CN113552573A - Rapid imaging algorithm based on ultrasonic ring array synthetic aperture receiving - Google Patents

Rapid imaging algorithm based on ultrasonic ring array synthetic aperture receiving Download PDF

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CN113552573A
CN113552573A CN202110725297.8A CN202110725297A CN113552573A CN 113552573 A CN113552573 A CN 113552573A CN 202110725297 A CN202110725297 A CN 202110725297A CN 113552573 A CN113552573 A CN 113552573A
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CN113552573B (en
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他得安
石勤振
李义方
史凌伟
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Fudan University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
    • G01S15/8997—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using synthetic aperture techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
    • G01S15/8909—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration
    • G01S15/8915—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration using a transducer array
    • G01S15/8922—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using a static transducer configuration using a transducer array the array being concentric or annular

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic detection and imaging, and provides a rapid imaging algorithm based on ultrasonic ring array synthetic aperture receiving, which uses a ring array ultrasonic transducer to transmit and receive ultrasonic signals in a synthetic aperture receiving mode, groups array elements of the ring array ultrasonic transducer according to n adjacent array elements of each group, and calculates an index matrix D of a sector area formed by 1-n array elements of the 1 st group and the circle center of the ring array ultrasonic transducer1(ii) a Setting an initial value i to be 1; obtaining corresponding local imaging result I by utilizing synthetic aperture algorithmi(ii) a Obtaining the ith group index matrix D through rotation transformationiRepeatedly executing the first two steps until all local imaging results are obtained; and superposing and fusing all local imaging results according to the positions of the local imaging results to obtain a final imaging result. The algorithm provided by the invention can effectively remove arc artifacts in the traditional synthetic aperture imaging algorithm and greatly improve the performance of the algorithm.

Description

Rapid imaging algorithm based on ultrasonic ring array synthetic aperture receiving
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic detection and imaging, and particularly relates to a rapid imaging algorithm based on ultrasonic ring array synthetic aperture receiving.
Background
The synthetic aperture technology is used for radar detection at first, compared with the traditional fixed point focusing technology, the ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging technology adopts dynamic focusing, a transducer of a small aperture array element and lower central frequency can be used for realizing imaging with high azimuth resolution, and the imaging quality in an area to be imaged is integrally improved. The ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging technology is applied to intravascular imaging, liver lesion imaging and the like. For a ring array transducer, if a traditional full-aperture synthetic aperture imaging technology is used, the imaging result has the problems of inaccurate inner surface, excessive artifacts, long imaging time consumption and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fast imaging algorithm based on ultrasound circular array synthetic aperture reception with less artifacts, short imaging time, and high efficiency.
The invention provides a rapid imaging algorithm based on ultrasonic ring array synthetic aperture receiving, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1, dividing N array elements of the ultrasonic annular array transducer into N array element groups according to each group of N adjacent array elements, and calculating an index matrix D of a 1 st sector area consisting of a 1 st array element group containing array elements 1-N and the circle center of the ultrasonic annular array transducer1(ii) a Step S2, setting the cycle value i to 1; step S3, according to the ultrasonic echo signals received by the array elements i to (n + i-1), calculating each array element in the array elements i to (n + i-1) to an index matrix DiThe ultrasound propagation time of the corresponding point; step S4, calculating index matrix D by using synthetic aperture algorithm according to ultrasonic echo signal and ultrasonic propagation timeiImaging result I corresponding to sector areai(ii) a Step S5, let i equal i +1, and index matrix D1Push button
Figure BDA0003138373080000021
Rotating and transforming to obtain an index matrix DiThen returns to step S3 until i > N; step S6, imaging result I of the sector areaiAnd N is superposed and fused according to the position of the N, so as to obtain the final imaging result of the sample.
In the fast imaging algorithm based on the ultrasonic circular array synthetic aperture receiving provided by the invention, the fast imaging algorithm can also have the following characteristics: wherein, index matrix DiHaving a plurality of elements in one-to-one correspondence with points throughout the region to be imagedWhen the value of the element is 1, the point is located in the ith sector area, and when the value of the element is 0, the point is located outside the ith sector area.
