CN113564753B - Fiber dispersing and collecting device and method based on airflow impact and static electricity - Google Patents
Fiber dispersing and collecting device and method based on airflow impact and static electricity Download PDFInfo
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- CN113564753B CN113564753B CN202110755726.6A CN202110755726A CN113564753B CN 113564753 B CN113564753 B CN 113564753B CN 202110755726 A CN202110755726 A CN 202110755726A CN 113564753 B CN113564753 B CN 113564753B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber dispersing and collecting device and method based on airflow impact and static electricity, wherein the fiber dispersing and collecting device comprises an impact dispersing unit and a static electricity collecting unit which are sequentially connected; the impact dispersion unit comprises a pressure storage container, a pressure release device and a fiber cluster container which are sequentially connected; the static electricity collecting unit comprises a collecting high-potential pole, a collecting low-potential pole and a corresponding first high-voltage power supply. The invention can solve the problems of dispersion and collection of the fibers in the gas phase, can not cause damage and structural damage of the carbon fibers, can keep the dispersion state of the carbon fibers and is beneficial to subsequent reutilization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber preparation, and particularly relates to a fiber dispersing and collecting device and method based on airflow impact and static electricity.
Background
The fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, buildings, aerospace and the like, and has low density, corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical properties. Due to the advantages of low manufacturing cost, diversity of processable shapes, high specific strength and the like, the composite material of the chopped fiber has excellent performance in the application fields of common black body materials, super capacitors, high-performance heat dissipation materials and the like.
Most fibers cause an inevitable agglomeration phenomenon due to high length-diameter ratio and strong van der waals attraction, and the dispersibility of the fibers is a key for ensuring the performance of the fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material.
Numerous fiber dispersion techniques in the liquid phase have been developed, such as addition of liquid phase dispersants, rotor/stator centrifugal dispersion, high compression ratio fluids due to extreme pressure drop, and the like.
For example, patent application No. CN105818398a discloses a liquid phase dispersion method using the combined action of a bio-based surface modifier dopamine and a bio-based thickener, which is environmentally friendly, but has the problems of long treatment time and easy damage to the fiber surface.
In addition to the liquid phase dispersion method, there are also many methods for dispersing fiber in gas phase, for example, the Chinese patent document with publication number CN110963779A discloses a dispersion method for adding mullite fiber cotton into purple sand pug, which uses the purple sand pug and mullite fiber cotton as raw materials, uses SD-JR08D type small rotary vane crusher, UBE-V0.4L type planetary ball mill, JJ-1 type timing electric mixer, double rotary She Hunlian machine, and ZDLA 1400-4T-6K type medium temperature furnace, and obtains the purple sand pottery with mullite fiber uniformly existing in the interior through crushing, dispersing, stirring, suction filtration, mixing, molding and firing.
However, in the gas phase, the conventional ball milling process can completely disperse the 2mm fiber aggregates into 300 μm individual fibers, resulting in the breakage of long fibers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simple and fast dispersion collection method without damaging the fiber surface and changing the original size of the fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fiber dispersion and collection device and method based on airflow impact and static electricity, which solve the problems of dispersion and collection of fibers in a gas phase by adopting airflow impact dispersion and static electricity collection.
A fiber dispersing and collecting device based on airflow impact and static electricity comprises an impact dispersing unit and a static electricity collecting unit which are connected in sequence;
the impact dispersion unit comprises a pressure storage container, a pressure release device and a fiber cluster container which are sequentially connected;
the static electricity collecting unit comprises a collecting high-potential pole, a collecting low-potential pole and a corresponding first high-voltage power supply.
Further, the pressure storage vessel includes, but is not limited to, one or a combination of a positive displacement compressor, a piston compressor, a rotary compressor, a centrifugal compressor, a screw compressor, and a gas cylinder.
Furthermore, an impact baffle is arranged in the fiber cluster container, and the dispersion degree is improved through the impact baffle.
Further, the pressure release device comprises a pressure release shutdown device and a pressure release port;
the pressure release stopping device is used for starting and stopping pressure release in unit time and comprises one or a combination of a pressure limiting valve, a pressure reducing valve, a solenoid valve and the like; the pressure relief port is used for forming high-pressure impact airflow, and the shape of the pressure relief port comprises one or a combination of, but is not limited to, a circle, a square and a mesh; the ratio of the storage pressure of the pressure storage container to the area of the pressure release opening is not less than 8 x 10 6 kPa/m 2 。
The collecting high-potential electrode and the collecting low-potential electrode in the static collecting unit can be made of conductive materials, and insulating medium layers can also be covered on the surfaces of the conductive materials.
