CN113560152A - Surface lubrication treatment method for vacuum current-carrying sliding electric contact component - Google Patents
Surface lubrication treatment method for vacuum current-carrying sliding electric contact component Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/14—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by electrical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/12—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a coating with specific electrical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2504/00—Epoxy polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2601/00—Inorganic fillers
- B05D2601/20—Inorganic fillers used for non-pigmentation effect
Abstract
The invention discloses a surface lubrication treatment method of a vacuum current-carrying sliding electric contact component, which comprises the steps of firstly constructing a latticed stripe texture shape on the surface of a base material by a laser texture method; and spraying the ethanol dispersion liquid of the niobium diselenide powder on the surface of the substrate pretreated by the laser texture, and drying the surface in the air to form a lubricating coating on the surface of the substrate. The invention combines the surface texture design with the niobium diselenide lubricating material, and utilizes the texture groove to store NbSe2A lubricant inThe friction process is continuously supplemented to the contact surface to play a role in boundary lubrication; the arrangement of the groove can avoid the thick NbSe formed on the contact surface2Dielectric layer, substrate groove edge and composite ultra-thin NbSe2The structure realizes the efficient transmission of current, the treated lubricating surface keeps the same level of conductivity as the electro-gold plating coating, the lubricating and electric noise fluctuation performance is greatly improved, and the structure can be widely applied to the surface lubricating treatment of sliding electric contact moving parts in the aerospace field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a surface lubrication treatment method for a vacuum current-carrying sliding electric contact component, and belongs to the field of lubrication and friction.
Background
Sliding electrical contact components are commonly used in aerospace equipment and play a very important role. Taking the solar sailboard conductive slip ring as an example, the slip ring is used as a key core product for power supply 'electricity transmission' of a spacecraft and is responsible for transmitting electric energy and signals generated by the solar wing into the spacecraft, and the reliability, the stability and the service life of the whole system are directly determined by the performance of the slip ring. And for the requirement under the aerospace service environment, the situation is more severe and special than the conventional sliding electric contact situation. In the aspect of service working conditions, besides conventional mechanical abrasion, the arc erosion generated by current carrying can generate huge damage to materials, and meanwhile, under the action conditions of high vacuum and current heat, the problems of mutual diffusion of material atoms and cold welding adhesion are serious; in terms of performance requirements, aerospace materials have the characteristics of high reliability, long service life, unrepairable property, no backup and the like, and the lubricating property, the conductivity, the performance stability in the current carrying process, the electrical noise in the sliding contact process and the like under the vacuum condition need to be considered. Therefore, many electrical contact lubricating materials commonly used in atmospheric environment are limited in the aerospace field, such as widely used graphite brushes and other materials, and the wear-reducing and wear-resisting properties are greatly deteriorated in vacuum. At present, precious metal materials such as gold and platinum are still the main active vacuum electrical contact lubricating materials due to their excellent electrical conductivity and chemical stability. However, the friction coefficient of a pure gold-gold metal pair is at a very high level under the vacuum current carrying condition. The data of the 'handbook of space tribology' shows that the typical friction coefficient of a gold-gold matching pair is more than 0.3, which can cause serious abrasion and influence the service life. With the great improvement of the service life requirement of a new generation of spacecraft, for example, the service life of a satellite and a space station is prolonged from 3 to 5 years to 10 to 15 years, the existing materials are obviously insufficient and can not meet the development requirement gradually, and a novel space lubricating material system and technology which can have integration of ultralow friction, long service life and high conduction under the condition of a vacuum current-carrying working condition are urgently needed.
NbSe2Has the similar MoS2The laminated easy-shearing structure has an excellent lubricating property, the friction coefficient in an air environment is about 0.1, the laminated easy-shearing structure is more excellent under high vacuum, and the friction coefficient is about 0.02. Meanwhile, the conductive material shows metal conductivity due to the specificity of the electronic structure, and the resistivity is 5.35 multiplied by 10-4Omega cm, six orders of magnitude lower than molybdenum disulfide and one order of magnitude lower than graphite. But with a resistivity of 2.4X 10 relative to the gold-electroplated coating in service-6 Omega cm) conductivity is still two orders of magnitude different, how to be applicable to special electric contact environment (vacuum, high current carrying) in space and meet high standard requirements in the aspects of low friction, long service life, high transmission, low noise and the like is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a surface lubricating treatment method of a vacuum current-carrying sliding electric contact component, which is used for improving the lubricating, wear-resisting and electric contact performances of the surface of the electric contact component.
