CN113552033B - Dust concentration distribution detection method based on optical measurement - Google Patents
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- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dust concentration distribution detection method based on optical measurement. According to the invention, single-point laser is emitted through the light-emitting element array, the light-sensitive element array is utilized to obtain a transmitted light signal and a scattered light signal formed after dust is irradiated by the laser, and the dust flow distribution of the measurement section is obtained through an image reconstruction algorithm. The invention can obtain the dust concentration distribution of the section of the pipeline and detect the concentration in real time; the concentration measurement is carried out by comprehensively utilizing a light scattering method and an extinction method, and the light signals are more comprehensively utilized; the reconstruction speed is higher by using Landweber algorithm, two optical signals of transmitted light and scattered light are fused, the obtained dust concentration distribution image has higher resolution and precision, and the dust concentration measurement is more accurate; and the structure is simple, and the space-time precision is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical imaging, and relates to a dust concentration distribution detection method based on optical measurement.
Background
Dust particles widely exist in industrial production and living environments, such as gypsum dust, limestone dust and coal dust of coal-fired power plants, coal dust and sand dust generated by coal mine exploitation, corn flour, flour dust and the like in grain processing industry, and high-concentration dust distribution is a great hidden danger for safe production in industrial processes and has great threat to the life health of workers. In the mechanized operation process, the concentration of dust particles is increased, explosion accidents are extremely easy to be caused, life and property losses are caused, and the dust particles are a great danger source for safe production.
The existing dust detection method mainly comprises a filtering weighing method, a beta-ray method, a piezoelectric vibration method, a light scattering method and a charge induction method. However, the existing method is generally off-line single-point measurement, cannot realize real-time on-line measurement, and cannot accurately obtain the distribution condition of dust concentration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dust concentration distribution detection method based on optical measurement. And transmitting single-point laser through the light-emitting element array, obtaining transmitted light and scattered light signals formed after laser irradiates dust through the light-sensitive element array, and obtaining dust flow distribution of a measurement section through an image reconstruction algorithm. The invention can effectively utilize the transmitted light and scattered light signals, accurately evaluate the distribution of the flowing concentration of dust and accurately measure the concentration of the dust, provides a beneficial reference for the dust detection field, is beneficial to improving the safety production capacity of a plurality of industries, improves the working environment of staff, assists the development of healthy China, and has important scientific research significance and industrial practical value.
The dust concentration distribution detection device based on optical measurement comprises an optical sensor, a signal acquisition module, a laser excitation module, a measurement pipeline and a microcomputer. The optical sensor is respectively and electrically connected with the signal acquisition module and the laser excitation module, and the signal acquisition module and the laser excitation module are respectively and electrically connected with the micro-computer; the measuring pipeline is arranged in the measuring area; the microcomputer controls the specific luminous element in the optical sensor to emit light through the laser excitation module. The signal acquisition module is used for acquiring optical measurement signals of the photosensitive element in the optical sensor and sending the signals to the microcomputer.
The optical sensor provided by the invention comprises two groups of luminous element arrays and photosensitive element arrays which are vertically distributed in a measuring area. Light shielding holes are formed in the light emitting element and the light sensing element, and the light sensing element collects light signals incident perpendicular to the surface of the light sensing element. The measuring area is divided into a plurality of square pixels, and dust concentration in the pixel area is set to be uniform. When a light-emitting element emits light, transmitted light and a plurality of scattered lights are formed. The transmitted light is measured by the photosensitive element in the same direction as the activated light emitting element, and the scattered light is measured by the photosensitive element in the direction orthogonal to the activated light emitting element.