Further, the tail part of the static electricity collecting unit is connected with a cyclone dust collector.
Optionally, a charging unit is further arranged between the impact dispersion unit and the static electricity collection unit, and the charging unit comprises a charging high-voltage electrode, a charging low-potential electrode and a corresponding second high-voltage power supply.
Alternatively, the charging unit and the static electricity collecting unit are arranged in the same module, and in this case, the first high-voltage power supply and the second high-voltage power supply can be replaced by the same power supply.
The invention also provides a fiber dispersion and collection method based on airflow impact and static electricity, which adopts the fiber dispersion and collection device without the charging unit and comprises the following steps:
(1) Accumulating gas pressure in the pressure storage container, releasing pressure to the fiber clusters through a pressure release device in unit time, and realizing deagglomeration and dispersion of the fiber clusters through high-pressure airflow impact;
(2) The fibers after the de-agglomeration and dispersion enter a static collecting unit along with airflow, high voltage is applied to the static collecting unit, and the surfaces of the fibers are collected by a low-potential electrode after being charged.
In the invention, the fiber to be dispersed comprises one or more of carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, nylon fiber and ultrahigh molecular weight fiber in combination, and the fiber can be in any length combination between 0.1mm and 20 mm.
In the step (1), the pressure range accumulated in the pressure storage container is 100-800 kPa; the unit time of pressure release is 0.1 ms-10 s.
In the step (2), a high voltage including but not limited to one or a combination of direct current, alternating current and pulse is applied to the electrostatic collecting unit, the polarity of the high voltage may be one of positive polarity or negative polarity, and the difference between the high voltage and the zero potential ranges from 1 kV to 80kV.
The invention also provides another fiber dispersion and collection method based on airflow impact and static electricity, which adopts the fiber dispersion and collection device with the charging unit and comprises the following steps:
(1) Accumulating gas pressure in the pressure storage container, releasing pressure to the fiber clusters through a pressure release device in unit time, and realizing deagglomeration and dispersion of the fiber clusters through high-pressure airflow impact;
(2) The fibers after the de-agglomeration and dispersion enter a charge unit along with airflow, positive direct-current high-voltage electricity is applied between a charge high-voltage electrode and a charge low-potential electrode, and the fibers are charged on the charge unit;
(3) The fiber passing through the charging unit enters the electrostatic collecting unit, high voltage is applied between the collecting high-potential electrode and the collecting low-potential electrode, and the fiber surface is charged and then collected by the collecting low-potential electrode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention realizes the gas phase dispersion of the fiber by releasing high-pressure fluid to the fiber cluster in a short time, and obviously improves the fiber dispersion efficiency.
2. The air flow and the high voltage electricity adopted by the invention can not cause the damage and the structural damage of the carbon fiber.
3. The invention adopts a high-voltage electrostatic mode to collect the carbon fibers, can keep the dispersion state of the carbon fibers and is beneficial to subsequent reutilization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fiber dispersion collection apparatus with a charging unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the construction of a fiber dispersion collection apparatus without a charging unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a fiber dispersion collection device with an integrated charging unit and an integrated static electricity collection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the effect of scattering and collecting according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention without limiting it in any way.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a fiber dispersion and collection device based on airflow impact and static electricity comprises an impact dispersion unit, a charge unit and a static electricity collection unit which are sequentially connected; the tail of the electrostatic collection unit is connected with a cyclone dust collector 9.
The impact dispersion unit comprises a pressure storage container 1, a pressure release device and a fiber cluster container 4 which are connected in sequence; wherein the pressure relief means comprises a pressure relief shut-off device 2 and a pressure relief port 3. In this embodiment, the pressure storage container 1 is a positive displacement compressor, the pressure release shutdown device 2 is a pressure limiting valve, and the pressure release port 3 is circular.
The charging unit comprises a charging high-voltage electrode 5, a charging low-potential electrode 6 and a corresponding second high-voltage power supply. Wherein, the charged low-potential electrode 6 is arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface, and the charged high-voltage electrode 5 is arranged in the middle position.