The invention discloses a surface lubrication treatment method of a vacuum current-carrying sliding electric contact component, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the surface of the substrate: and constructing a latticed stripe texture shape on the surface of the base material by a conventional laser texture method. Wherein the base material can be selected from metals such as copper, titanium alloy, aluminum, steel and the like. The latticed stripe texture morphology is a rectangular, hexagonal or parallelogram latticed pattern (as shown in figure 1). The width of the laser stripes is 10-500 micrometers, the distance between the stripes is 50-1000 micrometers, and the depth of the stripes is more than 5 micrometers.
(2) Preparing a niobium diselenide lubricant dispersion liquid: commercially available niobium diselenide powder is subjected to high-speed stirring and ultrasonic dispersion in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a lubricant dispersion liquid. Wherein, the niobium diselenide powder is characterized by a hexagonal crystal form, the purity is more than or equal to 99.5 percent, and the grain diameter is more than or equal to 1000 meshes. The mass ratio of the niobium diselenide powder to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 400-1: 1000. The high-speed stirring and dispersing speed is 2000-6000 rpm, and the stirring time is 10-80 min; the ultrasonic power of ultrasonic dispersion is 300-1500W, and the ultrasonic time is more than 20 min. In order to enhance the binding force and the bearing capacity of the dispersion liquid and the base material, resin glue with the mass of 0.5-5 times of that of niobium diselenide, such as polyamide-imide resin and epoxy resin, is added into the lubricant dispersion liquid.
(3) Preparing a lubricating coating on the surface of a base material: and spraying the niobium diselenide lubricant dispersion liquid on the surface of the substrate subjected to laser texture pretreatment under compressed air (oil-free) or compressed nitrogen, and drying the surface of the substrate in the air, namely forming a lubricating coating on the surface of the substrate, wherein the thickness of the coating is 1-30 microns.
Second, vacuum current-carrying tribology and electrical contact properties
Evaluation was carried out on a vacuum current-carrying ball-disk friction tester: the planar sample prepared by the method of the present invention was used as a lower sample, and a commercial steel ball (Φ 6 mm, AISI52100,Ra is approximately equal to 20 nm) is an upper sample, the reciprocating linear motion is carried out, the reciprocating stroke is 5mm, the motion frequency is 3 Hz, the load is 0.5N, and the vacuum degree of a cavity is maintained at 3 multiplied by 10 in the experiment-3 Pa or less, and a current carrying size of 0.6A.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the surface of example 1 of the present invention after the lubricating treatment with the friction coefficient (2 a) and the on-line contact voltage curve (2 b) of the conventional gold plating coating. The results in FIG. 2a show that the coefficient of friction of the gold-electroplated samples was around 0.25, with large fluctuations and a lifetime of about 13000 cycles; the friction coefficient of the sample is stabilized at 0.05, the service life is about 22000 times of circulation, and compared with an electroplated gold coating, the friction coefficient is reduced by 5 times, and the lubrication service life is improved by 1.5 times. The results of FIG. 2b show that the average contact voltage of the gold-plated samples was 0.12V and the voltage fluctuation noise was 0.09V. The textured surface NbSe of the invention2The average contact voltage of the coating is 0.2V, and the voltage fluctuation noise is 0.04V. Due to NbSe2Has a higher conductivity than gold (NbSe)2Resistivity of 5.35X 10-4Omega cm, gold resistivity of 2.4X 10-6 Omega cm) but still exhibit the same level of conductivity as the electrogilding coating through the introduction of surface texture and electric noise wavesThe movement is obviously improved.
