CN113555582B - Rapid cooling method and device for fuel cell system - Google Patents
Rapid cooling method and device for fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113555582B CN113555582B CN202111108719.3A CN202111108719A CN113555582B CN 113555582 B CN113555582 B CN 113555582B CN 202111108719 A CN202111108719 A CN 202111108719A CN 113555582 B CN113555582 B CN 113555582B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for quickly cooling a fuel cell system, wherein the device comprises: a fuel cell system; the first cooling system is positioned in the test cabin of the fuel cell system and is connected with the fuel cell system to form a first cooling loop; the second cooling system is positioned outside the test cabin of the fuel cell system and is connected with the fuel cell system to form a second cooling loop; wherein the cooling power of the first cooling system is less than the cooling power of the second cooling system; the first cooling system and the second cooling system are used for rapid temperature reduction and/or normal speed temperature reduction of the fuel cell system. The purpose of rapid cooling of the fuel cell system is met, the test cold start test period of the fuel cell system is saved, the manpower and material resource cost is saved, the conventional test chamber can be applied to test a high-power engine, and the test cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a method and a device for quickly cooling a fuel cell system.
Background
The fuel cell stack is a heating device, the temperature generally reaches more than 70 ℃ in normal operation, some fuel cell stacks reach more than 90 ℃, and the fuel cell stacks can emit a large amount of heat. With the development of fuel cell technology, the more the power of a fuel cell system is increased, the more the heat emitted is, and at present, the fuel cell system has reached a level of more than 120 kW. When a fuel cell system is used for a cold start test, the power of a cold environment chamber is required to be larger and larger, but most of the current cold environment chamber is about 60kW, and if a radiator is placed in the environment chamber, the power output of an engine is limited.
In order to maintain a rated output of the fuel cell, it is currently practiced to place the radiator outside the environmental chamber.
However, the radiator is placed outside the cabin, and the fuel cell system cannot be rapidly cooled after the cold start test is completed, so that the time for completely freezing the fuel cell is long, the time for balancing internal resistance of the fuel cell is too long, and the subsequent test progress is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for quickly cooling a fuel cell system, which can solve the technical problems that a radiator is placed outside a cabin, the fuel cell system cannot be quickly cooled after a cold start test is finished, the time for completely freezing a fuel cell is long, the time for balancing internal resistance of the fuel cell is too long, and the subsequent test progress is influenced.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, a rapid cooling device for a fuel cell system is provided, the device comprising:
a fuel cell system;
the first cooling system is positioned in the fuel cell system test cabin and connected with the fuel cell system to form a first cooling loop;
the second cooling system is positioned outside the test cabin of the fuel cell system and is connected with the fuel cell system to form a second cooling loop;
wherein the cooling power of the first cooling system is smaller than the cooling power of the second cooling system;
the first cooling system and the second cooling system are used for rapid cooling and/or normal rate cooling of the fuel cell system.
In an alternative embodiment, the device further comprises a heating system, wherein the heating system is connected with the fuel cell system to form a heating loop;
the heating system is connected in parallel with the first cooling system.
In an alternative embodiment, the first cooling system comprises:
the fuel cell system comprises a first radiator connected with the outlet end of the fuel cell system, a first temperature sensor assembly positioned on the first radiator, and a first temperature control piece connected with the first radiator, wherein the first temperature control piece is connected with the inlet end of the fuel cell system.
In an alternative embodiment, the second cooling system comprises:
the second radiator is connected with the outlet end of the fuel cell system, and a second temperature sensor assembly is positioned on the second radiator;
the second radiator is connected with the first radiator in parallel, and the cooling power of the first radiator is smaller than that of the second radiator.
In an optional embodiment, the apparatus further comprises an ion purification assembly connected to both the first cooling loop and the second cooling loop.
In an alternative embodiment, the ion purification assembly comprises an ion purifier and a water tank connected, wherein an inlet of the ion purifier is connected with outlets of the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit, and an outlet of the water tank is connected with inlets of the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit.
In an alternative embodiment, the heating system comprises a water pump connected to the outlet of the fuel cell system, a heater connected to the water pump, and a second temperature control element connected to the heater, wherein the second temperature control element is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell.