Based on the dust concentration distribution detection device, there is a dust concentration distribution detection method,
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1), starting a system, and measuring a transmitted light signal in a clean air state and a transmitted light signal in a known dust concentration state;
step 2), measuring optical signals in a state of unknown dust concentration, including scattered optical signals and transmitted optical signals. The transmitted light signals are used for measuring the signals of the photosensitive elements at the corresponding positions by sequentially activating the light-emitting elements; the scattered light signal is obtained by sequentially activating single light emitting elements and then measuring all photosensitive element signals in the orthogonal direction;
step 3), dividing the measuring area into square grids, wherein a single grid represents one pixel, and the concentration of dust in the measuring area is regarded as consistent;
step 4), determining the mass concentration distribution relation of the transmitted light and dust according to the lambert beer law;
step 5), determining the mass concentration distribution relation of scattered light and dust according to an MIE scattering theory;
step 6), establishing a relation between the dust concentration distribution matrix and the transmitted light signals;
step 7), establishing a matrix relation between dust concentration distribution and scattered light;
and 8) reconstructing dust concentration distribution images based on the transmitted light and scattered light signals respectively by using an image reconstruction algorithm, and fusing the two images to obtain a final dust concentration distribution state.
Preferably, the image reconstruction utilizes the Landweber algorithm.
The invention can obtain the dust concentration distribution of the section of the pipeline and detect the concentration in real time; the concentration measurement is carried out by comprehensively utilizing a light scattering method and an extinction method, and the light signals are more comprehensively utilized; by using Landweber algorithm, the reconstruction speed is faster, two optical signals of transmitted light and scattered light are fused, the obtained dust concentration distribution image has higher resolution and precision, and the dust concentration measurement is more accurate. The structure is simple, the space-time precision is high, scattered light and transmitted light signals are utilized, information is fully acquired, and a beneficial reference is provided for dust concentration distribution detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dust concentration distribution detection device based on optical measurement;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical sensor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the transmitted light measurement of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of scattered light measurement according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the dust concentration distribution detection device based on optical measurement comprises an optical sensor 1, a signal acquisition module 2, a laser excitation module 3, a measurement pipeline 4 and a microcomputer 5. The optical sensor 1 is electrically connected with the signal acquisition module 2 and the laser excitation module 3, and the signal acquisition module 2 is used for acquiring optical measurement signals of the photosensitive element in the optical sensor 1. The measuring pipeline 4 is arranged in the measuring area; the signal acquisition module 2 and the laser excitation module 3 are electrically connected with the microcomputer 5, the signal acquisition module 2 sends the acquired optical measurement signals of the photosensitive elements to the microcomputer 5, and the microcomputer 5 controls the specific luminous elements in the optical sensor 1 to emit light through the laser excitation module 3.
As shown in fig. 2, the optical sensor 1 includes two sets of light emitting element arrays 6 and light sensing element arrays 7 vertically distributed in a measurement area. A light shielding hole 8 is provided in both the light emitting element and the light receiving element. Due to the arrangement of the shading holes 8, the photosensitive element can only collect light signals which are vertical to the surface of the photosensitive element and are incident to the surface of the photosensitive element, so that interference of light of other forms is avoided. The measurement area 4 is divided into a plurality of square pixels 9, and dust concentration in the pixel area is set to be uniform. When a light emitting element emits light, a transmitted light 10 and a plurality of scattered light 11 are formed. The transmitted light 10 is measured by a photosensitive element in the same direction as the active light emitting element, and the scattered light 11 is measured by a photosensitive element in the orthogonal direction to the active light emitting element.
Based on the device, the following dust concentration distribution detection method is provided:
step 1), starting the system, and measuring the optical signal in the standard state. When the measuring area is clean air, sequentially activating a plurality of light emitting elements, measuring signals of photosensitive elements at corresponding positions, and calculating the average value of the elements as a reference light intensity signal S 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Inputting a known mass concentration M into the measurement region 0 Sequentially activating a plurality of light emitting elements, measuring optical signals at corresponding positions, and averagingValue as transmitted light signal reference
Step 2), measuring optical signals in a dust concentration unknown state M, wherein the optical signals comprise a scattered optical signal U and a transmitted optical signal S. As shown in fig. 2, the transmitted light signal measures the light sensing element signal at the corresponding position by sequentially activating the light emitting elements: s= [ S ] 1 s 2 …s 2n ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein n is the number of photosensitive elements in the horizontal and vertical directions; scattered light signals are divided into horizontal measuring signals U by sequentially activating single light emitting elements and then measuring all photosensitive element signals in the orthogonal direction h And a vertical direction measurement signal U v Two types of signals:
wherein h is ij Representing a signal measured by the jth photosensitive element in the horizontal direction when the ith light-emitting element in the vertical direction emits light; v ij Representing the scattered light signal measured by the ith photosensitive element in the vertical direction when the jth light emitting element in the horizontal direction emits light. It should be noted that U h And U v The elements at the corresponding positions represent scattered light signals generated by the same pixel point of the measuring area when receiving incident light in the horizontal and vertical directions.
