CN113563602A - Humic acid activation method, humic acid mixture and application thereof - Google Patents
Humic acid activation method, humic acid mixture and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H6/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignin, e.g. tannins, humic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a humic acid activation method, a humic acid mixture and application thereof. The humic acid activation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: (1) respectively grinding the biomass boiler ash and the humic acid raw ore to obtain biomass boiler ash powder and humic acid raw ore powder; (2) mixing biomass boiler ash powder and water into a slurry mixture; (3) mixing and reacting the slurry mixture with humic acid raw ore powder to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the dosage ratio of the mixed reaction raw materials is as follows: the dosage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1: (0.5-5), the reaction temperature is 40-90 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-6 hours; (4) standing the mixed solution for 2-4 days, and then drying to obtain the humic acid mixture. The humic acid activation method provided by the invention can better utilize biomass boiler ash, has better waste utilization and environmental protection performance, does not need an additional process to activate humic acid, and has the advantages of simple process, less energy consumption, low cost and no byproduct generation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of humic acid activation, and particularly relates to a humic acid activation method, a humic acid mixture and application thereof.
Background
Biomass boiler ash (i.e., plant ash formed after combustion of biomass fuel) is a difficult waste to dispose of and is the residue of plants after combustion. Is an alkaline inorganic material, and the main component is potassium carbonate. With the rapid development of the biological power generation industry and rural new energy engineering, the amount of the generated ash byproducts is greatly increased, and the ash byproducts become a global serious problem at present.
Applications of biomass boiler ash currently include agricultural soil improvement, road construction cement and concrete products, ceramic materials, water treatment, and catalytic applications. There are data showing that the global utilization of biomass ash is 32% to 45% due to differences in ash composition and properties, with approximately 70% to 84% being used in the construction industry and less than 1% being used in agriculture. At present, straw ash is mainly subjected to landfill treatment, and elements in the straw ash are not returned to farmlands, namely, macroelements and microelements are taken out of the farmlands year after year but are not returned to the farmlands, so that element circulation is interrupted. The plant ash has extremely complex components, contains all various ash elements in crops, such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, and various trace nutrient elements, and the like, wherein the amount of potassium and calcium is high, and researches show that the plant ash K2The content of O is generally about 10%, the content of CaO is about 30%, and the plant ash also contains phosphorus (P)2O5)1.5 to 3 percent, most of which belongs to soluble phosphorus and is effective to crops.
Humic acid raw ore is common weathered coal or lignite, humic acid in the raw ore is inert and difficult to play a role, and the raw ore can be applied after being activated by strong acid and strong base and has a certain effect on soil; and the humic acid which is further activated into a water-soluble state has a biological stimulation effect. The existing common humic acid activation process is divided into a wet process and a dry process, wherein the wet process is mainly used for producing water-soluble humic acid salts, and has the advantages of high purity, complex process, high energy consumption and complex operation. The humic acid salt products produced by the dry process have the advantages of low energy consumption and simple process, but the produced humic acid salt products have low purity, long activation time and instability.
The plant ash contains various potassium salts, wherein potassium carbonate is used as a main component, potassium sulfate and a small amount of potassium chloride are used as a secondary component, and the plant ash contains potassium carbonate and has strong basicity, so that humic acid can be theoretically activated. However, the humic acid activated by the method contains a lot of calcium and magnesium, the humic acid is insoluble and is difficult to apply to the production of compound fertilizers or water-soluble fertilizers, and the activated humic acid is difficult to dissolve in water due to the fact that the plants and the trees contain the calcium and the magnesium, so that the method is not suitable for adopting a wet process, the plant ash is low in density and light in weight, is easy to raise, and is not suitable for adopting a dry process.
In the prior art, the mixed application of the biomass boiler ash and the humic acid utilizes the activated humic acid, so that the humic acid and the plant ash can have better effects on how the humic acid raw ore and the biomass boiler ash are matched for use, and the technical problem is solved for technical personnel in the field.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a humic acid activation method with better environmental protection performance and lower cost, a humic acid mixture and application thereof.