In an alternative embodiment, the heating system further comprises a filter element located between the first temperature control element and the second temperature control element.
In an alternative embodiment, the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a stack temperature sensor assembly coupled to the fuel cell stack;
the fuel cell stack temperature sensor assembly is used for measuring the inlet and outlet temperatures of the fuel cell stack.
In an alternative embodiment, the fuel cell system further comprises a conductivity meter located at the inlet end of the stack.
In another aspect, a method for rapidly cooling a fuel cell system is provided, the method comprising:
acquiring the working state of the fuel cell system, wherein the working state comprises a normal running state and a cold start test state of the fuel cell system;
when the fuel cell system is in normal operation and needs cooling, the second cooling system is used for cooling the fuel cell system at a normal speed;
when the cold start test of the fuel cell system needs rapid cooling, the fuel cell system is rapidly cooled through a first cooling system which is connected with the fuel cell system to form a first cooling loop;
wherein the first cooling system is located inside the fuel cell system test cabin, and the second cooling system is located outside the fuel cell system test cabin;
in an alternative embodiment, the rapid cooling step includes obtaining the temperature of the fuel cell system, and stopping cooling when the temperature of the fuel cell system is lower than a first preset temperature.
In an alternative embodiment, a first temperature difference value between the fuel cell system temperature and the first preset temperature is calculated;
calculating the PWM duty ratio of the water pump by adopting a first preset adjusting algorithm according to the first temperature difference value;
and regulating the water flow of the water pump according to the PWM duty ratio of the water pump so as to take heat generated when the fuel cell stack works out of the electric stack.
In an alternative embodiment, a second temperature difference value between the fuel cell system temperature and a second preset temperature is calculated;
calculating the PWM duty ratio of the water pump by adopting a second preset adjusting algorithm according to the second temperature difference value;
and adjusting the water flow of the water pump according to the PWM duty ratio of the water pump so as to heat the fuel cell through a heating system.
In an optional embodiment, the method further comprises obtaining ionic conductivity of the cooling liquid in the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit, and purifying the cooling liquid in the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit when the ionic conductivity is greater than a preset threshold value.
The cooling device provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
according to the cooling device provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the fuel cell system is subjected to a cold start test and needs to be cooled rapidly, a first cooling loop is formed through a first cooling system connected with the fuel cell system, and the first cooling system is located in a test cabin of the fuel cell system to achieve rapid cooling of the fuel cell system; when the fuel cell system needs cooling during normal working operation, the second cooling loop formed by the second cooling system can be used for cooling, or the first cooling system and the second cooling system are used for cooling the fuel cell system at the same time, so that the aim of quickly cooling the fuel cell system is fulfilled, the period of testing the cold start test of the fuel cell system is saved, the labor and material costs are saved, the conventional test chamber can be used for testing a high-power engine, and the test cost is saved.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system rapid cooling device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating another embodiment of a rapid cooling device for a fuel cell system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating another embodiment of a rapid cooling device for a fuel cell system;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a rapid cooling method for a fuel cell system;
fig. 5 shows a flow chart of a rapid cooling method for a fuel cell system.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
100-fuel cell system, 101-stack temperature sensor assembly, 1-first cooling system, 11-first radiator, 12-first temperature sensor assembly, 13-first temperature control element, 2-second cooling system, 21-second radiator, 22-second temperature sensor assembly, 3-heating system, 31-water pump, 32-second temperature control element, 33-heater, 34-filter element, 341-sub-filter element, 4-ion purification assembly, 41-ion purifier, 411-first ion purifier, 412-second ion purifier, 42-water tank, 5-conductivity meter.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "include" and variations thereof as used herein is meant to be inclusive in an open-ended manner, i.e., "including but not limited to". Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "or" means "and/or". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment". The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
Embodiments of the present invention may be applied to fuel cell systems 100, and the types of fuel cell systems 100 include, but are not limited to: the embodiment of the invention discloses an air-cooled fuel cell system, a water-cooled fuel cell system and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, wherein the water-cooled fuel cell system is schematically illustrated, when a fuel cell starts to work, the temperature of the fuel cell is rapidly increased by preheating cooled pure water, and when the temperature change inside the fuel cell is large and the temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold value, the water speed of cooling water is rapidly followed up, so that the temperature of the fuel cell is timely reduced.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell system 100 may be applied to various apparatuses including, but not limited to: passenger cars, sedans, logistics vehicles, unmanned vehicles, and the like.
Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 3 together, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rapid cooling device for a fuel cell system 100, the device including: a fuel cell system 100, a first cooling system 1 and a second cooling system 2; the first cooling system 1 is positioned in a test chamber of the fuel cell system 100 and is connected with the fuel cell system 100 to form a first cooling loop; the second cooling system 2 is positioned outside the test cabin of the fuel cell system 100 and is connected with the fuel cell system 100 to form a second cooling loop; wherein the cooling power of the first cooling system 1 is less than the cooling power of the second cooling system 2; the first cooling system 1 and the second cooling system 2 are used for rapid temperature reduction and/or normal rate temperature reduction of the fuel cell system 100.
The cooling device provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
according to the cooling device provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the fuel cell system 100 is subjected to a cold start test and needs to be cooled rapidly, the first cooling system 1 connected with the fuel cell system 100 forms a first cooling loop, and the first cooling system 1 is located in a test cabin of the fuel cell system 100 so as to achieve rapid cooling of the fuel cell system 100; when the fuel cell system 100 needs cooling in normal operation, the second cooling loop formed by the second cooling system 2 can be used for cooling, or the first cooling system 1 and the second cooling system 2 can be used for cooling the fuel cell system 100 at the same time, so that the aim of quickly cooling the fuel cell system 100 is fulfilled, the period of testing the cold start test of the fuel cell system 100 is saved, the manpower and material resources cost is saved, the current conventional test chamber can be used for testing a high-power engine, and the test cost is saved.
The cooling device provided by the embodiment of the invention will be further explained and described by the alternative embodiments.
Note that, as shown in fig. 1, the inner portion of the broken line indicates the outside of the test chamber of the fuel cell system 100, that is, the second cooling system 2 provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
In an alternative embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a heating system 3, one end of the heating system 3 is connected with the fuel cell system 100, and the other end is connected with the first cooling system 1;
the heating system 3 is connected with the fuel cell system 100 to form a heating loop;
the heating system 3 is connected in parallel with the first cooling system 1.
The embodiment of the invention provides that the fuel cell system 100 is heated by arranging the heating system 3 to perform a test reaction, and the heating system 3 is connected with the first cooling system 1 in parallel through a pipeline.
In an alternative embodiment, the heating system 3 comprises a water pump 31 connected to the outlet of the fuel cell system 100, a heater 33 connected to the water pump 31, and a second temperature control member 32 connected to the heater 33, the second temperature control member 32 being connected to the inlet of the fuel cell.
When the fuel cell system 100 starts testing, the cooled coolant is preheated by the heater 33, the temperature of the fuel cell stack is rapidly increased, further, the water pump 31 is turned on during heating, the coolant in the water pump 31 is heated by the heater 33, the second temperature control element 32 is turned on, and the heated coolant flows to the inlet end of the fuel cell system 100, for example, the coolant may be pure water.
Further, the second temperature control element 32 may be a thermostat, i.e., an electric three-way valve, which can change the flow direction of the liquid through electric control adjustment, and the thermostat and the heater 33 are opened at two end ports connected to the fuel cell system 100 during heating.
In an alternative embodiment, the heating system 3 further comprises a filter 34 between the first temperature control member 13 and the second temperature control member 32.
