CN113555560A - Method for improving commercial graphite capacity and rate capability and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Method for improving commercial graphite capacity and rate capability and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113555560A
CN113555560A CN202010325071.4A CN202010325071A CN113555560A CN 113555560 A CN113555560 A CN 113555560A CN 202010325071 A CN202010325071 A CN 202010325071A CN 113555560 A CN113555560 A CN 113555560A
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copper foil
graphite
copper
solution
capacity
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王辉
王洋
李伟
窦红敏
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Hebei Lingdian New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Hebei Lingdian New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058Construction or manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66Selection of materials
    • H01M4/665Composites
    • H01M4/667Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the capacity and rate capability of commercial graphite, which comprises the following steps: preparing 100mL of copper salt solution with a certain concentration, then placing the copper foil in the solution for soaking for a period of time, then taking out the copper foil, cleaning the copper foil with distilled water, and then naturally drying the copper foil in the air. Thus obtaining the copper foil with a layer of copper salt particles. At 1A g‑1Under the current density, after circulating for 100 circles, the capacity of the graphite on the traditional copper foil is only 34mAh g‑1The treated copper foil was used, and the capacity of graphite was 128mAh g‑1. The method can be realized on the basis of not changing the existing lithium battery production process, has simple process and low cost, is suitable for large-scale production, and is expected to be applied to mass productionThe lithium battery industry is rapidly applied and has great commercial value.

Description

Method for improving commercial graphite capacity and rate capability and lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the capacity and rate capability of commercial graphite and a lithium ion battery, and belongs to the technical field of energy materials.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of stable working voltage, good safety performance, rapid charging, high mass specific energy and volume specific energy and the like, and is widely applied to electronic equipment such as mobile phones, notebook computers, digital cameras and the like. The lithium ion battery mainly comprises a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, a current collector, a diaphragm, electrolyte and the like. At present, the negative electrode material of the commercial lithium ion battery is mainly graphite, the graphite has good cycling stability but low theoretical capacity, and only has 372mAh g-1. Other carbon materials are expensive and limited to laboratory studies, and thus are difficult to commercialize in a real sense. Therefore, under the premise that the existing production process is not changed, the capacity of the graphite is improved, and important theoretical and practical significance is achieved.
There are generally two methods of increasing the graphite capacity: firstly, adding transition metal oxide into graphite to improve the capacity of the graphite; secondly, the addition of metal particles or other morphologies of carbon material to the graphite increases the capacity of the graphite by increasing the conductivity. It is known that graphite is adhered to the surface of copper foil in actual lithium batteries and used as a negative electrode. The copper foil is called a current collector, and the current generated by the active material is collected and transmitted. The literature research shows that no research report of generating copper salt particles on the surface of commercial copper foil to improve the graphite capacity is found. The whole process of the invention is safe and controllable, simple and easy to implement, and low in process cost, and is very suitable for large-scale production and application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a method for improving the capacity and rate capability of commercial graphite. Experiments prove that the capacity and the rate capability of the graphite can be obviously improved by growing a layer of copper salt particles on the surface of the copper foil by a soaking method.
A lithium ion battery is assembled by using copper foil as a negative current collector and using a graphite material as a main negative active material; it is characterized in that: the copper foil is a copper foil to which a layer of copper salt particles is attached.
Preferably: the copper foil having a layer of copper salt particles attached thereto is prepared by immersing a copper foil in 100mL
0.1-0.8 mol/L copper salt solution, soaking for 10-40 min, washing with distilled water,
naturally drying the mixture to obtain the finished product.
Preferably: the copper salt solution is CuCl2Solution, CuBr2Solution, Cu (NO)3)2Solution, CuSO4One of the solutions.
Preferably: the copper salt is copper chloride, and the substance generated on the surface of the copper foil is cuprous chloride.
Preferably: 100mL of 0.2mol/L CuBr is prepared2And (3) solution, then, placing the copper foil in the solution for soaking for 20min, washing by using distilled water, and naturally drying by air. Thus obtaining the modified copper foil.