The invention provides a humic acid activation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively grinding the biomass boiler ash and the humic acid raw ore to obtain biomass boiler ash powder and humic acid raw ore powder;
(2) mixing biomass boiler ash powder and water into a slurry mixture;
(3) mixing and reacting the slurry mixture with humic acid raw ore powder to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the dosage ratio of the mixed reaction raw materials is as follows: the dosage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1: (0.5-5), the reaction temperature is 40-90 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-6 hours;
(4) standing the mixed solution for 2-4 days, and then drying to obtain the humic acid mixture.
Preferably, in the step (3), the usage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1: (2-4), or the dosage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1: 3.
preferably, in the step (3), the reaction temperature is 55-70 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), the reaction time is 2 to 4 hours.
Preferably, the average particle size of the biomass boiler ash powder and the humic acid raw ore powder in the step (1) is 80-100 meshes.
Preferably, in the step (2), the weight ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the water is 1: (1-3).
Preferably, in the step (4), the drying temperature is 90-110 ℃.
Preferably, the raw humic acid ore is one or more of peat, lignite and weathered coal.
The invention also provides a humic acid mixture prepared by the activation method of the humic acid.
The invention also provides application of the humic acid mixture, the humic acid mixture is used for preparing a soil conditioner, a microbial agent, an organic fertilizer or an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer,
when the humic acid mixture is used for preparing the soil conditioner, the humic acid mixture can be directly used as soil conditioning, and can also be obtained by mixing the humic acid mixture with one or more of oyster calcium, eggshell powder, organic matters, limestone, dolomite, bentonite, peat cyanite, vermiculite, diatomite, saponite and sepiolite and then granulating;
when the humic acid mixture is used for preparing a microbial agent, the humic acid mixture is used as a carrier of an organic microbial agent and is obtained by mixing with one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, an activated humic acid microbial agent, a rhizobium microbial agent, a nitrogen-fixing microbial agent, a phosphate-solubilizing microbial agent, a silicate microbial agent, a photosynthetic bacterial agent, an organic material decomposition agent, a growth promoting microbial agent, a mycorrhizal microbial agent and a bioremediation microbial agent;
when the humic acid mixture is used for preparing an organic fertilizer, the humic acid mixture is obtained by mixing with one or more of lignin, fermented wood powder, waste mushroom sticks, soybean meal, castor cakes, peanut cakes, cottonseed cakes and animal manure;
when the humic acid mixture is used for preparing an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the humic acid mixture is obtained by mixing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium raw materials and polyaspartic acid.
According to the humic acid activation method provided by the invention, the biomass boiler ash residue is applied to the activation of humic acid, the biomass boiler ash can be better utilized, the waste utilization environmental protection performance is better, meanwhile, an additional process is not needed to activate the humic acid, the process is simple, the energy consumption is less, the cost is low, and no by-product is generated.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the drawings, and the drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale in actual dimensions, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different ash coal ratios on the activation rates in examples 2 to 7 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the influence of different reaction temperatures on the humic acid activation rate of lignite in examples 8 to 13 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a bar graph showing the effect of different reaction times and standing times after the reaction on the activation rate in example 14 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to specific examples so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and can implement the present invention, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for activating humic acid, including the following steps:
(1) respectively grinding the biomass boiler ash and the humic acid raw ore to obtain biomass boiler ash powder and humic acid raw ore powder;
(2) mixing biomass boiler ash powder and water into a slurry mixture;
(3) mixing and reacting the slurry mixture with humic acid raw ore powder to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the dosage ratio of the mixed reaction raw materials is as follows: the dosage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1: (0.5-5), the reaction temperature is 40-90 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-6 hours;
(4) standing the mixed solution for 2-4 days, and then drying to obtain the humic acid mixture.