Further, the filtering element 34 may be a filter, and the filter may be configured to filter out impurities in the cooling liquid, so as to prevent the impurities from affecting the flow path of the fuel cell system 100, blocking the fuel cell system 100, or causing damage to other components in the fuel cell system 100, such as the water pump 31.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the heating device according to the embodiment of the present invention may further include a filter 34 between the second heat sink 21 and the first temperature control element 13, that is, the filter 34 between the first temperature control element 13 and the second temperature control element 32 is adjusted between the second heat sink 21 and the first temperature control element 13, so as to prevent coolant impurities from entering the fuel cell stack during rapid cooling, and correspondingly, a sub-filter 341 is also disposed between the first heat sink 11 and the first temperature control element 13, so as to prevent coolant impurities from entering the fuel cell stack from the first heat sink 11.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the ion purifier 41 provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes a first ion purifier 411 and a second ion purifier 412, an inlet of the first ion purifier 411 is connected to an outlet of the second heat sink 21, an outlet of the first ion purifier is connected to the water tank 42, an inlet of the second ion purifier 412 is connected to an outlet of the first heat sink 11, and an outlet of the second ion purifier is connected to the water tank 42.
In an alternative embodiment, the first cooling system 1 comprises: the fuel cell system comprises a first radiator 11 connected with the outlet end of the fuel cell system 100, a first temperature sensor assembly 12 positioned on the first radiator 11, and a first temperature control piece 13 connected with the first radiator 11, wherein the first temperature control piece 13 is connected with the inlet end of the fuel cell system 100.
Further, the first radiator 11 is connected with the outlet end of the fuel cell system 100 through the water pump 31, the temperature of the first radiator 11 can be monitored in real time by arranging the first temperature sensor assembly 12 on the first radiator 11, the first temperature sensor assembly 12 comprises a first inlet temperature sensor for measuring the inlet temperature of the first radiator 11 and a first outlet temperature sensor for measuring the outlet temperature of the first radiator 11, and the first temperature control member 13 can be a thermostat, and when the fuel cell system 100 needs to be cooled rapidly through the first cooling system 1, one end of the thermostat connected with the first radiator 11 and one end of the thermostat connected with the fuel cell system 100 are opened. Further, the first temperature control member 13 is connected to the fuel cell system 100 via a second temperature control member 32. The cooling liquid passes through the water pump 31, the first radiator 11, the first temperature control element 13 and the second temperature control element 32 in sequence after coming out from the outlet end of the fuel cell system 100 and finally reaches the inlet end of the fuel cell system 100, so that the fuel cell system 100 is cooled.
In an alternative embodiment, the second cooling system 2 comprises: a second radiator 21 connected to an outlet of the fuel cell system 100, a second temperature sensor assembly 22 provided on the second radiator 21, the second radiator 21 being connected to the first temperature control member 13;
the second radiator 21 is connected in parallel with the first radiator 11, and the cooling power of the first radiator 11 is smaller than that of the second radiator 21.
Further, the second radiator 21 is connected to the outlet side of the fuel cell system 100 by a water pump 31, the temperature of the second radiator 21 can be monitored in real time by providing the second temperature sensor assembly 22 on the second radiator 21, the second temperature sensor assembly 22 includes a second inlet temperature sensor for measuring the inlet temperature of the second radiator 21 and a second outlet temperature sensor for measuring the outlet temperature of the second radiator 21, when rapid cooling of the fuel cell system 100 by the second cooling system 2 is required, the thermostat is opened, that is, at the port where the second radiator 21 is connected to the fuel cell system 100, the coolant passes through the outlet of the fuel cell system 100, then sequentially passes through the water pump 31, the second radiator 21, the first temperature control element 13, and the second temperature control element 32, and finally reaches the inlet of the fuel cell system 100, so as to cool the fuel cell system 100.
In an alternative embodiment, the apparatus further comprises an ion purification assembly 4, the ion purification assembly 4 being connected to both the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit.
It is understood that by providing the ion purification assembly 4 to purify the coolant from ions, the ions are prevented from affecting the conductivity of the fuel cell system 100.
In an alternative embodiment, the ion purification assembly 4 comprises an ion purifier 41 and a water tank 42 connected together, wherein an inlet of the ion purifier 41 is connected to outlets of the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit, and an outlet of the water tank 42 is connected to inlets of the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit.