The invention provides a method for improving the capacity and rate capability of commercial graphite, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the Material
A copper salt; commercially available copper foil
(2) Preparation of samples
Preparing 100mL of 0.1-0.8 mol/L copper salt solution, then placing the copper foil in the solution for soaking for 10-40 min, cleaning with distilled water, and naturally drying. Thus obtaining the modified copper foil. The copper foil is used as a negative current collector, graphite is used as a negative active material to assemble a half cell, and conventional charge and discharge tests are carried out. At 1A g-1Under the current density, when the copper foil attached with a layer of copper salt particles is used, the first discharge capacity of the graphite is 140-170 mAh g-1After the circulation is carried out for 100 days, the capacity of the graphite is still maintained to be 110-130 mAh g-1
In the method of the invention, the copper salt solution is CuCl2Solution (cupric chloride), CuBr2Solution (cupric bromide), Cu (NO)3)2Solution (copper nitrate), CuSO4One of the solutions (copper sulfate).
The beneficial effects are as follows: a layer of copper salt particles grows on the surface of copper foil through a soaking method, and then the copper foil attached with the copper salt particles is used as a negative current collector to assemble the lithium ion battery, so that the capacity and the rate capability of the lithium ion battery are greatly improved. In 1Ag-1Under the current density, after circulating for 100 circles, the capacity of the graphite on the traditional copper foil is only 34mAh g-1The treated copper foil was used, and the capacity of graphite was 128mAh g-1
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a half cell assembled from a prepared copper foil a and an original copper foil o in 1Ag-1First charge and discharge curves at current density.
FIG. 2 shows a half cell assembled from a prepared copper foil a and an original copper foil o in 1Ag-1Discharge specific capacity cycling plot at current density.
Fig. 3 is an XRD pattern of the surface material of the prepared copper foil a and the virgin copper foil o.
Detailed Description
Example 1
100mL of 0.2mol/L Cu (NO) was prepared3)2And (3) putting the copper foil into the solution (cupric nitrate), soaking for 30min, washing with distilled water, and naturally drying to obtain the copper foil attached with a layer of copper salt particles.
Weighing graphite, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1, grinding the materials in an agate mortar to uniformly mix the three materials, dropwise adding a proper amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone to prepare paste, uniformly pressing and smearing a glass sheet on the copper foil attached with a layer of copper salt particles, then putting the copper foil coated with the graphite in a vacuum drying box, and carrying out vacuum drying. After natural cooling, graphite and lithium sheets are respectively used as two electrodes, Celgard2400 is used as a diaphragm, and the diaphragm contains 1mol/LLIPF6The organic solution of (a) was used as an electrolyte and assembled into a half cell in a glove box (ZKX model, south kyo instruments and factories) filled with high-purity nitrogen gas. After which a conventional charge and discharge test was performed.
FIG. 1 shows a half cell in 1Ag using a prepared copper foil a and an original copper foil o-1First charge and discharge curves at current density. It can be seen that the original copper is usedThe first discharge specific capacity of the foil battery is only 27mAh g-1When the copper foil attached with a layer of copper salt particles is used, the first discharge specific capacity reaches 158mAh g-1The improvement is 5.8 times.
FIG. 2 shows a half cell in 1Ag using a prepared copper foil a and an original copper foil o-1Discharge specific capacity cycling plot at current density. When the original copper foil o is used, the graphite capacity is 35mAh g after 100 cycles of circulation-1. When the copper foil a with a layer of copper salt particles is used, the capacity of the graphite is still maintained at 128mAh g after 100 cycles-1Is improved by 3.6 times
Fig. 3 is an XRD pattern of the surface material of the copper foil a to which a layer of copper salt particles is attached and the virgin copper foil o. As can be seen from the figure, the substance attached to the surface of the copper foil is CuCl.
