5 and is communicated with the right end space of the front end cylinder 5, the oil inlet pipeline and the oil return pipeline of the first-level splitting gun are communicated with the oil inlet pipeline and the oil return pipeline of the second-level splitting gun through the second quick-release connectors 13, and (5) supplying oil for the second-stage splitting gun, and so on. For the splitting guns which can be connected in series, the splitting guns can be connected in series inside the drill hole at the same time, and the purpose of simultaneously splitting a plurality of rocks at different depths inside the drill hole can be achieved.
Claims (7)
1. A hydraulic rock breaking process capable of simultaneously splitting a plurality of points in a drill hole is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. drilling: pre-drilling a plurality of drill holes on the surface of the rock by adopting a drilling machine, wherein the aperture is larger than the outer diameter of a splitting gun which is based on a multistage serial hydraulic oil cylinder and can be connected in series, and the hole depth is determined according to the total length of the splitting gun which is pre-connected in series;
B. splitting gun concatenates: a plurality of second quick-release connectors (13) and first quick-release connectors (11) of the splitting guns which can be connected in series based on the multistage series hydraulic oil cylinders are sequentially connected end to end by hydraulic oil pipes on the ground beside a drill hole, and a hydraulic pump station is connected with a tail end oil cylinder of a first splitting gun by the oil pipes;
C. splitting a gun into a hole: sequentially hoisting a plurality of splitting guns which are connected in series into the drill hole in a mechanical or manual mode, and adjusting the angle of the splitting guns in the horizontal direction in the hole according to the attitude of the free surface to ensure that the expansion direction of a splitting front support (1) of each splitting gun is vertical to the connecting line direction of the drill hole or the trend direction of the free surface;
D. splitting: starting a hydraulic pump station, opening an oil way, enabling hydraulic oil to enter oil inlet cavities of all oil cylinders through oil inlet pipelines, pushing piston rod assemblies of all the oil cylinders to move, enabling wedge blocks (2) of a plurality of splitting guns in a drill hole to extend outwards under the pushing of the piston rod assemblies of the respective oil cylinders, and simultaneously extruding respective splitting front supports (1) to expand transversely to apply splitting force to the inner wall of the drill hole;
E. splitting gun outlet: adjusting an oil path reversing valve to change the flowing direction of hydraulic oil, enabling the hydraulic oil to enter return cavities of all oil cylinders through oil return pipelines, pushing piston rod assemblies of all the oil cylinders to move reversely, enabling the piston rod assemblies inside the oil cylinders of all the splitting guns to return, pulling wedge blocks (2) to return to initial positions, enabling splitting blocks to be separated from the wall of a drill hole, and then sequentially lifting a plurality of splitting guns out of the drill hole in a mechanical or manual mode to complete the current drilling splitting process;
F. switching to the next borehole: the step A, B, C, D, E is repeated.
2. The hydraulic rock breaking process capable of simultaneously breaking rocks at multiple points in a drill hole according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic rock breaking process is characterized in that the hydraulic rock breaking gun capable of being connected in series based on the multistage series hydraulic oil cylinder comprises the following steps: the rear part of the tail end cylinder barrel (10) is provided with two groups of first quick-release connectors (11), one group of first quick-release connectors (11) is communicated with an oil return pipeline, the other group of first quick-release connectors (11) is communicated with an oil inlet pipeline, a tail end piston rod assembly (10) is arranged in the tail end cylinder barrel (10), at least one group of middle cylinder barrels (7) is arranged between the tail end cylinder barrel (10) and the front end cylinder barrel (5), a front end piston rod assembly (6) is arranged in the front end cylinder barrel (5), a middle piston rod assembly (8) is arranged in the middle cylinder barrel (7), the piston rod of the tail end piston rod assembly (10) is communicated with the piston of the first group of middle piston rod assemblies (8), the piston rods of the other middle piston rod assemblies (8) are communicated with the head and the tail of the piston, the piston rod of the last group of middle piston rod assembly (8) is communicated with the piston of the front end piston rod assembly (6), the front part of the front end cylinder (5) is provided with a front end cover (4), the front end cover (4) is connected with a front support guide cylinder (3), a wedge block (2) is arranged in the front support guide cylinder (3), one end of the wedge block (2) is connected with a piston rod of a front end piston rod assembly (6) extending out of the front end cover (4), the other end of the wedge block extends into a split front support (1) fixed on the front support guide cylinder (3) through a fixing pin (12), an oil inlet pipeline is arranged in a tail end piston rod assembly (10) and a middle piston rod assembly (8), an oil return pipeline is arranged in the front end cylinder (5), the middle cylinder (7) and the cylinder wall of the tail end cylinder (10), two sides of the wedge block (2) are provided with two groups of second quick-release connectors (13), one group of quick-release connectors (13) is communicated with an oil return pipeline arranged in the front end cover (4), the other group of quick-release connectors (13) is communicated with the oil inlet pipeline arranged in the front end cover (4), an oil return pipeline of the front end cover (4) is communicated with the left end space of the front end cylinder barrel (5), and an oil inlet pipeline of the front end cover (4) is communicated with the right end space of the front end cylinder barrel (5) through an oil way arranged in the cylinder wall of the front end cylinder barrel (5).
3. The hydraulic rock breaking process capable of simultaneously splitting rocks at multiple points in a drill hole as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the outer diameters of the front end cylinder barrel (5), the middle cylinder barrel (7) and the tail end cylinder barrel (10) are the same and equal to the maximum size of the cross section of the splitting front support (1).
4. The hydraulic rock breaking process capable of simultaneously splitting rocks at multiple points in a drill hole as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the length and the cross section area of the front-end cylinder barrel (5), the middle cylinder barrel (7) and the tail-end cylinder barrel (10) are equal, and the stroke of the piston assembly corresponding to each cylinder barrel is equal.
5. The hydraulic rock breaking process capable of simultaneously splitting rocks at multiple points in a drill hole as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the splitting front support (1) is two half-moon-shaped splitting blocks connected through a return spring (14), and the wedge block (2) is inserted into the middle parts of the two half-moon-shaped splitting blocks.
6. A hydraulic rock breaking process capable of simultaneously splitting rock at multiple points in a borehole according to claim 2, characterized in that the intermediate cylinder (7) is: the middle cylinder barrel body (7-1) is a hollow cylinder, a step hole (e) is machined in the left end of the middle cylinder barrel body (7-1), a mounting protrusion (7-2) is machined in the right end of the middle cylinder barrel body, a first gasket groove (b) is machined in the outer portion of the mounting protrusion (7-2), a piston rod mounting hole (d) is machined in the inner portion of the mounting protrusion, a second gasket groove (c) is machined in the contact portion of the piston rod mounting hole (d) in the inner portion of the mounting protrusion (7-2) and the piston rod, an oil return hole (a) is machined in the middle cylinder barrel body (7-1) and the mounting protrusion (7-2), one end opening of the oil return hole (a) is located at the right end of the mounting protrusion (7-2), and the other end opening is located on the inner wall of the left end of the middle cylinder barrel body (7-1) and located at the right end of the step hole (e).
7. The hydraulic rock breaking process capable of simultaneously splitting rocks at multiple points in a drill hole as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the front end cylinder barrel (5) and the middle cylinder barrel (7) are identical in structure.
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