In the fast imaging algorithm based on the ultrasonic circular array synthetic aperture receiving provided by the invention, the fast imaging algorithm can also have the following characteristics: in step S4, the index matrix D in the i-th sector areaiAny point P (x, z) in which the value of the corresponding element is 1, according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003138373080000022
calculating the image brightness value of the point P (x, z), wherein the matrix formed by the image brightness values of all the points in the ith fan-shaped area is the imaging result IiIn the formula, sj，k(t) is the amplitude of the signal transmitted by the array element k and received by the array element j at the time t, tj(x, z) and tk(x, z) are the ultrasound propagation times to point P for element j and element k, respectively.
In the fast imaging algorithm based on the ultrasonic circular array synthetic aperture receiving provided by the invention, the fast imaging algorithm can also have the following characteristics: in step S5, a first arrival wave may be extracted from the ultrasonic echo signal by using a akage information criterion algorithm, then a sound velocity distribution model in the region to be imaged is obtained by using an inversion algorithm, and finally the sound velocity distribution model is substituted into an equation of function to solve the ultrasonic propagation time.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the rapid imaging algorithm based on the ultrasonic ring array synthetic aperture receiving, the region to be imaged is divided into N fan-shaped regions, the imaging result of each fan-shaped region is obtained by utilizing the synthetic aperture algorithm, the imaging result in each fan-shaped region is ensured to be accurate, and finally the N fan-shaped imaging results are overlapped and fused according to the positions of the N fan-shaped imaging results, so that the arc-shaped artifacts of the obtained imaging result are obviously reduced, and the final imaging result is more accurate and clear. In addition, because the method of firstly calculating the index matrix of one sector area and then obtaining the index matrices of the other sector areas through rotation transformation is adopted, compared with the operation of performing complete index value calculation once on each array element group, the method effectively improves the algorithm performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmitting and acquiring system of an ultrasonic circular array transducer in an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a flowchart of a fast imaging algorithm based on ultrasonic circular array synthetic aperture receiving in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sector area schematic diagram of an array element grouping of an ultrasonic loop array transducer in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an imaging result and a final imaging result of an array element group of a sample to be imaged by using a fast imaging algorithm based on ultrasonic ring array synthetic aperture receiving in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an imaging result and a final imaging result of an array element group when a sample to be imaged uses a conventional full aperture synthetic aperture imaging algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 6 is a graph illustrating the performance improvement of the fast imaging algorithm based on the ultrasound circular array synthetic aperture reception compared with the conventional synthetic aperture imaging algorithm in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the following describes a fast imaging algorithm based on ultrasound circular array synthetic aperture receiving specifically with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
< example >
The fast imaging algorithm based on the ultrasonic circular array synthetic aperture receiving is realized based on a signal transmitting and acquiring system of an ultrasonic circular array transducer.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmitting and acquiring system of an ultrasonic loop array transducer in the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the system has a water tank 1, an ultrasonic loop array transducer 2, a cortical bone phantom 3, and a signal transmitting and acquiring device 4.
The ultrasonic loop array transducer 2 is fixed in the water tank 1, the area to be imaged of the cortical bone phantom sample 3 is placed in the center of the ultrasonic loop array transducer 2, and water is injected into the water tank to immerse the sample and the ultrasonic loop array transducer 2. The signal transmitting and collecting device 4 controls all array elements of the ultrasonic loop array transducer to transmit ultrasonic pulse signals in sequence at a fixed central frequency, and receives ultrasonic echo signals of the ultrasonic pulse signals through all the array elements.
In this step, the supersound cyclic array transducer that uses is the supersound cyclic array transducer that contains 128 array elements, and the cyclic array diameter is 50mm, and array element center distance is 1.23mm, and the array element interval is 0.2mm, and central frequency is 3.5 MHz. The pulse signal is a Gaussian envelope sine wave with two periods, and the sampling frequency of the system is 25 MHz. After the ultrasonic echo signal acquisition is finished, the ultrasonic propagation time from each array element to any position in the region to be imaged can be calculated by the ultrasonic echo signal.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a fast imaging algorithm based on ultrasonic circular array synthetic aperture reception in this embodiment, and fig. 3 is a schematic view of a sector area of a grouping of ultrasonic circular array transducer elements in this embodiment.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the fast imaging algorithm based on the ultrasound circular array synthetic aperture receiving includes the following steps:
step S1, dividing 128 array elements of the ultrasonic annular array transducer into 128 array element groups according to 8 adjacent array elements in each group, and calculating an index matrix D of a 1 st sector area consisting of a 1 st group of array element groups containing array elements 1-8 and the circle center of the ultrasonic annular array transducer1. The sector area formed by one array element is schematically shown as sector area a in fig. 3 (only three sector areas a, b, c are schematically shown in fig. 3, and the remaining sector areas are not shown).