In summary, the present invention combines surface texture design with niobium diselenide lubricant, and on the one hand, utilizes texture grooves to store NbSe2The lubricant is continuously supplemented to the contact surface in the friction process to play a boundary lubrication role; on the other hand, the arrangement of the groove can avoid the formation of thick NbSe on the contact surface2The dielectric layer of (1), the use of copper substrate groove edge and composite ultra-thin NbSe2The structure realizes the high-efficient transmission of electric current, has both kept the electric conductivity with electrogilding coating same order of magnitude, and lubrication and electric noise fluctuation performance are improved by a wide margin, under vacuum current-carrying sliding electrical contact operation condition, show more excellent lubrication, wear-resisting and electrical contact performance than traditional electrogilding coating, but the wide surface lubrication treatment that is applicable to sliding electrical contact moving parts such as the electrically conductive sliding ring of aerospace field, smooth bucket, antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the laser-textured grid pattern on the surface of a substrate.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the friction coefficient and contact voltage curve tests of the surface after the lubricating treatment of the present invention and a conventional gold electroplating coating.
Detailed Description
The method and effect of the surface lubrication treatment of the vacuum current-carrying sliding electrical contact member of the present invention will be further described below by way of specific examples.
Example 1
(1) Texturing the surfaces of copper, aluminum, titanium alloy and steel test blocks by using a conventional laser texturing method, wherein the texture shape is a rectangular grid pattern shown in figure 1a, the width of laser stripes is 50 micrometers, the interval between the stripes is 100 micrometers, and the depth of the stripes is 6 micrometers;
(2) selecting hexagonal crystal niobium diselenide powder (with the purity of 99.9 percent and the particle size of 1000 meshes), adding the niobium diselenide powder into absolute ethyl alcohol according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:500, then adding epoxy resin adhesive which is 0.5 times of the mass of the niobium diselenide, firstly stirring and dispersing at high speed (the stirring speed is 4000 rpm, the stirring time is 50 min), and performing ultrasonic dispersion (the ultrasonic power is 500W, and the ultrasonic time is 3 h) to obtain a lubricant compound dispersion liquid;
(3) spraying the niobium diselenide lubricant compound dispersion liquid on the surface of the laser texture pretreatment base material under compressed air (oil-free) or compressed nitrogen by adopting a conventional coating method, wherein the thickness of a spraying film layer is 3 microns, and standing at room temperature for surface drying;
(4) the sample is evaluated on a vacuum current-carrying ball-disk friction tester (the evaluation method is the same as the above): the friction coefficient of the sample is stabilized at 0.05, and the service life is about 22000 cycles; the average contact voltage was 0.2V and the voltage fluctuation noise was 0.04V.
Example 2
(1) Texturing the surfaces of copper, aluminum, titanium alloy and steel test blocks by using a conventional laser texturing method, wherein the texture shape is a grid pattern shown in figure 1b, the width of a laser stripe is 200 micrometers, the interval between stripes is 500 micrometers, and the depth of the stripe is 10 micrometers;
(2) selecting hexagonal crystal form niobium diselenide powder (with the purity of 99.5 percent and the particle size of 3000 meshes), adding the niobium diselenide powder into absolute ethyl alcohol according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:1000, then adding epoxy resin adhesive with the mass of 2 times that of niobium diselenide, firstly stirring and dispersing at a high speed (the stirring speed is 3000 rpm, the stirring time is 80 min), and then performing ultrasonic dispersion (the ultrasonic power is 500W, and the ultrasonic time is 3 h) to obtain a lubricant compound dispersion liquid;
(3) spraying the niobium diselenide lubricant compound dispersion liquid on the surface of the laser texture pretreatment base material under compressed air (oil-free) or compressed nitrogen by adopting a conventional coating method, wherein the thickness of a spraying film layer is 10 microns, and standing at room temperature for surface drying;
(4) the sample is evaluated on a vacuum current-carrying ball-disk friction tester (the evaluation method is the same as the above): the friction coefficient of the sample is stabilized at 0.06, and the service life is about 20000 cycles; the average contact voltage was 0.2V and the voltage fluctuation noise was 0.05V.