That is, the coolant in the first cooling circuit flows from the outlet end of the fuel cell system 100, sequentially passes through the water pump 31, the first radiator 11, the ion purifier 41, and the water tank 42, and after being purified by the ion purifier 41 and cleaned by the water tank 42, the coolant again flows into the first radiator 11 or the second radiator 21 through the pipe to be cooled.
The coolant in the second cooling loop flows from the outlet end of the fuel cell system 100, sequentially passes through the water pump 31, the second radiator 21, the ion purifier 41 and the water tank 42, and enters the first radiator 11 or the second radiator 21 again through the pipeline for circulation cooling after being purified by the ion purifier 41 and cleaned by the water tank 42.
In an alternative embodiment, the fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel cell stack, a stack temperature sensor assembly 101 coupled to the fuel cell stack;
the stack temperature sensor assembly 101 is used to measure the fuel cell stack inlet and outlet temperatures.
Fuel cell stacks include, but are not limited to: the membrane electrode assembly comprises a membrane electrode, a proton exchange membrane, a polar plate, a catalyst, a gas diffusion layer and a battery electric pile, wherein the battery electric pile can be formed by overlapping a plurality of single batteries in a series/parallel mode.
Further, the stack temperature sensor assembly 101 includes a stack inlet temperature sensor disposed at an inlet end of the fuel cell for measuring an inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack and a stack outlet temperature sensor disposed at an outlet end of the fuel cell for measuring an outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack.
In an alternative embodiment, the fuel cell system 100 further comprises a conductivity meter 5, the conductivity meter 5 being located at the inlet end of the stack.
The conductivity meter 5 can be used for monitoring the conductivity of the cooling liquid in the first cooling loop, the second cooling loop and the heating loop, and the insulation of the fuel cell system 100 is prevented from being influenced by the high conductivity of the cooling liquid.
In an optional embodiment, the cooling device provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a control system, and the control system is connected to the first cooling system 1 and the second cooling system 2 and is configured to control a cooling manner for the fuel cell system 100.
Further, the control system is connected to the first radiator 11, the first temperature sensor assembly 12 and the first temperature control element 13 of the first cooling system 1. The temperature of the inlet and the outlet of the first radiator 11 is obtained through the first temperature sensor assembly 12, the temperature data is transmitted to the control system, and the control system controls the opening of the first temperature control element 13 to enable the system to rapidly circulate through the first cooling system 1.
The control system is further connected with a second radiator 21, a second temperature sensor assembly 22 and a second temperature control element 32 in the second cooling system 2, the temperature of the inlet and the outlet of the second radiator 21 is obtained through the second temperature sensor assembly 22, the temperature data is transmitted to the control system, and the control system controls the opening of the first temperature control element 13 and the second temperature control element 32 to enable the system to rapidly circulate through the second cooling system 2.
The control system is further connected with the heating system 3 provided by the embodiment of the invention, and further connected with the water pump 31, and the fuel cell system 100 is heated by controlling the water pump 31 and the second temperature control element 32 to be started.
It should be noted that the cooling liquid provided by the embodiment of the present invention is pure water, and the pure water may be deionized water, which indicates water after removing impurities in the form of ions.
In another aspect, referring to fig. 4 and fig. 5 together, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for rapidly cooling a fuel cell system 100, where the method includes:
s101, acquiring the working state of the fuel cell system, wherein the working state comprises normal operation and cold start test of the fuel cell system 100;
s102, when the fuel cell system is in normal operation and needs cooling, the second cooling system is used for cooling the fuel cell system at a normal speed;
s103, when the cold start test of the fuel cell system needs rapid cooling, a first cooling system of a first cooling loop is formed by being connected with the fuel cell system, wherein the first cooling system is located in a test cabin of the fuel cell system.