Step 3), mesh dissection. As shown in fig. 3, the measurement area was divided into n×n square grids, where a single grid represents one pixel, and the internal dust concentration was regarded as uniform. The concentration profile matrix is defined as:
x ij representing the mass density in the pixel points of the ith row and the jth column;
and 4) determining the distribution relation of the transmitted light and the dust mass concentration. As shown in fig. 3, according to lambert beer's lawLaser beam I 0 After being attenuated by the dust region, the optical signal intensity I t Expressed as: i t ＝I 0 e -％L The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein L is the thickness of the medium particle region, e is a natural constant, and turbidity τ is expressed as:n is the particle number concentration, d is the particle diameter, K is the extinction coefficient, and is related to the wavelength of light λ, the refractive index m of the medium near the particles, and the particle diameter d.
The mass concentration M of the whole particles is expressed as:where ρ is the dust particle density.
Because of the wavelength lambda of the incident light, the particle diameter d of the medium and other parameters are set, and the mass concentration of the particles is only equal to that of the emergent light I t Related to the following. The extinction parameter α is calculated from the measurement signal in step 1:
and 5) determining the distribution relation of the scattered light and the dust mass concentration. As known from the MIE scattering theory, the scattered light intensity signal of the uniform spherical particles is:wherein i is 1 And i 2 The scattered light intensity function is related to the angle theta of the measuring point from the discrete incidence area, the particle diameter d, the scattering coefficient and the surrounding subsequent refractive index, and r is the vertical distance of the dust area from the photosensitive measuring element. Likewise, the dust mass concentration is expressed as: />Under the conditions of determining the particle size, scattering angle, incident light wavelength and medium refractive index of dust, the dust mass concentration is related to the scattering light intensity and the distance between measuring points:wherein the scattered light measurement signal U is used for representing I I Incident light signal S 0 Represents I 0 Then: />Beta is a scattered light parameter;
step 6), signal processing and projection equation establishment. According to step 4), establishing a relation between the dust concentration distribution matrix and the transmitted light signal, and defining a parameter vector P= [ P ] 1 p 2 …p 2n ]：
The above formula is expressed as a matrix form, resulting in: ax=p;
wherein x= [ x ] 11 x 12 …x 21 x 22 …x nn ] T The array is arranged in a single column of a pixel matrix M, A is a sensitive field matrix, and is expressed as follows:wherein e i The n-dimensional square matrix of the ith row is 1, the rest rows are 0, and E is an n-dimensional identity matrix.
Step 7), establishing a relation between the dust concentration distribution and the scattered light according to the step 5). As shown in fig. 4, the pixel point x ij For example, when the incident light is horizontal, the laser is first subjected to the pixel set M 1 :x i,1 ,x i,2 ,…,x i,j-1 Then at pixel point x ij Scattering occurs, and scattered light passes through the pixel point set M 2 :x i,j+1 ,x i,j+2 ,…,x i,n The resulting scattered light signal is:
wherein r is h Is the distance between the horizontal measuring point and the scattering area, and beta is the scattered light parameter. Similarly, when the incident light is normally incident, the scattered light signal is:
wherein r is v Is the distance between the vertical measurement point and the scattering region, as shown in FIG. 4, M 3 Pixel point set M passing through for normal incident light 3 :x 1,j ,x 2,j ,…,x i-1,j ，M 4 For scattered light passing through the pixel point set M 4 :x i,j+1 ,x i,j+2 ,…,x i,n 。
And comparing the upper equation and the lower equation to obtain a horizontal and vertical scattered light contrast equation:
wherein the horizontal and vertical distances can be replaced by the number of pixels, namelyThe above is constructed in the form of a matrix equation: bx=q;
wherein Q is n 2 X 1-dimensional vector whose elements are represented by scattered light signal U h And U v The elements at the corresponding positions are calculated and arranged in a single row to obtainB is n 2 ×n 2 The dimension sensitive field matrix is obtained by a horizontal and vertical scattered light contrast equation listing all pixel points.