The static electricity collecting unit includes a collecting high potential pole 8, a collecting low potential pole 7, and a corresponding first high voltage power supply. Wherein, the collecting low-potential electrode 7 is arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface, and the high-potential electrode 8 is arranged in the middle position.
The method for collecting and dispersing fibers by using the device for collecting and dispersing fibers of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
and S01, accumulating 100kPa gas pressure in the pressure storage container 1, releasing pressure to the 3mm carbon fiber clusters in the fiber cluster container 4 through the pressure release shutdown device 2 and the pressure release port 3 within 0.1ms, and realizing deagglomeration and dispersion of the fiber clusters through high-pressure air flow impact.
And S02, the fibers after de-agglomeration and dispersion enter a charging unit along with airflow, 30kV positive direct-current high-voltage electricity is applied between a charging high-voltage electrode 5 and a charging low-potential electrode 6, and the fibers are charged in the charging unit.
And S03, the fibers passing through the charging unit enter a static collecting unit, pulse negative polarity high voltage of 20kV is applied between a collecting high potential pole 8 and a collecting low potential pole 7 of the static collecting unit, and the fibers are collected by the low potential pole.
And S04, treating the tail gas of the fibers which are not collected by the cyclone separator 9 of the tail gas treatment unit, and ensuring that the environment is not polluted.
S05, reusing the collected dispersed fibers by applying a negative direct-current voltage of 10kV between the high-potential pole and the low-potential pole.
Example 2
Different from the embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the fiber dispersion collection device is not provided with the cyclone 9, the pressure storage container 1 is a gas cylinder, the pressure release shutdown device 2 is a pressure reducing valve, and the pressure release port 3 is square.
The method for collecting and dispersing fibers by using the device for collecting and dispersing fibers of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
and S01, accumulating gas pressure of 200kPa into the pressure storage container 1, releasing pressure to the aramid fiber clusters of 20mm in the fiber cluster container 4 through the pressure release stopping device 2 and the pressure release port 3 within 1S, and realizing deagglomeration and dispersion of the fiber clusters through high-pressure air flow impact.
And S02, the fibers after de-agglomeration and dispersion enter a charging unit along with airflow, 10kV negative polarity alternating current high voltage is applied between a charging high voltage electrode 5 and a charging low potential electrode 6, and the fibers are charged in the charging unit.
And S03, the fibers passing through the charging unit enter a static collecting unit, a direct-current positive polarity high voltage of 30kV is applied between a collecting high potential pole 8 and a collecting low potential pole 7 of the static collecting unit, and the fibers are collected by the low potential pole.
S04, the collected dispersed fibers can be recycled by applying a positive direct current voltage of 5kV between the high potential pole and the low potential pole.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 2, compared to example 1, the present embodiment is without the charging unit and the cyclone 9. The pressure storage container 1 adopts a piston compressor, the pressure release shutdown device 2 adopts an electromagnetic valve, and the pressure release port 3 adopts meshes.
The method for collecting and dispersing fibers by using the device for collecting and dispersing fibers of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
and S01, accumulating gas pressure of 800kPa in the pressure storage container 1, releasing pressure to the 6mm nylon fiber clusters in the fiber cluster container 4 through the pressure release stopping device 2 and the pressure release port 3 within 8S, and realizing deagglomeration and dispersion of the fiber clusters through high-pressure air flow impact.
And S02, the disaggregated and dispersed fibers enter a static collecting unit, pulse positive polarity high voltage of 60kV is applied between a collecting high potential pole 8 and a collecting low potential pole 7 of the static collecting unit, and the fibers are collected by the low potential pole.
S03, the collected dispersed fibers can be reused by applying a pulse negative polarity voltage of 15kV between the high potential pole and the low potential pole.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, compared to embodiment 1, the charging unit and the static electricity collecting unit are provided in the same module and share one high-voltage power supply. The pressure storage container 1 adopts a centrifugal compressor, the pressure release stopping device 2 adopts a pressure limiting valve, and the pressure release port 3 is circular.
The method for collecting and dispersing fibers by using the device for collecting and dispersing fibers of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s01, accumulating 300kPa gas pressure in a pressure storage container 1, releasing pressure to a 15mm glass fiber cluster in a fiber cluster container 4 through a pressure release stopping device 2 and a pressure release port 3 within 4S, and realizing deagglomeration and dispersion of the fiber cluster through high-pressure airflow impact;
s02, the fibers which are dispersed in a de-agglomeration mode enter the same module consisting of the charging unit and the static collecting unit, the charging high-voltage electrode and the collecting high-potential electrode share the same power supply, 20kV positive polarity direct current high-voltage electricity is applied between the charging high-voltage electrode 5 and the charging low-potential electrode 6 and between the collecting high-potential electrode 8 and the collecting low-potential electrode 7, and the fibers are collected by the collecting low-potential electrode 7.