The cooling method provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the cooling method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of firstly obtaining the working state of the fuel cell system 100, forming a first cooling loop through a first cooling system 1 connected with the fuel cell system 100 when the fuel cell system 100 needs to be rapidly cooled in a cold start test state, and neither affecting the normal operation of the fuel cell line 100 nor achieving the rapid cooling of the fuel cell system 100 on the basis that the first cooling system 1 is positioned in a test cabin of the fuel cell system 100 and the cooling power of the first cooling system 1 is smaller than that of a second cooling system 2 positioned outside the test cabin; when the fuel cell system 100 needs cooling in normal operation, the second cooling loop formed by the second cooling system 2 can be used for cooling, or the first cooling system 1 and the second cooling system 2 can be used for cooling the fuel cell system 100 at the same time, so that the aim of quickly cooling the fuel cell system 100 is fulfilled, the period of testing the cold start test of the fuel cell system 100 is saved, the manpower and material resources cost is saved, the current conventional test chamber can be used for testing a high-power engine, and the test cost is saved.
The rapid cooling method provided by the embodiment of the present invention will be further explained and described by alternative embodiments.
Further, referring to fig. 5, the operator obtains the operating state of the fuel cell system 100 through the actual operating condition of the fuel cell system, i.e., whether the fuel cell system is in the normal operation state or the cold start test state. If the temperature of the fuel cell system 100 reaches the standard temperature, the temperature reduction is finished, and the engine of the fuel cell system 100 is reset after the temperature of the fuel cell system 100 is reduced to the first preset temperature.
Further, when the fuel cell system 100 needs to be rapidly cooled in a cold start test, the first radiator 11, the first temperature control element 13 connected with the first radiator 11, and the second temperature control element 32 are firstly opened, the cooling liquid enters the fuel cell system 100 after being radiated by the water pump 31, the first radiator 11, the first temperature control element 13, and the second temperature control element 32, the temperature of the fuel cell system 100 is obtained by the stack inlet temperature sensor arranged at the inlet end of the fuel cell system 100, and when the cooling temperature is lower than a first preset temperature, for example, lower than-30 ℃, the cooling is stopped.
Further, when the second cooling system 2 is cooled again, the second radiator 21, the first temperature control element 13, and the second temperature control element 32 are opened, the opening of the first temperature control element 13 facing one end of the first radiator 11 is closed, the opening of the second temperature control element 32 facing one end of the water pump 31 is closed, and the coolant passes through the water pump 31, the first temperature control element 13 of the second radiator 21, and the second temperature control element 32 after coming out of the fuel cell system 100 and then enters the fuel cell system 100.
In an alternative embodiment, the rapid cooling step includes obtaining the temperature of the fuel cell system 100, and cooling the fuel cell system 100 through the second cooling system 2 when the temperature of the fuel cell system 100 is lower than a first preset temperature. For example, the first preset temperature may be-30 ℃.
In an alternative embodiment, a first temperature difference value between the temperature of the fuel cell system 100 and the first preset temperature is calculated;
calculating the PWM duty ratio of the water pump 31 by adopting a first preset adjusting algorithm according to the first temperature difference value;
and adjusting the water flow of the water pump 31 according to the PWM duty ratio of the water pump 31 so as to take heat generated by the fuel cell stack during operation out of the stack.
In an alternative embodiment, a second temperature difference between the temperature of the fuel cell system 100 and a second preset temperature is calculated;
calculating the PWM duty ratio of the water pump 31 by adopting a second preset adjusting algorithm according to the second temperature difference value;
and adjusting the water flow of the water pump 31 according to the PWM duty ratio of the water pump 31 so as to heat the fuel cell through a heating system 3.
It should be noted that specific values of the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature may be set according to the operation requirement of the fuel cell system 100, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
In an optional embodiment, the method further comprises obtaining ionic conductivity of the cooling liquid in the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit, and purifying the cooling liquid in the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit when the ionic conductivity is greater than a preset threshold value.