The humic acid activation method provided by the embodiment has a simple activation process, the activation rate can reach more than 55%, even more than 60%, the activation rate is equivalent to that of humic acid activated by potassium hydroxide, and the activated mixture is rich in various major and minor trace elements, potassium, calcium, magnesium and silicon elements.
According to the method for activating humic acid, the biomass boiler ash waste is utilized, the environmental protection is good, the biomass boiler ash residue is applied to the activation of humic acid, the process is simple, the energy consumption is low, the cost is low, and no by-product is generated.
In the activation method of humic acid provided by this embodiment, in step (1), the raw material is first ground, which facilitates better reaction.
In the step (2), a proper amount of water is added to enable the biomass boiler ash powder to be a completely wet slurry mixture, so that the alkaline ions in the biomass boiler ash powder mixture have exchangeable property.
In the step (3), in order to ensure that the biomass boiler ash and the humic acid raw ore fully react, the dosage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1: (0.5-5) and the reaction temperature is 40-90 ℃, so that the activation reaction of humic acid can be accelerated, and the energy consumption is reduced on the basis of ensuring the activation of the humic acid raw ore in the reaction time of 2-6 hours. The applicant finds that when the dosage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1: at 6, the mixture is coagulated into a solid, which is not preferable in production.
Standing for 2-4 days in step (4), and aging the mixed solution, wherein the heat release process is generally continuous, and partial water can be evaporated.
In a preferred embodiment, the raw humic acid ore is one or more of peat, lignite and weathered coal.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (3), the dosage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1: (2-4), when the dosage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1:5, the solid-liquid ratio is increased, the reaction rate is reduced, and the activation rate is reduced. The dosage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1:1, the activation rate is less than 55%, so the dosage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1: the effect is more preferable in (2-4). In a further preferred embodiment, the usage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1:3, the activation rate of the humic acid reaches more than 60 percent, and the activation effect is very obvious.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (3), the reaction temperature is from 55 ℃ to 70 ℃. Although the humic acid activation rate is higher at the temperature of more than 70 ℃, the humic acid activation rate is not obviously improved compared with the humic acid activation rate of 55-70 ℃, and the energy consumption is increased more, so that the reaction temperature of 55-70 ℃ can ensure the higher humic acid activation rate, and the higher cost caused by higher energy consumption can be avoided.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (3), the reaction time is 2-4 hours, so that the biomass boiler ash and the humic acid raw ore are ensured to fully react.
In a preferred embodiment, the average particle size of the biomass boiler ash powder and the humic acid raw ore powder in the step (1) is 80-100 meshes.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (2), the weight ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the water is 1: (1-3). In the embodiment, the common activated product is humic acid which is insoluble in water, and the drying is influenced due to excessive moisture content, so that the energy consumption is increased.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (4), the drying temperature is 90-110 ℃.
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the humic acid mixture, and the humic acid mixture prepared by any one of the embodiments can be used for preparing a soil conditioner, a microbial agent, an organic fertilizer or an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The plant ash contains a lot of calcium and magnesium, and the activated humic acid is insoluble and difficult to apply to the production of compound fertilizers or water-soluble fertilizers. In the embodiment, the activated humic acid mixture is used for preparing a soil conditioner, a microbial agent, an organic fertilizer or an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, so that the technical problems of poor water solubility and troublesome separation of the extracted humic acid prepared in the embodiment are solved, and the humic acid can be used in the agricultural field without separation.
When the humic acid mixture is used for preparing the soil conditioner, the humic acid mixture is mixed with one or more of oyster calcium, eggshell powder, organic matters, limestone, dolomite, bentonite, peat cyanite, vermiculite, diatomite, saponite and sepiolite and then granulated in a disc granulation mode to obtain the soil conditioner.