Index matrix D1The imaging device is provided with a plurality of elements which are in one-to-one correspondence with points in the whole to-be-imaged area, when the value of the element is 1, the point is located in the 1 st sector area, and when the value of the element is 0, the point is located outside the 1 st sector area.
In step S2, the cycle value i is set to 1.
Step S3, extracting the ultrasonic echo signals from the array elements i to (8+ i-1) by using Chichi information criterion algorithmTaking the first arrival wave, then obtaining a sound velocity distribution model in the region to be imaged by using an inversion algorithm, finally substituting the sound velocity distribution model into an equation of function, and solving to obtain an index matrix D from each array element in array elements i to (8+ i-1)iThe ultrasound propagation time of the corresponding point.
In this step, other methods may also be used to calculate the ultrasound propagation time, for example, in the step of obtaining the sound velocity distribution model, the method may be replaced by "reconstructing the sound velocity distribution model of the region to be imaged by using the bayesian estimation method".
Step S4, calculating index matrix D by using synthetic aperture algorithm according to ultrasonic echo signal and ultrasonic propagation timeiImaging result I of the corresponding I-th sector areaiThe method comprises the following specific steps:
for the index matrix D in the ith sectoriAny point P (x, z) in which the value of the corresponding element is 1, according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003138373080000061
calculating the image brightness value of the point P (x, z), wherein the matrix formed by the image brightness values of all the points P (x, z) in the ith fan-shaped area is the imaging result Ii，
In the formula, sj，k(t) is the amplitude of the signal transmitted by the array element k and received by the array element j at the time t, tj(x, z) and tk(x, z) are the ultrasound propagation times of element j and element k to point P, respectively.
Step S5, let i equal i +1, and index matrix D1Push button
Figure BDA0003138373080000062
Rotating and transforming to obtain an index matrix DiThen returns to step S3 until i > 128;
step S6, imaging the sector area IiAnd the position of the sample is superposed and fused by 128 to obtain the final imaging result of the sample.
Fig. 4 is an imaging result of array element group of the sample to be imaged by using a fast imaging algorithm based on ultrasonic ring array synthetic aperture reception in the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 4, for the sector area imaging results as shown in a, b, and c in fig. 4 (only three sector area imaging results a, b, and c are schematically shown in fig. 4, and the remaining sector area imaging results are not shown), the final imaging results obtained by the fusion performed in step S6 are shown as d and e in fig. 4.
< comparative example >
In this comparative example, the sample to be imaged in the example was imaged using a conventional full aperture synthetic aperture imaging algorithm, and the imaging result was compared with that in the example.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the imaging result and the final imaging result of the array element group of the sample to be imaged in the present comparative example by using the conventional full aperture synthetic aperture imaging algorithm.
The sample to be imaged in the embodiment is imaged by using a conventional full aperture synthetic aperture imaging algorithm, and the imaging result of the array element group and the final imaging result are shown in fig. 5.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in the embodiment, the final imaging result of the fast imaging algorithm based on the ultrasound circular array synthetic aperture reception for the sample to be imaged is significantly reduced in arc artifact compared with the final imaging result of the conventional full aperture synthetic aperture imaging algorithm for the sample to be imaged.
Fig. 6 is a graph of performance improvement of the fast imaging algorithm based on ultrasound circular array synthetic aperture reception in the present invention compared to the comparative example conventional synthetic aperture imaging algorithm.
As shown in fig. 6, when N and N are different and have different values, the efficiency of the fast imaging algorithm based on the ultrasound circular array synthetic aperture receiving of the present invention is superior to that of the conventional synthetic aperture imaging algorithm. In this embodiment, when N is 128 and N is 8, the ratio of the computational efficiency of the fast imaging algorithm based on the ultrasound circular array synthetic aperture reception and the conventional synthetic aperture imaging algorithm is 3.7237.