Example 2
100mL of 0.2mol/L CuBr is prepared2Solution (copper bromide), then, the copper foil was immersed in the solution for 20min, washed with distilled water, and then air-dried. Thus obtaining the modified copper foil. The copper foil is used as a negative current collector, graphite is used as a negative active material to assemble a half cell, and conventional charge and discharge tests are carried out. The assembly and testing was the same as example 1. The results show that at 1A g-1When a copper foil having a copper salt particle adhered thereto was used at a current density, the first discharge capacity of graphite was 150mAh g-1After 100 cycles, the capacity of the graphite is still maintained at 122mAh g-1
Example 3
100mL of 0.5mol/L CuCl is prepared2Solution (copper chloride), then, the copper foil was immersed in the solution for 10min, washed with distilled water, and naturally air-dried. Thus obtaining the modified copper foil. The copper foil is used as a negative current collector, graphite is used as a negative active material to assemble a half cell, and conventional charge and discharge tests are carried out. The assembly and testing was the same as example 1. The results show that at 1A g-1The first discharge capacity of graphite was 155mAh g at current density using a copper foil to which a layer of copper salt particles was attached-1After 100 cycles, the capacity of the graphite is still maintained at 127mAh g-1
Example 4
100mL of 0.4mol/L CuBr is prepared2Solution (copper bromide), then, the copper foil was immersed in the solution for 15min, washed with distilled water, and then air-dried. Thus obtaining the modified copper foil. The copper foil is used as a negative current collector, graphite is used as a negative active material to assemble a half cell, and conventional charge and discharge tests are carried out. The assembly and testing was the same as example 1. The results show that at 1A g-1The first discharge capacity of graphite was 152mAh g at current density using a copper foil with a layer of copper salt particles attached-1After 100 cycles, the capacity of the graphite is still maintained at 120mAh g-1
Example 5
100mL of 0.8mol/L CuSO is prepared4Solution (copper sulfate), then, the copper foil was immersed in the solution for 10min, washed with distilled water, and naturally air-dried. Thus obtaining the modified copper foil. The copper foil is used as a negative current collector, graphite is used as a negative active material to assemble a half cell, and conventional charge and discharge tests are carried out. The assembly and testing was the same as example 1. The results show that the surface roughness is 1Ag-1The first discharge capacity of graphite was 159mAh g at current density using a copper foil to which a layer of copper salt particles was attached-1After 100 cycles, the capacity of the graphite is still maintained at 119mAh g-1
Example 6
100mL of 0.2mol/L Cu (NO) was prepared3)2Solution (copper nitrate), then, the copper foil was immersed in the solution for 25min, washed with distilled water, and naturally air-dried. Thus obtaining the modified copper foil. The copper foil is used as a negative current collector, graphite is used as a negative active material to assemble a half cell, and conventional charge and discharge tests are carried out. The assembly and testing was the same as example 1. The results show that the surface roughness is 1Ag-1When a copper foil having a copper salt particle adhered thereto was used at a current density, the first discharge capacity of graphite was 150mAh g-1After 100 cycles, the capacity of the graphite is still maintained at 120mAh g-1
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (6)

1. A lithium ion battery is assembled by using copper foil as a negative current collector and using a graphite material as a main negative active material; it is characterized in that: the copper foil is a copper foil to which a layer of copper salt particles is attached.
2. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the copper foil with the layer of copper salt particles is obtained by immersing the copper foil into 100mL of 0.1-0.8 mol/L copper salt solution, immersing for 10-40 min, cleaning with distilled water, and naturally drying.
3. The lithium ion battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: the copper salt solution is CuCl2Solution, CuBr2Solution, Cu (NO)3)2Solution, CuSO4One of the solutions.
4. The lithium ion battery according to claim 3, characterized in that: the copper salt is copper chloride, and the substance generated on the surface of the copper foil is cuprous chloride.
5. The lithium ion battery according to claim 3, characterized in that: 100mL of 0.2mol/L CuBr is prepared2And (3) solution, then, placing the copper foil in the solution for soaking for 20min, washing by using distilled water, and naturally drying by air. Thus obtaining the modified copper foil.
6. A method for improving the capacity and rate capability of commercial graphite, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting a copper foil;
step 2: preparing 100mL of 0.1-0.8 mol/L copper salt solution;
and step 3: and (3) placing the copper foil in the copper salt solution, soaking for 10-30 min, cleaning with distilled water, and naturally drying. Obtaining the copper foil attached with a layer of copper salt particles;
and 4, step 4: weighing graphite, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1, grinding the graphite, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride in an agate mortar to uniformly mix the three substances, dropwise adding a proper amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone and preparing the N-methyl pyrrolidone into paste, uniformly pressing and smearing the paste on the copper foil attached with the layer of copper salt particles by using a glass sheet, and then putting the copper foil coated with the graphite in a vacuum drying box for vacuum drying;
and 5: after natural cooling, graphite and lithium sheets are respectively used as two electrodes, Celgard2400 is used as a diaphragm, and the diaphragm contains 1mol/L LiPF6The organic solution of (a) is an electrolyte, and a half cell is assembled in a glove box filled with high-purity nitrogen.
CN202010325071.4A 2020-04-23 2020-04-23 Method for improving commercial graphite capacity and rate capability and lithium ion battery Pending CN113555560A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114551899A (en) * 2022-02-25 2022-05-27 河北师范大学 Method for improving electrochemical performance of lithium battery negative electrode material lithium titanate

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