When the humic acid mixture is used for preparing a microbial agent, the humic acid mixture is used as a carrier of an organic microbial agent, and is obtained by mixing the humic acid mixture with one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, an activated humic acid microbial agent, a rhizobium microbial agent, a nitrogen-fixing microbial agent, a phosphate-solubilizing microbial agent, a silicate microbial agent, a photosynthetic bacterial agent, an organic material decomposition agent, a growth promoting microbial agent, a mycorrhizal microbial agent and a bioremediation microbial agent, so that a powdery agricultural microbial agent can be prepared or a granular agricultural microbial agent can be prepared. The microbial inoculum is a strain with an activating function on humic acid, and has a continuous activating function after being applied to soil.
When the humic acid mixture is used for preparing the organic fertilizer, the humic acid mixture is obtained by mixing one or more of lignin, fermented wood powder, waste mushroom sticks, bean pulp, castor cakes, peanut cakes, cottonseed cakes and animal manure, and can effectively supplement crop nutrition and improve soil structure.
When the humic acid mixture is used for preparing the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the humic acid mixture is obtained by mixing the humic acid mixture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium raw materials and other auxiliary materials.
In order to further understand and appreciate the technical solution of the present invention, the embodiments are now described in further detail.
Example 1
Drying the plant ash and the lignite, and grinding to obtain powder of 80-100 meshes;
adding 1 part of plant ash raw material into 2-3 parts of water to prepare a completely wet slurry mixture (the main activation product is humic acid which is insoluble in water, the water content is too much, the drying is influenced, and the energy consumption is increased);
adding the slurry mixture into a reaction kettle, wherein the weight ratio of plant ash: adding lignite into a reaction kettle according to a certain proportion, and stirring and reacting at a certain temperature for a certain time;
standing the mixed solution for a certain number of days to allow the mixed solution to react fully;
after the reaction is finished, drying the mixture at 90-110 ℃;
crushing the mixture to about 20 meshes by using a crusher, measuring the content of active humic acid in the mixture and calculating the activation rate.
The total humic acid content is determined according to the method of determination of humic acid yield in coal (GB/T11957-2001).
The content of activated humic acid is detected according to the standard HG/T5046-2016 humic acid composite fertilizer. The humic acid content is measured by adopting a solvent dissolved acid precipitation volumetric method, the activated fulvic acid content is measured by adopting a solvent dissolved acid precipitation filtrate resin adsorption volumetric method, and the sum of the measured activated fulvic acid content and the measured activated fulvic acid content is the activated humic acid content.
The activation rate is the activated humic acid content/the total humic acid content in the raw coal is X100 percent.
Examples 2 to 7
Examples 2 to 7 the preparation method of example 1, the method for testing the content of active humic acid, and the method for calculating the activation rate were used, wherein the reaction temperature was 60 ℃, the reaction time was 3 hours, the reaction was allowed to stand for 2 days, and the specific usage ratio of the plant ash and the lignite, and the corresponding content and activation rate of activated humic acid are shown in table 1 and fig. 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1 and the attached FIG. 1, the amount of humic acid activated by plant ash shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of the coal amount, the rate of increase of the ash-coal ratio (the ratio of the amount of plant ash to the amount of lignite) between 1:1 and 3 is faster, and 1:4 to 5 shows a trend of decreasing, and it is considered that the reaction rate is decreased as the solid-liquid ratio is increased with the increase of the addition amount of lignite. In examples 3 to 5, the usage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1: (2-4) the activation rate reaches over 58 percent, which is equivalent to that of humic acid activated by potassium hydroxide, and the activation effect is more obvious, especially in example 4, the ash-coal ratio is 1:3, which is the optimal ratio, and the activation rate of humic acid reaches over 60 percent.
Examples 8 to 13
Examples 8 to 13 the preparation method of example 1, the method for testing the content of active humic acid, and the method for calculating the activation rate were used, wherein the ratio of ash to coal was 1:3, the reaction time was 3 hours, the reaction mixture was allowed to stand for 2 days after the reaction, and the specific reaction temperature, and the corresponding content and activation rate of active humic acid were shown in table 2 and fig. 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2 and FIG. 2, the content of activated humic acid increases rapidly and then slowly with the temperature rise, and is slower after 80 ℃, but the energy consumption for production at the reaction temperature above 70 ℃ is larger. The activation rate and the energy consumption are considered, the effect is best when the reaction temperature is 55-70 ℃, and particularly when the reaction temperature is 60 ℃.