S03, the collected dispersed fibers can be reused by applying a pulse positive polarity voltage of 6kV between the high potential pole and the low potential pole.
As shown in fig. 4, which is a diagram of the dispersion and collection effect of the present invention, it can be seen that the apparatus and method of the present invention can maintain the dispersion state of the carbon fibers, which is beneficial to the subsequent reuse.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, additions and equivalents made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A fiber dispersion and collection method based on airflow impact and static electricity is characterized in that a fiber dispersion and collection device based on airflow impact and static electricity is adopted, and the fiber dispersion and collection device comprises an impact dispersion unit and a static electricity collection unit which are connected in sequence;
the impact dispersion unit comprises a pressure storage container, a pressure release device and a fiber cluster container which are sequentially connected;
the static electricity collecting unit comprises a collecting high-potential pole, a collecting low-potential pole and a corresponding first high-voltage power supply;
the pressure storage container comprises one or a combination of a positive displacement compressor, a piston compressor, a rotary compressor, a centrifugal compressor, a screw compressor and a gas steel cylinder; the pressure release device comprises a pressure release shutdown device and a pressure release port;
the pressure release stopping device is used for starting and stopping pressure release in unit time, and the pressure release port is used for forming high-pressure impact airflow; the ratio of the storage pressure of the pressure storage container to the area of the pressure release opening is not less than 8 x 10 6 kPa/m 2 ；
The fiber dispersion and collection method comprises the following steps:
(1) Accumulating gas pressure in the pressure storage container, releasing pressure to the fiber clusters through a pressure release device in unit time, and realizing the deagglomeration and dispersion of the fiber clusters through high-pressure airflow impact;
(2) The fibers after the de-agglomeration and dispersion enter a static collecting unit along with airflow, high voltage is applied to the static collecting unit, and the surfaces of the fibers are collected by a low-potential electrode after being charged.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a cyclone is connected to the tail of the electrostatic collection unit.
3. A fiber dispersion and collection method based on airflow impact and static electricity is characterized in that a fiber dispersion and collection device based on airflow impact and static electricity is adopted, and the fiber dispersion and collection device comprises an impact dispersion unit and a static electricity collection unit which are connected in sequence;
the impact dispersion unit comprises a pressure storage container, a pressure release device and a fiber cluster container which are sequentially connected;
the static electricity collecting unit comprises a collecting high-potential pole, a collecting low-potential pole and a corresponding first high-voltage power supply;
the pressure storage container comprises one or a combination of a positive displacement compressor, a piston compressor, a rotary compressor, a centrifugal compressor, a screw compressor and a gas steel cylinder; the pressure release device comprises a pressure release shutdown device and a pressure release port;
the pressure release stopping device is used for starting and stopping pressure release in unit time, and the pressure release port is used for forming high-pressure impact airflow; the ratio of the storage pressure of the pressure storage container to the area of the pressure release opening is not less than 8 x 10 6 kPa/m 2 ；
A charging unit is also arranged between the impact dispersion unit and the static electricity collection unit and comprises a charging high-voltage electrode, a charging low-potential electrode and a corresponding second high-voltage power supply; the charging unit and the static collecting unit are arranged in the same module;
the fiber dispersion and collection method comprises the following steps:
(1) Accumulating gas pressure in the pressure storage container, releasing pressure to the fiber clusters through a pressure release device in unit time, and realizing deagglomeration and dispersion of the fiber clusters through high-pressure airflow impact;
(2) The fibers after the de-clustering and dispersing enter a charging unit along with airflow, positive direct current high voltage is applied between a charging high voltage electrode and a charging low potential electrode, and the fibers are charged on the charging unit;
(3) The fiber passing through the charging unit enters the electrostatic collecting unit, high voltage is applied between the collecting high-potential electrode and the collecting low-potential electrode, and the fiber surface is charged and then collected by the collecting low-potential electrode.
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| EP1735809A2 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2006-12-27 | Epion Corporation | Method and apparatus for improved beam stability in high current gas-cluster ion beam processing system |
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