And 8) reconstructing a dust concentration distribution image based on the transmitted light and scattered light signals by using an image reconstruction algorithm, and then fusing the two algorithms. The image reconstruction algorithm utilizes the Landweber algorithm. Taking the transmitted light equation as an example: ax=p; the Landweber algorithm iterates through the following steps. η is a preset iteration step length, and ε is a preset iteration termination condition.
Objective function:
when the iteration process: i x k+1 -x k The I is less than or equal to epsilon; ending the iteration and outputting x k+1 As the final reconstructed image.
The final dust concentration distribution result calculated by using the transmitted light equation is x t Using scattered light to generate x s The finally obtained dust concentration distribution state is:
Claims (2)
1. the dust concentration distribution detection method based on optical measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1), measuring a transmitted light signal in a clean air state and a transmitted light signal in a known dust concentration state;
step 2), measuring optical signals in a state of unknown dust concentration, wherein the optical signals comprise scattered optical signals and transmitted optical signals; the transmitted light signals are used for measuring the signals of the photosensitive elements at the corresponding positions by sequentially activating the light-emitting elements; the scattered light signal is obtained by sequentially activating single light emitting elements and then measuring all photosensitive element signals in the orthogonal direction;
step 3), dividing the measuring area into square grids, wherein a single grid represents one pixel, and the concentration of dust in the square grids is regarded as consistent;
step 4), determining the mass concentration distribution relation of the transmitted light and dust according to the lambert beer law;
step 5), determining the mass concentration distribution relation of scattered light and dust according to an MIE scattering theory;
step 6), establishing a relation between the dust concentration distribution matrix and the transmitted light signals;
step 7), establishing a matrix relation between dust concentration distribution and scattered light;
step 8), reconstructing dust concentration distribution images based on the transmitted light and scattered light signals respectively by using an image reconstruction algorithm, and fusing the two images to obtain a final dust concentration distribution state;
the dust concentration distribution detection method is realized based on a dust concentration distribution detection device, and the device comprises an optical sensor, a signal acquisition module, a laser excitation module, a measurement pipeline and a microcomputer; the optical sensor is respectively and electrically connected with the signal acquisition module and the laser excitation module, and the signal acquisition module and the laser excitation module are respectively and electrically connected with the micro-computer; the measuring pipeline is arranged in the measuring area; the microcomputer controls a specific light-emitting element in the optical sensor to emit light through the laser excitation module; the signal acquisition module is used for acquiring optical measurement signals of the photosensitive element in the optical sensor and transmitting the signals to the microcomputer;
the optical sensor comprises two groups of luminous element arrays and photosensitive element arrays which are vertically distributed in a measuring area; light shielding holes are formed in the light emitting element and the light sensing element, and the light sensing element collects light signals incident perpendicular to the surface of the light sensing element; the measuring area is divided into a plurality of square pixels, and dust concentration in the pixel area is set to be consistent; when a certain light-emitting element emits light, a transmission light and a plurality of scattered lights are formed; the transmitted light is measured by the photosensitive element in the same direction as the activated light emitting element, and the scattered light is measured by the photosensitive element in the direction orthogonal to the activated light emitting element.
2. The dust concentration distribution detection method based on optical measurement according to claim 1, wherein: the image reconstruction in step 8) uses the Landweber algorithm.
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