As an example, the concentration of ions in the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit may be measured by the conductivity meter 5, and the ions may be purified when the ion concentration is greater than a preset threshold, and the preset threshold of the ion concentration is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
Having described embodiments of the present disclosure, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. A fuel cell system rapid cooling device, the device comprising:
a fuel cell system (100);
the first cooling system (1) is positioned in a test cabin of the fuel cell system (100) and connected with the fuel cell system (100) to form a first cooling loop, and when the fuel cell system (100) is in a cold start test and needs rapid cooling, the first cooling loop rapidly cools the fuel cell system (100);
the second cooling system (2) is positioned outside the test cabin of the fuel cell system (100) and connected with the fuel cell system (100) to form a second cooling loop, and when the fuel cell system (100) needs to be cooled during normal operation, the second cooling loop cools the fuel cell system (100), or the first cooling system (1) and the second cooling system (2) are used for cooling the fuel cell system (100) simultaneously;
wherein the cooling power of the first cooling system (1) is smaller than the cooling power of the second cooling system (2);
the first cooling system (1) and the second cooling system (2) are used for rapid cooling and/or normal rate cooling of the fuel cell system (100);
the device also comprises a heating system (3), wherein the heating system (3) is connected with the fuel cell system (100) to form a heating loop;
the heating system (3) is connected in parallel with the first cooling system (1);
the heating system (3) comprises a water pump (31) connected with the outlet end of the fuel cell system (100), a heater (33) connected with the water pump (31), and a second temperature control piece (32) connected with the heater (33), wherein the second temperature control piece (32) is connected with the inlet end of the fuel cell, and when the fuel cell system (100) starts to be tested, the cooled cooling liquid is preheated by the heater (33), so that the temperature of a fuel cell stack is quickly increased;
the first cooling system (1) comprises: the fuel cell system comprises a first radiator (11) connected with the outlet end of the fuel cell system (100), a first temperature sensor assembly (12) positioned on the first radiator (11), and a first temperature control piece (13) connected with the first radiator (11), wherein the first temperature control piece (13) is connected with the inlet end of the fuel cell system (100);
the second cooling system (2) comprises: a second radiator (21) connected to the outlet of the fuel cell system (100), a second temperature sensor assembly (22) located on the second radiator (21), the second radiator (21) being connected to the first temperature control member (13); the second radiator (21) is connected in parallel with the first radiator (11), and the cooling power of the first radiator (11) is smaller than that of the second radiator (21).
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an ion purification assembly (4), said ion purification assembly (4) being connected to both said first cooling circuit and said second cooling circuit.
3. The method for rapidly cooling by the rapid cooling device of the fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring the working state of the fuel cell system (100), wherein the working state comprises a normal running state and a cold start test state of the fuel cell system (100);
when the fuel cell system (100) is in normal operation and needs cooling, the second cooling system (2) is used for cooling the fuel cell system (100) at a normal rate;
when the cold start test of the fuel cell system (100) needs rapid cooling, the fuel cell system (100) is rapidly cooled through a first cooling system (1) which is connected with the fuel cell system (100) to form a first cooling loop;
wherein the first cooling system (1) is located inside the test chamber of the fuel cell system (100) and the second cooling system (2) is located outside the test chamber of the fuel cell system (100);
the rapid cooling step comprises the steps of obtaining the temperature of the fuel cell system (100), and stopping cooling when the temperature of the fuel cell system (100) is lower than a first preset temperature;
calculating a first temperature difference between the temperature of the fuel cell system (100) and the first preset temperature;
calculating the PWM duty ratio of the water pump (31) by adopting a first preset adjusting algorithm according to the first temperature difference value;
and regulating the water flow of the water pump (31) according to the PWM duty ratio of the water pump (31) so as to take heat generated by the fuel cell stack during operation out of the fuel cell stack.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized by calculating a second temperature difference between the fuel cell system (100) temperature and a second preset temperature;
calculating the PWM duty ratio of the water pump (31) by adopting a second preset adjusting algorithm according to the second temperature difference value;
adjusting the water flow rate of the water pump (31) according to the PWM duty cycle of the water pump (31) to heat the fuel cell by a heating system (3).
5. The method of claim 3, further comprising obtaining an ionic conductivity of the coolant in the first and second cooling circuits, and purging the coolant in the first and second cooling circuits when the ionic conductivity is greater than a predetermined threshold.
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| CN115224304A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-10-21 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Water heating system of fuel cell |
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| CN104900895A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-09-09 | 成都国佳电气工程有限公司 | Fuel cell control system and fuel cell system cold start-up control method |
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| CN102520368A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-06-27 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Experimental method for quick start of fuel cell pile in subzero temperature |
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