The fast imaging algorithm based on the ultrasound circular array synthetic aperture receiving provided by this embodiment calculates the cable of the sector area corresponding to the number 1-n array elementsIndex matrix D1Then, an index matrix D of a sector area corresponding to array elements i to (n + i-1) is obtained through rotation transformationiCompared with the operation of performing complete index value calculation once on each array element group in the traditional algorithm, the method effectively improves the performance of the algorithm. The time complexity of the conventional algorithm is
Figure BDA0003138373080000081
Figure BDA0003138373080000082
The algorithm of the invention has the time complexity of
Figure BDA0003138373080000083
Figure BDA0003138373080000084
Figure BDA0003138373080000085
Where Nx × Ny is the size of the region to be imaged, f is the time complexity of signal amplitude addition for one time when a luminance value of a pixel point in the image is calculated, g is the time complexity of judging whether a point in the imaging region is located in the sector region, h is the time complexity of performing rotation transformation on the matrix, and values of f, g, and h are O (1), O (n +1), and O (1), respectively.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the rapid imaging algorithm based on the ultrasonic ring array synthetic aperture receiving provided by the embodiment, the region to be imaged is divided into N fan-shaped regions, the imaging result of each fan-shaped region is obtained by utilizing the synthetic aperture algorithm, the imaging result in each fan-shaped region is ensured to be accurate, and finally the N fan-shaped imaging results are overlapped and fused according to the positions of the N fan-shaped imaging results, so that the arc-shaped artifacts of the obtained imaging result are obviously reduced, and the final imaging result is more accurate and clear. In addition, because the method of firstly calculating the index matrix of one sector area and then obtaining the index matrices of the other sector areas through rotation transformation is adopted, compared with the operation of performing complete index value calculation once on each array element group, the method effectively improves the algorithm performance.
Further, the rapid imaging algorithm based on the ultrasound circular array synthetic aperture receiving provided by the embodiment can adopt parallel computing to a plurality of sector areas to obtain imaging results, and the performance is improved.
In summary, the fast imaging algorithm based on the ultrasound circular array synthetic aperture receiving of the embodiment has a good imaging effect and greatly improved algorithm performance compared with the traditional full-aperture synthetic aperture imaging algorithm.
The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A fast imaging algorithm based on ultrasonic ring array synthetic aperture receiving is used for imaging a sample by ultrasonic echo signals transmitted and received by an ultrasonic ring array transducer, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, dividing N array elements of the ultrasonic annular array transducer into N array element groups according to each group of N adjacent array elements, and calculating an index matrix D of a 1 st sector area formed by the 1 st array element group containing the array elements from 1 to N and the circle center of the ultrasonic annular array transducer1；
Step S2, setting the cycle value i to 1;
step S3, according to the ultrasonic echo signals received by the array elements i to (n + i-1), calculating each array element to index matrix D in the array elements i to (n + i-1)iThe ultrasound propagation time of the corresponding point;
step S4, calculating the index matrix D by using a synthetic aperture algorithm according to the ultrasonic echo signal and the ultrasonic propagation timeiImaging result I of the corresponding I-th sector areai；
Step S5, let i equal i +1, and index matrix D1Push button
Figure FDA0003138373070000011
Rotating and transforming to obtain the index matrix DiThen returns to said step S3 until i>N；
Step S6, imaging result I of the sector areaiAnd N is superposed and fused according to the position of the N, so as to obtain the final imaging result of the sample.
2. The fast imaging algorithm based on ultrasound circular array synthetic aperture reception of claim 1, wherein:
wherein the index matrix DiThe imaging method comprises the steps that a plurality of elements which correspond to points in the whole to-be-imaged area in a one-to-one mode are arranged, when the value of the element is 1, the point is located in the ith sector area, and when the value of the element is 0, the point is located outside the ith sector area.
3. The fast imaging algorithm based on ultrasound circular array synthetic aperture reception of claim 2, wherein:
wherein, in the step S4, the index matrix D is included in the ith sectoriAny point P (x, z) in which the value of the corresponding element is 1, according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003138373070000021
calculating the image brightness value of the point P (x, z), wherein the matrix formed by the image brightness values of all the points in the ith fan-shaped area is the imaging result IiIn the formula, sj，k(t) is the amplitude of the signal transmitted by the array element k and received by the array element j at the time t, tj(x, z) and tk(x, z) are the ultrasound propagation times of the element j and the element k to the point P, respectively.
4. The fast imaging algorithm based on ultrasound circular array synthetic aperture reception of claim 1, wherein:
in step S3, a first arrival wave is extracted from the ultrasonic echo signal by using a akage information criterion algorithm, then a sound velocity distribution model in the region to be imaged is obtained by using an inversion algorithm, and finally the sound velocity distribution model is substituted into an engineering function equation to obtain the ultrasonic propagation time.
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