Example 3
(1) Texturing the surfaces of copper, aluminum, titanium alloy and steel test blocks by using a conventional laser texturing method, wherein the texture shape is a quadrilateral latticed pattern shown in figure 1c, the width of a laser stripe is 400 micrometers, the interval between stripes is 200 micrometers, and the depth of the stripe is 20 micrometers;
(2) selecting hexagonal crystal form niobium diselenide powder (the purity is 99.9 percent and the particle size is 2000 meshes), adding the niobium diselenide powder into absolute ethyl alcohol according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:400, then adding epoxy resin adhesive which is 3 times of the mass of the niobium diselenide, firstly stirring and dispersing at high speed (the stirring speed is 6000 rpm, the stirring time is 80 min), and then performing ultrasonic dispersion (the ultrasonic power is 1500W, and the ultrasonic time is 2 h) to obtain a lubricant compound dispersion liquid;
(3) spraying the niobium diselenide lubricant compound dispersion liquid on the surface of the laser texture pretreatment base material under compressed air (oil-free) or compressed nitrogen by adopting a conventional coating method, wherein the thickness of a spraying film layer is 25 micrometers, and standing at room temperature for surface drying;
(4) the sample is evaluated on a vacuum current-carrying ball-disk friction tester (the evaluation method is the same as the above): the friction coefficient of the sample is stabilized at 0.04, and the service life is about 25000 cycles; the average contact voltage was 0.2V and the voltage fluctuation noise was 0.03V.
Claims (10)
1. A surface lubrication treatment method for a vacuum current-carrying sliding electric contact component comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of the surface of the substrate: constructing a latticed stripe texture shape on the surface of the base material by a conventional laser texture method;
(2) preparing a niobium diselenide lubricant dispersion liquid: commercially available niobium diselenide powder is stirred at a high speed and ultrasonically dispersed in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain niobium diselenide lubricant dispersion liquid;
preparing a lubricating coating on the surface of a base material: and spraying the niobium diselenide lubricant dispersion liquid on the surface of the base material subjected to laser texture pretreatment under the condition of compressed air or compressed nitrogen, and drying the surface in the air to form a lubricating coating on the surface of the base material.
2. A method of surface lubrication treatment of a vacuum current carrying sliding electrical contact member according to claim 1, wherein: the base material is copper, titanium alloy, aluminum or steel.
3. A method of surface lubrication treatment of a vacuum current carrying sliding electrical contact member according to claim 1, wherein: the latticed stripe texture appearance is a latticed pattern of a rectangle, a hexagon and a parallelogram.
4. A method of surface lubrication treatment of a vacuum current carrying sliding electrical contact member according to claim 1, wherein: the width of the stripes is 10-500 micrometers, the distance between the stripes is 50-1000 micrometers, and the depth of the stripes is more than 5 micrometers.
5. A method of surface lubrication treatment of a vacuum current carrying sliding electrical contact member according to claim 1, wherein: the niobium diselenide powder is in a hexagonal crystal form, the purity is more than or equal to 99.5%, and the particle size is more than or equal to 1000 meshes.
6. A method of surface lubrication treatment of a vacuum current carrying sliding electrical contact member according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the niobium diselenide powder to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 400-1: 1000.
7. A method of surface lubrication treatment of a vacuum current carrying sliding electrical contact member according to claim 1, wherein: adding resin glue with the mass of 0.5-5 times that of the niobium diselenide into the niobium diselenide lubricant dispersion liquid.
8. A method of surface lubrication treatment of a vacuum current carrying sliding electrical contact member according to claim 7, wherein: the resin adhesive is polyamide-imide resin or epoxy resin.
9. A method of surface lubrication treatment of a vacuum current carrying sliding electrical contact member according to claim 1, wherein: the high-speed stirring and dispersing speed is 2000-6000 rpm, and the stirring time is 10-80 min; the ultrasonic power of ultrasonic dispersion is 300-1500W, and the ultrasonic time is more than 20 min.
10. A method of surface lubrication treatment of a vacuum current carrying sliding electrical contact member according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the lubricating coating on the surface of the base material is 1-30 microns.
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