Example 14
In example 14, the preparation method of example 1, the active humic acid content test method, and the activation rate calculation method were used, wherein the ash to coal ratio was 1:3, the reaction temperature was 60 ℃, and the specific reaction time and the post-reaction standing time were as shown in table 3 and fig. 3.
TABLE 3
As can be seen from the data in table 3 and fig. 3, when the reaction time is 1 hour, the activation rate cannot be improved even if the standing time after the reaction reaches 4 days; when the reaction time is 2-6 h, the better activation rate can not be realized even if the reaction is not static after reaction, even the activation rate is lower than 50%, which shows that the reaction time is set to be 2-6 h, and the mixed solution is static for 2-4 days after reaction, so that the method is reasonable and can realize higher activation rate. Particularly, the reaction time is 2-4 hours, the reaction is carried out for 2-3 days after the reaction, and the humic acid has higher humic acid activation rate under the condition of ensuring shorter reaction time.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The humic acid activation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively grinding the biomass boiler ash and the humic acid raw ore to obtain biomass boiler ash powder and humic acid raw ore powder;
(2) mixing biomass boiler ash powder and water into a slurry mixture;
(3) mixing and reacting the slurry mixture with humic acid raw ore powder to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the dosage ratio of the mixed reaction raw materials is as follows: the dosage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1: (0.5-5), the reaction temperature is 40-90 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-6 hours;
(4) standing the mixed solution for 2-4 days, and then drying to obtain the humic acid mixture.
2. The humic acid activation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the ratio of the amount of the biomass boiler ash to the amount of the humic acid raw ore is 1: (2-4), or the dosage ratio of the biomass boiler ash to the humic acid raw ore is 1: 3.
3. the humic acid activation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the reaction temperature is 55 ℃ to 70 ℃.
4. The method for activating humic acid according to claim 1 wherein in step (3), the reaction time is 2 to 4 hours.
5. The humic acid activation method according to claim 1, wherein the average particle size of the biomass boiler ash and the humic acid raw ore powder in the step (1) is 80 to 100 mesh.
6. The humic acid activation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the weight ratio of biomass boiler ash to water is 1: (1-3).
7. The humic acid activation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the drying temperature is 90 ℃ to 110 ℃.
8. The method for activating humic acid according to claim 1 wherein the raw humic acid ore is one or more of peat, lignite and weathered coal.
9. A humic acid mixture produced by the method for activating humic acid according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The use of a humic acid mixture according to claim 9 wherein the humic acid mixture is used for the preparation of soil conditioners, microbial agents, organic fertilizers or organic-inorganic compound fertilizers,
when the humic acid mixture is used for preparing a soil conditioner, the humic acid mixture is mixed with one or more of oyster calcium, eggshell powder, organic matters, limestone, dolomite, bentonite, peat cyanite, vermiculite, diatomite, saponite and sepiolite and then granulated to obtain the humic acid soil conditioner;
when the humic acid mixture is used for preparing a microbial agent, the humic acid mixture is used as a carrier of an organic microbial agent and is obtained by mixing with one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, an activated humic acid microbial agent, a rhizobium microbial agent, a nitrogen-fixing microbial agent, a phosphate-solubilizing microbial agent, a silicate microbial agent, a photosynthetic bacterial agent, an organic material decomposition agent, a growth promoting microbial agent, a mycorrhizal microbial agent and a bioremediation microbial agent;
when the humic acid mixture is used for preparing an organic fertilizer, the humic acid mixture is obtained by mixing with one or more of lignin, fermented wood powder, waste mushroom sticks, soybean meal, castor cakes, peanut cakes, cottonseed cakes and animal manure;
when the humic acid mixture is used for preparing an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the humic acid mixture is obtained by mixing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium raw materials and polyaspartic acid.
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